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CHAPTER 24

Carbohydrate Metabolism

TestBank

TYPE I MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

In each of the following multiple-choice questions, place the letter of the correct response in the blank

at the left. There is only one correct response for each question.

24.1 c The primary site within the human body where carbohydrate digestion occurs is the

a mouth.

b stomach.

c small intestine.d membranes of intestinal mucosal cells.

24.2 b !hich of the following con"ersions is accomplished by the process of glycolysis#

a glucose to glycogen

b glucose to pyru"ate

c starch to glucose

d pyru"ate to glucose

24.$ c The first two intermediates in the process of glycolysis are, respecti"ely,

a glucose %-phosphate and glucose 1-phosphate.

b glucose 1-phosphate and glucose %-phosphate.

c glucose %-phosphate and fructose %-phosphate.d glucose 1-phosphate and fructose 1-phosphate.

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16 Chapter 24 Carbohydrate Metabolism Test Bank

24.4 b The transition from the &%stage of glycolysis to the &$stage in"ol"es the con"ersion

of the molecule fructose 1,%-bisphosphate into the &$species

a dihydro'yacetone and glyceraldehydes.

b dihydro'yacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde $-phosphate.

c glyceraldehyde and $-phosphoglycerate.

d $-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate.

24.( c )ow many total steps are there in the process of glycolysis#

a si'

b eight

c tend twel"e

24.% d )ow many glycolysis intermediates are molecules that contain one or more

phosphate groups#a two

b four

c si'

d nine

24.* c )ow many steps in the glycolysis pathway ha"e a &$molecule as the reactant#

a two

b four

c si'

d eight

24.+ d In the human body, under aerobic conditions and anaerobic conditions, respecti"ely,

pyru"ate is con"erted to

a lactate and ethanol.b lactate and acetyl &o.

c ethanol and lactate.d acetyl &o and lactate.

24. a ccumulation of which of the following substances is the cause of stiff and sore

muscles after "igorous e'ercise#

a lactate

b pyru"ate

c acetyl &o

d glycerate

24.1 c !Al"orithmi#$The net yield of T/ from the complete o'idation of one molecule ofglucose is

a 12.b 24.

c $.

d $%.

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Test Bank Chapter 24 Carbohydrate Metabolism 1%

24.11 a !Al"orithmi#$The net yield of T/ per glucose molecule during the process ofglycolysis is

a 2.

b 4.

c +.

d 12.

24.12 b The name of the process in which free glucose is con"erted to glycogen is

a gluconeogenesis.

b glycogenesis.

c glycogenolysis.

d glycolysis.

24.1$ a !hich of the following processes require 0T/ molecules#

a formation of glycogen from glucose

b degradation of glycogen to glucose

c both the formation and degradation of glycogen

d formation of glucose 1-phosphate from glucose %-phosphate

24.14 c !Al"orithmi#$lucose 1-phosphate is con"erted to glucose %-phosphate in which ofthe following processes#

a gluconeogenesis

b glycogenesis

c glycogenolysis

d glycolysis

24.1( a !Al"orithmi#$dding a single glucose unit to a growing glycogen chaina requires the in"estment of 2 T/ molecules.

b results in the production of 1 T/ molecule.

c does not require any triphosphate molecules.

d requires 3as an o'idi5ing agent.

24.1% c !Al"orithmi#$!hich of the following intermediates is in"ol"ed in gluconeogenesisbut not in glycolysis#

a glucose 1-phosphate

b pyru"ate

c o'aloacetate

d phosphoenolpyru"ate

24.1* a !Al"orithmi#$!hich of the following is a reactant in the first step ofgluconeogenesis#

a carbon dio'ide

b molecular o'ygenc glucose

d acetyl &o


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1& Chapter 24 Carbohydrate Metabolism Test Bank

24.1+ b !hich of the following substances are participants in the reactions encompassed by

the &ori cycle#

a pyru"ate and acetyl &o

b pyru"ate and lactate

c lactate and acetyl &o

d pyru"ate, lactate and acetyl &o

24.1 b !Al"orithmi#$!hich of the following statements concerning the pentose phosphatepathway is incorrect#

a It is an alternati"e pathway to glycolysis for the degradation of glucose.

b The ma6or coen5yme produced by the pathway is 3).

c /entose deri"ati"es needed for the production of nucleic acids are products of

the pathway.

d In the first stage of the pathway, glucose %-phosphate is con"erted to ribulose

(-phosphate.

24.2 a !hich of the following hormones promotes the uptake and use of glucose by cells#

a insulin

b glucagonc epinephrine

d adrenaline

TYPE II MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

In each of the following multiple-choice questions, place the letter of the correct response in the blank

at the left. There may be more than one correct response 7choice d or no correct response for a

question 7choice e.

24.21 c !hich of the following statements concerning glycolysis is incorrect#

a It is an o'idation process in which no molecular o'ygen is used.b ll reactions take place in the cytosol of a cell.c There are two stages, each of which in"ol"es a series of fi"e reactions.

d more than one correct response

e no correct response

24.22 d In two of the first three steps of glycolysis,

a phosphorylation reactions occur.

b isomeri5ation reactions occur.

c T/ is con"erted to 3/.




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Test Bank Chapter 24 Carbohydrate Metabolism 1'

24.2$ a !hich of the following &%stage glycolysis intermediates is paired with the correct

type of en5yme needed for its production#

a glucose %-phosphate8 kinase

b fructose %-phosphate8 dehydrogenase

c fructose 1,%-bisphosphate8 mutase



24.24 b In which of the following steps of glycolysis does substrate-le"el phosphorylation

occur#

a production of phosphoenolpyru"ateb production of pyru"ate

c production of 2-phosphoglycerate



24.2( d !hich of the following &$stage glycolysis intermediates undergoes an isomeri5ation

reaction#

a dihydro'yacetone phosphateb glyceraldehyde $-phosphate

c $-phosphoglycerate



24.2% b Intermediates in the glycolysis pathway include

a two glucose deri"ati"es.

b three glycerate deri"ati"es.

c two pyru"ate deri"ati"es.

d more than one correct responsee no correct response

24.2* d The regeneration of 3from 3) occurs during the con"ersion of pyru"ate to

a lactate.

b ethanol.

c acetyl &o.



24.2+ d &arbon dio'ide is a product when lactate is con"erted to

a pyru"ate.

b ethanol.

c acetyl &o.



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2( Chapter 24 Carbohydrate Metabolism Test Bank

24.2 b In which of the following processes is glucose the end product#

a glycogenesis

b glycogenolysis

c glycolysis



24.$ d !hich of the following is a three-step process#

a con"ersion of pyru"ate to glucose

b con"ersion of glucose to glycogen

c con"ersion of glycogen to glucosed more than one correct response


24.$1 a The compound glucose 1-phosphate is encountered in which of the followingprocesses#

a glycogenesis and glycogenolysis

b glycolysis and gluconeogenesis

c glycogenesis and gluconeogenesisd more than one correct response


24.$2 e The compound glucose %-phosphate is notencountered in which of the following

processes#

a con"ersion of pyru"ate to glucose

b con"ersion to glucose to pyru"ate

c con"ersion of glycogen to glucose



24.$$ b The compound o'aloacetate is an intermediate in the con"ersion ofa glycogen to glucose.

b pyru"ate to glucose.

c pyru"ate to acetyl &o.



24.$4 d !hich of the following is a product of thefirst stageof the pentose phosphate

pathway#

a carbon dio'ide

b a phosphorylated "ersion of the coen5yme 3)

c ribose (-phosphate



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Test Bank Chapter 24 Carbohydrate Metabolism 21

24.$( c !hich of the following hormones increases blood glucose le"els#

a insulin and glucagon

b insulin and epinephrine

c glucagon and epinephrine



MULTIPLE-CHOICE FORMAT TRUE-FALSE QUESTIONS

In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characteri5e 9&) of the three gi"en statementsas being T:09 or ;nly one of the statements is true.

d one of the statements is true.

24.$* b - ;TT =tatements?

71 lycogenesis and glycolysis are @oppositeA processes.

72 The focal point for carbohydrate metabolism is the molecule glucose.

7$ /roduction of $ T/ molecules accompanies the complete o'idation of a

glucose molecule.

a ll three statements are true.

b Two of the three statements are true.

c >nly one of the statements is true.



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24.$+ b - ;TT =tatements?

71 bsorption of monosaccharides through the intestinal wall into the

bloodstream in"ol"es passi"e transport.

72 In the con"ersion of pyru"ate to acetyl &o, a carbon dio'ide molecule is

produced.

7$ lucose degradation occurs in both glycolysis and the pentose phosphate

pathway.





24.$ c - ;T; =tatements?

71 The process of glycolysis con"erts a &%molecules into three &2molecules.

72 The primary location where gluconeogenesis occurs is the li"er.

7$ /yru"ate reduction to lactate occurs under aerobic conditions, and pyru"ate

o'idation to acetyl &o results from anaerobic conditions.





24.4 a - TTT =tatements?

71 lucose 1-phosphate is an intermediate in both glycogenesis and

glycogenolysis.

72 &on"ersion of T/ to 3/ occurs in both steps 1 and $ of glycolysis.

7$ In the o'idati"e stage of the pentose phosphate pathway, a he'ose phosphate is

con"erted to a pentose phosphate and carbon dio'ide.





24.41 b - TT; =tatements?

71 luconeogenesis is a process through which glucose can be synthesi5ed from

noncarbohydrate materials.

72 The process of glycolysis takes place in the cytosol of a cell.

7$ InsulinBs function is to increase blood glucose le"els by speeding up the

con"ersion of glycogen to glucose.

a ll three statements are true.b Two of the three statements are true.




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Test Bank Chapter 24 Carbohydrate Metabolism 2)

24.42 b - T;T =tatements?

71 ll intermediates in the &$stage of glycolysis are phosphorylated deri"ati"es

of either glycerol or acetone.

72 The digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth, continues in the stomach,

and is completed in the small intestine.

7$ The storage form for e'cess glucose in the body is glycogen produced by

glycogenesis.





24.4$ a - TTT =tatements?

71 The con"ersion of glucose %-phosphate to glucose, the last step of

glycogenolysis, does not occur in muscle and brain cells.

72 The two triose phosphates initially formed in glycolysis are dihydro'yacetone

phosphate and glyceraldehyde $-phosphate.

7$ T/ production during glycolysis occurs "ia substrate-le"el phosphorylation.





24.44 d - ;;; =tatements?

71 The first step of glycolysis in"ol"es the phosphorylation of glucose to produce

glucose 1-phosphate.

72 The processing of one glucose molecule "ia glycolysis produces two acetyl

&o molecules and two carbon dio'ide molecules.

7$ The ma6ority of T/ molecules produced during the complete o'idation ofglucose form during the glycolysis phase of o'idation.





24.4( a - TTT =tatements?

71 nly one of the statements is true.



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MATCHING QUESTIONS

ssign each of the characteri5ations on the left to one of the metabolic pathways listed in the

response list on the right. :esponses on the right may be used more than once or need not be used at

all.

24.4% d lucose is con"erted to two pyru"ates.

24.4* b lycogen is synthesi5ed from glucose.

24.4+ c lycogen is broken down into free glucose units.

24.4 a lucose is synthesi5ed from pyru"ate.

24.( a Two &$molecules combine to gi"e a &%molecule.

a gluconeogenesis

b glycogenesisc glycogenolysis

d glycolysis

ssign each of the reaction characteri5ations on the left to one of the metabolic pathways listed in the

responses on the right. :esponses on the right may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

24.(1 d ;ructose %-phosphate is the product formed in the

second step of this process.

24.(2 b ;ormation of 03/-glucose is part of this process.

24.($ a >'aloacetate is the product formed in the first step

of this process.

24.(4 a Two trioses combine to form fructose

1,%-bisphosphate as part of this process.

24.(( b lucose %-phosphate is con"erted to glucose1-phosphate as part of this process.

a gluconeogenesis

b glycogenesis

c glycogenolysis

d glycolysis

)ow many steps inglycolysisha"e the characteristics listed on the left# :espond using the response

list on the right. :esponses on the right may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

24.(% b T/ is con"erted to 3/.

24.(* c n isomeri5ation reaction occurs.

24.(+ b =ubstrate-phosphorylation occurs.

24.( b bisphosphate molecule is formed.

24.% c glycerate deri"ati"e is formed.

a one step

b two steps

c three steps

d four steps


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Test Bank Chapter 24 Carbohydrate Metabolism 25

!hat is the T/ yieldper glucose moleculein each of the following processes# :espond using the

list on the right. :esponses on the right may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

24.%1 a lycolysis

24.%2 d lycolysis plus the common metabolic pathway

24.%$ a lycolysis plus o'idation of pyru"ate to acetyl &o

24.%4 a lycolysis plus reduction of pyru"ate to lactate

24.%( a lycolysis plus reduction of pyru"ate to ethanol

a 2 T/

b 4 T/

c 1 T/

d $ T/

;or each of the chemical changes on the left, choose from the response list on the right a correct namefor the process or the conditions under which it occurs. :esponses on the right may be used more than

once or need not be used at all.

24.%% b /yru"ate to lactate

24.%* b /yru"ate to ethanol

24.%+ a lucose to pyru"ate to lactate to pyru"ate to

glucose

24.% c lucose %-phosphate to ribulose (-phosphate

24.* d :ibulose (-phosphate to ribose (-phosphate

a &ori cycleb an anaerobic process

c o'idati"e stage of pentose

phosphate pathway

d nono'idati"e stage of

pentose phosphate pathway


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