uppsalababylab
TRANSCRIPT
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Eye tracking is used in
developmental psychology to
explain inants growth and
transormation in cognitive,
social and emotional abilities.
At the Department o
Psychologys Babylab at
Uppsala University in Sweden,
Claes von Hosten and his ellow
researches use Tobii Eye
Trackers to measure
development o inant object
representation and study the
dierences in social
interactions in normal children
and children with autism.
Inant object representationThe ability to remember (represent) tempo-rarily occluded objects is an importantmilestone in early inancy. This ability helpsthe child relate to things other than what isdirectly perceivable. In addition, inantsenhanced object representations help them
increase their abil ity to relate to the externalworld, predict uture events and successullyinteract with their surroundings. UppsalaUniversitys Babylab uses eye trackingto investigate how this ability developsduring the inants rst year o lie.
Participating inants are or instance showndierent movies in which a ball rolls towardand disappears behind a screen. Ater aninterval that corresponds to the time it takesor the object to move to the other side o thescreen, the ball reappears on the other side.
As inants watch these events a Tobii T120Eye Tracker is used to measure where theylook.
The question asked is when do inants movetheir eyes rom the location where the balldisappears to the location where the ballreappears. I the inants move their eyes tothe reappearing location beore the ballemerges this is interpreted as an indicationthat inants expect the ball to emerge at thislocation and that inants have the abilityto represent the ball behind the screen.
Using this method, the researchers havebeen able to demonstrate that inants canrepresent temporarily occluded objects romthe age o our months. In addition, they candemonstrate that six-month old inants canrepresent occluded objects or up to ourseconds. At this age inants also possessthe ability to learn novel events ater only aew presentations and remember theseevents or at least 24 hours.
We have collected large volumes of very high quality data using
our Tobii systems. This has enabled us to obtain research results
in infant studies that would have been time-consuming or even
impossible using traditional eye tracking systems
Claes von Hosten, Proessor o Psychology, Uppsala University
Leading eye Tracking TechnoLogy TOBII. All other trademarks are the property o their respective owners.
Developmental
Psychology
EYE TRACKING RESEARCH
Inant control o actionMotor perormance oten relies on acomplex relationship between motivation,perception, planning and motion, and is not
just a question o control over muscles.Even in newborn children movements arenot just simple refexes. For example, the wayinants reach or an object is related to howthey plan to use itthrowing the object orplacing it in a box. Also, inants tend toimitate the purpose o an action rather thanthe structure o the movement itsel and willonly reproduce it i the outcome o the actionwas interesting enough or them. Thus earlyin their lives children seem to be able to act
5-month old inants can represent temporarilyoccluded objects.
7-month old inants assume that occludedobjects will continue.
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Developmental Psychology
www.tobii.c
eMea
Tobii Technology ABKarlsrovgen 2DS-182 53 Danderyd
Sweden+46 8 663 69 90 Phone+46 8 30 14 00 [email protected]
norTh aMerica
Tobii Technology, Inc.510 N. Washington StreetSuite 200 - Falls Church,
VA 22046 - USA+1-703-738-1300 Phone+1-888-898-6244 Phone+1-703-738-1313 [email protected]
aSia
Tobii Technology, Ltd.3-4-13 Takanawa, Minato-kuTokyo 108-0074
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cenTraL europe
Tobii Technology GmbHNiedenau 45D-60325 Frankfur t am Main
Germany+49 69 24 75 03 40 Phone+49 69 24 75 03 429 [email protected]
Why Tobii?We have spent a lot o time setting up
dierent eye trackers to work with babies inour lab. Tobii remote eye trackers provideseveral advantages compared to othersystems. They oer large reedom o headmovement and non-intrusiveness, which ismandatory or baby testing. Calibration andrecording is also much more straight-or-ward than anything else we have seen.
It is easy to set up attention-grabbing stimuliusing video and audio, calibration routinesare quick, easy and specically designed orbabies, and eye tracking is ully automatic.
Recently we upgraded our old Tobii 1750eye tracking systems to the new Tobii T120Eye Trackers. The new hardware allows ortwice as much head movement and the eyetracking data is even more accurate. It alsoprovides automatic bright and dark pupiloptimization, says Claes von Hosten,Proessor o Psychology at UppsalaUniversity.
To fnd out howEye Tracking
can improve your
research, please visit
www.tobii.com or contact
one o our ofces.
as agents in their environment and toanticipate what will happen next. These
ndings raise interesting questions aboutinants motor and cognitive development: Howdoinfantsacquiretheknowledge
about rules and processes that governevents? How do they acquire the abilityto extract uture-oriented inormation romtheir senses? Whatmotivatesthemtoexploreandlearn
about objects and events in the world? Howdoperceptionandactionintegrate
to provide a fexible movement controlsystem to attain the desired goals?
A Tobii X120 Eye Tracker is used at theBabylab to study inant action motordevelopment.
Autism prediction: A normal, and an autistic,childs perception o social interaction.
abt T Bblb t usl uvst
The Babylab conducts basic research
primarily to determine how human inants develop their abilities toperceive, act, and refect on the world. Oneapplied goal is to nd better methods or theearly diagnosiso handicaps. www.babylab.se
An inant in ront o a Tobii T120 Eye Tracker atthe Babylab at Uppsala University.
Social interactions in
normal children and children
with autismAutism is characterized by severe andpervasive impairments in several importantareas o development, reciprocal socialinteraction and communication as well asbehavior and imagination. Since latediagnosis hinders good treatment andprognosis, research into the early andidentiying markers o autism is crucial.Early and intensive interventions improvechances that children with autism and theiramilies will get adequate help and support.
The Babylab uses eye tracking in studies oautistic children to understand more about
their strengths and weaknesses.
These images rom a video shows the gazebehavior o an inant when perorming a reachingtask. Beore gripping, the child always looks atthe part o the object that will make contact with
the hand, i.e. xates the goal as opposed to justdetecting the object and reaching out or it.