scenario and competency based ab initio flight … final.pdf · 29/7/10-ashok poduval scenario and...

29/7/10- Ashok Poduval

Scenario and Competency Based Ab Initio Flight Training at Massey Aviation

APATS 2012

PILOT CAREER PATHWAYS

CPL/ME/IR

GENERALAVIATION

AIRLINEPart 121/125

220-250hours

700-2000hours

220-250 hours+ MCC

MPL

CAA July 2010P Kearney 3

Terrain Advisory Warning System

Source: Krey, Neil. “Automation, Airmanship, and the next generation of Training”

CurrentTechnology

AB INITIO TRAINING

220-250 hours to CPL/ME/IR

Stick and rudder skills- Speed- Altitude- Heading- Balanced turns- Tracking needle

Little or no formal instruction in:- decision making- workload management- TEM- resource management

Source: ICAO training manual, Doc 7192-AN/857, Part B-5, Volume 1, First edition, 1985

ICAO training manual, Doc 7192‐AN/857, Part B‐5, Volume 1, First edition 1985

“Over the years, changes in pilot training programmes have evolved fairly slowly. Certainly, training aircraft and ground training aids have become more sophisticated ........Despite all this, the basic flying skills which today’s students are expected to learn remain essentially unchanged from those that have challenged students for many years, and the methods used to teach these skills are still much the same”

Introduction


ICAO training manual, Doc 7192‐AN/857, Part B‐5, Volume 1, First edition 1985

“The aim of this training course is to produce pilots who are capable of serving as airline co-pilots, or as pilots-in-command or co-pilots for other commercial operations, after appropriate additional crew training and type rating” (P 1-3)

Aim

Private Pilot Stage

Phase 1 PPL 1 PRE FLIGHTPhase 2 PPL 1 PRE SOLOPhase 3 PPL 1 FIRST SOLO & CONSOLIDATIONPhase 4 PPL 1 VISUAL NAVIGATIONPhase 5 PPL 1 PRIVATE LICENCE & GROUND

STANDARDS

Commercial Pilot Stage

Phase 6 CPL 1 BASIC INSTRUMENT FLYINGPhase 7 CPL 1 NIGHT FLYINGPhase 8 CPL 1 COMMERCIAL VISUAL NAVIGATIONPhase 9 CPL 1 COMMERCIAL LICENCE FLIGHT &

GROUND STANDARDS

AppliedOperationsStage

Phase 10 INSTRUMENT RATING (IR)Phase 11 MULTI-ENGINE RATINGPhase 12 COMMERCIAL OPERATIONSPhase 13 CPL/IR FLIGHT STANDARDS


CPL/ME/IR COURSE STRUCTURE



Block lnstructional Objectives- Phase 4, Block 4.2

To introduce the student to basic attitude instrument flying in the training aeroplane

To further develop the student’s skills in cross country flying, including low-level visual navigation

To introduce the student to more complex basic instrument manoeuvres in the synthetic flight trainer.




To prepare the student for nigbt solo flying To achieve a satisfactory first night-solo

flight, followed by night-solo consolidation To complete ground training for the

advanced single-engine aeroplane used in the training course

To continue synthetic flight training in VOR tracking and holding procedures




To continue instrument flight training to develop the skills the students will need in order to meet the flight atandards for the instrument rating which will be tested in Block 10. 2

To train the student on the synthetic flight trainer in standard instrument departure, arrival, and enroute procedures

To review the IR standards examination results with the students.

- Targeted training to provide desired outcomes through a structured learning process…focus – soft skills

Competency based Instruction methodology

Traditional Instruction methodology

- Skill and Manouevre based… demonstration of handling capability

Traditional Training

Train to pass the test rather than practical operations

Emphasis on training manouvres, rather than ADM /risk management.

Insufficient emphasis on use of new flight technologies and procedures (GPS, moving maps, multifunction displays, autopilots)

Source: ICAO PANS TRG Doc 9868

Evidence based Training

Aim - to identify, develop and evaluate the key competencies required by pilots to operate safely, effectively and efficiently in a commercial air transport environment

Applies principles of competency-based training for safe, effective and efficient aircraft operations while addressing relevant threats

Competency A combination of knowledge, skills and attitudes required to perform a task to the prescribed standard.Competency elementAn action that constitutes a task that has a triggering event and a terminating event that clearly defines its limits and an observable outcome.

Performance CriteriaSimple evaluative statements on the required outcome of the competency element and a description of the criteria used to judge whether the required level of performance has been achieved.

Source: ICAO PANS TRG Doc 9868

Competency

TECHNICALLY ADVANCED AIRCRAFT - TAA

An aircraft that has a GPS navigator thatdetermines location, track and speed –among other parameters – by calculating its distance to satellites orbiting the Earth. A TAA’s GPS must have a moving map display and be coupled to an autopilot that can track a course programmed into the GPS

FAA definition -

Source: NTSB

FAA / INDUSTRY TRAINING STANDARDS (FITS)

Assist TAA pilots to develop risk management skills, and in-depth systems knowledge

Increased emphasis on decision making- ADM/SA/RM/AM/CFIT Awareness- Weather decision making- Information management - Systems management

Emphasis on scenario based training – “train the way you fly” and “fly the way you train”

Integrated ab initio and instrument rating

Goal

Training system that uses a highly structured script of real-world experiences to address flight training objectives in an operational environment.

New learning techniques emphasis - Student role as active learners- Emphasis on thinking and understanding- Learning activities emphasize authentic, real world

contexts for learning- Does not compromise basic ‘stick & rudder’ skills

SBT – targets knowledge, skills and attitudes (Competency)

Scenario Based Training (SBT) - Learner Centred

Scenario Based Training (SBT) at Massey Aviation

Unique - commenced late 2009 Real world scripts Flight manoeuvres are integral Team operating concept – paired students PF is PIC Progress based on achievement of competency Incorporates SRM and TEM Teach pilots ‘How to think’ not ‘What to think’ Learner centred grading (outcomes assessment)

Syllabus under approval by CAA NZ Review of syllabus commenced -continuous

improvement Data collection in progress

Describe– at the completion of the scenario the PF will be able to describe the physical

characteristics and cognitive elements of the scenario activities. Instructor assistance is required to successfully execute the manouvre.

Explain– at the completion of the scenario the PF will be able to describe the scenario

activity and understand the underlying concepts, principles, and procedures that comprise the activity. Significant instructor effort will be required to successfully execute the manouvre

Practice– at the completion of the scenario the PF will be able to plan and execute the

scenario. Coaching, instruction, and/or assistance from the instructor will correct deviations and errors identified by the instructor

Perform– at the completion of the scenario, the PF will be able to perform the activity

without assistance from the instructor. Errors and deviations will be identified and corrected by the PF in an expeditious manner. At no time will the successful completion of the activity be in doubt

NotObserved– Any event not accomplished

Scenario Based Training (SBT) - Learner CentredLearning Outcome - Manouvre

Explain– the PF can verbally identify, describe, and understand the risks inherent in the

flight scenario. The PF will need to be prompted to identify risks and makedecisions.

Practice– the PF is able to identify, understand, and apply SRM principles to the actual

flight situation. Coaching, instruction, and/or assistance from the instructorwill quickly correct minor deviations and errors identified by the instructor.The PF will be an active decision maker.

Manage/Decide- the PF can correctly gather the most important data available both within and

outside the cockpit, identify possible courses of action, evaluate the riskinherent in each course of action, and make the appropriate decision.Instructor intervention is not required for the safe completion of the flight.

NotObserved– Any event not accomplished

[Managing all the resources (both on-board the aircraft and from outside sources)available to a single-pilot (prior and during flight) to ensure that the successfuloutcome of the flight is never in doubt.]

Scenario Based Training (SBT) - Learner CentredLearning Outcome - SRM

scenario and competency based ab initio flight … final.pdf · 29/7/10-ashok poduval scenario and...

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