,];yhkpa ehfupfk; - nie.lk

-I-

,];yhkpa ehfupfk;,];yhkpa ehfupfk;,];yhkpa ehfupfk;,];yhkpa ehfupfk;,];yhkpa ehfupfk;

f.ngh.j cau; juk;f.ngh.j cau; juk;f.ngh.j cau; juk;f.ngh.j cau; juk;f.ngh.j cau; juk;

juk; - 12juk; - 12juk; - 12juk; - 12juk; - 12

Mrpupau; topfhl;bMrpupau; topfhl;bMrpupau; topfhl;bMrpupau; topfhl;bMrpupau; topfhl;b

(2017 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhdJ)(2017 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhdJ)(2017 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhdJ)(2017 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhdJ)(2017 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhdJ)

rkaq;fs; kw;Wk; tpOkpaq;fs; fy;tpj; Jiw

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

=yq;fh

www.nie.lk

-II-

,];yhk;

juk; 12

Mrpupau; topfhl;b

Kjyhk; gjpg;G - 2017

© Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

ISBN :


Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

=yq;fh

,izaj; jsk; ( www.nie.lk

kpd;dQ;ry; [email protected]

gjpg;G :

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

-III-

gzpg;ghsu; ehafk; mtu;fspd; nra;jp

2007 Mk; Mz;L eilKiwapypUe;j cs;slf;fj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l

ghltpjhdj;ij etPdg;gLj;jp> Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;> Muk;g> ,ilepiyf; fy;tpg;

gug;Gfspd; vl;L tUl Row;rp Kiwahd> Gjpa Njrpakl;lg; ghltpjhdj;jpd; Kjy;

ghfj;jpid mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ. Njrpa fy;tp Mizf;FOtpdhy; Kd;nkhopag;gl;l

Njrpa fy;tp ,yf;Ffis mbg;gil Nehf;fhff; nfhz;L> ,J nraw;gLj;jg;gl;lJld;

nghJj; Nju;r;rpfis tpUj;jp nra;J te;jJ.

gy;NtWgl;l fy;tpahsu;fshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Ma;TfspdJk;> fUj;Jf;

fspdJk; nghUj;jg;ghl;Lld; gFj;jwpT thjj;jpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

ghltpjhdk; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. mjd; njhlu;r;rpahfg; ghltpjhdr; Row;rpapd;

,uz;lhk;ghfk; 2015 Mk; Mz;by; ,Ue;J fy;tp Kiwapy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;L

tUfpd;wJ.

,e;jg; gFj;jwpTthj eilKiwapd; fil epiyapy; ,Ue;J cau;epiy tiu

midj;Jg; ghlq;fspYk; xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;l Kiwapy; Nju;r;rpfis tsu;j;njLg;gjw;fhf>

fPopUe;J Nky;Nehf;fpa eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; mZFKiw gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

xNu ghlj;jpd; cs;slf;fj;jpid Vida ghlq;fspYk; kPz;Lk; ghtpg;gjidf;

Fiwg;gjw ;fhfTk;> ghlj;j pd ; Nehf ;fq;fis kl;Lg ;gLj;Jtjw;fhfTk;>

nraw;gLj;jf;$bajhd khztu; ikag; ghltpjhdk; xd;iw cUthf;Fk; Nehf;fpYk;

fpilahd xUq;fpizg;ghdJ nraw;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.

Mrpupau;fspw;F> mtu;fsJ tFg;giwf; fw;gpj;jy;fis topg;gLj;Jtjw;F

mtrpakhd topfhl;Ljy;fis toq;Ftjw;fhfTk;> jq;fisf; fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy;

nraw;ghLfspy; nghUj;jg;ghl;Lld; <LgLj;jpf;nfhs;tjw;fhfTk;> tFg;giw mstPL

fisAk; kjpg;gPLfisAk; nghUj;jkhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjid Nehf;fkhff;

nfhz;L Gjpa Mrpupa topfhl;b E}y;fs; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j topfhl;b.

E}y;fs;> Mrpupaiu xU nghUj;jg;ghLila Mrpupauhf tFg;giwapy; nraw;gl

itf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j topfhl;b E}y;fspD}lhf> Mrpupau;fs; jq;fs; khztu;fspd;

Nju;r;rpfis tsu;j;njLf;fj; Njitahd ju cs;sPLfisAk;> nraw;ghLfisAk;

jhq;fshfNt njupe;njLf;Fk; Rje;jpuj;jpidAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. tpje;Jiuf;

fg;gl;l ghlg;gug;Gf;fspd; ghupa Rikfs; ,y;yhnjhopf;fg;gLfpwJ. Mjyhy;> ,g;Gjpa

Mrpupa topfhl;b E}y;fs; KOg;gad;ghL cilaitahtjw;F> fy;tp

ntspaPl;lhsu;fspdhy;; ntspaplg;gLk; tpje;Jiuf;fg;gl;l ghl E}y;fspd; cr;rg;gad;

ghl;bid ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ mtrpakhfpd;wJ.

,g;Gjpa gFj;jwpTthj ghltpjhdj;jpdJk;> Gjpa Mrpupa topfhl;b E}y;fs;>

-IV-

Gjpa ghlE}y;fspdJk; mbg;gilf; Fwpf;Nfhs;> khztu;fis Mrpupa ikaf;

fy;tpapypUe;J tpLtpj;J> nraw;ghLfSld; $ba khztu; ikaf;fy;tpapid

eilKiwg;gLj;jf;$ba fy;tp Kiwikapdhy;> g+Nfhs njhopy; re;ijfSf;Fj;

Njitahd Nju;r;rpfSk; jpwd;fSk; kpf;f kdpj tsj;jpid toq;ff;$ba khztu;

fspd; vz;zpf;ifapid tpUj;jp nra;af;$bajhapUj;jNyahFk;.

,e;jr; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; ,e;epWtfg; Nguitapd; mq;fj;jtu;fSf;Fk;> fy;tp mYty;fs;

rigapd; mq;fj;jtu;fSf;Fk;> ,t;thrpupau; topfhl;b E}y;fspd; cUthf;fj;jpw;Fg;

gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j tsthsu;fSf;Fk; kw;Wk; ,t;Taupa Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf mu;g;gzpg;Gld;

gzpahw;wpa midtUf;Fk; vdJ ed;wpfisAk; tho;j;Jf;fisAk; njuptpj;Jf;

nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

fyhepjp. jpUkjp. n[ae;jp FzNrfu

gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

kfufk.

-V-

gpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jpgpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jpgpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jpgpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jpgpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jp

fw;wy; vd;gJ gue;J tpupe;J nry;tnjhd;whFk;. mJ tho;f;ifia Nkk;gLj;jTk;

vspikg;gLj;jTk; ty;yJ. kdpjd; fw;Fk; Mw;wypy; cr;r epiyapy; cs;shd;.

kdpj> r%f mgptpUj;jpia ikakhff; nfhz;l xU ehLk; mjd; r%fKk;

mwpthw;wypdhy; ,dq;fz;l> epakkw;wtw;iwf; fistjw;Fk;. ey;ytw;iwg; gz;gLj;jpg;

Gj;Jyifg; gilg;gjw;fhd fUtpaha; miktJ fy;tpahFk;.

fw;wYf;fhfg; ngWkjpkpf;fit vitNah mitAk;> fw;wy; Kiwapay;fSk; trjpfSk;

fy;tpiar; #o cUthjy; Ntz;Lk;. fiyj;jpl;lk;> ghlj;jpl;lk;> topfhl;bfs;> trjp

nra;Nthu; Nghd;witnay;yhk; ,t;tifapNyNa fy;tpj;Jiwapw; Nru;e;J nfhs;fpd;wd.

,yq;if> etPd nry;newpfisAk; gz;ila mUQ;nry;tq;fisAk; fyf;fr; nra;J

jkJ fy;tpf;Nfhyj;ij cUthf;fpf;nfhz;Ls;sJ. rkfhyj; NjitfSf;fika

kWrPuikg;GfspD}lhf vl;L Mz;LfSf;nfhUjlit ,w;iwg;gLj;jg;gLk;

fiyj;jpl;lj;Jf;Fupa xU fw;wy; tskhf ,t;thrpupau; topfhl;bfs; jahupf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

ghlf; Fwpf;Nfhs;fspd; xj;jjd;ikiaj; Njrpa kl;lj;jpy; NgZtJ mtrpakhFk;.

vdpDk;> Mrpupau; topfhl;bapw; jug;gl;Ls;s fw;wy; Kiwapay;fs; rw;NwDk; gprfhJ

mr;nrhl;lhfg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fupitad;W. ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nju;r;rpfs;> Nju;r;rp

kl;lq;fis miltjw;fhfg; ghltplaq;fspd; %yk; fw;ww; NgWfis mz;kpg;gjw;fhff;

fw;wy; Kiwapay;fis Mf;fg+u;tkhdjhf khw;wpaikj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhd Rje;jpuk;

trjp nra;J nfhLg;NghUf;F cz;L vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy. khztuJ milTr;

rjtPjj;ij caupa kl;lj;jpw;F ,l;Lr; nry;y cjTk; kw;Wk; mjw;fhd trjpfisr;

nra;J nfhLf;Fk; MrpupauJ tfpghfj;jpw;F ce;Jjyspg;gjw;fhfj; jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;s

Mrpupau; topfhl;bia Mrpupau;fs; kl;Lkd;wp khztUk; ngw;NwhUk; $lg;

gad;gLj;jyhk;. Fwpj;j ghlj;jpd; ghlE}Yf;Fj; Jizahf mikAk; xU rhjdkhd

,t;thrpupau; topfhl;b> kw;WnkhU ghlE}y; md;W vd;gij mwpe;J ghlE}y;>

Mrpupau; topfhl;b Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; Mrpupau;fs; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

me;je;jg; ghlj;jpd; milT njhlu;gpy;> Njrpa epiyg; guPl;rfu;fshy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;ngWk;

milTfis> khztu;fs; mile;Js;sduh vd;gJ gw;wpg; ghlepiwtpy; tFg;giwapy;

trjp nra;J nfhLg;gtu;fshy; kjpg;gplg; ngWjy; Ntz;Lk;. fspg;g+l;lj;jf;f nrOikahd

gz;ghl;ilf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhd xU fUtpahf ,t;thrpupau; topfhl;b mika

Ntz;Lnkdg; gpuhu;j;jpf;fpd;Nwd;.

rq;iff;Fupa fyhepjp khGy;nfhl Rkduj;d Njuu;

gPlhjpgjp> gpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;

nkhopfs;> khDltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

-VI-

tsg;gq;fspg;G tsg;gq;fspg;G tsg;gq;fspg;G tsg;gq;fspg;G tsg;gq;fspg;G / fiyj;jpl;lf; FOfiyj;jpl;lf; FOfiyj;jpl;lf; FOfiyj;jpl;lf; FOfiyj;jpl;lf; FO

topfhl;lYk; mDkjpAk;topfhl;lYk; mDkjpAk;topfhl;lYk; mDkjpAk;topfhl;lYk; mDkjpAk;topfhl;lYk; mDkjpAk;

fy;tp rhu; mYty;fs; rigfy;tp rhu; mYty;fs; rigfy;tp rhu; mYty;fs; rigfy;tp rhu; mYty;fs; rigfy;tp rhu; mYty;fs; rig

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

,izg;ghf;fk;,izg;ghf;fk;,izg;ghf;fk;,izg;ghf;fk;,izg;ghf;fk;

m\;n\a;f; N[.vk;.n[]hu;m\;n\a;f; N[.vk;.n[]hu;m\;n\a;f; N[.vk;.n[]hu;m\;n\a;f; N[.vk;.n[]hu;m\;n\a;f; N[.vk;.n[]hu;

tpupTiuahsu;


tpla MNyhridtpla MNyhridtpla MNyhridtpla MNyhridtpla MNyhrid

fyhepjp vk;.V.vk;.Rf;upfyhepjp vk;.V.vk;.Rf;upfyhepjp vk;.V.vk;.Rf;upfyhepjp vk;.V.vk;.Rf;upfyhepjp vk;.V.vk;.Rf;up gzpg;ghsu;> esPkpa;ah ,];yhkpa fyhgPlk;>NgUtis

m\;n\a;f; vk;.v];.V.ghupm\;n\a;f; vk;.v];.V.ghupm\;n\a;f; vk;.v];.V.ghupm\;n\a;f; vk;.v];.V.ghupm\;n\a;f; vk;.v];.V.ghup rpNu\;l tpupTiuahsu;>

mwG kw;Wk; ,];yhkpa fw;iffs; Jiw

fiyg; gPlk;> Nguhjidg; gy;fiyf;fofk;

m\;n\a;f; vk;.vk;.k]h`pu;m\;n\a;f; vk;.vk;.k]h`pu;m\;n\a;f; vk;.vk;.k]h`pu;m\;n\a;f; vk;.vk;.k]h`pu;m\;n\a;f; vk;.vk;.k]h`pu; rpNu\;l tpupTiuahsu;/ gPlhjpgjp

mwG kw;Wk; ,];yhkpa fw;iffs; gPlk;

njd;fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf;fofk;> xYtpy;

m\;n\a;f; vk;.up.up];tpm\;n\a;f; vk;.up.up];tpm\;n\a;f; vk;.up.up];tpm\;n\a;f; vk;.up.up];tpm\;n\a;f; vk;.up.up];tp Jiwj; jiytu;> ,];yhkpa ehfupf fw;iffs; Jiw

,yq;if fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf;fofk;

nksytp vk;.up. ,f;ghy;nksytp vk;.up. ,f;ghy;nksytp vk;.up. ,f;ghy;nksytp vk;.up. ,f;ghy;nksytp vk;.up. ,f;ghy; Mrpupa MNyhrfu; - ,];yhk;

nfhOk;G fy;tp tyak;

vOj;jhsu; FOvOj;jhsu; FOvOj;jhsu; FOvOj;jhsu; FOvOj;jhsu; FO

cs;sfcs;sfcs;sfcs;sfcs;sf

m\;n\a;f; N[.vk;.n[]hu;> m\;n\a;f; N[.vk;.n[]hu;> m\;n\a;f; N[.vk;.n[]hu;> m\;n\a;f; N[.vk;.n[]hu;> m\;n\a;f; N[.vk;.n[]hu;> Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;; ;; ;

ntspafntspafntspafntspafntspafm\;n\a;f; vk;.vr;.vk;.G`hupm\;n\a;f; vk;.vr;.vk;.G`hupm\;n\a;f; vk;.vr;.vk;.G`hupm\;n\a;f; vk;.vr;.vk;.G`hupm\;n\a;f; vk;.vr;.vk;.G`hupMrpupa MNyhrfu;>kpDthq;nfhil fy;tp tyak;vk;.vr;.vk;. ehspu;vk;.vr;.vk;. ehspu;vk;.vr;.vk;. ehspu;vk;.vr;.vk;. ehspu;vk;.vr;.vk;. ehspu;

Xa;Tngw;w Mrpupau;.

vk;.v];.vk;. md];vk;.v];.vk;. md];vk;.v];.vk;. md];vk;.v];.vk;. md];vk;.v];.vk;. md];

Mrpupau;> mYj;fk;tPjpa Njrpa ghlrhiy> ju;fh efu;

m\;n\a;f; vk;.vk;.g];Yu; u`;khd;m\;n\a;f; vk;.vk;.g];Yu; u`;khd;m\;n\a;f; vk;.vk;.g];Yu; u`;khd;m\;n\a;f; vk;.vk;.g];Yu; u`;khd;m\;n\a;f; vk;.vk;.g];Yu; u`;khd;

Mrpupau;> ghG];]yhk; K. tp>ehk;GSt.

m\;n\a;f; eth]; ]d_u;jPd;m\;n\a;f; eth]; ]d_u;jPd;m\;n\a;f; eth]; ]d_u;jPd;m\;n\a;f; eth]; ]d_u;jPd;m\;n\a;f; eth]; ]d_u;jPd;

mjpgu;> my; kdhu; Njrpa ghlrhiy>

m\;n\a;f; vk;.vg;.vk;.gh`pk;m\;n\a;f; vk;.vg;.vk;.gh`pk;m\;n\a;f; vk;.vg;.vk;.gh`pk;m\;n\a;f; vk;.vg;.vk;.gh`pk;m\;n\a;f; vk;.vg;.vk;.gh`pk;

Mrpupa MNyhrfu;>kpDthq;nfhil fy;tp tyak;nksytp vk;.vk;. Mg;jPd;nksytp vk;.vk;. Mg;jPd;nksytp vk;.vk;. Mg;jPd;nksytp vk;.vk;. Mg;jPd;nksytp vk;.vk;. Mg;jPd;Mrpupau;> gd;dt K. tp> gd;dt.

vk;.v];.vk;. g+]upvk;.v];.vk;. g+]upvk;.v];.vk;. g+]upvk;.v];.vk;. g+]upvk;.v];.vk;. g+]up

Mrpupau;> my; gj;upah k.tp> f`Nlhtpl

V.]P.vk; K]k;kpy;V.]P.vk; K]k;kpy;V.]P.vk; K]k;kpy;V.]P.vk; K]k;kpy;V.]P.vk; K]k;kpy;

njy;njhl K.k.tp> njy;njhl;il

-VII-

Mrpupau; topfhl;biag; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd MNyhridfs;Mrpupau; topfhl;biag; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd MNyhridfs;Mrpupau; topfhl;biag; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd MNyhridfs;Mrpupau; topfhl;biag; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd MNyhridfs;Mrpupau; topfhl;biag; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd MNyhridfs;

Mrpupau; topfhl;b> ghlj;jpl;lj;ij cupa Kiwapy; mKy;gLj;Jk; nrad;Kiwia

cWjpg;gLj;Jtij ,yf;fhff; nfhz;L jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. kW rPuikf;fg;gl;l

ghlj;jpl;lk; khztu;fsplk; vjpu;ghu;f;Fk; milT kl;lq;fisAk; mjid mile;J

nfhs;Stjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jf;$ba nrad;KiwiaAk; tpsf;FfpwJ. NkYk;

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l milTfs; Fwpj;J kjpg;gpLtjw;Fk; MrpupaUf;F ,J cjTfpwJ.

,e;j Mrpupau; topfhl;b fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghl;ilj; jpl;lkpLk; nghWg;ig KOikahf

Mrpupauplk; xg;gilf;fpwJ. vdNt> Fwpf;fg;gl;l fw;wy; NgWfis mile;J nfhs;tjw;fhf

Mrpupau; nghUj;jkhd fw;gpj;jy; Kiwnahd;iwg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Stjw;fhd

Rje;jpuj;ij ,J toq;Ffpd;wJ.

fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwiaj; jpl;lkpLk;NghJ mwpT> jpwd; khj;jpukd;wp kdntOr;rp

rhu; $Wfspy; khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;Jtij ,yf;fhff; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; mNjNtis ,t;thrpupau; topfhl;b mjw;Fj; Njitahd mbg;gil

mk;rq;fs; Fwpj;J topfhl;Lfpd;wJ.

mj;NjhL cupa Nju;r;rp kl;lj;ij mile;J nfhs;Stjw;fhf tpla cs;slf;fj;ij

toq;Ftjw;Fj; Njitahd fhyg;gFjpiar; RahjPdkhf jPu;khdpj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; Rje;jpuk;

MrpupaUf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; Nju;r;rp kl;lk; kw;Wk; fw;wy; NgWfis

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ghlj;jpd; vy;iyia tiuaWj;Jf;nfhs;tJ ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl

,yFthf mikAk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jypd;NghJ khztu;fspd; Njliy Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhff; FO uPjpahd

nraw;ghLfs; cjTfpd;wd. Fwpg;ghf cau; ju tFg;Gf;fSf;F FOr; nraw;ghLfs;

kpfTk; gaDs;sjhf mikfpd;wd. FOr; nraw;ghLfSf;Fj; Njitahd E}y;fs;

kw;Wk; Vida tsq;fisg; ghlrhiyr; #oypy; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf; $ba epiyapid

Vw;gLj;JtjD}lhfj; jpl;lkplg;gl;l ,yf;if miltij cWjpg;gLj;j KbAk;.

,t;topfhl;b MrpupaUf;fhd topfhl;ly; Fwpg;Gf;fis nfhz;Ls;sNj jtpu

khztu;fSf;fhd Nkyjpf thrpg;Gf;fhdjy;y vd;gijf; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

,f;Fwpg;Gf;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Nkyjpf NjlypD}lhf tplaq;fs;

Kd;itf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ. khztu;fSf;F Rakhd NjlYf;F

topfhl;LtJ Mrpupaupd; nghWg;ghFk;.

fy;tp kWrPuikg;gpd; Clhf vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; kw;wq;fis mile;J nfhs;Sk; tifapy;

khztupd; rpe;jpf;Fk; Mw;wy;> r%fj; jpwd;fs;> jdpahs; jpwd;fs; vd;gtw;iw tpUj;jp

nra;J nfhs;Sk; tifapy; gad;kpf;f fw;gpj;jypd; Clhf rpwe;jnjhU vjpu;fhyr;

re;jjpia cUthf;FtNj vkJ vjpu;ghu;g;ghFk;.

nraw;wpl;lj; jiytu;

-VIII-

cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;

gf;fk;

• gzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jp iii

• gpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jp v

• fiyj;jpl;lf; FO vi

• Mrpupau; topfhl;biag; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd MNyhridfs; vii

• fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghl;Lf;fhd topfhl;ly;fs; 1

-IX-

fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; njhlu;ghd topfhl;ly;

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Mrpupau; topfhl;b - juk; 12 ,];yhkpa ehfupfk;

Nju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rp 1 .01.01.01.01.0 ::::: ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; Njhw;wj;Jf;Fk;,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; Njhw;wj;Jf;Fk;,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; Njhw;wj;Jf;Fk;,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; Njhw;wj;Jf;Fk;,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; Njhw;wj;Jf;Fk;

tsu;r;rpf;Fkhd fhuzpfis Vida ehfupfq;fSld;tsu;r;rpf;Fkhd fhuzpfis Vida ehfupfq;fSld;tsu;r;rpf;Fkhd fhuzpfis Vida ehfupfq;fSld;tsu;r;rpf;Fkhd fhuzpfis Vida ehfupfq;fSld;tsu;r;rpf;Fkhd fhuzpfis Vida ehfupfq;fSld;

xg;GNehf;Fthu;.xg;GNehf;Fthu;.xg;GNehf;Fthu;.xg;GNehf;Fthu;.xg;GNehf;Fthu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 1 .11.11.11.11.1 ::::: ehfupfk;> gz;ghL Mfpa nrhw;gpuNahfq;fSf;Fehfupfk;> gz;ghL Mfpa nrhw;gpuNahfq;fSf;Fehfupfk;> gz;ghL Mfpa nrhw;gpuNahfq;fSf;Fehfupfk;> gz;ghL Mfpa nrhw;gpuNahfq;fSf;Fehfupfk;> gz;ghL Mfpa nrhw;gpuNahfq;fSf;F

,ilNa cs;s NtWghLfis ,dk; fz;L $Wthu;;.,ilNa cs;s NtWghLfis ,dk; fz;L $Wthu;;.,ilNa cs;s NtWghLfis ,dk; fz;L $Wthu;;.,ilNa cs;s NtWghLfis ,dk; fz;L $Wthu;;.,ilNa cs;s NtWghLfis ,dk; fz;L $Wthu;;.

ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs; ::::: 1 01 01 01010

fw;wy; NgWfs;fw;wy; NgWfs;fw;wy; NgWfs;fw;wy; NgWfs;fw;wy; NgWfs; :::::

! rkak;> ehfhpfk;> gz;ghL vDk; gjq;fis tpsf;fp mtw;Wf;fpilapyhd

NtWghLfis ,dq;fhz;ghu;.

! kdpj tuyhw;wpy; gy ehfhpfq;fs; Njhw;wk; ngw;Ws;sikiaAk;

mjw;fhd gpd;dzpiaAk; tuyhw;whjhuq;fSld; Kd;itg;ghh;.

! gpugQ;rk;> kdpjd;> tho;T gw;wpa ,];yhkpa Nfhl;ghLfis

Vida Nfhl;ghLfSld; xg;gpl;L tpsf;Fthh;.

ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;:ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;:ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;:ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;:ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;:

! rkak; vd;w nrhy; tpupe;j nghUisf; nfhz;lJ. mjNdhL mNdf tplaq;fs;

njhlu;GWfpd;wd.

! rkak; vd;w nrhy;> ntt;NtW fhyfl;lj;jpy; ntt;NtW gFjpapduhy; ntt;NtW

nrhw;gpuNahfq;fshy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.

! cNuhk murpay; toq;fpa yj;jPd; nkhop %yk; tpUj;jpaile;j Mq;fpyk;>

gpuQ;R> ];ghdpa> Nghu;j;Jf;Nfa> ,j;jhypa nkhopfspy; Religion vd;w

nrhy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

! cNuhkhdpa Ngr;rhsuhd rp];Nuh> ,e;jr; nrhy; re-legere Mfpa ,uz;L

nrhw;fshy; MdJ vdTk; mr;nrhw;fs; ,uz;Lk; ,ize;J kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk;

thrpj;jy; vd;w fUj;ijj; jUtjhfTk; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;. rpe;jpj;jy; vd;gJ ,jd;

fUj;jhFk;. gf;jpNahL ,iwtid topgLjy; vd;gNj me;jr; nrhy;ypd;

nghUs; vd;gJ kw;nwhU fUj;jhFk;. NkYk; mJ yj;jPd; nrhy;ypypUe;J

gpwe;jnjd;Wk; mjd; nghUs; xd;whfg; gpizjy; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

! rkak; vd;gJ capu; tho;tpd; KOikia cs;slf;fpAs;s xU Jiw vd

nfhk;Nl vd;ghu; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

! kdpj ,dj;jpd; vy;yhr; nraw;ghLfSf;FKupa mwk; rhu;e;j mbg;gilNa

rkak; vd fhe;jpkfhd; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

! rkak; vd;gJ kf;fisg; gf;Ftg;gLj;jf;$baJ. vt;thW ,iwtdplk;

ek;gpf;if itg;gJ vd;gJ rkakhFk;. ,e;j ek;gpf;ifapy; cyf

rkaq;fSf;fpilapy; NtWghLfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. xNu ,iwtid

ek;GNthUk; gy ,iwtu;fis ek;GNthUk; cs;sdu;. ,];yhj;ijg;

nghWj;jtiu Xupiwf; nfhs;if (njs P̀j;) tYthff; filg;gpbf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

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! kw;nwhW tifapy; nrhy;tjhdhy;> fz;Zf;Fg; Gyg;glhj rf;jp kPJk;>

tplaq;fs; kPJk; ek;gpf;if nfhs;tJ rkak; vdyhk;. ,jpy; ,iwtd;

gw;wpa ek;gpf;if kpfg; gpujhdkhdJ. vy;yhr; rkaj;jtu;fSk; ,iwtDf;Fupa

Md;kPf cwTld; rkaj;ijg; gpd;gw;wp tUfpd;wdu;. me;j ek;gpf ;ifapd;

mbg;gilapy; topghLfisAk; nra;J tUfpd;wdu;. mNjNtis> ,iwtid

ek;ghj - kWf;fpd;w ehj;jpfu;fSk; cyfpy; tho;e;J tUfpd;wdu;. ,t;tpU

gFjpahupd; tho;f;if gw;wpa Nfhl;ghl;bYk; eilKiwapy; NtWghLfs;

cz;L.

! gz;ghL> ehfupfk; Mfpa ,uz;L nrhw;fSk; rpyNghJ xj;jfUj;jpYk;

rpyNghJ NtWgl;l fUj;jpYk; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j kaf;fkhd

nrhw;gpuNahfk;> gz;ghL> ehfupfk; gw;wpa tpj;jpahrkhd tiutpyf;fzq;fSk;

tpsf;fq;fSk; Njhd;wf; fhuzkhf mikfpd;wd.

! gz;G vd;w nrhy;ypypUe;J gz;ghL vd;w nrhy; gpwe;jpUf;fpwJ vd;gJ xU

fUj;jhFk;. gz;ghl;ilf; Fwpf;Fk; Culture vd;w nrhy; Cultivation of mind

cs;sj;ijg; gz;gLj;jy; vd;w gz;gpypUe;J gpwe;jjhf vk;. gpf;Njhy;

Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

! K];ypk; gz;ghL vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpdhy; gz;gLj;jg;gl;l cskhw;wj;jpd;

tpisthFk;.

! gz;ghL vd;w gjk; cs;sk;> rpe;jid> czu;TfNshL njhlu;Gila

mk;rq;fisAk;> ehfupfk; vd;w gjk; csg;gz;G> rpe;jid> czu;Tfspd;

gpuj;jpal;r Gwj;Njhw;w ntspg;ghlhd eil> cil> ghtidfs;> mwptpay;

Kaw;rpfs;> mofpay; fiyfs;> rl;lk;> gof;f tof;fq;fs; Mfpatw;iwf;

Fwpg;gjhfTk; fUJfpd;wdu;.

! ehfupfk; vd;gJ gz;ghl;bd; ntspg;ghlhFk;. fhyKk;> #oYk; khw;wkilAk;

NghJ ehfupfj;jpy; khw;wq;fs; epfoyhk;. Mdhy; gz;ghl;by; vj;jifa

khw;wKk; epfohJ. Vnddpy;> kdpjdpd; ,ay;gpy; tuyhw;W khw;wq;fshYk;>

rKjha khw;wq;fshYk; vj;jifa khw;wKk; epfo KbahJ.

! efu tho;tpd; epfo;Tfs; my;yJ ngWNgWfNs ehfupfk; vd ,g;D fy;J}d;

Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. r%f tsu;r;rpapy; Kd;Ndw;wkile;j fl;lj;ij ehfupfk; vDk;

gjk; Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ. eil> cil> ghtid mwptpay; Kaw;rpfs;> mofpaw;

fiyfs;> rl;lk;> r%f gof;f tof;fq;fs; Kjypatw;iw cs;slf;fpa kdpj

,dj;ij ehfupfk; vDk; gjk; Fwpg;gjhf r%ftpayhsu;fs; Fwpg;gpLtu;.

! ehfupfk; vd;gJ Xu; ,dj;jpd; my;yJ tFg;gpdupd; gz;Gfisf; Fwpf;Fk;

xU nghJr; nrhy;yhFk;. mJ fz;fSf;Fg; Gyg;glf;$ba rlg;nghUs;fspd;

mgptpUj;jpiaAk; nghJ tho;tpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;ijAk; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ

vd fyhepjp mkPu;`]d; rpj;jPf;fp Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

! kdpjd;> ngsjpf tsq;fs; (Juhg;)> fhyk; (tf;j;)> Mfpa %d;wpdJk;

$l;bizg;Ng ehfupfk; Njhw;wk; ngwf; fhuzkhf mikfpd;wd. kdpjd;

jd; Mw;wy;fisAk; ngsjpf tsq;fisAk;> fhyj;ijAk; xd;wpizj;J

cupa Kiwapy; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ ehfupfk; cUthfpd;wJ. ehfupfk;

cUthtjw;F jdpkdpj Kaw;rp NghJkhdjy;y. kf;fspd; xl;Lnkhj;j

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Kaw;rpAk; gu];gu $l;LwTk;> ,d;]hd;> Juhg;> tf;j; Mfpa %d;Wk;

,izf;fg;gl;L ehfupfk; cUthtij rhj;jpakhf;FfpwJ vd;fpwhu; khypf;

gpd; egp mtu;fs;.

! tuyhw;wpd; tsu;r;rpg; Nghf;fpy; ehfupfq;fs; Njhd;Wfpd;wd. fhyq;fle;J

nry;y> mtw;Ws; rpy mope;JtpLfpd;wd. Mdhy; me;j ehfupfj;jpd; fyhrhuk;

NtnwhU ehfupfj;jpd; mikg;gpy; Njhw;wnkLf;fpd;wd. vdNt> ehfupfk;

mope;jhYk; fyhrhuk; mopahJ. ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy;> gy;NtW murpay;>

nghUshjhuf; fhuzq;fshy; mjd; ehfupfr; rpd;dq;fs; mopTw;wpUf;fyhk;.

Mdhy;> ,];yhkpa gz;ghl;bd; Md;kh> xt;nthU K];ypkpd; cs;sj;jpYk;

capu; tho;fpd;wJ. mJ xd;wy;y> Xuhapuk; ehfupfq;fis Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;

Nguhw;wy; nfhz;lJ. vdNt> ,];yhkpa gz;ghL vd;gJ tuyhw;wpd; gf;fq;fspy;

J}rp gbe;J kwf;fg;gl;l mj;jpahakd;W. mJ K];ypk;fspd; rpe;jidia -

czu;Tfis fz;Nzhl;lj;ij - ,yl;rpaj;ij newpg;gLj;Jk; khngUk;

Mj;k rf;jpahFk;. kdpj tuyhw;wpy; gy ehfupfq;fs; Njhd;wpAk; mope;Jk;

,Uf;fpd;wd. mit gpuNjrk; rhu;e;jjhf> ,dk; rhu;e;jjhf> FWfpa

fz;Nzhl;lk; rhu;e;jjhf ,Ue;jikahy; ePbf;ftpy;iy. xd;W khwp kw;nwhd;W

Njhd;Wk; epiyapy; mike;jpUe;jd. mit gw;wpAk; RUf;fkhff; fhz;Nghk;.

nkrgNjhkpa ehfupfk;nkrgNjhkpa ehfupfk;nkrgNjhkpa ehfupfk;nkrgNjhkpa ehfupfk;nkrgNjhkpa ehfupfk;

! ,J fp.K. 3500 njhlf;fk; 1500 tiuapyhd fhyj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;wJ.

,jid a+g;gpupB];> ilfpuP]; ejpf;fiu ehfupfk; vdTk; toq;Ftu;;. ,uhf;fpy;

mike;j ,e;ehfupfk; ggpNyhdpahitj; jiyefuhff; nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,q;F

tho;e;Njhu; RNkupau; vdg;gl;ldu;. ,q;F kf;fs; tFg;Gthupahf

gpupf;fg;gl;bUe;jdu;. ,tu;fspd; gpujhd njhopy; tptrhakhFk;. ePu;tsKs;s

gpuNjrkhf ,Ue;jikahy; ePu;g;ghrd trjpfs; nra;ag;gl;bUe;jd. ePu;

topg;ghijfSk; fhy;tha;fSk; fhzg;gl;ld. nrq;fy;> rtu;f;fhuk;

Nghd;witAk; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;ld. nrk;G> jfuk;> jhkpu cNyhfg;

gad;ghLk; fhzg;gl;lJ. mtu;fshy; mikf;fg;gl;l njhq;FNjhl;lk; cyf

mjpraq;fspy; xd;whff; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.

! ,tu;fs; vz;fisAk; vOj;Jf;fisAk; gpuNahfpj;jdu;. ,tu;fsJ vOj;Jf;fs;

Mg;ngOj;Jf;fs; vdg;gl;ld. ehzw;Gy;iy vOJ fUtpahfg; gad;gLj;jpdu;.

,tu;fsJ ̀ Kugpapd; rl;lj;njhFg;G gpugykhdJ. #upad;> kio> kuzpj;Njhu;

vdg; gyiuAk; tzq;Fk; gy;nja;t topghL cilatu;fshf ,Ue;jdu;.

vfpg;jpa ehfupk;vfpg;jpa ehfupk;vfpg;jpa ehfupk;vfpg;jpa ehfupk;vfpg;jpa ehfupk;

! ,J fp.K.3100 Kjy; 1070 tiu fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jid iey;ejp ehfupfk;

vdTk; Fwpg;gpLtu;. ,q;F rhjpg;ghFghL fhzg;gltpy;iy. kf;fs;> NfhJik>

ghu;sp> fha;fwp> goq;fs;> jhdpaq;fs; Kjypatw;iwg; gapupl;ldu;. tzpf

Vw;wpwf;FkjpfspYk; <Lgl;ldu;. cNyhfj; njhopy;> fg;gy; fl;Ljy;> fz;zhb

nra;jy;> gUj;jp cw;gj;jp> nerT> kl;ghz;lk; nra;jy; Nghd;w njhopy;fspy;

<Lgl;ldu;;.

! #upa> tpyq;F topghl;by; <Lgl;ldu;. m]]py;> Xuq; nja;tq;fis topgl;ldu;.

Mtp gw;wpa ek;gpf;if fhzg;gl;lJ. ,we;Njhu; kPStu; vd;w ek;gpf;ifapy;

gpuKfu;fs; kk;kpfspy; itf;fg;gl;ldu;. vz;zwpT fhzg;gl;lJ. Nfj;jpu

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fzpjj;jpy; rpwe;J tpsq;fpdu;. ehl;fhl;bfisAk; jahupj;jdu;. rpj;jpu

vOj;Jf;fisAk; 24 FwpaPLfisAk; gad;gLj;jpdu;. vOJNfhy;fSk;>

fhfpjKk; fhzg;gl;ld. fl;ll rpw;gf; fiyfspy; Nju;e;jpUe;jdu;. fy;yiw

Xtpaq;fisAk; nrJf;fpdu;. ghNuh (gpu;mt;d;) fspd; Ml;rp ,lk; ngw;wJ.

muridj; nja;t topj;Njhd;wnyd ek;gpdu;> murNd rl;lkpaw;WgtuhfTk;

ePjpgjpahfTk; ,Ue;jhd;.

rpe;Jntsp ehfupfk;rpe;Jntsp ehfupfk;rpe;Jntsp ehfupfk;rpe;Jntsp ehfupfk;rpe;Jntsp ehfupfk;

! ,J fp.K. 2700-1750 tiu fhzg;gl;lJ. tlNky; ,e;jpahtpy; mike;jJ.

,q;F tho;e;Njhu; jpuhtplu; vdTk; ehfupfk;> jpuhtpl ehfupfnkdTk;

nrhy;yg;gLfpd;wJ. tptrhak;> tzpfk;> Vw;wpwf;Fkjp Kjypa njhopy;fs;

,lk;ngw;wd. ehzaj;Jf;Fg; gjpyhf vil fw;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. gUj;jp

cw;gj;jpAk; fhzg;gl;lJ. fspkz;> nrk;G> nts;sp cgfuzq;fs; fhzg;gl;ld.

Mil mzpfyd;fSk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. fdkhd RtUk; cau;e;j $iufSk;

nfhz;l tPLfs; fhzg;gl;ld.

! thdtpaypy; Nju;r;rp ngw;wpUe;jdu;. ehl;fhl;bfSk; jahupf;fg;gl;ld. mtu;fs;

,aw;ifia tzq;fpdu;. ngz;nja;t topghL fhzg;gl;lJ. gypaplYk;

gypgPlq;fSk; fhzg;gl;ld. rtq;fs; mlf;fg;gl;ld. eiffSld; mlf;Fk;

tof;fk; ,Ue;jJ.

fpNuf;f ehfupfk;fpNuf;f ehfupfk;fpNuf;f ehfupfk;fpNuf;f ehfupfk;fpNuf;f ehfupfk;

! ,J fp.K. 3000 Kjy; 2000 tiu fhzg;gl;lJ; vnjd;];> ];ghl;lh> nlhupd;

jPg;]; Kjypa efuq;fis cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ. ,q;F tho;e;Njhu; fpNuf;fu;

vdg;gl;ldu;. ,J mwptpaiy mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ. ,J xypk;gpf;

tpisahl;bd; jhafkhfj; jpfo;e;jJ. rpw;gpaUk;> XtpaUk; fhzg;gl;ldu;.

ehlf> ,yf;fpa muq;FfSk; E}yfq;fSk; fhzg;gl;ld. fiy ,yf;fpa

gq;fspg;Gfs; mjpfkhf ,lk;ngw;wd. Nrhf;fpuB];> mup];Nlhly;> gpNsl;Nlh

Kjyhd jj;Jt Qhdpfs; fhzg;gl;ldu;. kdpj cupikfis cs;slf;fpa

rl;lj;njhFg;G E}nyhd;Wk; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,ypal;> xbrp fhtpaq;fSk;

ghlg;gl;ld.

! [Pa]; vd;w flTs; tpoh ,lk;ngw;wJ. ,jd; epidthfNt xypk;gpf;

Nghl;bfSk; ,lk;ngw;wd. gynja;t topghLk; ,lk;ngw;wJ. kf;fshl;rp

mwpKfkhdJ.

cNuhk ehfupfk;cNuhk ehfupfk;cNuhk ehfupfk;cNuhk ehfupfk;cNuhk ehfupfk;

! fpNuf;f ehfupf tPo;r;rpf;Fg; gpd; cNuhk ehfupfk; vOr;rp ngw;wJ. ,j;jhypia

ikakhff; nfhz;L ,J vOr;rp ngw;wJ. [_yparPru;> mf];l]{rPru; MfpNahupd;

fhyq;fspy; ,J nropg;Gw;wpUe;jJ. KjyhtJ kd;ddpd; ngauhy; [{iy

khjKk; ,uz;lhtJ kd;ddpd; ngaupy; Mf];l; khjKk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.

VO Fd;Wfisf; nfhz;l Nuhk; jiyefuhf ,Ue;jJ. r%fj;jpy; Vw;wj;jho;T

fhzg;gl;lJ. cau; Fyj;Njhu; Mlk;gukhf tho;e;jdu;. mbikfs;

nfhLikg;gLj;jg;gl;ldu;.

! tptrhak;> tzpfk;> fhy;eil tsu;g;G Kjypa njhopy;fs; ,lk;ngw;wd.

fg;gy; fl;Lk; njhopy; ,lk;ngw;wJ. fl;llf;fiy rpwe;J tpsq;fpaJ.

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Ftpkhlq;fs; fl;lg;gl;ld. rpw;g Xtpa JiwfspYk; rpwe;J tpsq;fpdu;.

,yf;fpathjpfSk; ftpQu;fSk;> jj;JtQhdpfSk; fhzg;gl;ldu;. ehlf

Mrpupau;fSk;> tuyhw;whrpupau;fSk; fhzg;gl;ldu;. mwptpay; tsu;r;rp

Vw;gl;lJ.

,aw;ifr; rf;jpfisf; flTshff; nfhz;ldu;. [{gplu;> khu;;f;]; Kjypa

nja;tq;fisAk; topgl;ldu;.

! fp.K 500 ,y; kd;duhl;rp ePf;fg;gl;L kf;fshl;rp Muk;gkhdJ. kd;du;fSf;Fg;

gjpyhf rhd;ryu; vdg;gl;Nlhu; gzpahw;wpdhu;fs;. Nkw;F cNuhk NguuR

tPo;e;j NghJ nfhd;];jhe;J Nehgpis jiyefuhff; nfhz;l fpof;F cNuhkg;

NguuR Njhd;wpaJ. ,jid igrhe;jpa NguuR vd;gu;. cNuhk ehfupfj;jpy;

,tu;fspd; gq;fspg;Gk; cz;L. fiy ,yf;fpa Kaw;rpfs; tsu;r;rpAw;wd.

nrd;. Nghy;> Nrhgpah Myaq;fs; gpurpj;jkhdit. [];Bdpad; njhFg;G

,tu;fspd; fhyj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;wJ. rpw;gk;> Xtpak;> je;j ehw;fhyp> E}yl;ilfspy;

Xtpa myq;fhuk; kUj;Jtk;> ,urhadk;> gl;Lj; njhopy; vd;gd rpwe;J

tpsq;fpd.

! NkNy Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s ehfupfq;fNshL ,];yhkpa efhupfj;ij xg;gpl;L Nehf;Fk;

NghJ ehfupq;fs; re;ju;g;g #o;epiyfshy; Njhd;wpaitfshfTk; kdpj

Kaw;rpapd; ePz;lfhy ciog;gpy; cUthfp tsu;e;jitfshfTk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Mdhy; ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; nja;tPf ntspg;ghl;Lf;$lhfTk;

(t p̀) topfhl;lYf;$lhfTk; Njhd;wp tsu;e;Js;sij mtjhdpf;fyhk;. Vida

ehfupfq;fs; ejpg;gLf;iffis ikakhff; nfhz;L cUthf ,];yhkpa

ehfupfk; giytdj;jpy; cUthfp FWfpa fhyj;jpy; tsu;e;jpUf;fpd;wJ. Vida

ehfupfq;fs; cNyhfhaj Nehf;fq;fis kl;Lk; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L Njhd;wp

tsu;e;jjhf mika> ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; ,k;ik> kWik ,uz;ilAk;

,yf;fhff; nfhz;L Njhd;wp tsu;tij mtjhdpf;fyhk;. Vida ehfupfq;fs;

fhy nts;sj;jhy; ms;Sz;L nry;y ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; ,d;Dk;

eilKiwapy; ,Ug;gij mtjhdpf;fyhk;. ,jw;F ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd;

mbg;gilfSk;> newpKiwfSk;> Nfhl;ghLfSk; fhuzkhf mikfpd;wd.

! vy;yh ehfupfq;fSk; cyfpy;jhd; Njhd;wpapUf;fpd;wd. mit kdpj

Njitf ;fhfTk ; > kdpj tho ;it nrk ;ikg ;gLj ;Jtjw ;fhfTNk

Njhd;wpapUf;fpd;wd. Mjyhy; cyfk; gw;wpAk; kdpjd; gw;wpAk;> tho;T

gw;wpAk; njspthd rpe;jidAk;> Nghf;Fk; Njitg;gLfpd;wd. vdNt> ,];yhkpa

ehfupfk; gpugQ;rk;> kdpjd;> tho;T gw;wpj; njspthd tpsf;fj;ijj; jUfpd;wJ.

! gpugQ;rk;gpugQ;rk;gpugQ;rk;gpugQ;rk;gpugQ;rk; vd;w nrhw;gpuNahfk; mz;lruhruk; midj;ijAk; Fwpj;J epw;Fk;.

kw;nwhU tifapy; nrhy;tjhdhy; my;yh`;itj; jtpuTs;s Vida

gilg;Gf;fs; midj;ijAk; ,r;nrhw;gpuNahfk; cs;slf;Fk;.

! gpugQ;rj;ijg; gilj;j my;yh`;> mjd; Xu; mq;fkhd g+kpapy; kdpjid

mtdJ gpupjpepjpahfg; gilj;jhd; ;. me;jg;gpujpepjp jdJ gzpia

epiwNtw;wf;$ba midj;J tsq;fisAk; (ngsjpf tsk;> Md;kPf tsk;>

mwpT tsk;) mtDf;F toq;fpAs;shd;. mjd; %yk; kdpjd;tho Ntz;ba

KiwapidAk; fw;gpj;jhd;. mtw;Ws; gpugQ;rk;> kdpjd;> tho;T gw;wpa

,];yhj;jpd; Nfhl;ghLfs; rpwg;gplk; ngWfpd;wd.

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! gpugQ;rk; jhdhf cUthdJ vd;Nwh xd;wpypUe;J kw;nwhd;W cUthdJ

vd ;Nwh ,];yhk ; $wtpy ;iy. my ;yh`; jd ;id my;ghu pc

(,y;yhikapypUe;J cUthf;Fgtd;) my; fhypf; (gilg;gtd;) vd;W

mwpKfg;gLj;Jfpwhd;. vdNt> gpugQ;rj;ij my;yh ;̀Nt ,y;yhikapypUe;J

cUthf;fpdhd;. ~MFf| vd;w mtdJ fl;lis> xd;iw cUthf;fptpLk; ~~

mtd; vijg; gilf;f KbT nra;jhYk; mjid ~MFf| vd;W

$wpakhj;jpuj;jpy; mJ clNd MfptpLk; (2:117) vd;W my;Fu;Md;

Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

! my;yh`; gpugQ;rj;ij tPzhfg;gilf;ftpy;iy. gyNehf;fq;fNshL

gilj;Js;shd;. ~~thdq;fisAk;> g+kpiaAk; ,itfSf;F kj;jpapy;

cs;sitfisAk; tPZf;fhfg; gilf;ftpy;iy. ,J (tPnzd;gJ)

epuhfupg;gtu;fspd; vz;zNkahFk;. (38:27)

! ,it> gpugQ;rj;jpd; gilg;ghsd; my;yh ;̀Nt vd;gij vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wd.

NkYk; my;yh ;̀tpd; tpUg;gj;jpw;Nfw;gNt gpugQ;rk; ,aq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.

! jd;Dila tl;ltiuf;Fs; (jtwhky;) nry;Yk; #upaDk; (Xu; mj;jhl;rpahFk;.

,J midtiuAk; ed;fwpe;jtDk; kpifj;jtDkhf my;yh`;thy;

mikf;fg;gl;lJ. (36:38)

! gpugQ;rj;jpd; Njhw;wKk; ,af;fKk; jw;nray; epfo;ty;y. khwhf

my;yh ;̀tpdhy; jpl;lkplg;gl;l rPupa xOq;fikg;igf; nfhz;lit. (kdpju;fNs)

ePq;fs; gykhd gilg;gh my;yJ thdkh? mtd;jhd; mt;thdj;ijg;

gilj;jhd;. mtNd mjd; Kfl;il cau;j;jp mjid xOq;FgLj;jpdhd;.

mtNd mjd; ,uit ,Ushf;fp #upaidf; nfhz;L gfiy ntspahf;fp

(ntspr;rkhf;fp)dhd;. (79: 27-30)

! gpugQ;rg; nghUs;fs; ahTk; kdpjDf;fhfNt gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. cyfg;

nghUs;fs; ahTk; mtDf;F trg;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. Vnddpy;

mtd; cyfpy; my;yh`;tpd; gpujpepjp me;jg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg; gzpia

epiwNtw;wf;$ba vy;yh Mw;wy;fSk; mtDf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

! mtd;jhd; g+kpia ePq;fs; trpf;FkplkhfTk;> thdj;ij xU KflhfTk;

mikj;J Nkfj;jpypUe;J kioiag; nghoptpj;J mjidf; nfhz;L (ePq;fs;)

Grpf;ff;$ba fdptu;f;fq;fisAk; cq;fSf;F ntspahf;Ffpwhd;... (2:22)

mtd;jhd; (g+kpiaAk;) g+kpapYs;s midj;ijAk; cq;fSf;fhfg; gilj;jhd;

(2:29)

! Vida ehfupfq;fs; epidg;gJ Nghd;W kdpjd; gupzhktsu;r;rp %yk;

Njhd;wpatdy;yd;. mkPgh Kjy; kdpjf;Fuq;Ffs; tiuapyhd gupzhkj;jpd;

mLj;j fl;lkhf kdpjd; mkutpy;iy. mtd; my;yh ;̀tpdhy; gilf;fg;gl;lhd;.

epr;rakhf (Kjy;) kdpjiu> fspkz;zpd; %yr;rj;jpypUe;J gilj;Njhk;.

(23:12) (Mjikg;gilj;J) MjKf;F vy;yhg; (nghUs;fspd;) ngau;fisAk;

(mtw;wpd; jd;ikfisAk;) fw;Wf; nfhLj;jhd; (2:31) mtidf;

fz;zpag;gLj;jpdhd; (17:70) gpd;du; MjKf;Fj; Jizahf mtu; kidtpiag;

gilj;jhd; (2:35) (kdpju;fNs) cq;fs; midtiuAk; xNu Mj;khtpypUe;J

cw;gj;jp nra;J gpd;du; (cq;fs; je;ijaplk;) jupj;jpUf;fr; nra;J (cq;fs;

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jhapd; fu;g;gj;jpy;) xg;gilj;jtDk; mtNd .. (6:98) vd;nwy;yhk; my;yh`;

kdpjid cUthf;fp> kdpj ,dj;ij tpUj;jpailar; nra;j Kiwapid

my;Fu;Md; njspTgLj;JfpwJ. kl;Lkd;wp mtidg; nghWg;GilatdhfTk;

Mf;fpAs;shd;. ~epr;rakhf ek;Kila nghWg;ig Rke;J nfhs;tPu;fsh|

vd;W ehk; thdq;fs;> g+kp> kiyfs; Mfpaitfsplj;jpy; tpdtpNdhk;.

mjw;F mit gae;J mjidr; Rke;J nfhs;shJ tpyfptpl;ld. mj;jifa

nghWg;igj;jhd; kdpjd; Rke;J nfhz;lhd;. (MfNt) epr;rakhf mtd;

mwpahikahy; jdf;Fj;jhNd jPq;fpioj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;. (33:72)

! ePq;fs; xt;nthUtUk; Nka;g;ghsu;fs;. xt;nthUtUk; mtutu; Nka;g;G

(nghWg;G)g; gw;wp tprhupf;fg;gLtu; (K];ypk;) vd;w egp (]y;) mtu;fspd;

`jP]; kdpjdpd; nghWg;Gzu;it vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

,khuj;,khuj;,khuj;,khuj;,khuj;

! kdpjDf;F fpyhgj;> ,ghjj;> ,khuj; vd;w %d;W gzpfs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

Mjhukhf %d;W my;Fu;Md; trdq;fis kl;Lk; vLj;Jf; fhl;LfpNwhk;.

(kdpju;fNs) cq;fspy; vtNuDk; nka;ahfNt tpRthrq;nfhz;L ew;fUkq;fs;

nra;jhy; mtu;fSf;F Kd;du; nrd;wtu;fisg; g+kpf;F mjpgjpfshf;fpa

gpufhuNk ,tu;fisAk; epr;rakhfg; g+kpf;F mjpgjpfshf;fp itg;gjhfTk;

mtd; tpUk;gpa khu;f;fj;jpy; ,tu;fis ];jpug;gLj;jp itg;gjhfTk;

,tu;fSila gaj;ij mikjpAk;> ghJfhg;Gkhf khw;wptpLtjhfTk;

epr;rakhf my;yh`; thf;fspj;jpUf;fpwhd;. (24:55)

! kdpj tu;f;fj;ijAk;> [pd;tu;f;fj;ijAk; vd;id tzq;Ftjw;fhfNtad;wp

gilf;ftpy;iy. (57:56)

vd;Dila kf;fNs> ePq;fs; my;yh ;̀it tzq;Fq;fs;. mtidj;jtpu NtW

flTs; ,y;iy. mtd; cq;fisg; g+kpapypUe;J gilj;jhd;. me;jg; g+kpia

epUtfpf;Fk;gb cq;fisg; gzpj;jhd; (11:61)

! ,t;thwhd nghWg;Gf;fis epiwNtw;Wk; fskhfNt kdpj tho;T mikfpd;wJ.

~,t;Tyfk; kWikf;Fupa tpisepyk;| vd;gJ egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; ̀ jP]hFk;.

,jd;gb> kdpj tho;T - gpwg;Gf;Fk; ,wg;Gf;Fkpilg;gl;l tho;T - my;yh ;̀tpd;

nghUj;jj;ijg; ngw;wjhf mika Ntz;Lk;. Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;lthW my;yh ;̀

kdpjDf;F mtDila gpujpepjpahf tho;tjw;fhd vy;yh tsq;fisAk;

mUspAs;shd;. GydwpT> gFj;jwpT vd;gtw;Wf;fg;ghy; t`p %ykhd

mwpitAk; ,iwJ}ju;fs; %yk; toq;fpAs;shd;. ,tw;wpd; %yk; tho;it

tsg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. kWikf;fhf ,k;ikiag; gad;gLj;jpf;

nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. vdNtjhd; kWikapy; tprhupf;fg;gLk; ehd;F tplaq;fSk;

- thzhs;> thypgk;> fy;tp> nry;tk; vd;git tho;NthL Neubahfg; gq;F

nfhs;gtdhf mike;Js;sd. Mjyhy; jdpg;gl;l> FLk;g> r%f> Njrpa

tho;tpy; xt;nthUtupdJk; gq;fspg;G ey;yjhf> gaDs;sjhf> kw;wtu;fs;

jpUg;jpailtjhf kWikapy; ew;Ngwspg;gjhf mika Ntz;Lnkd

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

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~~cq;fspy; kpfj;J}a;ikahfr; nray;gLgtu;fs; ahu; vd;W Nrhjpg;gjw;fhfNt

mtd; kuzj;ijAk; tho;itAk; gilj;jpUf;fpd;whd;|| (67:02) vd;W my;Fu;Md;

,jidj; njspTgLj;Jfpd;wJ.

! NkYk;> kdpjd; cyfpy; thog; gilj;jpUf;fpwhNd jtpu> tho;itj;

Jwg;gjw;fhfg; gilf;fg;gltpy;iy. vdNtjhd;> my;yh ;̀ jd; mbahu;fSf;Fj;

Njhw;Wtpj;Js;s myq;fhuj;ijAk;> mtd; toq;fpAs;s J}a;ikahd czTg;

nghUs;fisAk; jil nra;jJ ahu;? ePu ; $Wk;: tpRthrpfSf;F

,itaidj;Jk; ,t;Tyf tho;f;ifapy; cupadthFk;. kWik ehspy; ,it

mtu;fSf;F khj;jpuNk cupait. ,t;thW ehk; ek;Kila trdq;fis

mwpTila r%fj;jhUf;F njspthf tpgupf;fpd;Nwhk;. (7:32)

cyf tho;it kWikf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;F

gpd;tUk; my;Fu;Md; trdk; rpwe;j Mjhukhf cs;sJ.

(cd;dplkpUf;Fk; nghUs;fis vy;yhk; my;yh ;̀Nt cdf;Ff; nfhLj;jhd;.

MfNt> my;yh`; cdf;fspj;jpUg;gjpy; (jhdk; nra;J) kWik tPl;ilj;

Njbf;nfhs;. ,k;ikapy; eP Njbf; nfhz;lJ jhd; cd;Dila ghfk; (vd;gij)

kwe;JtplhNj. my;yh`; cdf;Ff; nfhLj;J> cjtp nra;jthW mjid

(f;nfhz;L gpwUf;F) ePAk; (jhdk; nra;J) cjtp nra;. g+kpapy; eP tp\kk;

nra;a tpUk;ghNj. Vndd;why; tp\kpfis my;yh`; tpUk;Gtjpy;iy. (28:

77)

Nkyjpf thrpg;Gf;F

- `pe;J kjk;> ngsj;jk;> ,];yhk; Xu; xg;gPl;lha;T - C.M.A. mkPd; - Nu\;kh

gjpg;gfk; - jp`hup

- ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; - kWkyu;r;rpapy; K];ypk;fspd; tfpghfk; - m`;kl;

v];]h - c];khd; myp - Fuzin Texts - Dharga Town. (2013)

- ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; - fyhepjp K];jgh ]pgh< (jkpo; nkhopngau;g;;G 1997-

,yf;fpar; Nrhiy - nrd;id

- ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; (1996) - vk;.I.vk;. mkPd; - ,];yhkpf; Gf; `T]; -

nfhOk;G 09

- ,];yhkpa ehfupfKk; gpw ehfupfq;fSk; - vk;.v];.,];kpah Ngfk; -

,];yh`pa;ah ntspaPl;L ikak; 2013

- ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; Njhw;wKk; tsu;r;rpAk; (1982) - vk;.vr;.vk;. ehspu; -

m\;\ghg; ntspaPL - nfhOk;G 10

- ,];yhkpa fiyg; gz;G - K`k;kj; khu;kba+f; gpf;jhy; - rd;khu;f;f

njhz;lu; rig - $j;jhey;Y}u; 1988

- ehisa ehfupfk; - I,II - vk;.vk;.vk;. mf;uk; - ,];yhkpf; Gf;`T]; 2013

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Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 1 .21.21.21.21.2 ::::: ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; mbg;gil vd;w tifapy;,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; mbg;gil vd;w tifapy;,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; mbg;gil vd;w tifapy;,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; mbg;gil vd;w tifapy;,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; mbg;gil vd;w tifapy;

njs`Pj;> up]hyj;> kMj; gw;wp tpsf;Fthu;.njs`Pj;> up]hyj;> kMj; gw;wp tpsf;Fthu;.njs`Pj;> up]hyj;> kMj; gw;wp tpsf;Fthu;.njs`Pj;> up]hyj;> kMj; gw;wp tpsf;Fthu;.njs`Pj;> up]hyj;> kMj; gw;wp tpsf;Fthu;.

ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis ::::: 1 51 51 51515


! ,];yhkpa ehfhpfj;jpd; mbg;gilfshd jt`Pj;> hp]hyj;> kMj;

vd;gtw;iw tpsf;Fthh;.

! ,];yhkpa ehfhpfj;jpd; ngWkhdq;fis tsh;g;gjpYk; fhg;gjpYk;

,t;tbg;gilfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij tpsf;Fthh;.

! kdpj ehfhpj;ij newpg;gLj;Jtjpy; ,t;tk;rq;fspd; mtrpaj;ij

mwpe;J kw;wth;fSf;Fj; njspthf tpsf;fkspg;ghh;.

! ,];yhkpa ehfhpfj;jpd; jdpj;Jtg; gz;Gfis ,dq;fz;L tpsf;Fthh;.

! ,];yhkpa ehfhpfj;jpd; rpwg;gk;rq;fis Vida ehfhpfq;fspypUe;J

gphpj;jwpe;J kjpg;gpLthu;.

! gpw ehfhpfq;fs; ,];yhkpa ehfhpj;jpy; Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fq;fis

,dq;fz;L tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.

!!ehfhpfq;fspd; vOr;rpf;Fk; tPo;r;rpf;Fkhd fhuzq;fis ,dq;fz;L

$Wthu;.


! ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; mbg;gil vd;w tifapy; jt;`Pj; kpfg;gpujhdkhd

mk;rkhFk;. mJ t`p%yk; mUsg;gl;l my;Fu;MidAk; ]{d;dhitAk;

topfhl;bahff; nfhz;lJ. ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; Nfhl;ghLfisAk; nray;

KiwiaAk; my;Fu;MDk; ]{d;dhTNk topelj;Jfpd;wd.

! ,];yhk; jt;`Pij ikakhff; nfhz;lJ. ,jd; fUj;J> midj;Jg;

gilg;Gf;fsJk; %yfu;j;jh my;yh`; xUtd; kl;LNk vd;gij KOikahf

Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjhFk;. my;yh ;̀it %yfu;j;jhthf kl;Lkd;wp jdpj;jtdhfTk;

,ul;rfdhfTk; tzf;fj;Jf;Fk; topghl;Lf;Fk; cupatdhfTk; rl;l

fu;j;jhthfTk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;tij njs`Pj; vd;w gjk; Rl;b epw;fpd;wJ.

my;yh`;tpd; ,uf;fj; jd;ikia njs`Pj; Ug+gpa;aj; %ykhfTk; tzq;fp

topglf;$ba jifikia njs`Pj; cY}`pa;aj; %ykhfTk; tpsf;Ftu;.

njs P̀j;> m];kh t];]pghj; %yk; my;yh ;̀tpd; ngau;fisAk; gz;GfisAk;

ctikg;gLj;jhkYk; kWf;fhkYk; nraypof;fr; nra;ahkYk; cjhuzk;

$whkYk; type;J nghUs; nfhLf;fhkYk; cs;sij cs;sthW Vw;W

my;yh`;it Xu;ikg;gLj;Jtu;.

! midj;ijAk; gupzhk tsu;r;rpf; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; Nehf;Ffpd;w etPd

Ma;Tyfk; ,iwtd; gw;wpa nfhs;ifiaAk; kdpjdpd; gupzhkkile;j

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xUtsu;r;rpahf Kd;itf;f Kay;fpd;wJ. ,J jtwhd fz;Nzhl;lkhFk;.

,iwtd; gw;wpa nfhs;ifapy; Kjy; epiy njs`Pj; MFk;. fhy Xl;lj;jpy;

kf;fs; mf;nfhs;ifapypUe;J tpLgl;L elf;Fk; NghJ my;yh ;̀ (,ilf;fpil)

,iwj;J}ju;fis mDg;gp Gj;Japu; Cl;bapUg;gij my;Fu;Md; (2: 213> 20:

123-124) egpkhu;fspd; tuyhW %yk; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. kdpjDila

Kjw;ghij ~~xd;Nw nja;tk;|| (njs`Pj;) vDk; Neu;g;ghijNa. gpd;dNu

mtd; topjtwptpl;lhd;. vdNt ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; Muha;r;rpfs; vy;yhk;>

kpfg; goq;fhy kf;fs; Kjd;Kjypy; xNu nja;tk; vd;gij ek;gpajhfTk;

\pu;f; nra;atpy;iy vd;gijAk; mwptpf;fpd;wd.

! kdpj Fyj;jpd; Foe;ijg; gUtj;jpNyNa kdpjd; jd; fz;fisj; jpwe;J

jd;idr; Rw;wpAs;s nghUs;fisAk; cyfj;ijAk; ghu;f;Fk; nghOJ

,ay;ghfNt xNu guk nghUs; cz;L vDk; nfhs;ifapy; ek;gpf;if

itf;fpwhd;. Mdhy; gpw;fhyj;jpy;jhd; gy tifahd fw;gidfs; kdpjDila

cs;sj;jpy; Njhd;wp mw;gg; nghUs;fis topglNtz;Lk; vd;Dk; vz;zk;

cz;lhfpaJ. kdpj tuyhw;wpd; gpw;Nghf;fhd epiyapy;> gy flTsu;fis

tzq;Fk; gof;fk; Vw;gl;ljhfj; njupfpwJ. Mjk; (miy) jkf;Fs;Ns xspAld;

gilf;fg;gl;lhu;. Mdhy; mtuJ re;jjpfs; mt;nthspia mizj;J ,Uis

Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhu;fs;. ,f;nfhs;if vfpg;J> fpNuf;fk;> rhy;bah> ,e;jpah>

rPdh> <uhf; ehLfspd; goq;Fb kf;fsplk; fhzg;gLk; gof;f tof;fq;fspypUe;J

mwpag;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt ,aw;ifahy; topfhl;lg;gl;l ,aw;if tho;tpidNa

kdpjd; elj;Jfpd;whd; vd;w cz;ikia mit czu;j;Jfpd;wd vd;W

nksyhdh mGy;fyhk; Mrhj; (jpUkiwapd; Njhw;Wtha; gf;fk; 182)

vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpwhu;.

,jid #uh a+D]pd; 19 tJ trdKk;> #uh 2:13MtJ trdKk;

Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wd.

up]hyj; :up]hyj; :up]hyj; :up]hyj; :up]hyj; :

! nghJthf kdpjDf;Fg; GydwpTk;> gFj;jwpTk; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Mdhy;

mt;tpuz;lhYk; Gupe;Jnfhs;s Kbahj tplaq;fs; gyTk; cs;sd. kdpjdpd;

Ra mwpT gilg;Gfspd; Nehf;fk; gw;wp vj;jifa mwpitAk; mtDf;F

toq;Ftjpy;iy. cjhuzkhf kdpjd; ahu;? vq;fpUe;J te;jhd;? vq;F

Ngha; Nrug;Nghfpwhd;? mtdJ gzp vd;d? gpugQ;rg; gilg;Gf;fspd; ,ufrpak;

vd;d? vd;gd Nghd;w tpdhf;fSf;F kdpjd; jd; Ra mwptpd; %yk; tpil

fhz KbahJ. ,jid my;Fu;Md; njspthfNt Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ~~,itgw;wp

mtu;fSf;F ahnjhU QhdKk; fpilahJ|| (Mjhukw;w) tPz; re;Njfj;ijj;

jtpu (NtW vijAk;) mtu;fs; gpd;gw;Wtjpy;iy. (tPz;) re;Njfk;

ahnjhd;iwAk; cWjpg;gLj;jhJ||(53:28)

! vdNt up]hyj;jpd; %ykhfNt kdpjdpd; cs;sj;jpy; vOk; mbg;gilahd

tpdhf;fSf;F tpil gfu KbAk;;. up]hyj;jpd; %ykhf tho;tpd; ,yf;F

ed;ik jPik gw;wpa mwpT> kdpjdpd; Md;kPfj; Njit> kWik tho;T

gw;wpa tpsf;fk; Kjypatw;iw tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s KbfpwJ.

epr;rakhf cq;fsplk; vd;Dila Neu;top tUk;. vtd; vd;Dila

Neu;topiag; gpd;gw;Wfpd;whNdh mtd; topjtwTk;khl;lhd; el;lkilaTk;

khl;lhd;. vtd; vd;Dila ey;YgNjrq;fisg; Gwf;fzpf;fpd;whNdh

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mtDila tho;f;if epr;rakhf neUf;fbahdjhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. kWik

ehspNy ehk; mtidf; FUldhfNt vOg;GNthk; ( 20 : 123-124)

(Muk;gj;jpy;) kdpju;fs; (midtUk;) xNu ,dj;jtuhfNt ,Ue;jdu;. ew;nra;jp

$Wk;gbAk;> mr;r%l;b vr;rupf;if nra;Ak;gbAk; my;yh`; egpkhu;fis

mDg;gp itj;jhd;. NkYk; mk;kdpju;fSf;Fs; Vw;gLk; fUj;JNtWghLfisj;

jPu;j;J itg;gjw;fhf (rj;jpa) Ntjj;ijAk; mUspdhd;.... (2: 213)

my;yh`; kf;fis Neu;topapy; elj;Jtjw;fhf ,iwJ}ju;fis mDg;gp

itj;jhd;. ,t;tpiwj;J}ju;fspd; tupirapy; K`k;kj; (]y;) mtu;fs; ,Wjpj;

J}juhff; fhzg;gLfpwhu;. mtu;fs; %yk; up]hyj;Jk; EGt;tj;Jk;

g+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;Ltpl;ld. mtu;fNsh my;yh`;Tila J}juhfTk;>

egpkhu;fSf;F Kj;jpiuahfTk; ,WjpegpahfTk; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. (33:40)

! kdpj rKjhak; Gtpapay; uPjpahfg; gpupe;jpUe;j fhyj;jpy; ntt;NtW

gpuNjrq;fSf;F ntt;NtW egpkhu;fs; mDg;gg;gl;bUe;jij my;Fu;Md;

Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. Mdhy; murpay; uPjpahfTk; Gtpapay; uPjpahfTk;

gpsTgl;bUe;j kdpj rKjhak; NguuRfspd; Njhw;wj;jhYk; tu;j;jf

Kaw;rpfshYk; xd;Wglf;$ba tha;g;Gf;fs; mjpfupj;jd. ,jdhy; kdpj

rKjhak; KOtjw;Fkhd up]hyj; nfhLg;gjw;fhd #o;epiy cUthfpaJ.

vdNt fp.gp. Vohk; E}w;whz;by; midtUf;Fkhd xNu up]hyj; toq;fg;gl;lJ.

egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ,Wjp Ntjkhd my;Fu;Midg; Nghjpj;jhu;fs;

mtu;fSf;Fg; gpd; NtW egp Njhd;wNtz;ba mtrpak; ,Uf;ftpy;iy.

Vndpdpy; mtu;fspd; up]hyj; KOikahdjhf ,Ue;jJ. Kd;ida

up]hyj;fSf;F Vw;gl;l nkhopawpahik> njhlu;gpd;ik> ,ilr;nrWfy;>

jpupGgLj;jy; Nghd;w ghjpg;Gfs; egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; up]hyj;jpw;F

Vw;gltpy;iy. my;Fu;Md; kf;fspd; cs;sq;fspy; kddkhfg; gjpe;jpUe;jJ.

VLfspy; vOjpg;ghJfhf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ kl;Lkd;wp mjd; Nghjidfs;

vf;fhyj;jpw;Fk; vy;yh ,lq;fSf;Fk; nghUj;jkhf mike;jpUe;jd. Nkyjpf

Nghjidfs; Njitg;gltpy;iy. eilKiwg; gpur;rpidfSf;fhfj; jPu;Tfis

,[;jp`hj; %yk; ngwg;gLtjw;fhd topfhl;ly; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.

kMj; :kMj; :kMj; :kMj; :kMj; :

! my;yh`; kdpjidg; gilf;FKd; g+kpapy; vdJ gpupjpepjpiag; gilf;fg;

NghfpNwd; (2: 30) vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lJk; m`;J kP]hf;fpy; kdpj capu;fsplk;

cWjpnkhop thq;fpaikAk; (7:172) my;yh ;̀ vijAk; tPzhfg; gilf;ftpy;iy

(45:22) vd;gJTk; tpidf;Fupa $yp gpd;du; toq;fg;gLk; vd;w thf;FWjpAk;

(45:22) tho;T xU Nrhjid (67:2) vd;gJTk; kdpj tho;T gw;wpa xU

tprhuiz cz;L vd;gij vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. ,it kl;Lkd;wp kdpjd;

nghWg;Gld; nraw;glTk;> my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisg;gb nray;gLtij epiy

epWj;jTk;> kdpju;fsJk;> my;yh ;̀tpd; Vida gilg;Gf;fsJk; cupikfisg;

Ngzp tuTk; kWik tprhuizapd; Njit mtrpag;gLfpd;wJ. kuzj;NjhL

tho;T Kw;Wg; ngWtjpy;iy vd;gijAk; mJ nrhy;ypitf;fpwJ. vdNt>

gbKiwahd xU epiyapy; - kuzk;> MyKy; gu;]f;> kPs vOg;Gjy;>

tprhuiz> Rtu;f;f euf tho;T vd;wthW mJ Vw;glg; Nghfpd;wJ vd;w

ek;gpf;if ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijf; fsq;fg;gLj;jhky; fhf;fpd;w Xu;

mk;rkhfTk; cs;sJ.

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Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 1 .31.31.31.31.3 ::::: Vida ehfupfq;fNshL xg;G Nehf;fp ,];yhkpaVida ehfupfq;fNshL xg;G Nehf;fp ,];yhkpaVida ehfupfq;fNshL xg;G Nehf;fp ,];yhkpaVida ehfupfq;fNshL xg;G Nehf;fp ,];yhkpaVida ehfupfq;fNshL xg;G Nehf;fp ,];yhkpa

ehfupfj;jpd; rpwg;gk;rq;fis vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;ehfupfj;jpd; rpwg;gk;rq;fis vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;ehfupfj;jpd; rpwg;gk;rq;fis vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;ehfupfj;jpd; rpwg;gk;rq;fis vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;ehfupfj;jpd; rpwg;gk;rq;fis vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;



! ,];yhkpa ehfhpfk; nja;tPfj; jd;ikAk; (ug;ghdpa;ah) G+uzj;JKk;

(\{%ypa;ah) nfhz;lJ vd;gij mwpe;J tpgupg;ghu;.

!"",];yhkpa ehfhpfk; eLepiyj;jd;ik> rh;tNjrj; jd;ik Nghd;w

rpwg;Gf;fisf; nfhz;lJ vd;gij tpsf;Fthh;.

! kdpj eyd; fhj;jYk; Nkk;gLj;jYk; ,];yhkpa ehfhpfj;jpd; cah;e;j

gz;Gfs; vd;gij czh;e;J nraw;gLthu;.


! ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; vd;gJ Vida ehfupfq;fs; midj;jpypUe;Jk; NtWgl;lJ.

Vida ehfupfq;fisg; nghWj;jtiu mit> fhyk;> ,lk;> ,dk;

Nghd;wtw;why; RUf;fg;gl;lit. kdpj rpe;jidapd; ntspg;ghlhf mike;jit.

fhy> #o;epiyf;Nfw;g khwpait my;yJ nghUj;jkw;wnjdf; fz;l NghJ

kiwe;J Nghdit. rhjdq;fSf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLg;git.

! ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; ru;tNjrkakhdJ> tpupthdJ> t`papd; topelj;jyhy;

cUthf;fg;gl;L gf;Ftg;gLj;jg;gl;L tsu;tJ> kw;nwhU tifapy;

nrhy;tjhdhy;> kdpjid ikag;gLj;jp> mtdJ tho;it newpg;gLj;j

topfhl;LtJ. ,k;ik eyid kl;Lkd;wp kWik eyidAk; ,yf;fhff;

nfhz;lJ. fhy #o;epiyf;F mg;ghw;gl;lJ. cyf kf;fs; ahtUf;Fk;

mUshff; fpilf;fg;ngw;wJ. ew;gz;GfisAk;> kdpj eyd;fisAk; ghJfhg;gJ.

Rje;jpuk;> rkj;Jtk;> rNfhjuj;Jtk; Nghd;w cau; gz;Gfisf; nfhz;lJ.

mjd; fiy> ,yf;fpa Kaw;rpfs; $l mwnewpapy; mike;jit. kdpjid

kdpjd; mbikahf;Fk; epiyapypUe;J> kdpjid mtidg; gilj;Jg;

gupghypf;Fk; ,iwtdpd; mbahdhf tho toptFg;gJ.

! ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; %y Cw;whf my;Fu;Md;> my;yh`;it ug;Gy;

MykPd; vdTk; egp (]y;) mtu;fis u`;kjd; ypy; MykPd; vdTk;

mwpKfg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

! cyFf;F kl;Lky;y> gpugQ;rj;jpYs;s Vida midj;Jf;Fk; my;yh`;

ug;ghf cs;shd;. mNj Nghd;W egp (]y;) mtu;fSk; KOg; gpugQ;rj;Jf;Fk;

mUshf cs;shu;fs;. kdpj r%fj;Jf;F topfhl;bahf epd;W mtu;fs;

fhl;bf; nfhLj;j tho;T Kiw Xu; mUshf ,Ug;gNjhL> gpugQ;rg;

gilg;Gf;fSf;Fk; mJ mUshf cs;sJ. cjhuzkhf> kdpjd; kPJ

tpjpahf;fg;gl;Ls;s `{$Fy; ,ghj; vd;gJ vy;yhg; gilg;Gf;fsJ

cupikfisAk; toq;f Ntz;Lnkd;gijr; Rl;bf; fhl;LfpwJ.~j[;yh ejpf;

fiuapy; Xu; Ml;Lf; Fl;b rWf;fp tpOe;jhYk; mjw;F ehd; gjpy; $w

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Ntz;Lnkd;w fyPgh cku; (uop) mtu;fspd; $w;iwAk;> iey; ejp tw;wpa

NghJ> kdpjg; gyp %yNk mjidg; ngUf;nfLf;fr; nra;a KbAnkd

vfpg;jpa kf;fs; ftu;du; mk;u; ,g;Dy; M]; (uop) mtu;fsplk; nrhd;d

NghJ> fyPgh iey; ejpf;Ff;fbjk; vOjpg; ngUf;nfLf;fr; nra;j

nraw;ghl;ilAk; ,jw;F Mjhukhff; $wyhk;.

! ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; toq;fpAs;s flikfSk; cupikfSk; vy;NyhUf;Fk;

nghJthdit. #jhLtJk;> kJ mUe;JtJk; ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpy;

thOfpd;wtu;fSf;F kl;Lk; jil nra;ag;gltpy;iy. mit vy;yh ehfupf

r%fq;fSf;Fk; nghUj;jkhdit. rkaj;Jf;F ntspNa r%f Nehf;fpy;

mtjhdpg;gtu;fs; ,jid Vw;Wf;nfhs;shkypy;iy. ,t;thNw \uPmj;jpy;

mike;Js;s nefpOk;> nefpohg; gz;GfisAk; Nehf;fyhk;. kdpj tho;T

,lj;jhNyh> fhyj;jhNyh khw;wkila Ntz;ba epu;g;ge;jj;jpw;F cl;gLk;

#o;epiyapy; nefpo;tjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;l Kiwfisf; ifahs;tjd;

%yk; NtWghl;ilj; jtpu;f;fyhk;. \uPmj;jpy; ,[;jp`hjpd; gzpahf ,J

eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. jiyikj;Jtj;ij Vw;gLj;jy;> mjw;Ff;

fl;Lg;gLjy;> MNyhrid $Wjy; Nghd;wtw;iwAk; ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd;

ru;tNjr epiyia cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;Fr; rhd;whff; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;. vg;NghJ

mbg ;gil topfhl ;ly ;fs ; my;yJ nefpoh mk ;rq ;fs ; nefpo

itf;fg;gLfpd;wdNth mg;NghJ ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; jsu;Tw;wij kWf;f

KbahJ. ,e;jpahtpy; ,lk; ngw;w K];ypk; Ml;rpia ,jw;F cjhuzkhf

Fwpg;gplyhk;.

! jt;̀ Pj;> gpsTgl;l ,iwikj;Jtj;jpypUe;J kdpj r%fj;ijg; ghJfhf;fpd;wJ.

up]hyj;> gpsTz;l jiyikj;Jtj;jpypUe;J ghJfhf;fpd;wJ. kMj;>

vr;rupf;ifAldhd xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l tho;f;if Kiwf;F topfhl;Lfpd;wJ.

! ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; gw;wp tpku;rpf;fpd;w fPioj;Nja Ma;thsu;fs;> mJ

Kjypy; rkakhfTk; gpd;du; murhfTk; mLj;J ehfupfkhfTk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdu;.

,J gpioahdnjhU tpsf;fkhFk;. kdpjd; Kjypy; Foe;ijahfTk; gpd;du;

thypgdhfTk; mLj;J KjpatdhfTk; tho;e;jhd; vd;gJ cz;ik. Mdhy;

me;jf; Foe;ij kdpjdhfNt gpwe;jJ. kdpjdhfNt tsu;e;jJ. kdpjdhfNt

Kjpu;r;rp ngw;wJ vd;gij vtUk; kWf;f khl;lhu;fs;. Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;lJ

Nghd;W t`papd; topfhl;lypy; mJ Njhw;wk; ngw;wjhy; mtu;fs; nfhz;bUe;j

ek;gpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy; mJ rkakhfj; njupe;jJ. `p[;uj;jpd; gpd;du;

murpay; vOr;rp ngw;wNghJ mJ mtu;fSf;F murpayhfj; njupfpd;wJ.

vdNt mtu;fs; mzpe;jpUe;j fz;zhbahy; ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ij

Nehf;fpdhu;fs;. ,];yhk; rkakhfTk; ,Ue;jJ> murpayhfTk; ,Ue;jJ>

ehfupfkhfTk; ,Ue;jJ.

! ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; ru;tNjrkakhdJ vd;gij cz;ikg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf

me;ehfupfj;jpd; jdpkdpj> FLk;g> r%f> Njrpa> ru;tNjr topfhl;ly;fs;

midj;Jk; Mjhukhf epw;fpd;wd. Vida ehfupfq;fis mtjhdpf;Fk;

NghJ mit Fwpg;gpl;l xU gFjpf;F mOj;jk; nfhLf;fg;gLtij

mtjhdpf;fyhk;. cjhuzkhf> ,e;J ehfupfj;jpy; Md;kPfKk;> cNuhk

ehfupfj;jpy; ,uhZtKk;> fpNuf;f ehfupfj;jpy; mwptpaYk; Kjd;ik

ngWfpd;wd. Mdhy; ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpy; ,itaidj;Jk; ,ize;J

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nghJ tho;Tf;fhd topfhl;ly; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjpy; Md;kPfk; cz;L.

mwptpaYk; cz;L. fy;tpAk; cz;L. fyhrhuKk; cz;L. murpaYk; cz;L.

vdNt jhd; murpaiy ,oe;j NghJk;> ,uhZt gytPdg;gl;lNghJk;>

mwptpaypy; Njf;fkile;jNghJk; ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; epd;Wgpbj;jJ. `p[;up

40 ,y; fpyhgj; tPo;e;jhYk;> 655 ,y; mg;gh]pa Ml;rp xopf;fg;gl;lhYk; ̀ p.

1343,y; c];khdpa Ml;rp tPo;r ;rpAw;whYk; ,];yhkpa ehfupfk;

tPo;r;rpAwtpy;iy. mJ NehAwyhk;> jsu;Twyhk; Mdhy; kiwe;JtplhJ.

! ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; kdpjdpd; Ra mwptpdhy; kl;Lk; cUthd ehfupfkd;W.

mJ t`papd; topfhl;lypy; cUthfp tsu;fpd;w xU ehfupfkhFk;. Mjyhy;>

,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpy;> kdpjDf;Fk; ,iwtDf;Fkpilapyhd njhlu;G

,Wf;fkhdJ.

! kdpjidg; gilj;jtd; vd;wtifapy; kl;Lkd;wp> g+kpapy; mtid my;yh ;̀tpd;

gpujpepjpahf mku;j;jg;gl;Ls;sikAk; mtDf;Fk; kdpjDf;Fkpilapyhd

njhlu ;ig tYg ; gLj ;Jf pd ; wJ . my ;yh` ;it VfdhfTk ; >

tzf;fj;jpw;FupatdhfTk;> rl;lkpaw;WgtdhfTk;> topfhl;LgtdhfTk; Vw;fpd;w

,];yhkpa ehfupfk; mtDld; vg;NghJk; njhlu;G nfhz;ljhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

my;yh ;̀it ek;Gjy;> mtdJ topfhl;Ljiy Vw;Wf; nfhs;sy;> gpuhu;j;jpj;jy;

Nghd;w gy;NtW topfspy; ,iwtDf;Fk; kdpjDf;Fkpilapyhd cwTk;>

njhlu;Gk; gykhdjhf cs;sd. ,jw;fhf gy;NtW ,ghjj;Jf;fisAk; ,];yhk;

tFj;jspj;Js;sJ. my;yh`; kdpjdpd; gplup euk;igtpl kpf neUf;fkhf

,Uf;fpwhd; vd;W my;Fu;Md; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,e;j neUf;fkhd gz;Ng

ug;ghdpah vd;gij ntspf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

! ePq;fs; my;Fu;Midf; fw;Wf; nfhLg;gjd; %yKk; mjidf; fw;gjd; %yKk;

,ul;rfidr; rhu;;e;jpUq;fs; (3:79) vd;W my;Fu;Md; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. ,jd;

fUj;J> topfhl;lypYk;> mbg;gilapYk;> Nehf;fj;jpYk;> ,yl;rpaj;jpYk;

wg;ghfpa my;yh ;̀itr; rhu;;e;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;. mtidNa wg;ghf

Vw;fpNwhk;.

! ahu; ,];yhk; my;yhjij gpd;gw;WfpwhNuh mJ kWikapy; Vw;fg;glkhl;lhJ.

epr;rakhf ,j;jifNahu; e\;lthspfshfNt ,Ug;gu;(3:85) vd;w my;Fu;Mdpd;

fUj;J> ug;ghdpahf ,Uf;fhjtd;> ,k;ikapy; ntspg;ghu ;itf;F

vg;gbj;njupe;jhYk; kWikapy; ntw;wpaila khl;lhd; vd;gjhFk;. vdNt

ug;ghdp vdg;gLk; K];ypk;> t`papd; mwpTWj;jYf;Nfw;g jdJ tho;itj;

jPu ;khdpj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.. mt;twpTWj;jy; Fu;MdhfNth>

]{d;dhthfNth ,Uf;fyhk;.

! me;j tifapy;jhd;> my;Fu;MDk; ]{d;dhTk; ,d;WtiuAk;> ,jw;F mg;ghYk;

ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. ehNk ,t;Ntjj;ij ,wf;fpNdhk;. ehNk mjidg;

ghJfhg;Nghk; (15:09) vd;W my;Fu;Md; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. t`p ,wq;f

Muk;gpj;jjpypUe;J ]`hghf;fs; mjid kddkpl;lhu;fs;> vOjpAk; te;jhu;fs;.

mt;thNw ]{d;dhtpd; ntspg;ghlhhd ̀ jP];fisAk; kddkpl;Lk; vOjpAk;

te;jhu;fs;. njhlu;e;J te;j xt;nthU guk;giuAk; ,d;Wtiu my;Fu;MidAk;>

]{d;dhitAk;> ]`hghf;fspd; topKiwiaAk; fw;Wk;> fw;gpj;Jk;>

ghJfhj;Jk; te;Js;sik kWf;f Kbahj cz;ikahFk;. Mjyhy;> mjw;F

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Kd;du; ,wf;fg;gl;l NtjfUj;JfSf;F Vw;gl;lJ Nghd;w jpupGfs;> ,ilr;

nrUfy;fs; Nghd;wd Vw;gltpy;iy. Vnddpy; my;yh ;̀tpdJk;> u]{ypdJk;

topKiwia K];ypkpd; rpe;jid> nray; Mfpa ,uz;bYk; gpd;gw;wpdhyd;wp

ug;ghdpahf tho Kbahnjd;gJ mwpe;J itf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.

! ug;ghdpapd; rpe;jidAk; nraw;ghLk;> <khDk; mkYk; xd;wpj;jjhf ,Uf;f

Ntz;LNkad;wp gpupe;jpUf;f KbahJ. mtd; Vw;Wf;nfhz;l rpe;jid

,];yhkhfTk;> nraw;ghL Ntnwhd;whfTk; ,Uf;f KbahJ.

! kWjiyahf> rpe;jid Ntnwhd;whfTk;> nraw;ghL ,];yhkhfTk; ,Uf;f

KbahJ. xUtu; K];ypkhf ,Ue;J nfhz;L fk;a+dp];lhf ,aq;f KbahJ.

,e;j epiyg;ghLjhd;> ,];yhk; mwpKfkhd fhyj;jpy; epytp te;j> murpay;>

r%f> nghUshjhu> fy;tp> fyhrhu Nehf;FfspypUe;Jk; Nghf;fpypUe;Jk;

NtWgl;l ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; tsu;r;rpAwf;fhuzkhf mike;jpUe;jJ.

! vdNtjhd;> ePq;fs; Ntjj;jpd; xU gFjpia Vw;W> kWgFjpia

epuhfupf;fpd;wPu;fsh? cyfpy; ,opTk; kWikapy; Nehtpid jUk; jz;lidANk

,jw;fhd $yp (2:85) vd my;Fu;Md; vr;rupf;fpd;wJ. Mjyhy; ug;ghdp

vd;gtd;> vy;yh tplaq;fspYk; ,];yhkpa fz;Nzhl;lKilatdhf ,Uf;f

Ntz;Lnkd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;whd;. ,iwtDf;nfhd;W> kdpjDf;nfhd;W

vd;w ,ul;il epiyg;ghl;by; - Kf];Jjpaha; tho;tjw;F ,];yhkpa

ehfupfj;jpy; ,lkpy;iy. midj;Jr; nraw;ghLfSk; vz;zq;fis

(epa;aj;ij)f; nfhz;Nl jPu;khdpf;fg;gLfpd;wd (Gfhup)

! ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; ug;ghdpaj;ij typAWj;Jk; mNj Neuj;jpy; \{%ypa;a

vd;w KOikj;Jtj;ijAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,jd; fUj;J jdpegu; tho;T>

FLk;g tho;T> r%f tho;T> Njrpa tho;T Mfpa midj;jpYk;

KOikj;jd;ikia vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;wJ vd;gjhFk;. Xu; ,dj;Jf;Nfh>

nkhopapdUf;Nfh> gpuNjrj;jpdUf;Nfh> fhyj;jpdUf;Nfh md;wp midtuhYk;

gpd;gw;wj;jf;f ehfupfkhf cs;sJ.

! jdpkdpjidg; nghWj;jtiu> Foe;ijahf> gps;isahf> thypgdhf> FLk;g

cWg;gpduhf> FLk;gj;jiytdhf - MzhapDk;> ngz;zhapDk; jdJ

tho;f;ifg; ghj;jpuj;ij KOikahf nra;JKbf;f Ntz;ba KOikahd

topfhl;Ljiy ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. tpRthrpfNs> ,];yhj;jpy;

ePq;fs; KOikaf Eioe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. (2:208) vd;Nw my;Fu;Md;

Ntz;LNfhs; tpLf;fpd;wJ.

! vdNt> kdpjdpd; Md;kPf Njitfs; Nghd;Nw cyfpay; NjitfisAk;

mDgtpf;ff;$ba (tiuaWf;fgl;l) Rje;jpuk; mq;Nf toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

mJ kdpj rKjhak; vd;w fz;Nzhl;lj ;j pNyNa mjd; KOr;

nraw;ghLfisAk; Kd;itf;fpd;wJ. Vty;fis Kd;itf;Fk; NghJk; rup>

tpyf;fy;fis jtpu;e;J nfhs;SkhW vr;rupf;Fk; NghJk;rup kdpju;fNs>

tpRthrpfNs vd;W jhd; tpspf;fpd;wJ.

! kdpju;fNs> cq;fs; midtiuAk; epr;rakhf ehk; xNu Mz; xNu

ngz;zpypUe;Jjhd; gilj;Njhk; (49:13) (kw;Wk;-4:170>7:158)

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tpRthrpfNs> mNdfkhd re;Njfq;fspypUe;J tpyfpf; nfhs;Sq;fs; (49:12)

vd;w ,U trdq;fisAk; ,jw;F cjhuzkhff; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

! ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; g+uzj;JtKilaJ vd;gij> egp (]y;) mtu;fspd;

,Wjp `[;[pd; NghJ mUsg;gl;l my;Fu;Md; trdq;fs; njspthfNt

Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wd. ,d;iwa jpdk; ehk; cq;fSf;F khu;f;fj;ij KOikahf;fp

itj;J vd;Dila mUisAk; cq;fs; kPJ KOikahf;fp itj;Jtpl;Nld;.

(5:3) ,t;thNw egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; `jP]{k; me;jg; g+uzj;Jtj;ij

vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ~Kd;ida egpkhu;fSf;Fk; vdf;Fkpilapyhd cjhuzk;

xU fl;llj;jpd; xNu fy; g+uzg;gLj;jg;glhj epiyapy; ,Ue;jik Nghd;wjhFk;.

mf;fl;llj;ijg; g+uzg;gLj;j Ntz;ba fy;yhf ehd; cs;Nsd;. vy;yh

egpkhu;fsJk; njhluhf te;j ,Wjpj; J}juhf ehd; cs;Nsd; (Gfhup)

! kdpjd;> cly;> mwpT> Md;kh Mfpa %d;wpdhYkhdtd;. ,e;epiyapy;

clYf;F khj;jpuNkh my;yJ cs;sj;jpw;F khj;jpuNkh my;yJ Md;khTf;F

khj;jpuNkh Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;J> Vida ,uz;ilANkh> xd;iwNah

Gwf;fzpg;Nghkhapd; mJ g+uzkhfhJ. %d;Wk; rkepiyapy; tsu;f;fg;gl

Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;wJ.

! nghJthf vy;yh ehfupfq;fspYk; ,iw ek;gpf;if my;yJ topghL

fhzg;gl;lhYk; mtw;wpy; ,iwtd; gw;wpa g+uzkhd Kbitf; fhzKbahJ.

rpyu; ,iwtd; cz;L vd;gu;. rpyu; mg;gb xd;W ,y;iy mJ fw;gid

vd;gu;. rpyu; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l flTs;fis tzq;Ftu;> topgLtu;. ntt;NtW

nraw;ghLfSf;fhf ntt;NtW flTsiu vjpu;ghu;g;gu;. ,itaidj;Jk; flTs;

gw;wpa KOikahd fUj;ij Kd;itf;ftpy;iy. ,];yhk; kl;LNk njs P̀j;

vd;w KOikahd flTs; nfhs;ifia Kd;itj;Js;sJ.

! xOf;fj;ijg; nghWj;jtiuapYk; nghJthdnjhU xOf;fepajpia Vida

ehfupfq;fs; Kd;itg;gjpy;iy. vJ xOf;fk; vd;gjpy; fUj;J NtWghL

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. rpyu; xOf;fkhff; nfhs;tij kw;Wk; rpyu; Vw;Wf;

nfhs;tjpy;iy. ,jdhy; xOf;fj;ij ,dk;fhz;gNj rpukkhf ,Uf;Fk;.

Mdhy; ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; xOf;fj;ij tiuaWj;Jk; vy;NyhUf;Fk;

nghJthdjhfTk; vLj;Jk; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

! mwpitg; nghWj;jtiuapy; vJ mwpT vd;gjpy; fUj;J NtWghL

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. nghJthf Vida ehfupfq;fs; GydwpitAk; gFj;jwpitAk;

Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;wd. vdpDk; Gydwptpd; my;yJ gFj;jwptpd; ve;j mk;rq;fis

Vw;Wf; nfhs;tJ? ve;j mk;rq;fis epuhfupg;gJ vd;gjpy; fUj;J NtWghL

cz;L. ,];yhkpa ehfupfNk ,t;tpU mwpitAk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;w mNj

Neuj;jpy; ,tw;Wf;fpilapy; re;NjfNkh Kuz;ghNlh fhzg;gLk; NghJ mjid

curpg;ghu;g;gjw;fhf t`p mwpT vd;w kw;Nwhu; mwpitAk; toq;fpapUf;fpd;wJ.

,jdhy; re;Njfkpd;wp mwpitg; gad;gLj;jf; $ba tha;g;Gf; fpilf;fpd;wJ.

mwptpy; KOikj;Jtj;ij vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

! t`pia Vw;fpd;w mNj re;ju;g;gj;jpy; t`pawpit tpupTgLj;j gFj;jwpitg;

gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd topAk; ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpy; cz;L. ,jw;F ,[;jp̀ hj;

rpwe;j eilKiw cjhuzkhFk;.

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! kw;nwhU tifapy; nrhy;tjhdhy; rpy ehfupfq;fs; nefpohj; jd;ikAldpUf;f>

kw;Wk; rpy nefpOk; jd;ikAld; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. nefpOk; jd;ikf;F

Kd;Dupik toq;Fk; ehfupfq;fspy; epue;juj;jd;ikiaf; fhzKbahJ.

nefpohj; jd;ikf;F Kd;Dupik nfhLf;Fk; ehfupfq;fs; #o;epiyf;Nfw;g

jd;id tsu;j;Jf; nfhs;s Kbahky; jpz;lhlyhk;. vdNt nefpOk;> nefpohj;

jd;ikfis xd;wpizj;J KOikahd ehfupfkhf ,];yhkpa ehfupfk;

mike;Js;sJ.

! kdpjd; vg;NghJk; eLepiyj; jd;ikiaNa tpUk;Gfpwhd;. ntg;gkhd

#oiyNah> Fspuhd #oiyNah tpUk;ghj kdpjd;> ,uz;bw;Fkpilg;gl;l

kpjkhd #oiyNa tpUk;Gfpd;whd;. vdNt> ,];yhkpa ehfupfKk;

eLepiyahd Nghf;ifNa kdpjDf;F toq;fpapUf;fpd;wJ. Mjyhy;> ,];yhkpa

ehfupfj;Jf;F cl;gl;l r%fj;ij ck;kjd; t]jd; - eLepiyahd rKjhak;

(2:143) vd;W my;Fu;Md; Fwpj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

! khu;f;fj;jpy; kpjkpQ;rpa jd;ik Fwpj;J vr;rupf;ifahf ,Uq;fs;. cq;fSf;F

Kd;nrd;w kf;fs; kpjkpQ;rpa jd;ik fhuzkhf mopTf;Fs;shdhu;fs;.

(m ;̀kj;) vd;w ̀ jP]; ck;kjd; t]jd; vd;gjw;F tpsf;fkhf mikfpd;wJ.

! my;Fu;Md; u`;khDila ey;ybahu;fs; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLifapy;> ~md;wp

mtu;fs; jhdk; nfhLj;jhy; msT fle;Jk; nfhLj;Jtpl khl;lhu;fs;.

fQ;rj;jdKk; nra;a khl;lhu;fs;. ,jw;F kj;jpa juj;jpy; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

(25:67) vd;W eLepiyj; jd;ikiag; NgZtJ ey;ybahu;fspd; gz;G vdf;

Fwpj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,jd; tpsf;fj;ij kw;nwhU Nfhzj;jpy; vLj;Jf;

fhl;Lk; NghJ> (cq;fSila nghUs;fspy; vijANk nryT nra;ahJ)

md;wp (cq;fsplk; ,Ug;gij vy;yhk; nfhLj;J cq;fSila ifia

Kw;wpYk; tpupj;JtplhjPu;fs;. Mjyhy; ePq;fs; epe;jpf;fg;gl;ltu;fshfTk;>

Kilg;gl;ltu;fshfTk; jq;fp tpLtPu;fs;. (17: 29) vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

! ,q;Nf msT fle;J nrytpLtijAk; mstpy; Fiwj;J nrytpLtijAk;

jtnwdr; Rl;bf;fhl;Lk; my;Fu;Md;> ,uz;bw;Fkpilg;gl;l kj;jpk epiyapy;

nrytpLkhW mwpTWj;JfpwJ.

! ,t;thNw cz;gjpYk; gUFtjpYk; $l eLepiyiag; NgZtJ ,];yhkpa

ehfupfj;jpd; rpwg;gk;rkhFk;. tapW epiwa cz;gjpYk;> Fbg;gjpYk;

vr;rupf;ifahf ,Uq;fs;. mJ MNuhf;fpaj;ijg; ghjpj;J Neha;fis

cUthf;Fk;> njhOifapy; Nrhk;giy Vw;gLj;Jk;. me;j ,uz;bYk; eLepiy

NgZq;fs;. mJ cliyr; rPu;gLj;jp tPz; tpuaj;ijj; jLf;Fk;. (my; fd;];)

cz;Zq;fs;> gUFq;fs;> tPz;tpuak; nra;ahjPu;fs; (7:31) vd;W kw;nwhU

Fu;Md; trdk; typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. cq;fs; kPJ ngUQ;Rikfis Vw;wpf;

nfhs;shjPu;fs;. ePq;fs; mope;J NghtPu;fs;. cq;fSf;F Kd; nrd;w kf;fs;

jk;kPJ mjpf Rikfis Vw;wpf; nfhz;lhu;fs;. ,jdhy; mope;J Nghdhu;fs;.

mtu;fsJ vr;rq;fs; klhyaq;fspYk;> Mr;rpukq;fspYk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

(m`;kj;) vd egp (]y;) mtu;fs; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;fs;.

! egpatu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;> ,yFgLj;Jq;fs;. f\;lg;gLj;jhjPu;fs;. Mu;t%l;Lq;fs;>

ntWg;gilar; nra;ahjPu;fs;. (K];ypk;)

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! mwpQu; Yf;khd;> jdJ kfDf;F cgNjrpf;Fk; NghJ> ~~ckJ eilapy;

kj;jpa juj;ijf; filg;gpb. cdJ rj;jj;ijj; jho;j;jpf;nfhs;. rj;jq;fspy;

ntWf;fj;jf;fJ fOijapd; rj;jkhFk;. (31:19) vd;W $Wfpwhu;. ,q;F

my;Fu;Md; xyp vOg;GtjpYk; eLepiy NgzNtz;Lnkd mwpTWj;JfpwJ.

! ,Jkl;Lkd;wp> ,k;ikAk; kWikAk; rkepiyapy; Nehf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;w

fUj;ijAk; my;Fu;Md; Kd;itf;fpd;wJ. `h[pfspd; gpuhu;j;jid vt;thW

mika Ntz;Lnkdf; fw;Wj;jUk; my;Fu;Md;> ~~vq;fs; ,iwtNd> vq;fSf;F

Ntz;baitfisnay;yhk; ,k;ikapNyNa mspj;jptpLthahf. vd;W

Nfl;gtu;fSk; cz;L. Mdhy;> ,j;jifNahUf;F kWikapy; ahnjhU

ghf;fpaKkpy;iy. (2:200) md;wp vq;fs; ,iwtNd> vq;fSf;F eP ,k;ikapYk;

ed;ikiaspg;ghahf. kWikapYk; ed;ikaspg;ghahf euf neUg;gpd;

NtjidapypUe;Jk; vq;fis eP ghJfhg;ghahf vdf; NfhUgtu;fSk; cz;L.

(2: 201)

,j;jifa cyf tptfhuq;fshf ,Ue;jhYk; rup> Md;kpf tptfhuq;fshf

,Ue;jhYk; rup eLepiyahd Nghf;ifNa ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpw;Fl;gl;ltu;fs;

iff; nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;gij my;Fu;MDk;> ]{d;dhTk; typAWj;Jtijf;

fhz;fpd;Nwhk;.

! eLepiyj; jd;ikia kPwp msTf;fjpfk; jkf;Fj;jhNd Rikfis Vw;gLj;JtJ

ehfupfkhd gz;gy;y. egp (]y;) mtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;. ngUQ;Rikfid

cq;fs; kPJ Rkj;jpf; nfhs;shjPu;fs;. ,jdhy; ePq;fs; mope;JtpLtPu;fs;.

cq;fSf;F Ke;jpa r%fj;jtu;fs; mjpf Rikia Vw;Wf; nfhz;likahy;

mope;J Nghdhu;fs;. (mg+ a/yh)

! vdNt> msTf;fjpfkhfNth> mstpy; kpf;f Fiwj;Njh ve;jr; nraypYk;

<Lglf;$lhJ. mJ ,ghjh Nghd;w Md;kPfr; nray;ghLfshfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;.

njhopy; Kaw;rpNghd;w cyfpaw; nray;ghLfshfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;. xU Kiw

KMj; ,g;D [gy; (uop) mtu;fs;> Mu;tkpFjpahy; njhOifia ePl;bj;

njhoitj;jhu;fs;. nghWikapoe;j ]`hghf;fs; egp (]y;) mtu;fsplk;

te;J Kiwg;ghL nra;jhu;fs;. mg;NghJ ~~KMNj> eP mtu;fisr;

rpukg;gLj;JfpwPuh vd;W %d;W Kiw tpdtpdhu;fs;. gpd;du;> ~rpyu; ey;y

tplaq;fspy; kf;fis ntWg;g+l;Lfpwhu;fs;.| vd fbe;J nfhz;lhu;fs;. (Gfhup)

kw;nwhU nghOJ> ~cq;fshy; ,yFthfr; nra;af;$atw;iwNa nra;Aq;fs;.

fisg;Gk; rypg;Gk; Vw;gLk; tifapy; my;yh ;̀ $yp nfhLg;gjpy; fisg;gila

khl;lhd; (Gfhup) vd;W mwpTWj;jpdhu;fs;.

! mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D cku; (uop) mtu;fs; ,ghjj;Jfspy; %o;fp> kidtp

kPjhd flikfisf;$l kwe;JtpLthu;fs; vd Kiwapl;l NghJ>

~mg;Jy;yh`;Nt> ,t;thW nra;ahjPu;> rpy ehl;fs; Nehd;G Nehw;gPuhf> rpy

ehl;fspy; tpl;LtpLtPu;. ,uT Ntisapy; ,ghjj; nra;Ak;. mNjNtis

cwf;fj;ijAk; epiwNtw;Wk;. ckJ clk;Gf;Fk;> ckJ kidtpf;Fk;> ckJ

tpUe;jpdUf;Fk; cupikfs; cz;L (Gfhup) vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;fs;.

! xt;nthU rKjhaKk; mJ tho;e;j gpuNjrk;> mjd; tsk;> mJ vw;Wf;

nfhz;l nfhs;if> mjpy; cUthd Gj;jp[Ptpfs;> nraw;ghl;lhsu;fs;> mtu;fs;

Nkw;nfhz;l njhluhd Kaw;rpfs;> jpahfq;fs;> mtu;fsJ murpay;> mwptpay;>

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nghUspay ; > ,uhZt gyq;fs ; Nghd ;w fhuzq;fshy ; r%f

tho;f;ifapNyw;gLk; gupzhk tsu;;r;rp xU jdpahd ehfupfkhf nraw;gl

Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. mtw;wpd; eyd;fs; kw;wtu;fisf; ftUk; NghJ mtu;fSk;

me;ehfupfj;jpd;ghy; <u;f;fg;gLfpd;whu;fs;. vdNt Rw;Wtl;lhuj;jpy; neUq;fp

thOk; r%fq;fSk; mjpy; ,ize;J nfhs;fpd;wd. cyfpy; Njhd;wpa

vy;yh ehfupfq;fspYk; ,e;jg; gz;Gfisf; fhzyhk;.

! ,t;thNw fhyg;Nghf;fpy; mjw;fz;ikapy; kw;nwhU ehfupfk; Njhd;Wk;

NghJ> Kd;ida ehfupfj;ij ntw;wp nfhs;tjw;fhf murpay;> mwptpay;>

,uhZt eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;. ,jdhy; Kd;ida ehfupfk;

mopTwyhk;. ,d;Nwy; Kd;ida ehfupfj;jpd; rpwe;j mk;rq;fs; my;yJ

Kaw;rpfs; iftplg;gLk; NghJ> mJ jsu;tila> mLj;J te;j ehfupfk;

mjid kpiff;fyhk;. ,jdhy; KjypUe;j ehfupfk; gbg;gbahf tPo;r;rpia

Nehf;fpr; nry;y gpe;jpa ehfupfk; vOr;rp ngWk;. fpNuf;f ehfupf tPo;r;rpAk;

cNuhk ehfupf vOr;rpAk; ,jw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;. vdNt> ve;j ehfupfKk;

njhluhf epiyj;J epw;gijf; fhzKbahJ. gpwehfupf mk;rq;fs;

midj;ijAk; Jwe;J jdf;Nf cupa jdpg;gz;Gld; khj;jpuk; thoTk; KbahJ.

kdpj mwptpd; topahf kl;Lk; mit Njhd;wpAk;> tsu;e;Jk;> fye;JwthbAk;

epiyepw;fpd;wikNa ,jw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;.

! ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; vOr;rp ngw;w fhyg;gFjpapy; tlNkw;Nf cNuhk ehfupfKk;>

tlfpof;Nf ghurPf ehfupfKk; fhzg;gl;ld. Ml;rpahsu;fSk;> mtu;fsJ

mbtUbfSk; me;ehfupfq;fspd; eyd;fis Ruz;bf; nfhz;bUe;jdu;.

nghJkf;fs; cupikapoe;J fhzg;gl;ldu;. cau; kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l

,t;Tupik kPwy;fNshL xOf;f tPo;r;rpAk; nghJkf;fspy; ntWg;ig Vw;gLj;jpd.

,e;epiyapy;jhd; ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jhy; mtu;fs; ftug;gl;lhu;fs;. ,];yhkpa

tuyhw;wpd; Muk;gf;fl;lj;jpy; (fp.gp. 630 ,y;) xU Nghu; epfo;e;jJ.

K];ypk;fSf;nfjupuhfg; NghuhLtjw;F> tPuu;fs; epu;g;ge;jpf;fg;gl;L mioj;J

tug;gl;ldu;. mtu;fs; jg;gpNahbtplf;$lhJ vd;gjw;fhfr; rq;fpypfshy;

gpizf;fg;gl;bUe;jhu;fs;. mit Nrfupf;fg;gl;lNghJ mit Xu; xl;lifr;

RikasT fhzg;gl;ljhff;; fz;ldu;.

! ,e;epiyapy; jhd; fyPgh cku; (uop) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpy; mwG ehl;Lf;F

ntspNa ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; gut Muk;gpj;jJ. gpd;du; Njhd;wpa cikah>

mg;gh]pa Ml;rpf; fhyq;fspy; gpw fyhrhu jhf;fq;fs; ,iza Muk;gpj;jd.

mt;Ntis ,];yhj;Jf;F Kuzhd mk;rq;fs; epuhfupf;fg;gl;ld. Kuzpy;yhj

mk;rq;fs; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. kw;Wk; rpy ,];yhkpakag;gLj;jg;gl;ld.

,jdhy; ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; NkYk; rpwg;Gw;wJ. Fwpg;ghf fpNuf;f> ghurPf>

,e;jpa nkhop%y E}y;fs; ngau;f;fg;gl;ld. jdpg;gl;l KiwapYk; mur

MjuTlDk; K];ypk;fs; mwptpay; Kaw;rpfspy; <Lgl Muk;gpj;jdu;. mwG

nkhop E}y;fs;> ];ghdpahtpypUe;J gpuhd;]{f;Fr; nrd;w NghJ gpuhd;]py;

Y}ap kd;dDf;nfjpuhf kf;fs; Gul;rpAk;> N[u;kdpapy; rkag;Gul;rpAk;

,q;fpyhe;jpy; ifj;njhopy; Gul;rpAk; Njhd;wp etPd fhyj;ij cUthf;fpaJ.

! ,J njhlu;ghf fyhepjp K];jgh ]pghap (u`;) gpd;tUkhW $Wfpwhu;.

tuyhw;wpd; xU fhyfl;lj;jpy; K];ypk;fs; fpNuf;f ehfupfj;NjhL njhlu;G

nfhz;lhu;fs;. mjpYs;s ,yf;fpaq;fis nkhop ngau;f;fTk; nra;jhu;fs;.

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Mdhy;> mtu;fs; ve;j epiyapYk; ,iwtDf;F ,izitj;J vOjg;gl;l

,yf;fpaq;fis nkhopahf;fk; nra;atpy;iy. K];ypk;fs; Xtpak; jPl;Ltjpy;

xg;gw;W tpsq;fpdhu;fs;. xU NghJk; ,iwtd; xUtNd vd;w nfhs;if

fw;Wj; je;j epajpfSf;F mg;ghy; Xtpak; jPl;ltpy;iy. tu;zk; G+Rtjpy;

K];ypk;fs; ifNju;e;j fiyQu;fshf tho;e;jhu;fs;. Mdhy;> mtu;fs;

Mghrq;fis tu;zq;fshf g+rpj;je;jjpy;iy. K];ypk;fs; rpw;gf;fiyapy;

rpwe;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. mjw;fhf mtu;fs; rpiyfis rpw;gq;fs; vd

nrJf;fpajpy;iy. fiyaoFk; ftpd;kpF cilaoFk; nfhz;L tho;e;jhu;fs;

Mdhy;> midj;jpYk; my;yh`;tpd; tud;Kiwfspd; topNa tho;e;jhu;fs;.

];ghdpahtpy; jahupf;fg;gl;l mzpkzpfs;> kl;ghz;lq;fs;> cNyhf

Ntiyg;ghLfs;> vfpg;jpy; nea;ag;gl;l Milfs;> rpupahtpy; jahupf;fg;gl;l

ghj;jpuq;fs;> <uhdpy; tbtikf;fg;gl;l Mguzq;fs; vy;yhk; Ntiyg;ghLfshy;

NtWgl;lhYk; nfhs;ifahy; xd;Wgl;L epd;wij mtjhdpf;fyhk;.

! vdNtjhd;> tuyhw;wpd; ,ilf;fhyj;jpy; K];ypk;fs; kl;LNk ehfupfj;jpd;

ehafuhfj; jpfo;e;jhu;fs; vd;W (Sideo) irbNah vd;w vOj;jhsu;

Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

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Nju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rp 2 .02.02.02.02.0 ::::: ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; %yhjhuk; t`p vd;gij,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; %yhjhuk; t`p vd;gij,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; %yhjhuk; t`p vd;gij,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; %yhjhuk; t`p vd;gij,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; %yhjhuk; t`p vd;gij

mwpe;J mjd; tiffisAk; mit njhFf;fg;gl;lmwpe;J mjd; tiffisAk; mit njhFf;fg;gl;lmwpe;J mjd; tiffisAk; mit njhFf;fg;gl;lmwpe;J mjd; tiffisAk; mit njhFf;fg;gl;lmwpe;J mjd; tiffisAk; mit njhFf;fg;gl;l

tuyhw;iwAk;tuyhw;iwAk;tuyhw;iwAk;tuyhw;iwAk;tuyhw;iwAk; tpgupg;ghu;. tpgupg;ghu;. tpgupg;ghu;. tpgupg;ghu;. tpgupg;ghu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 2 .12.12.12.12.1 ::::: t`papd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk; mjd; rpwg;gk;rq;fisAk;t`papd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk; mjd; rpwg;gk;rq;fisAk;t`papd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk; mjd; rpwg;gk;rq;fisAk;t`papd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk; mjd; rpwg;gk;rq;fisAk;t`papd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk; mjd; rpwg;gk;rq;fisAk;

tpgupg ;ghu ; .tpgupg ;ghu ; .tpgupg ;ghu ; .tpgupg ;ghu ; .tpgupg ;ghu ; .



! t`papd; rpwg;gk;rq;fis Kd;itg;ghu;.

! t`papd; mtrpaj;ijAk; mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk; czu;e;J mjd;

mbg;gilapy; tho;it mikj;Jf; nfhs;tNj ntw;wpf;fhd top vd;gij

epahapg;ghu;.

! ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ij cUthf;FtjpYk; tsu;g;gjpYk; t`papd;

gq;fspg;ig tpsf;Fthu;.


! kdpjd; jdJ mwpitg; gad;gLj;jp tho;tpw;fhd mbg;gilfisAk;

Nfhl;ghLfisAk; tFj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhd;: mjw;fhf GyDzu;T> gFj;jwpT>

jj;Jtk; Kjypatw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhs;fpwhd;.

! Mdhy; t`papd; mbg;gilapy; egpkhu;fshy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l tho;T gw;wpa

Nfhl;ghL kdpjdJ GyDzu;T> gFj;jwpT> jj;JtQhdk; vd;gtw;why;

mwpaKbahj tplaq;fisAk; njspTgLj;JfpwJ.

! Gyd;fspd; Jiznfhz;L ngwg;gLk; mDgtNk mwpT vd;w jj;Jtf;

Nfhl;ghL Guhjd fpNuf;f ehfupf tuyhw;Wf; fhyj;jpypUe;Nj ,Ue;J

te;Js;sJ. mt;thNw ,jd; gupzhkq;fs; gy;NtW fhyg;gFjpapYk; gy

tbtq;fspy; ntspte;Js;sjid tuyhW gjpe;Js;sJ. ,f;Nfhl;ghl;il

cilNahu; t`pia kWf;fpd;wdu;.

! GyDzu;Tjhd; mwptpd; mbg;gil vd;W $WNthupd; thjk; gw;wp my;Fu;Md;

gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. “kWikapy; ek;ikr; re;jpg;gij vtu;fs;

ek;gtpy;iyNah mtu;fs;> ‘vq;fs; kPJ kyf;Ffs; ,wf;fg;gl Ntz;lhkh>

my;yJ vq;fSila fz;fshy; ehq;fs; vq;fs; ,iwtidg; ghu;f;f

Ntz;lhkh’ vd;W $Wfpd;wdu;. ,tu;fs; jq;fis kpfkpfg; ngupjhf

vz;zpf;nfhz;L msT fle;J nrd;Wtpl;ldu;” (my;Gu;fhd; : 21)

! t`papd; ,yf;Fk; mjd; topfhl;lYk; vd;Wk; xNu mbg;gilapNy

mike;jpUe;jd. midj;J ,iwJ}ju;fSk; Nghjpj;j jPd; xd;whfNt ,Ue;jJ.

mJ vd;Wk; khwhjJ. mtu;fs; Nghjpj;j \uPM - rl;lq;fs; fhyj;jpd;

Njitf;Nfw;g t`papd; topfhl;lypy; mike;jpUe;jd.

! GydwpT> Ik;Gyd;fspd; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fl;gl;lit. mJ FiwghLilaJ vd;W

fhzg;gl;lNghJ mDgtq;fspD}lhfg; ngwg;gl;l gFj;jwpitg; gpuNahfpf;f

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Kw;gl;ldu;. gFj;jwpTk; FiwghLilaNj. Vnddpy; ,t;twpTfs; gilg;Gf;fis

Nehf;fpaNj jtpu gilg;gpdq;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;ljd; Nehf;fj;ij mwpahjit.

t`p vd;gJ gilg;gpdq;fspd; ,aw;ifj; jd;ikAld; mit gilf;fg;gl;ljd;

Nehf;fj;ijAk; mwpe;j gilg;ghsdplkpUe;J toq;fg;gLtjhy; mJ

GydwpitAk;> gFj;jwpitAk; tpl NkNyhq;fp epw;fpd;wJ.

! ehk; vq;fpUe;J te;Njhk;> Vd; te;Njhk;> vq;F nry;yg; NghfpNwhk;> vkJ

KbT vd;d Nghd;w mbg;gil tpdhf;fSf;Fg; GydwpthNyh> gFj;jwpthNyh

tpil $w KbahJ. ,jid my;Fu;Md; gpd;tUkhW njspTgLj;Jfpd;wJ.

“,ijg;gw;wp mtu;fSf;F ahnjhU QhdKk; fpilahJ. tPz; fw;gidiaj;

jtpu (NtW vijAk;) mtu;fs; gpd;gw;Wtjpy;iy. (tPz;) fw;gid cz;ikf;F

Kuzhd vjidAk; cWjpg; gLj;jhJ” (me; e[;k; : 28)

kdpj tho;Tf;fhd ,yl;rpaj;ijAk; Fwpf;NfhisAk; tFj;Jf; nfhLf;Fk;

jifik kdpj mwpTf;F ,y;iy. mJ t`pf;F khj;jpuNk cz;L vd;gJ

my;Fu;Mdpd; fUj;jhFk;.

! t`p> mwptpd; %yhjhuq;fSs; kpf cau;e;j gbj;juj;jpy; cs;sjhFk;.

mjD}lhf kdpjd; jdJ GydwpT> gFj;jwpT vd;gtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp

gpugQ;rj;ijAk; mjd; gilg;gpdq;fisAk; Muha;e;J ,iwtdpd; Nguhw;wiy

czu;e;J mjw;fika jdJ tho;tpw;fhd ,yf;Ffis mikj;Jf; nfhs;s

Ntz;Lnkd my;Fu;Md; $WfpwJ. “thdq;fisAk; g+kpiaAk;> ,itfSf;F

kj;jpapYs;sitfisAk; tpisahl;lhf ehk; gilf;ftpy;iy. jf;f

fhuzj;jpw;fhfNt md;wp ,itfis ehk; gilf;ftpy;iy. vdpDk; mtu;fs;

ngUk; ghyhNdhu;(,jid) mwpe;J nfhs;tjpy;iy.” (Jfhd; : 38-39) NkYk;

- (,g;wh`Pk; : 32>33> My ,k;uhd; : 191)

! ,t;Tyfpy; kdpjd; gpwf;Fk; NghNj mtdJ cyfpay; Njitfs; midj;Jk;

rpwe;j Kiwapy; g+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpd;wd vd;gij my;Fu;Md;

Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

“mtNd cq;fSf;Fg; g+kpia trpf;FkplkhfTk;> thdj;ij xU tpjhdkhfTk;

mikj;J> Nkfj;jpypUe;J kioiag; nghoptpj;J mjidf; nfhz;L

cq;fSf;F czthff;$ba fdp tu;f;fq;fisAk; ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;whd;.”

(my; gfuh : 22) NkYk; (my; md;Mk; : 95> my; thfpM : 63-72> me;e ;̀y;

: 66)

! kdpjDf;fhd Md;kpf> xOf;f mwnewpf; Nfhl;ghl;il kdpj mwpthy;

tFj;Jf;nfhs;s KbahJ. t`papd; %yNk mJ rhj;jpakhFk;. kdpj

tho;tpdJk;> gpugQ;rj;jpdJk; ,yl;rpaj;ijAk;> ,ufrpaq;fisAk; mwpahj

kdpjdhy; kdpj tho;Tf;fhd topfhl;liy vg;gb toq;f KbAk;.?

! t`papd; mtrpaj;ij czu;e;J mjid Vw;W ele;j r%fq;fs; cau;e;j

ehfupfj;ijg; ngw;W ntw;wpaile;jjw;Fk;> mjid epuhfupj;j r%fq;fs;

,optile;J> Njhy;tp mile;jjw;Fk; my;Fu;MDk;> tuyhWk; Mjhukhf

mikfpd;wd.

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! ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; KOikahf t`papd; mbg;gilapy; vOe;jjhFk;.

mjdhy;jhd; mJ ePz;lfhyk; epiyj;J epw;gJld; Vida ehfupq;fspdhy;

epiyehl;l Kbahky; Nghd ePjpiaAk;> rkj;Jtj;ijAk; cau;e;j xOf;fg;

gz;ghl;bidAk;> mwptpay; rhjidfisAk; kdpj r%fj;jpw;F toq;fpf;

nfhz;L ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

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tuyhw;iwAk; tpgupg;ghu;.tuyhw;iwAk; tpgupg;ghu;.tuyhw;iwAk; tpgupg;ghu;.tuyhw;iwAk; tpgupg;ghu;.tuyhw;iwAk; tpgupg;ghu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 2 .22.22.22.22.2 ::::: my;Fu;Md; mUsg;gl;l KiwiaAk; njhFf;fg;gl;lmy;Fu;Md; mUsg;gl;l KiwiaAk; njhFf;fg;gl;lmy;Fu;Md; mUsg;gl;l KiwiaAk; njhFf;fg;gl;lmy;Fu;Md; mUsg;gl;l KiwiaAk; njhFf;fg;gl;lmy;Fu;Md; mUsg;gl;l KiwiaAk; njhFf;fg;gl;l

tuyhw;iwAk; tpsf;Fthu;.tuyhw;iwAk; tpsf;Fthu;.tuyhw;iwAk; tpsf;Fthu;.tuyhw;iwAk; tpsf;Fthu;.tuyhw;iwAk; tpsf;Fthu;.


fw;wy; NgWfs;:fw;wy; NgWfs;:fw;wy; NgWfs;:fw;wy; NgWfs;:fw;wy; NgWfs;:

! my;Fu;Md; ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; mbg;gil %yhjhuk; vd;gij

tpsq;fpf; $Wthu;.

! my;Fu;Md; mUsg;gl;L njhFf;fg;gl;l Kiwiaf; fl;lk; fl;lkhf

tpgupg;ghu;.

! u];Ky; c];khdpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mwptNjhL ,d;W tiu

my;Fu;Md; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUk; xOq;if vLj;Jf; $Wthu;.


my;Fu;Md; mwpKfk;.my;Fu;Md; mwpKfk;.my;Fu;Md; mwpKfk;.my;Fu;Md; mwpKfk;.my;Fu;Md; mwpKfk;.

! kdpj tho;Tf;fhd gupG+uz topfhl;lyhd my;Fu;Md; my;yh`;tpd;

fyhkhFkfyhkhFkfyhkhFkfyhkhFkfyhkhFk;. ,J kdpj tho;it tsg;gLj;jp ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd;

Njhw;wj;jpw;Fk; tsu;r;rpf;Fkhd mbg;gilia toq;fpaJ. egp (]y;) mtu;fspd;

kf;fh kjPdh tho;f;ifg; gFjpapy; (23 tUlq;fs;) gbg;gbahf ehfupfj;ij

fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhd topfhl;ly;fis toq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. me;j

topfhl;lypd; mbg;gilapNyNa ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; KOik ngWtjw;fhd

rhjdq;fs; tFf;fg;gl;ld.

! ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpw;fhd mbg;gilfis toq;fpa my;Fu;Md; mJ

mUsg ;gl ; lJ Kjy ; ,d ;Wtiu J}a tbt py ; KOikahfg ;

ghJfhf;fg;gl;LtUfpwJ.

“mtu;fs; ,e;jf; Fu;Mid rpe;jpj;Jg; ghu;f;f Ntz;lhkh? ,J my;yh`;

my;yhjtu;fsplkpUe;J te;jpUe;jhy; ,jpy; mjpfkhd Kuz;ghLfisf;

fz;bUg;ghu;fs;” (4: 82)

! my;Fu;Md; J}a muG nkhopapy; kpf cau;e;j ,yf;fpa juKila E}y;.

,e;j ,yf;fpa juj;jpw;F kpifahfNth> epfuhfNth ve;j E}Yk; ,y;iy.

! my;Fu;Md; cau; ,yf;fpa juk; tha;e;jjhf ,Ue;jhYk; mJ gbj;jtu;fis

kl;Lk; ikakhff; nfhz;likatpy;iy. rhjhuz kf;fshYk; tpsq;ff;

$ba vspa eiliaAk;> ,dpa Xir eaj;ijAk; nfhz;like;Js;sJ.

! my;Fu;Md; gjpd;dhd;F E}w;whz;LfSf;F Kw;gl;lnjhU fhyj;jpy; ,wq;fpa

NghJk; mJ Kd;itj;j fUj;Jf;fs; fhyj;ij ntd;wjhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

,J Kf;fhyKk; mwpe;j xUtdhy; khj;jpuNk rhj;jpag;gl KbAk;. mJ

cyfk; cs;ssTk; kdpjDf;F topfhl;Lk; E}yhfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

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! ,J kdpj tho ;it ikakhff ; nfhz ;lJ. kd pj tho ;it

newpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd nja;tPfg; ghu;it nfhz;lJ. mJ kdpj tho;tpy;

epk;kjpia> Kd;Ndw;wj;ij> rpwe;j ehfupfj;ij Vw;gLj;JtJld; kWikapy;

Rtd tho;Tf;F topfhl;LtijAk; Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,jdhy;

,J kdpj tho;tpy; kfj;jhd Gul;rpfisAk; Vw;gLj;jf;$baJ.

! my;Fu;Mid XJtJk;> mjid tpsq;FtJk;> mjd;gb vkJ tho;it

mikj;Jf; nfhs;tJk;> mjd; topfhl;liy Nehf;fp kf;fis miog;gJk;

my;Fu;Md; kPjhd K];ypk;fspd; flikahFk;.

02. my;Fu;Md; mUsg;gly; :02. my;Fu;Md; mUsg;gly; :02. my;Fu;Md; mUsg;gly; :02. my;Fu;Md; mUsg;gly; :02. my;Fu;Md; mUsg;gly; :

! my;Fu;Md; my;yh`;tpd; fyhkhFk;. mJ kdpj Mf;fkd;W. yt;`{y;

k`;g+spy; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L te;j mJ> xU ukohd; khjj;jpy; igJy;

,];]hTf;F KOikahf ,wf;fg;gl;lJ. gpd;du; K`k;kJ (]y;) mtu;fSf;F

mtuJ ehw;gjhtJ tajpy; `puhf; Fifapy; itj;J #uh myf;fpd;

Kjy; Ie;J trdq;fSk; Kjd; Kjyhf mUsg;gl;ld. mjd;gpd;du; re;ju;g;g

#o;epiyfSf;Nfw;g ,wf;fp mUsg;gl;ld. K`k;kj; (]y;) mtu;fspd;

tghj;Jf;F rpwpJ fhyj;jpw;F Kd;du; my;Fu;Md; mUsg;gly; Kw;Wg;

ngw;wJ.

mUsg;gl;l Kiw :mUsg;gl;l Kiw :mUsg;gl;l Kiw :mUsg;gl;l Kiw :mUsg;gl;l Kiw :

! my;Fu;Md; xNu jlitapy; mUsg;gltpy;iy. mJ Njitf;Fk;> re;ju;g;g

#o;epiyfSf;Fk; Vw;g jdp trdkhfTk;> nrhw;nwhluhfTk;> gy

trdq;fshfTk; mUsg;gl;lJ. rpy re;jug;gq;fspy; rpy ]{whf;fs;

KOikahfTk; mUsg;gl;Ls;sd. kw;Wk; rpy re;ju;g;gq;fspy; rpy ]{whf;fspd;

Muk;gg; gFjp xU re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; Vida gFjpfs; gpwpnjhU re;ju;g;gj;jpYk;

mUsg;gl;Ls;sd.

! jdp trdk; mUsg;gl;likf;F vLj;Jf; fhl;lhf ]{wh me;ep]htpd; 95Mk;

trdj;ijf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. xU nrhw;nwhlu; khj;jpuk; jdpahf mUsg;gl;ljw;F

cjhuzKk; ,Nj trdj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. “,iw ek;gpf;ifahsu;fspy;

vtu;fs; [p`hjpy; fye;J nfhs;shky; jq;fptpLfpwhu;fNsh mtu;fSk;>

vtu;fs; jq;fs; capuhYk; nghUshYk; my;yh`;tpd; topapy; [p`hj;

nra;fpwhu;fNsh mtu;fSk; rk me;j];Jilatu;fshf khl;lhu;fs;” (me;ep]h

: 95) vd;w trdk; mUsg;gl;l NghJ> mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D ck;kp kf;J}k;

(uop) jdJ ,ayhikia egpatu;fsplk; vLj;Jr; nrhd;d NghJ> mjw;Fg;

gjpyhf Nkw;$wpa Maj;jpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s “ifU cypy;owu;” (epahakhd

fhuzk; vJTkpd;wp) vd;w nrhw;nwhlu; mUsg;gl;likiaf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

! njhlu;r;rpahf gy trdq;fs; mUsg;gl;l re;ju;g;gq;fSk; cz;L. mjw;F

cjhuzkhf> md;id Map\h(uop) mtu;fs; kPJ Gide;Jiuf;fg;gl;l

gopr;nrhy;iy kWj;Jiuf;Fk; ]{wh me;E}upd; gj;J trdq;fisf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

! rpy ]{whf;fspd; Muk;gg; gFjp xU re;jug;gj;jpYk; mjd; Vida gFjpfs;

NtnwhU re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; mUsg;gl;Ls;sd. ]{wh myfpd; Kjy; Ie;J

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trdq;fs; xU jilitAk; mjidj; njhlu;e;J tUk; gFjpfs; NtW xU

re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; mUsg;gl;ld.

! xNu re;jug;gj;jpy; KOikahf mUsg;gl;l ]{whf;fSf;F cjhuzkhf

#uJy; m];u;> #uJy; nfs]u;> #uJe; e];u;> ]{wh md;Mk; Nghd;wtw;iwf;

Fwpg;gplyhk;.

my;Fu;Md; xNu jlitapy; KOikahf mUsg;glhikf;fhd fhuzq;fs;:my;Fu;Md; xNu jlitapy; KOikahf mUsg;glhikf;fhd fhuzq;fs;:my;Fu;Md; xNu jlitapy; KOikahf mUsg;glhikf;fhd fhuzq;fs;:my;Fu;Md; xNu jlitapy; KOikahf mUsg;glhikf;fhd fhuzq;fs;:my;Fu;Md; xNu jlitapy; KOikahf mUsg;glhikf;fhd fhuzq;fs;:

! my;Fu;Md; xNu jlitapy; KOikahf mUsg;glhky; rpwpJ rpwpjhf

gy;NtW re;ju;g;gq;fspy; mUsg;gl;ljd; Nehf;fj;ij md;iwa fhgpu;fshy;

Gupe;Jnfhs;s Kbatpy;iy. Kd;ida Ntjq;fs; Nghyd;wp my;Fu;Md;

gFjpgFjpahf mUsg;gl;L te;jjhy; mjid mtu;fs; ,iwthf;fhf Vw;f

Kbahnjd kWj;Jiuj;jdu;. egp (]y;) mtu;fs; Gide;Jiuj;j fl;Lf;fij

vd thjpj;jdu;. “md;wp> ,J Kd;Ndhu;fspd; fl;Lf;fij> (,t;thW) ,J

fhiyapYk; khiyapYk; ,tUf;F Xjpf; fhz;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,jid ,tu;

(kw;nwhUtupd; cjtpiaf; nfhz;L) vOjpf; nfhs;fpwhu;.” (my;Gu;fhd;: 05)

! my;Fu;Md; gFjpgFjpahf mUsg;gl;likf;fhd fhuzq;fis my;yh`;

gy;NtW re;ju;g;gq;fspy; njspTgLj;Jfpd;whd;. “egpNa> ck;ik epuhfupf;Fk;

,tu;fs;> ,e;jf; Fu;Md; KOtJk; mtu;kPJ xNu jlitapy; ,wf;fg;gl;bUf;f

Ntz;lhkh vd;W Nfl;fpd;wdu;. ,t;thW ehk; nfhQ;rk; nfhQ;rkhf

,wf;fpanjy;yhk; ck; ,jaj;ijj; jplg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfNt” (my;Gu;fhd;: 32)

! egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; j/thg;gzp ,yFthdjhf mikatpy;iy. khwhf

ntF fbdkhdjhfTk; gy;NtW Jd;gq;fis vjpu; nfhs;tjhfTk; ,Ue;jJ.

,t;thW f\;lq;fis vjpu; Nehf;Fk; NghJ egpatu;fs; kdk; jsu;e;J

tplhJ> jdJ gzpapNy cWjpahf ,Ue;J nraw;glNtz;bapUe;jJ.

my;Fu;Md; KOikahf ,wf;fg;gl;L ,iwtDf;Fk; ,iwJ}jUf;Fk;

,ilapyhd njhlu;G Jz;bf;fg;glhky;> my;yh`;Tldhd t`p %ykhd

njhlu;G egpatu;fSf;F kd cWjpia toq;ff; $bajhf ,Ue;jJ. jdf;F

MWjy; Njitg;gLk; Nghnjy;yhk; egpatu;fs; ,iwthf;fpd; tUifia

vjpu;ghu;g;gtuhf ,Ue;jhu;fs;.

! my;Fu;Mdpd; GJg;GJf; fUj;Jf;fs;> cs;sj;ij Ml;nfhs;Sk; mjpra

nkhopeil> thdtj; jiytuhd [pg;uPy; (miy) mtu;fspd; Neubr; re;jpg;G

Kjypad> egpatu;fSf;F jhd; jdpj;J tplg;gl;ltu; my;yu;> jhd; ,iwtdpd;

fz;fhzpg;gpYk;> MjutpYk;> mutizg;gpYk;> ghJfhg;gpYk; ,Uf;fpd;wtu;

vd;w kd czu;it GJg;gpf;fTk; jdJ gzpapy; cWjpahd cs;sj;NjhL

<LglTk; fhuzkha; mike;jd.

! egp (]y;) mtu;fs;> j/thg; gzpapd; NghJ vjpu; Nehf;fpa ,d;dy;fshy;

tpuf;jpailahjpUg;gjw;fhf> Kd;ida egpkhu;fspd; tuyhWfs; $wg;gl;L

j/thg; ghijapd; ,ay;ghd jd;ik tpsf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd; %yk; vj;jid

Nrhjid Neu;e;jhYk;> ,Wjpapy; cz;ikNa ntw;wp ngWk; ngha; mopitNa

vjpu; Nehf;Fk; vd;gJ czu;j;jg;gl;lJ. ,jdhy; egpfshupd; cs;sk; cWjp

ngw;wJ.

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! mt;tg;NghJ Fiw\pf; fhgpu;fis vr;rupj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; tifapy;

my;Fu;Md; trdq;fs; ,wq;fpd. ,iwtdpd; mj;jhl;rpfisg; ngha;g;gpj;Njhu;

mile;j gaq;fu tpisTfis vLj;Jf;fhl;b mit vr;rupf;if nra;jd.

! “egpNa> ,t;t+uhu; jq;fs; (tPLfspy;) ,utpy; epj;jpiu nra;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;

NghNj ek ;Kila Ntjidfs ; mtu ;fis te ;jilahnjd ;W

mr;rkw;wpUf;fpd;wduh? my;yh`;tpd; gpbapypUe;J mtu;fs; mr;rkw;W

tpl;lduh? Kw;wpYk; e\;lkilaf;$ba kf;fis jtpu vtUk; my;yh`;tpd;

gpbf;F mr;rkw;wpuhu;?” (my; m/uhg; : 97-99) NkYk; (my; fku; : 43- 47)

(my; md;Mk; : 33-34)

! my;Fu;Md; rpwpJ rpwpjhf ,wq;fpaikf;fhd ,d;ndhU fhuzk;> mtw;iw

kddkpl;Lg; ghJfhg;gJk;> mjd; mbg;gilapy; nrayhw;wp mjd;

Nfhl;ghLfSf;Fr; nray; tbtk; nfhLg;gJkhFk;. gpur;rpidfs; Nrhjidfs;

kpFe;j fhy fl;lj;jpy; my;Fu;Md; KOikahf mUs;gl;bUe;jhy; mjid

kddkpl;Lr; nray;gLj;JtJk; $l gpur;rpidahf mike;jpUf;ff; $Lk;.

NkYk;> my;Fu;Mid kddkpLtJ vd;gJ ntWkNd mjid cjl;lstpy;

cr;rupg;gjy;y. mjid tpsq;fp> Muha;e;J mjd; topapy; nray;gLtjhFk;.

nfhQ;rk; nfhQ;rkhf my;Fu;Md; ,wq;fpaikapdhNyNa ,J rhj;jpakhdJ.

my;Fu;Md; xU tho;f;if newp vd;gJk; ,jd; %yk; cWjpg;gl;lJ.

! “vq;fspy; xt;nthUtUk; my;Fu;Mdpd; gj;J trdq;fisg; gbj;J> mtw;wpd;

fUj;ij tpsq;fp> mjd; topapy; epd;W nrayhw;wpa gpd;dNu mLj;j

trdq;fisg; gbf;f Kw;gLtu;” vd;W mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D k];Cj; (uop)

mtu;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;fs;.

! my;Fu;Mdpd; Njit xU Gjpa rKjhaj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;GtjhfNt ,Ue;jJ.

me;jr; rKjhaj;jpd; ek;gpf;iff; Nfhl;ghLfs;> rKjha khz;Gfs;> r%f

cwTfs; Nghd;w gy;NtW tplaq;fisf; fhy tsu;r;rp> re;ju;g;g #o;epiy>

r%fj;jpd; Njit vd;gtw;wpw;Nfw;g mUsg;gLtNj nghUj;jkhdjhFk;.

my;Fu;Md; xNu jlitapy; mjd; nkhj;j cUtpy; mUsg;glhky; gbg;gbahf

mUsg;gl ,jidAk; xU fhuzkhff; nfhs;syhk;.

! ,jdhy; egpatu;fs; my;Fu;Mdpd; Nghjidfis kf;fSf;F Xjpf; fhz;gpj;J>

mtu;fsJ cs;sj;ijg; gupRj;jg;gLj;jp> tplaq;fisj njspTgLj;jpdhu;fs;.

“ehk; ,e;j my;Fu;Mid vjw;fhf nfhQ;rk; nfhQ;rkhf ,wf;fpNdhnkdpy;

e Pu ; ,ij kf ;fSf;F epWj ;j p e pWj ;j p Xjpf ; fhl ;l Ntz;Lk ;

vd;gjw;fhfj;jhd;;||(gD} ,];uhaPy; : 107)

! ,jd; NghJ egpatu;fsplk; gy;NtW tpdhf;fisr; r`hghf;fSk;> fhgpu;fSk;

tpdtpdhu;fs;. mtw;Wf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW> cupa re;ju;g;gj;jpy; tpilaspj;J

khu;f;fj;jpd; capNuhl;lj;ijf; fhj;Jr; nry;tjw;Fk; mt;tg;NghJ my;Fu;Mdpd;

trdq;fs; mUsg;gl Ntz;bapUe;jd. cjhuzkhf> ku;jj; my; fdtp

(uop) ,izitf;Fk; ngz;iz kzg;gJ rk;ge;jkhf egpfshuplk; njspit

Ntz;ba NghJ> mJ jLf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gij tpsf;Fk; #uJy; gfuhtpd; 221

Mk; trdk; ,wf;fg;gl;lJ.

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! my;Fu;Mdpd; Nehf;fj;ij mile;J nfhs;tjw;F mJ gbg;gbahf

,wf;fg;gLtNj my;yh`;tpd; jpl;lkhfTk; ,Ue;jJ.

! my;Fu;Mid ahUk; kpiff;f KbahJ vd;gijAk; mJ my;yh ;̀tplkpUe;J

mUsg;gLfpd;w mw;Gj Ntjk; vd;gijAk; mij epuhfupg;NghUf;F

clDf;Fld; ep&gpg;gjw;fhfTk; my;Fu;Md; gFjpgFjpahf ,wq;fpaJ.

“ck;kplk; mtu;fs; ve;j cjhuzj;ijf; nfhz;L te;jhYk; (mijtpl)

cz;ikahdijAk; kpf mofpa tpsf;fj;ijAilaij ehk; ck;kplk;

nfhz;L te;J tpLNthk;.” (25:33)

“,iz itg;gtu;fs; Gjpa ghzpapy; Vjhtnjhd;iwf; Nfl;Ltpl;lhy;

my;yh`;Tk; Gjpa ghzpapy; mjw;F gjpiy toq;fptpLthd;” (mwptpg;gtu; :

,g;D mg;gh];> E}y; : ,g;D mgP`hjpk;)

my;Fu;Mdpd; njhFg;Gk; ghJfhg;Gk;my;Fu;Mdpd; njhFg;Gk; ghJfhg;Gk;my;Fu;Mdpd; njhFg;Gk; ghJfhg;Gk;my;Fu;Mdpd; njhFg;Gk; ghJfhg;Gk;my;Fu;Mdpd; njhFg;Gk; ghJfhg;Gk;

! gFjp gFjpahf> fhy #oYf;F Vw;w tpjj;jpy; ,wf;fg;gl;l my;Fu;Mdpd;

njhFg;Gg; gzp gy;NtW fhyfl;lq;fspy; ,lk; ngw;wJ.

! egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ fhyj;jpy; my;Fu;Md; trdq;fs; ,wf;fg;gl;lhy; mjid

egpatu;fs; kddk; nrha;Jnfhs;thu;fs;. mt;tifapy; my;yh`;tplkpUe;J

Neubahf my;Fu;Midg; ngw;wtu;fs; vd;w tifapy; my;Fu;Mid

KOikahf kddkpl;ltu;fshf egpfshu; (]y;) mtu;fs; jpfo;e;jhu;fs;.

! mtu;fsJ kddk;> ,wq;fpa Kiwapyd;wp jpyhtJy; Fu;Md; vd;Dk; xjg;gLk;

Kiwapy; mike;jpUe;jJ. ,wf;fg;gLfpd;w ve;jnthU trdKk; #uhtpy;

ve;j trdj;jpw;F Kd;dhy; my;yJ gpd;dhy; ,lk; ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;w

tifapy; egpfshu; mwpt+l;lg;gl;bUe;jhu;fs;.

! me;j mikg;gpNyNa egpfshiug; gpd;gw;wp r`hghf;fSk; kddkpl;ldu;.

mtu;jk; gps;isfisAk; kddkplj; J}z;bdhu;fs;. mt;tifapy; egpfshu;

fhyj;jpNyNa mjpfkhd r`hghf;fs; ̀ hgpo;fshfj; jpfo;e;jhu;fs;. ,t;thwhd

vOtiu r`P`{y; Gfhup ngau; Fwpj;Js;sJ.

! mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D k];Cj;> KMj; ,g;D [gy;> nra;j; gpd; rhgpj;> cig

,g;D f/g;> ]hypk; gpd; k/fy;> mG+irj;> mg+ju;jh (uop) MfpNahNu ngau;

Fwpg;gplg;gl;ltu;fs; Mtu;.

! Mdhy;> ,tu;fs; jtpu ,d;Dk; mjpfkhd r`hghf;fs; my;Fu;Mid

kddkpl ;bUe ;jhu ;fs ; . akhkh Aj ;jj ;j py ; vOgJ r`hghf ;fs ;

\`Pjhf;fg;gl;lhu;fs; vd;w mwptpg;G ,jid cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ. ,t;thW

kddk; nra;tjd; %yk; my;Fu;Md; ghJfhf;fg;gl;Lte;jJ.

! my;Fu;Mid ju;jPGj; jpyhtj; Kiwapy; XJtjd; %yk; my;Fu;Md;

ghJfhf;fg;gl;lJ. njhOk; NghJ egpfshUk; r`hghf;fSk; ,t;thW Xjf;

$batu;fshf ,Ue;jdu;. NkYk; ,uT Neuq;fspy; my;Fu;Mid ePz;l

Neuk; XJk; tof;fk; ]`hghf;fsplk; fhzg;gl;lJ. egp (]y;) mtu;fs;

,jid mbf;fb $wpAs;shu;fs;. mg+ %]h my; m\;mup (uop) mtu;fs;

,t;thW Gfog;gl;ltupy; xUtu; Mthu;.

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! NkYk;> egpfshu; xt;nthU ukohdpYk; mJtiu mUsg;gl;bUe;j my;Fu;Md;

KOtijAk; Xjpf;fhl;Lthu;fs;. ,Wjp ukohdpy; ,uz;L Kiw ,lk;ngw;w

,j;jifa epfo;tpy; irj; gpd; ]hgpj; (uop) mtu;fSk; cld; ,Ue;jik

tpNrl mk;rkhFk;.

! ,t;thW Xjy;> kddkply; vd;gtw;Wf;Fk; Nkyhf> my;Fu;Md; trdq;fs;

vOjg;gl;Lk; te;jd. md;W vOj;J Kiw ngUtsu;r;rp milahjpUe;jhYk;

vOjf; $ba r`hghf;fs; Rkhu; ,Ugj;jhW Ngustpy; ,Ue;jjhff;

Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. mtu;fSs; xU FOtpdu; t`pia vOJk; FOtpduhf

epakpf;fg;gl;L gzpahw;wp te;jdu;. irj; gpd; ]hgpj;> myp> KMtpah> cig

,g;D f/g; Nghd;Nwhu; mjpy; ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jdu;. mf;fhyj;jpy; Glit>

vYk;G> Njhy;> gyif><r;rk; gl;il> ntz;fw;fs; vd;gtw;wpy; mit

vOjg;gl;ld. “E}d;> vOJNfhypd; kPJk;> mjidf; nfhz;L vOjpaitfs;

kPJk; rj;jpakhf” (fyk; : 01) “mtd;jhd; vOJNfhiyf; nfhz;L fw;Wf;

nfhLj;jhd;” (myf; :04) Kjypa my;Fu;Md; Maj;Jf;fs; mf;fhyj;jpy;

vOj;J Kiw tof;fj ;jpypUe;jij cWjpg ;gLj;Jk; Mjhukhff;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

! egp (]y;) mtuf;sJ ,Wjpf; fhyk; tiu ,wq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jik> ,wq;Fk;

KiwAk; XJk; xOq;FKiwAk; NtWgl;bUe;jik> xU trdk; kw;nwhU

trdj;ij khw;Wk; epiy fhzg;gl;lik Nghd;w fhuzq;fshy; my;Fu;Md;

KOikahd xNu njhFg;G E}yhf vOjg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. vd;whYk; KOf;

Fu;MDk; XJk; Kiwapy; Xu; xOq;fikg;G Kiwiag; ngw;wpUe;jJ. ,jidNa

[pg;uPy; (miy) mtu;fs; Xjpf; fhz;gpj;jhu;fs;.

my;Fu;Md; njhFg;gpd; ,uz;lhk; fl;lk;.my;Fu;Md; njhFg;gpd; ,uz;lhk; fl;lk;.my;Fu;Md; njhFg;gpd; ,uz;lhk; fl;lk;.my;Fu;Md; njhFg;gpd; ,uz;lhk; fl;lk;.my;Fu;Md; njhFg;gpd; ,uz;lhk; fl;lk;.

! egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ tghj;Jf;Fg; gpd;du; mg+gf;u; (uop) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpy;

my;Fu;Mid xU E}yhfj; njhFf;f Ntz;bajd; mtrpak; czug;gl;lJ.

,jid ca;j;Jzu;e;jtu; cku; (uop) mtu;fshtu;. akhkhg; Nghupy;

vOgJf;Fk; mjpfkhd `hgpo;fs; \`Pjhdhu;fs; vd;w tplaj;ij cku;

(uop) my;Fu;Mdpd; vjpu;fhy ghJfhg;G vd;w mk;rj;NjhL njhlu;GgLj;jp

rpe;jpj;jhu;fs;. mjdhy;> my;Fu;Md; ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lkhdhy; mJ

vOj;JUtpy; xU fpjhghf vOjg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W Nahrpj;J mg+gf;u; (uop)

mtu;fsplk; jdJ fUj;ij Kd;itj;jhu;fs;.

fyPgh mg+gf;u; (uop) mtu;fs; egpfshu; nra;a Kidahj gzp vd;w

tifapy; Muk;gj;jpy; kWj;jhYk; gpd;du; r%f eyd; vd;w tifapy; mjd;

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;L my;Fu;Mid xd;Wjpul;Lk; gzpapy;

,wq;fpdhu;fs;.

! my;Fu;Mid E}YUthf;Fk; ,g;gzpf;F ,isQUk;> Fj;jhGy; t`papd;

jiytUk;> [pg;uPy; (miy) egpfshUf;F my;Fu;Mid Xjpf;fhl;Lk; NghJ

mUfpy; ,Ue;J jdJ kddj;ijr; rupghu;j;Jf; nfhz;ltUkhd i]j; gpd;

]hgpj; (uop) epakpf;fg;gl;lhu;fs;. mtu; xU `hgpohf ,Ue;jJld; fpuhmj;>

eh]pf; - kd;#f;> ]gGd; E]{y; Kjypa fiyfspy; Nju;r;rp ngw;wtuhfTk;

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,Ue;jhu;fs;. vd;whYk; ,g;gzpapd; fbdk; Fwpj;J mtu;fs; gpd;tUkhW

$wpdhu;fs;.

! “vd;dplk; xU kiyia Xuplj;jpypUe;J ,d;Ndhu; ,lj;jpw;F ngau;f;Fk;

gzp xg;gilf;fg;gl;bUe;jhy; ,g;nghWg;igtpl mjid ,yFthf Vw;Wf;

nfhz;bUg;Ngd;||

! i]j; gpd; ]hgpj; (uop) jkJ njhFg;Gg; gzpia kpf Mjhug+u;tkhdjhfr;

nra;tjpy; cWjpahf ,Ue;jhu;fs;. ve;jnthU Fu;Md; trdj;ijAk; mjw;fhd

,uz;L rhl;rpfs; ,y;yhky; Vw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iy. kddkplg;gl;lit

vOjpitf;fg;gl;ltw;WlDk;> vOjp itf;fg;gl;lit kddj;NjhLk; xg;gpl;L

rupghu;f;fg;gl;l gpd;dNu Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,jw;fhf vOj;Jg; gpujpfis

xd;W jpul;Lk; ngUk; gzpapy; ,uTgfyhf <Lgl;lhu;fs;. NkYk; kddj;ij

kl;Lk; mbg;gilahf itj;J my;Fu;Mid njhFf;ftpy;iy. kddj;ij

vOj;JUtpy; fz;l gpd;Ng Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhu;fs;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> #uJj;

jt;ghtpd; filrp trdq;fs; mg+ Firkh (uop) ,lkpUe;J ngWk; tiu

mjid kddkpl;ltu;fsplkpUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;sj; jaq;fp epd;whu;fs;.

! ,t;thW mtjhdkhfTk;> Mjhug+u;tkhfTk; njhFf;fg;gl;l K];̀ g; mg+gf;u;

(uop) ,lk; ifaspf;fg;gl;lJ. gpd;du; mg;gpujp cku; (uop) ,lKk; mtu;fSf;Fg;

gpd; `g;]h(uop) ,lKk; ifaspf;fg;gl;L ghJfhf;fg;gl;lJ.

my;Fu;Md; njhFg;gpd; %d;whk; fl;lk;my;Fu;Md; njhFg;gpd; %d;whk; fl;lk;my;Fu;Md; njhFg;gpd; %d;whk; fl;lk;my;Fu;Md; njhFg;gpd; %d;whk; fl;lk;my;Fu;Md; njhFg;gpd; %d;whk; fl;lk;

! my;Fu;Md; njhFg;gpd; %d;whk; fl;lkhf> c];khd; (uop) mtu;fSila

fhyj;jpy; XJk; Kiwapy; xUikg;ghl;ilg; NgZk; tifapy; my;Fu;Md;

gpujpfs; jahupf;fg;gl;lik nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. ,r; nraw;ghl;bw;Ff; fhuzkhf

mike;jtu; `{ijgJy; akhdp(uop) mtu;fshtu;.

! c];khd;(uop) fhyj;jpy; ,];yhk; vfpg;J> ghurPfk;> tl Mgpupf;fh> kj;jpa

Mrpah tiu gutpapUe;jJ. ,e;epiyapy; Mq;fhq;Nf tho;e;j K];ypk;fs;

my;Fu;Mid XJk; Kiwapy; xNu Kiwiag; gpd;gw;wtpy;iy. gy gFjpfspYk;

gy Kiwfs; gpd;gw;wg;gl;ld. cjhuzkhf : $ghthrpfs;> ,g;D k];Cj;

(uop) mtu;fspd; Kiwiag; gpd;gw;wpAk;> g]uhthrpfs; mg+%]h m\;mup(uop)

mtu;fisg; gpd;gw;wpAk;> rpupahtpy; kpf;jhj; gpd; m];tj; (uop) mtu;fspd;

Kiwiag; gpd;gw;wpAk; Xjp te;jdu;.

! ,t;thW my;Fu;Mid XJk; Kiwapy; rpupahthrpfSk;> <uhf; thrpfSk;

jhk; XJk; KiwNa rupahdJ vd;W thjpLk; msTf;F te;Jtpl;l epiyia

Mu;kPdpa Aj;jj;jpd; NghJ mtjhdpj;j ̀ {ijgJy; akhdp (uop) ,t;tplaj;ij

c];khd; (uop) mtu;fsplk; Kd;itj;jhu;fs;. ,e;epiy njhlu;e;jhy; a+ju;fs;

Nghy K];ypk;fSk; fUj;JNtWghl;lhy; gpsTgl NeupLk; vd;W Rl;bf;fhl;ba

NghJ c];khd; (uop) mtu;fs; mjw;fhd eltbf;ifapy; ,wq;fpdhu;fs;.

! cr;rupg;gpy; xUikg;ghl;il Njhw;Wtpf;Fk; nraw;jpl;lj;jpw;fhf xU FOit

epakpj;jhu;fs;. i]j; gpd; ]hgpj;> mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D Rigu;> ]<j; ,g;D

M];> mg;Ju; u`;khd; my; `hup]; (uop) Mfpa ehy;tu; mf;FOtpy; ,lk;

ngw;wdu;.

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! ,tu;fs; ̀ g;]h (uop) mtu;fsplk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L te;j K];`igj; jOtp

Fiw\pfspd; nkhopeilapy; VO gpujpfisj; jahupj;jhu;fs;. mit $gh>

g]uh> kf;fh> kjPdh> lk];f];> vkd;> g ;̀iud; Mfpa gFjpfSf;F mjid

Xjpf;fhl;Lk; fhupfSld; mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;ld.

! c];khd; (uop) Nkw;nfhz;l ,g; gzpia ]`hghf;fs; midtUk; Vw;Wf;

nfhz;lik rpwg;ghd mk;rkhFk;. ,t;thW jahupf;fg;gl;l gpujp mg+gf;u;

(uop) fhyj;jpy; njhFf;fg;gl;l gpujpapypUe;J NtWglhJ fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jd;

%yk; my;Fu;Mid XJk; Kiwapy; r%fj;ij xd;wpizf;Fk; Kf;fpakhd

gzpia epiwNtw;wpaikahy; c];khd; (uop) mtu;fs; ~~[hkpcy; Fu;Md;||

vd miof;fg;glyhdhu;. ̀ p[;up 25 ,y; ,lk;ngw;w ,g;gzpAld; my;Fu;Mdpd;

njhFg;Gg; gzp epiwtilfpwJ.

my;Fu;Mdpd; ghJfhg;G :my;Fu;Mdpd; ghJfhg;G :my;Fu;Mdpd; ghJfhg;G :my;Fu;Mdpd; ghJfhg;G :my;Fu;Mdpd; ghJfhg;G :

! my; Fu;Md; mJ mUsg;gl;l mNj mikg;gpy; mZtsNtDk; khw;wkpd;wp

gjpehd;F E}w;whz;Lfshf ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUtJ mjd; mw;Gjj; jd;ikf;F

kfj;jhd vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;. my;Fu;MDf;Fg; gpwF vOjg;gl;l vj;jidNah

ngWkjp tha;e;j E}y;fs; Kw;whf mope;J tpl;ld. Mdhy;> ve;j

mdh;j;jq;fshYk; #o;r;rpfshYk; my;Fu;Mid mopf;f Kbatpy;iy. Vd;

Xu; vOj;ijf; $l khw;w Kbatpy;iy. c];khd; (uop) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpy;

vOjg;gl;l my;Fu;Mdpd; ,uz;L gpujpfs; ,d;Wk; $l ghJfhf;fg;gl;L

tUfpd;wik rpwe;j vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;.

! my;Fu;Md; ,wq;fpa fhyj;jpy; mijg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l r%fk; kpfTk;

gpd;jq;fpa epiyapy; fhzg;gl;lJ. mtu;fSila vjpupfshy; gy tifahd

,d;dy;fSf;Fk; ,yf;fhf;fg;gl;Lf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jJ. NkYk;> vOj;jwpT

,y;yhj r%fkhfTk;> vOJtjw;fhd cgfuzq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd

tha;g;G mupjhd fhykhfTk; fhzg;gl;l md;W> my; Fu;Midg; ghJfhf;Fk;

gzpapy; <Lgl;lik xU tuyhw;Wr; rhjidahFk;.

! Mdhy;> my; Fu;Mdhfpa ,Wjp Ntjj;ijg; ghJfhf;Fk; nghWg;ig my;yh ;̀

kdpju;fSf;F tplhky; jhNd Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhd;. “epr;rakhf ehk; jhd;

,t;Ntjj;ij ck;kPJ ,wf;fp itj;Njhk;. epr;rakhf ehNk mjd;

ghJfhtyu;fshNthk;” (my; `p[;u; : 09)

! mt;tifapy; my;Fu;Midg; ghJfhg;gjpy; my;yh`;tpd; gy jpl;lq;fis

ehk; mtjhdpf;fyhk;. my;Fu;Midg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l mNugpa r%fk;

vOj;jwptpy;yhj r%fk;jhd;. Mdhy;> kpFe;j epidthw;wYila r%fkhf

,Ue;jJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf> my;Fu;Mid mtu;fshy; kddk; nra;J ghJfhf;f

KbAkhf ,Ue;jJ. my;Fu;Md; rpwpJ rpwpjhf ,wf;fg;gl;likAk;> njhOifapy;

mjid Xj Ntz;Lk; vd;w Vw;ghLk; my;Fu;Md; ghJfhf;fg;gl

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l xU Kiwahf mike;jnjdyhk;.

! mt;tifapy;> my;Fu;Mid Neubahfg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l egpfshu; cs;sj;jpy;

mjidg; gjpj;Jg; ghJfhf;Fk; nghWg;ig my;yh`; Vw;whd;. Muk;gj;jpy;

my;Fu;Md; ,wq;fpa NghJ mjid kwe;JtpLNtNdh vd;w mr;rj;jpy;

egpatu;fs; Ntfkhf ehit mirj;J Xjp kddkpLtjw;F Kw;gl;lhu;fs;.

egpfshu; mt;thW rpuknkLf;fj; Njit ,y;iy vd my;yh ;̀ egpfshUf;F

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mwptpj;jhd;. “egpNa ,jw;fhf (Fu;Mid kddk; nratjw;fhf) mtrug;gl;L

ckJ ehit mirf;fhjPu;fs;. mijj; jpul;LtJk;> Xjr; nra;tJk; ek;ikr;

rhu;e;jJ.” (my; fpahkh : 16-19) (NkYk; jh`h : 114) mjd; gpwF [pg;uPy;

(miy) Xjpf;fhl;Lk; trdq;fs; vt;tsT mjpfkhf ,Ue;j NghJk; mit

mz;zyhupd; cs;sj;jpNy mg;gbNa gjpthfptpLk;.

! mLj;J> fy;tpQhdKilatu;fspd; cs;sq;fspYk; mjidg; gjpj;Jg;

ghJfhf;Fk; Vw;ghl;ilr; nra;jhd;. “khwhf ,it njspthd trdq;fs;.

fy;tp toq;fg;gl;Nlhupd; cs;sq;fspy; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mePjp ,ioj;Njhiuj;

jtpu NtW vtUk; ekJ trdq;fis kWf;fkhl;lhu;fs;.” (my; md;fg+j; :

49) ,d;W tiu ngUe;njhifahd kdpj cs;sq;fspy; ,e;j Fu;Md; kddk;

nra;ag;gl;Lg; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.

! NkYk;> my;yh`; my; Fu;Mid kddkpLtjw;F ,yFthd E}yhf Mf;fp

itj;jpUf;fpwhd;. ,jdhy; rpwpNahu;> ngupNahu;> Mz;fs;> ngz;fs; vd

midtuhYk; gFjp mstpNyh KOikahfNth kddkplg;gl;Lg;

ghJfhf;fg;gLfpwJ.

! my;Fu;Md; Xjg;gLtjd; %yKk; ghJfhf;fg;gLfpwJ. XJk; NghJ mJ

kdJf;F ,dpikahdjhfTk;> MWjyhfTk; mike;Js;sJ. vj;jid jlit

XjpdhYk; njtpl;lhj jd;ikAk;> goikailahj GJikAk; my;Fu;MDf;F

cz;L.

! my;Fu;Md; ,d;Wtiu ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUtjw;F ,d;ndhU fhuzk;> mJ

tho;f;ifNahL neUq;fpa njhlu;igf; nfhz;Ls;sikahFk;. kdpj

tho;f;ifapd; ve;jtpj gpur;rpidf;Fk; vf;fhyj;jpYk; jPu;T nrhy;Yk; mjd;

jdpj;Jtk; mJ kdpju;fsplkpUe;J J}ukhftpy;iy vd;gijAk; ehSf;F

ehs; mjd; Njit mjpfupj;J tUfpd;wJ vd;gijAk; cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ.

! NkYk;> my;Fu;Mdpd; mwptpay; cz;ikfs; ,d;Wtiu khwhky; ,Ug;gJld;>

mwptpay; tsu;r;rpf;Nfw;g mjd; fUj;Jf;fSk; GJik ngWfpd;w jd;ik

my;Fu;Md; ghJfhf;fg;gLtjpy; ,d;ndhU mk;rkhFk;.

! mj;Jld; my;Fu;Md; $Wfpd;w vjpu;T $wy;fs; ,d;Wtiu epiwNtwp

tUfpd;wik mjd; [Ptj;Jbg;Gf;Ff; fhuzkhf tpsq;FfpwJ.

! my;Fu;Md; tpLf;fpd;w rthy;fs; ,d;Dk; Kwpabf;fg;glhik mJ fhyk;

fle;j xd;wy;y vd;gij ep&gpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ,dpAk; mJ njhlUk;.

! ,t;thW my;Fu;Md; ,d;W tiu ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUtjw;F Kf;fpa fhuzkha;

miktJ mjd; J}a;ikj; jd;ikahFk;. mjpy; ve;jtpj ,ilr;nrUfy;fNsh>

kdpj fUj;Jf;fNsh ,lk; ngwtpy;iy. mjdhy; ,iwthf;fpw;Nf cupa

caupa me;j];Jld; cyfpy; jiy epkpu;e;J epw;fpwJ.

! NkYk;> my;Fu;Md; cyfpy; Fwpj;j xU ,dj;jpw;fhdjhf mikahky; KO

kdpj r%fj;jpw;Fkhd miog;ghf mike;Js;sJ. mjdhy;> kdpju; thOk;

fhynky;yhk; my;Fu;MDk; thOk;.

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Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 2 .32.32.32.32.3 ::::: ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;gtjpy; Fu;Md;,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;gtjpy; Fu;Md;,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;gtjpy; Fu;Md;,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;gtjpy; Fu;Md;,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;gtjpy; Fu;Md;

nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpa tpjj;ijj; njspTgLj;Jthu;nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpa tpjj;ijj; njspTgLj;Jthu;nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpa tpjj;ijj; njspTgLj;Jthu;nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpa tpjj;ijj; njspTgLj;Jthu;nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpa tpjj;ijj; njspTgLj;Jthu;



! rl;lthf;fj;jpy; my;Fu;Mdpd; topfhl;liyf; fw;W tpsf;Fthu;.

! rl;lthf;fj;jpy; my;Fu;Mdpd; mZFKiwfis tpsq;fp vLj;Jiug;ghu;.

! rl;lthf;fj;jpy; my;Fu;Mdpd; gq;fpid cjhuzq;fs; %yk; vLj;Jf;

fhl;Lthu;.

! my;Fu;Md; Kd;itf;Fk; rl;lq;fs; vy;yhf; fhyj;jpw;Fk; nghUj;jkhdit

vd;gij Mjhuq;fSld; ep&gpj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.


! my;Fu;Md; xU Gjpa \uPMit Kd;itj;jJ. mjd; %yk; mjw;F Kd;

fhzg;gl;l midj;J \uPMf;fSk; khw;wg; gl;Ltpl;ld. my;Fu;Mdpd; rl;lq;fs;

,Wjpahd jd;ik ngw;wJ. cyfk; cs;ssTk; epiyj;J epw;Fk; \uPMit

mJ Kd;itj;jJ. mt;tifapy;> my;Fu;Md; ,];yhkpa \uPM rl;lj;jpd;

gpujhd %yhjhukhfTk;> gpujhd rl;l Cw;whfTk; jpfo;fpwJ. ,jd; %yk;

mjw;F khwhd rfy kdpj rl;lq;fSk; epuhfupf;fg;gLfpd;wd. cz;ikapy;

kdpju;fspd; rl;lq;fs; FiwawpTila %isapy; cjpj;jitahFk;. Mdhy;>

kdpjidg; gilj;jtDk;> mtDf;Fs;Ns gy ,ay;Gfis cUthf;fpatDk;>

mt;tpay;Gfis Gupe;J itj;jpUg;gtDkhfpa my;yh`; jhd; rl;lkpaw;w

jFjpgilj;jtdhfpd;whd;. NkYk;> cyfKk; cyfj;jpy; cs;sitAk;

mtDf;Nf nrhe;jkhdit. vdNt> mtw;iw vt;thW gpuNahfpf;f Ntz;Lk;

vd;W $Wk; tplaj;jpw;Fj; jFjpgilj;jtDk; cupikahsDk; mtNdahthd;.

! my;yh`; my;Fu;Md; %yk; cyFf;F mspj;Js;s rl;lq;fs; cyfj;jpd;

tstho;it khj;jpuk; Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;ljd;W. khwhf> kWikiaAk;

Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;lJ. kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;Ds;s tho;T gw;wpAk; ,];yhkpa

\uPM ftdj;jpy; nfhz;Ls;sJ. Vida rl;lq;fspypUe;J ,r;rl;lk; rpwg;Gg;

ngWtJ ,jdhNyahFk;.

! my;Fu;Mdpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s trdq;fspy; Rkhu; Ie;E}W trdq;fs; rl;l

trdq;fs; vd;Wk; mit \uPM Jiwapd; gy;NtW tplaq;fs; gw;wpg; NgRfpd;wd

vd;Wk; rl;lj;Jiw ty;Ydu;fs; $Wfpd;wdu;.

! my;Fu;Mdpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s rpy rl;lq;fis ~,ghuJe;e];| vd;Wk;

~,\huJe;e];| vd;Wk; ~,f;jpyhTd;e];| vd;Wk; gpupj;J tpsf;Ftu;.

~~,ghuJe;e];|| vd;gJ njspthd rl;lk; vdg;gLk;. “jha; je;ijaiu Nehf;fp

‘rP| vd;Wk; $whNj vd;w trdk; njspthd rl;l trdkhFk;. ngw;Nwhu;fSf;F

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vt;tpj mepahaKk; nra;af; $lhJ vd;gJ mjpypUe;J ngwg;gLk; KbthFk;.

,J ,\huJe;e]; vd;Wk; $wg;gLk;. mjhtJ ,\huJe;e]; vd;gJ njspthd

rl;l trdj;jpypUe;J ngwg;gLk; Vida KbTfisf; Fwpf;Fk;.

! mt;thNw ,ghuJe;e];]pypUe;J ngwg;gLk; kiwKf Nfhupf;iffs;

,f;jpyhce;e]; vdg;gLk;. cjhuzkhf njhOifia epiyepWj;JkhW

my;Fu;Md; $WfpwJ. njhOiff;Fj; Njitahd Rj;jk; Kjypa mk;rq;fs;

mjd; kiwKf Nfhupf;iffshFk;. ,J ~~,f;jpyhce;e];|| vdg;gLk;.

! rl;lthf;fj;jpd; NghJ my;Fu;Md; rpy gbKiwfs; $ba mZFKiwfisAk;

ifahz;Ls;sJ. Nehnahd;wpid mfw;Wtjw;F gbg;gbahfNt rpfpr;ir

mspf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mt;tikg;gpy; mwpahik vDk; Nehapy; cod;W

nfhz;bUe;j kf;fisg; gbg;gbahf jdJ mZFKiwapD}lhf xspf;Ff;

nfhz;L tUk; tpjkhf my;Fu;Md; jdJ rl;lq;fis Kd;itj;jJ.

! kf;fh fhyg;gFjpapy; Vfj;Jtk;> Rtu;f;fk;> eufk;> kWik gw;wpa tplaq;fSf;F

Kd;Dupikaspj;jJ. mtw;Wld; RUf;fkhdJk;> vspikahdJkhd rl;lq;fis

mf;fhyg; gFjpAs; ,wf;fpaJ. #uh my;Gu;fhd;> my; md;Mk;> my; ,];uh>

my; K/kpD}d; Kjypa kf;fp #uhf;fspy; ,jid mtjhdpf;fyhk;. NkYk;

kf;fh fhyg;gFjpapy; tl;b jil nra;ag;gl;lik> msit epWitfspy;

Nkhrb nra;jy; $lhJ Nghd;w r%ftpay; rl;lq;fSld; njhOif> ]fhj;>

`[; njhlu;ghd rpy rl;lq;fSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

! mLj;J my;Fu;Md; jdpkdpj> FLk;g> r%f cwTfs;> murpay;> nghUspay;>

thupRupik> Aj;jq;fs;> jz;lid vd jdJ rl;lq;fis kjdp trdq;fspy;

tpupthff; $wpAs;sij mtjhdpf;fyhk;. ,e;jg;gbKiw tsu;r;rpapd; rpwg;gk;rk;

Fwpj;J md;id Map\h (uop) $wpa tplak; Gfhupapy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ.

“my;Fu;MdpNy KjyhtJ mUsg;gl;lJ Rtu;f;fk; - eufk; gw;wpa tpsf;fk;.

kf;fs; ,];yhj;jpd; gf;fk; jpUk;gpa NghJ `yhy;-`uhk; Nghjidfs;

,wq;fpd. khwhf> Kjy; trdk;> “ePq;fs; kJ mUe;j Ntz;lhk;|| vd;W

$wpapUe;jhy;> “ehq;fs; xU NghJk; kJit tplNt khl;Nlhk;|| vd;Nw

kf;fs; $wpapUg;gu;. mt;thNw Kjd; Kjyhf “ePq;fs; tpgrhuk; nra;a

Ntz;lhk;|| vdf; $wpapUg;gpd;> “ehq;fs; xUNghJk; tpgrhuj;ij tplkhl;Nlhk;||

vd;Nw $wpapUg;ghu;fs;.

! my;Fu;Md; Kd;itf;fpd;w rl;l xOq;fpid cw;W Nehf;fpdhy; rpy

tplaq;fis RUf;fkhfTk; NtW tplaq;fs; tpupthfTk; $wg;gl;Ls;sijf;

fhzyhk;. ek;gpf;iff; Nfhl;ghLfs;> jpUkzk;> thupRupik Nghd;wd gw;wpa

rl;lq;fs; tpupthfg; Ngrg;gl;Ls;sd. Mdhy; njhOif> ]fhj;> Nehd;G>

`[; Nghd;w tzf;f Kiwfs; gw;wp RUf;fkhfNt Ngrg;gl;Ls;sd.

! rl;lkpaw;wypy; khwh rl;lq;fisAk; fhyj;jpw;Nfw;g khWk; rl;lq;fisAk;

ftdj;jpw; nfhz;Ls;sik my;Fu;Mdpd; rpwg;gk;rkhFk;. ek;gpf;iff;

Nfhl;ghLfs;> tzf;f topghLfs;> rpy jz;lidfs; Nghd;wtw;wpy; ,Wjpahd

Kbtpidf; $WfpwJ. tpahghu tplaq;fs;> murpay; topKiwfs;> ePjp

toq;Fk; Kiw> Nghd;wtw;wpy ; mbg;gil tpjpfis khj;jpuNk

Kd;itj;Js;sJ. cjhuzkhf : “ePq;fs; ePjkhfNt jPu;g;gspAq;fs;|| ( )

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! my;Fu;Md; gy ,lq;fspy; ,[;jp̀ hjpw;F ,lkspf;Fk; tifapy; rpy mbg;gil

tpjpfis Kd;itj;Js;sJ. vLj;Jf; fhl;lhf : ve;jnthU Md;khTk; mjd;

rf;jpf;Fl;gl;Nl nghWg;Gf; nfhLf;fg;gLk; (my; gfuh : 286)> my;yh`;

khu;f;fj;jpy; rpukj;ij Vw;gLj;jtpy;iy (my; ̀ [; : 78)> my;yh ;̀ ,yFitNa

tpUk;Gfpwhd; f\;lj;ij tpUk;gtpy;iy (my; gfuh : 185)> epu;g;ge;jj;jpw;F

kd;dpg;Gz;L (my; gfuh : 173) Kjypad rl;lq;fis ,aw;Wk; NghJ

ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;ba mbg;gil mk;rkhFk;.

! my;Fu;Mdpd; rl;lthf;fj;jpy; ,d;ndhU rpwg;gk;rk;; mJ ,aw;wpa rl;lj;jpw;fhd

fhuzq;fisj; njspTgLj;Jk; KiwahFk;. ~~j/yPYy; m`;fhk;|| vd;w

,e;j Kiwia my;Fu;Mdpy; rpy ,lq;fspy; mtjhdpf;fyhk;. murpay;>

nghUshjhuk ; > Fw ;wt pay ; rl ;lq ;fs ; Nghd ;wd ngUk ;ghYk ;

,g;gpuptpw;Fl;gl;ldthFk;. rpy tzf;f topghLfSf;Fk; my;Fu;Md; fhuzk;

Kd;itf;fpwJ. njhOif my;yh`;it epidT $u;tjw;fhFk;. Nehd;G

Nehw;wy; jf;thTilatu;fshf MFtjw;fhFk;.

! NkYk; fhy khw;wj;jhy; Njhd;wf; $ba Gjpa gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPu;T

fhZk; tifapy; rpy tplaq;fspy; rl;lkpaw;Wk; mjpfhuj;ij mwpQu;fSf;F

tpl;Litj;Js;sJ. ~~ePq;fs; my;yh`;Tf;Fk;> J}jUf;Fk; cq;fspy;

mjpfhuKilatu;fSf;Fk; fl;Lg;gLq;fs;|| ,t;thW mwpQu;fs; rl;lkpaw;Wk;

NghJ ,[;kh> fpah]; Kjypa Jiz %yhjhuq;fs; Njhw;wk; ngw;wd.

,it my;yh`; kdpju;fs; kPJ nfhz;l fUizapd; tpisNtahFk;.

! ,t;thW my;Fu;Md; njspthd Kiwapy; jdJ rl;lq;fis kdpju;fSf;F

toq;fpAs;sJ. mjdbg;gilapNy rl;lk; tFf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W

tpUk;GfpwJ. my;Fu;Mdpd; rl;lq;fisg; Gwf;fzpg;gJ topNfLk;>

mf;fpukKkhFk; vd;W vr;rupf;fpd;wJ. “jd; ,iwtdpd; trdq;fs;

epidt+l;lg;gl;l gpd;dUk; mtw;iwg; Gwf;fzpg;gtidtpl topnfl;ltd; ahH?

epr;rakhf ehk; mf;fpukf;fhuu;fsplk; gopthq;FNthk;|| (m];][jh : 22)

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mwpe;Jmwpe;Jmwpe;Jmwpe;Jmwpe;J mjd; tiffisAk; mit njhFf;fg;gl;l mjd; tiffisAk; mit njhFf;fg;gl;l mjd; tiffisAk; mit njhFf;fg;gl;l mjd; tiffisAk; mit njhFf;fg;gl;l mjd; tiffisAk; mit njhFf;fg;gl;l


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 2 .42.42.42.42.4 ::::: ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijf;,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijf;,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijf;,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijf;,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;gtjpy;fl;bnaOg;gtjpy;fl;bnaOg;gtjpy;fl;bnaOg;gtjpy;fl;bnaOg;gtjpy;

]_d;dhtpd;]_d;dhtpd;]_d;dhtpd;]_d;dhtpd;]_d;dhtpd; nry;thf;ifnry;thf;ifnry;thf;ifnry;thf;ifnry;thf;if njspTgLj;Jthu;njspTgLj;Jthu;njspTgLj;Jthu;njspTgLj;Jthu;njspTgLj;Jthu;



! ]{d;dh vd;w gjj;ij tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.

! mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij Mjhuq;fSld; Kd;itg;ghu;.

! ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;gtjpy; ]_d;dhtpd; topfhl;ly;fis

tpsq;fp vLj;Jiug;ghu;.

! rl;lthf;fj;jpy; ]{d;dhtpd; mZFKiwfis tpsq;fp vLj;Jiug;ghu;.

! rl;lthf;fj;jpy; ]{d;dhtpd;; gq;fpid cjhuzq;fs; %yk; vLj;Jf;

fhl;Lthu;.


! my;yh ;̀tpd; J}ju; K`k;kj; (]y;) mtu;fs;> jd;idg; gpd;gw;wpa kf;fSf;F

rkaf; Nfhl;ghLfisf; fw;Wf; nfhLj;jhu;fs;. ,k;ik kWik Fwpj;j

tpsf;fq;fis vLj;Jf; fhl;bdhu;fs;. tho;tpd; vy;yh eltbf;if Fwpj;Jk;

fUj;Jg; gupkhwpdhu;fs;. jdpg;gl;l> FLk;g> r%f tho;tpy; Njhd;Wfpd;w

gpur;rpidfSf;fhd jPu;Tfis Kd;itj;jhu;fs;. ntWikapypUe;J Xu; muir

cUthf;fp epUtfpj;jhu;fs;. Njitapd; NghJ gilfisj; jpul;b jhNk

jiyik jhq;fpdhu ;fs;. ntspehl;L cwTfisAk; J}Jj;Jtj;

njhlu;GfisAk; xOq;FgLj;jpdhu;fs;. tof;Ffis tprhupj;J mtw;Wf;fhd

jPu;Tfis toq;fpdhu;fs;. vdNt> ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ij mwpa Kw;gLgtu;fs;

egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; tho;f;ifiaf; fw;fTk;> tpsq;fTk; Ntz;ba Njit

cz;L. mjidg; Gwf;fzpj;J tpl;L Ntnwq;Fk; ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijj;

Njl KbahJ.

! fyhepjp vk;. ̀ kPJy;yh mtu;fspd; ,e;j mwpKfk; ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijf;

fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; ]{d;dhtpd; topfhl;lYk; eilKiwfSk; gq;F

nfhs;fpd;wd vd;gijj; njspthf vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

ehfupfk; vd;gJ #dpaj;jpypUe;J Njhd;Wtjpy;iy. ,];yhkpa fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy;

Nehf;fpdhy;> [h`pypaj;ij xopg;gjpypUe;Jjhd; ehfupfk; Njhd;Wfpd;wJ.

ehfupfk; vd;gjw;Fg; gy;NtW tiutpyf;fzq;fs; $wg;gl;lhYk;>

mitaidj;Jk; ehfupfk; efutho;NthL njlu;GilaJ| vd;gjpy;

xd;WgLfpd;wd. r%f mikg;gpy; kf;fs; ngUFk; NghJ ehfupfk; Njhd;Wfpd;wJ

vd ,g;D fy;J}d; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. tpupthdJk;> cau;thdJkhd fyhrhuj;ijf;

nfhz;l xU r%fj;jpd; Nkdpiyiar; Rl;bf;fhl;LtNj ehfupfk; vd rhKNty;

`d;bq;ld; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

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! ,];yhk; mwpKfkhd kf;fh [h`pypa;aj;jpd; ikakhfj; jpfo;e;jJ. mq;F>

egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ,];yhj;ij mwpKfg;gLj;jpa NghJ-[h`pypa;aj;jpd;

gaq;fu vjpu;g;GlNdNa nray;gl Ntz;bNaw;gl;lJ. a];upg;> kjPdJe;egp

vd ngau; khw;wk; ngw;wJ. ehfupfj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk; jkj;Jj; vd;w nrhy;NyhL

kjPdh vd;w ngau; njhlu;GWfpd;wJ. MfNt kjPdJe;egp vd;gJ egp (]y;)

mtu ;fs ; cUthf ;f pa ehfu pfj ;j pd ; ikak ; vd ;w fUj ;j py ;

ifahsg;gl;bUf;fyhk;.

! kf;fhtpy;> jdp kdpjd; njhlu;ghd Nghjidfis toq;fpa my;Fu;MDk;>

]{d;dhTk; `p[;uj;jpd; gpd;duhd kjPdtho;f;ifg; gFjpapy;> ngUk;ghYk;

FLk;g> r%f> murpay;> nghUshjhu> fyhrhu> ru;tNjrpa tptfhuq;fs;

njhlu;ghd Nghjidfis Kd;itj;jd. kw;nwhU tifapy; nrhy;tjhdhy;

xU ehfupfj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhd topfhl;ly;fs; toq;fg;gl;ld vdyhk;.

! ]{d;dh vd;gJ> egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; nrhy;> nray;> mq;fPfhuk; vd;gtw;iwf;

Fwpf;Fk;. mit> ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; kpFe;j

gq;fspg;igr; nra;Js;sd. ~~w]{y; vd;gJ capNuhbUf;Fk;tiu egp (]y;)

mtu;fisAk;> tghj;Jf;Fg; gpd;du; mtu;fsJ ]{d;dhitAk; Fwpg;gjhf||

,g;D mg;Jy; gu; Fu;Jgp Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. egp (]y;) mtu;fs; capu; thOk;

NghJ ,aq;fpa midj;JNk ]{d;dhthf mikfpd;wd. MfNt> mtu;fsJ

xt;nthU nrhy;Yk; nraw;ghLk; ehfupfj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;g md;W kl;Lky;y>

,d;Wk; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;fpd;wd.

! xU ehfupfk; epue;jukhf miktjw;F mbg;gilfSk;> mtw;iw

eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; xU r%fKk; mr;r%fk; tho;tjw;fhd gpuNjrKk;>

r%fj;ij topelhj;j xU jiyikAk; mtrpakhfpd;wd. vdNtjhd;> ̀ g\h>

jhapg; gpuNjrq;fs; Ma;Tf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;L ,Wjpahf> a];upg; nghUj;jkhd

,lkhf Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;lJ. kf;fhtpypUe;J ntspNawpa K`h[pu;fSk;>

a];upgpypUe;j md;]hupfSk; mjd; jhgf r%fkhf khWfpd;wdu;.

me;jf;fhyj;jpy; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; kf;fSf;F toq;fpa rka> r%f>

murpay;> nghUshjhu> fiy> fyhrhu mk;rq;fs; ,];yhkpa ehfupfkhf

ntspahfpd.

jdpkdpjd; :jdpkdpjd; :jdpkdpjd; :jdpkdpjd; :jdpkdpjd; :

! xU ehfupfj;jpd; nraw;ghl;lhsd; vd;wtifapy;> jdpkdpjd; Kf;fpakhd

xU Gs;spahthd;. vdNt> egp (]y;) mtu;fs;> jdpkdpj cUthf;fj;jpy;>

kf;fh tho;f;ifg; gFjpiag; Nghd;Nw kjPdh tho;f;ifg; gFjpapYk; mjpf

ftdk; nrYj;jpdhu;fs;. vy;NyhiuAk; Mjkpd; (miy) kf;fshfg;

gpufldg;gLj;jpdhu;fs;. ,d> kj> nkhop> epw> gpuNjr NtWghLfis itj;J

kdpjidf; $WNghl mtu;fs; ,lkspf;ftpy;iy. kdpjd;> kw;nwhU kdpjdpd;

mbikahf ,aq;Ftij mtu;fs; tpUk;gtpy;iy. kdpjid my;yh ;̀Tila

mbahdhf ,Uf;fNt topfhl;bdhu;fs;. ,];yhk; Njhd;Wtjw;F Kd;Ng>

jdJ gzpahsdhf mku;j;jg;gl;l i]jpg;D ̀ hupjhit tpLjiy nra;jhu;fs;.

gpw;fhyj;jpy; jdJ mj;ij kfis kzKbf;fr; nra;jhu;fs;. mtu;fsJ

kztho;tpy; frg;G Vw;gl;l NghJ> i]j; (uop) tpLtpj;j kidtpiaj;

jhNd kWkzk; nra;J rkepiyia vLj;Jf;fhl;bdhu;fs;.

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! xUKiw> Mg+ju; (uop) mtu;fs; ̀ g\pahd gpyhy; (uop) mtu;fis fWg;gpapd;

kfNd vd tpspj;j NghJ> NfhgKw;w egp (]y;) mtu;fs;> ~ckJ [h`pypa;aj;

,d;Dk; ePq;ftpy;iy| vdf; $wpf; mg+ju; (uop) mtu;fisf; fbe;J nfhz;lhu;fs;.

ePq;fs; ehfupfkw;w epiyapy; Ngrp tpl;Bu;fs;| vd;W $WtjhfNt me;j

trdj; njhlu; mikfpd;wJ. me;j gpyhy; (uop) mtu;fis> egp (]y;)

mtu;fs; ,];yhj;jpd; Kjy; ~Km];]pdhf| mku;j;jpdhu;fs;. jdJ

,Wjpf;fhyj;jpy; i]j; ,g;D `hupjh (uop) mtu;fspd; kfd; c]hkh

(uop) mtu;fis cau; Fy Fiw\pfs; mlq;fpa gilf;Fj; jsgjpahf

mku;j;jpdhu;fs;. ghurPf ehl;ilr; Nru;e;j ]y;khd; (uop) mtu;fis mwgpauhd

mg+ju; (uop) mtu;fSld; rNfhjudhfg; gpizj;jhu;fs;.

! egp (]y;) mtu;fs; xt;nthU jdpkdpjidAk; fz;zpag;gLj;jpdhu;fs;.

mtu;fspd; jifikf;Nfw;g;g nghWg;Gf;fis toq;fpdhu;fs;. mj;jifikfisg;

ghuhl;bdhu;fs;. c];khd; (uop) mtu;fspd; ntl;f czu;itAk;> mg+ cigjh

(uop) mtu;fspd; ek;gfj; jd;ikiaAk; ghuhl;bdhu;fs;. mg+ cigjh (uop)

mtu;fis mkhDy; ck;kj; vdTk;> fhypj; ,g;D tyPj; (uop) mtu;fis

i]Gy;yh`; vdTk; `{ijgh (uop) mtu;fis ]h`pG]; ]pu; vdTk;

mioj;Jf; fhl;bdhu;fs;. me;jj; jdp egu;fspd; nraw;ghLfis ehfupfj;ijf;

fl;bnaOg;gg; gad;gLj;jpdhu;fs;. ,jid ~egp (]y;) mtu;fs;> kdpju;fis

mtu;fSf;Fupa me;j];jpy; itf;FkhW vq;fSf;F Vtpdhu;fs;| vd Map\h

(uop) mtu;fspd; $w;Wk; ep&gpf;fpd;wJ. (K];ypk;)

FLk;gk; :FLk;gk; :FLk;gk; :FLk;gk; :FLk;gk; :

! ey;y kdpju;fisAk;> rpwe;j r%fj;ijAk; cUthf;Ftjpy; FLk;g

epWtdj;Jf;F ghupa nghWg;G cz;L. mjidr; ruptu epiwNtw;w

Ntz;Lnkd;gjw;fhfNt> ePq;fs; xt;nthUtUk; Nka;g;ghsu;fs;. cq;fs;

Nka;g;igg; gw;wp tprhupf;fg;gLtPu;fs;. (Gfhup) vdf; Fwpg;gpl;l egp (]y;)

mtu;fs; fztd; - kidtp (jha; - je;ijau;) ,UtuJk; nghWg;ig

typAWj;jpdhu;fs;. cq;fspy; rpwe;jtu; cq;fs; kidtpf;F ey;ytu;>

vdf;$wpdhu;fs;. ngz;fspy; rpwe;jtu; ahu; vdf; Nfl;fg;gl;lNghJ fztd;

mtidg; ghu;f;Fk; NghJ kfpo;tpg;ghs;. Vtpdhy; fl;Lg;gLths;. fztdpd;

nrhj;ijAk; jdJ fw;igAk; fhj;Jf; nfhs;ths;. mtDf;F khW

nra;akhl;lhs;. (K];dj; m ;̀kj;) vdg; gjpyspj;jhu;fs;. ngz;fSld; ey;y

Kiwapy; ele;J nfhs;Sq;fs; (Gfhup) vd Mz;fSf;F mwpTWj;jpdhu;fs;.

! rpWtu; kPJ md;G nrYj;jhjtUk; ngupatu;fSf;Fupa flikfis

mwpahjtUk; vk;ikr; rhu;e;jtu;fsy;yu; vd cgNjrpj;j egp (]y;) mtu;fs;>

jkJ nrhe;j tho;tpy; Kd;khjpupahf ele;J nfhz;lhu;fs;. egp (]y;)

mtu;fs;> jkJ kfs; ghj;jpkh (uop) mtu;fs; tPl;Lf;F te;jhy; vOe;J

epd;W Kj;jkpl;L jq;fsJ ,Uf;ifapy; mkur; nra;thu;fs;. egp (]y;)

mtu;fs; ghj;jpkh (uop) mtu;fspd; tPl;Lf;Fr; nrd;why; mtu;fs; vOe;J

egp (]y;) mtu;fis tuNtw;W ifiag; gpbj;J Kj;jkpLthu;fs;. (Gfhup)

jkJ <uy; nfhOe;J vd kfs; kPjhd ghrj;ij ntspg;gLj;jpdhu;fs;. mtu;fspd;

Nguu;fs; `]d; (uop) `{i]d; (uop) Mfpa ,UtiuAk; egp (]y;)

mtu;fs; elj;jpa Kiw gps;is tsu;g;Gf;F rpwe;j Kd;khjpupahf mike;jd.

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mtu;fisj; Njhspy; Rke;jhu;fs;. nry;ykhd tpisahl;LfspYk;

ciuahly;fspYk; <Lgl;lhu;fs;.

cwtpdu;> maytu; :cwtpdu;> maytu; :cwtpdu;> maytu; :cwtpdu;> maytu; :cwtpdu;> maytu; :

! vtu; jkJ ,uzk; (up];f;) tprhypf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;Wk;> MAs; ePbf;fg;gl

Ntz;Lnkd;Wk; tpUk;GfpwhNuh> mtu; jdJ ,uj;j ge;jq;fSld; ,ize;J

thol;Lk;. (Gfhup) vd;W cwtpdu;fis Nerpj;J thoj; J}z;bdhu;fs;. xU

$l;lj;jpy; cwTfisj; Jz;bj;J tho;gtd; ,Ue;jhy; me;jr; rKjhaj;jpy;

my;yh ;̀tpd; mUs; ,wq;fhJ (ig`fp) vd vr;rupj;jhu;fs;. mz;il tPl;lhu;

grpj;jpUf;fj; jhd; khj;jpuk; tapW epiwa cz;gtd; K/kpdhf khl;lhd;.

(K];dj; mg+ y/yh) vd;Wk;> my;yh`;tpd; ghu;itapy; Njhoikahy;

rpwe;jtu;> jdJ Njhou;fsplk; rpwe;jtNu. my;yh`;tpd; ghu;itapy; rpwe;j

maytu;> jdJ mz;il mayhUld; rpwe;jtuhf ,Ug;gtNu (jpu;kpjp) K/

kpd; jdJ rNfhjuDf;Ff; fz;zhbahthd;. kw;nwhU K/kpDf;F

rNfhjuuhthu;. mtiur; Rw;wp epd;W ghJfhj;J mtuJ mopitj; jLg;ghu;.

(mjGy; Kg;uj;)

! xUtu; rpwe;jtuhf thOk; NghJ> mtuJ ehfupfk; kiwKfkhfg; gpurhuk;

nra;ag ;gLk; . ,jw;F tuyhw;w py ; epiwa Mjhuq;fs; cs;sd.

cjhuzj;Jf;fhf xd;iwr; Rl;bf; fhl;LfpNwhk;. nga;&j;jpYs;s gpupj;jhdpa

J}jufj;jpd; Nky;khbapy; xU fpwp];jt ,isQu; epw;fpwhu;. mtu; fPo;Nehf;fpg;

ghijia Nehl;lkpLfpwhu;. mq;F> Xu; ,isQUf;Fk;> KjpatUf;Fkpilapy;

thf;Fthjk; ,lk;ngw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. thf;Fthjk; Kw;wp> Kjpatu;

,isQdpd; fd;dj;jpy; Xq;fpaiwfpwhu;. ,isQNdh gjpyb nfhLf;fhJ

efu;fpwhu;. ,ij mtjhdpj;j me;j fpwp];jt ,isQDf;F Mr;rupakhf

,Ue;jJ. ~K];ypk;fs; mjpfkhf thOk; me;ehl;by; K];ypk;fisf;

$tpaiof;fhky; mbthq;fpa ,isQd; mikjpahfr; nry;fpwhNd| vd

rpe;jpj;jthW fPNo ,wq;fp ,isQidr; re;jpf;fpwhu;.

! ~ehd; me;j a+jdplk; fld; thq;fpapUe;Njd;. cupa Neuj;jpy; mjidf;

nfhLf;f Kbatpy;iy. Mj;jpukile;j mtu;> vd;id mbj;Jtpl;lhu;. thq;fpa

flid cupa Neuj;jpy; nfhLj;JtpLkhW egp (]y;) mtu;fs; vkf;F

mwpTWj;jpapUf;fpwhu;fs;. mg;gbapUf;ff; flidj; jpUg;gpf; nfhLf;fhjJ

vdJ Fw;wNk> vd;W tpsf;fkspj;jhu;.

! mjw;fhf mbf;f Ntz;Lkh? eP Vd; jpUg;gpabf;ftpy;iy. NtW xUtuhf

,Ue;jhy; jpUg;gpabj;jpUg;ghu; my;yth? vd;W tpdtpdhu;. jpUg;gpj; jhf;f

Ntz;Lnkd;w vz;zk; kdjpy; vOe;jJ. mjw;fhd rf;jpAk; vd;dplkpUe;jJ.

Mdhy; egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; thu;j;ij vd;idj; jLj;Jtpl;lJ.

! M! mJ vd;d thu;j;ij vd me;jf; fpwp];jt rNfhjuu; Nfl;lhu;. ~rpwpNahu;

kPJ md;G fhl;lhjtDk;> ngupNahu;fSf;F kupahij nra;ahjtDk; vd;idr;

rhu;e;jtdy;yd; vd egp (]y;) mtu;fs; $wpapUf;fpwhu;fs;.

! ,ijf; Nfl;l mtUf;F Mr;rupak; NknyOe;jJ. 1400 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;du;

Neupy; mwpe;jpuhj xUtu; nrhd;dij ,d;Dk; eilKiwapy; fhl;LfpwhNu.

me;j kdpjdpd; rpwe;j tho;Tk; thf;Fk; vj;jifajhf ,Uf;Fnkd

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tpag;gilfpwhu;. ,Wjpapy; jdJ mYtyfg; gzpiaj; Jwe;J> mwG nkhopiaf;

fw;W> ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;Js; Eioe;J my;Fu;Mid Mq;fpy nkhopapy;

nkhop ngau;j;J ntspapLfpwhu;. mtNu K`k;kj; ku;kba+f; gpf;jhy;

vd;gtuhthu;.

! egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; xU `jP]; nraw;gLj;jg;gl;l NghJ Xu; mwpQiu

,];yhj;jpd; gf;fk; jpir jpUg;gpaJ vd;gJ ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijf;

fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; ]{d;dhtpd; gq;F vj;jifaJ vd;gijj; njspthfNt

vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

r%fk;r%fk;r%fk;r%fk;r%fk; :

! FLk;gq;fspd; njhFjpNa r%fkhFk;. FLk;gq;fs; ey;yjhdhy; r%fKk;

ey;yjhFk;. vdNt> jdp egu;fisAk; FLk;gq;fisAk; ,];yhkpag;gLj;jp

r%fj;ij ,];yhkpakag;gLj;j topfhl;bdhu;fs;. jdp egu;fisAk;>

r%fj;ijAk; clypd; cWg;Gf;fSf;Fk;> fl;llj;jpy; fw;fSf;Fk;

ctikg;gLj;jpf; fhl;bdhu;fs;.

! jdpegu;fisr; r%fj;Jld; gpizg;gjw;F egp (]y;) mtu;fs; Ie;J

tplaq;fisr; nraw;gLj;JkhW Vtpdhu;fs;. xU K];ypk; kw;nwhU K];ypikr;

re;jpj;jhy; ]yhk; $w Ntz;Lk;. mjw;F kw;wtu; gjpy; ]yhk; $w

Ntz;Lk;. mtu; Jk;kp my;`k;Jypy;yh`; vd;W nrhd;dhy; kw;wtu;

au;`KFKy;yh`; vd;W gpuhu;j;jid nra;a Ntz;Lk;. mtu; tpUe;Jf;F

mioj;jhy; r%fkspf;f Ntz;Lk;. ey;YgNjrj;ij - MNyhridia

vjpu;ghu;j;jhy; mwpTiu $w Ntz;Lk;. NehAw;why; eyk; tprhupf;fr; nry;y

Ntz;Lk;. kuzpj;jhy; mtuJ [dh]htpy; gq;F nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,it

kpf ,yFthdjhfTk; > r%f xw;Wikf;fhd rhjdkhfTk; mike;Js;sd.

$lNt> [khmj;> [{k;M njhOiffs;> ]fhj;> Nehd;G> `[; flikfs;

vd;gdTk; jdpegu;fisr; r%fj;Jld; gpizf;fpd;wd. gu;Sfpghahthd

tplaq;fSk; ,g;gzpia epiwNtw;Wfpd;wd. ew;Fzq;fisg; g+uzg;gLj;jNt

jhd; mDg;gg;gl;Ls;sjhff; $wpa egp (]y;) mtu;fs; mg;gz;GfSf;$lhfTk;

,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijf; fl;b vOg;gpdhu;fs;.

! Rje;jpuKk; rkj;JtKKila xU r%fj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Ff; fy;tp

,d;wpaikahjJ vd;gjhy;> egp (]y;) mtu;fs; fw;gij K];ypk;fs; kPJ

flikahf;fpdhu;fs;. (,g;D kh[h) ,];yhj;Jf;F Ke;jpa rKjhak; vOj

thrpf;fj; njupahj ck;kpr; rKjhakhf ,Ue;jJ. mjidf; fy;tp ngw;w

r%fkhf khw;Wtjw;F egp (]y;) mtu;fs; gy;NtW eltbf;iffis

Nkw;nfhz;lhu;fs;. k];[pJe; egtpia xU fy;tpf; $lkhf ,aq;fr; nra;jhu;fs;.

m];`hG]; ]{g;gh vdg;gl;l jdpahd xU FOtpdu; k];[pjpy; jq;fp epd;W

r%fj;Jf;Ff; fy;tp toq;Ftjpy; jPtpukhf <Lgl;lhu;fs;. gpw;fhyj;jpy; k];[pj;

fy;tp epWtdkhfg; gzpahw;wTk;> k];[pj; E}yfq;fs; Njhd;wTk; ,J

Kd;Ndhb elbtbf;ifahf mike;jJ.

! vOj thrpf;fj; njupahj kf;fSf;F> vOjf; fw;gpg;gjw;fhf egp(]y;) mtu;fs;

Gjpa cj;jpnahd;iwf; ifahz;lhu;fs;. gj;Wg; Nghupy; (`p :2)

ifJnra;ag;gl;l> vOj thrpf;fj; njupe;j ifjpfs; kjPdhtpy; thOk; gj;Jr;

rpWtu;fSf;F vOj thrpf;ff; fw;Wf; nfhLj;Jtpl;L tpLjiy ngwyhk;

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vdg; gpufldg;gLj;jpdhu;fs;. ,jdhy; gpw;fhyj;jpy; ,sk; ]`hghf;fs;

midtUk; vOj thrpf;fj; njupe;jtu;fshf khwpdhu;fs;. ,t;thW fw;Wf;

nfhz;l rpWtdhd i]j; ,g;D ]hgpj; (uop) mtu;fs; Fj;jhGy; t`pahfTk;>

my;Fu;Mid E}YUtpy; njhFf;Fk; gzpf;F Kjy;tuhfTk; gzpahw;wpdhu;fs;.

kl;Lkd;wp FWfpa fhyj;jpy; mguhdp nkhopiaf; fw;W egp (]y;) mtu;fs;

a+ju;fSld; fbjj; njhlu;G nfhs;tjw;Fk; cjtpahf epd;whu;fs;.

! K];ypk; r%fj;jpd; kj;jpa epiyakhf k];[pJe; egtpia epWtfpj;j egp

(]y;) mtu;fs;> murpay;> r%f> nghUshjhu> fy;tp> fyhrhu kj;jpa

epiyakhf mjid ,af;fpf; fhl;bdhu;fs;. ,jdhy;jhd; K];ypk;fspd;

fl;Lg;ghl;by; te;j vy;yhg; gpuNjrq;fspYk; k];[pj;fs; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;L

K];ypk;fspd; kj;jpa nrayfkhf nray;gl;ld. mit r%f rPuikg;Gf;Fk;>

rpwg;ghd r%f #oYf;Fk; topfhl;bd. ehfupfj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F

r%f #oy; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. vdNtjhd;> egp (]y;) mtu;fs; kjPdhTf;F

`p[;uj; nra;tjw;F Kd;Ng mjw;fhd mbj;jsj;ij ,l;lhu;fs;. kjPdh

thrpfNshL nra;J nfhs;sg;gl;l KjyhtJ igmJy; mfghtpy; (EGt;tj;

11)

1) xNu ,iwtidj; jtpu NtnwhUtiuAk; tzq;f khl;Nlhk;

mtidj; jtpu NtnwtUf;Fk; fPo;g;gba khl;Nlhk;.

2) jpUl khl;Nlhk;.

3) tpgrhuk; nra;a khl;Nlhk;.

4) vq;fs; Foe;ijfisf; nfhiy nra;a khl;Nlhk;.

5) vtu; kPJk; mtJ}W nrhy;y khl;Nlhk;.

6) egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ve;j ew;nray;fisg; GupAk;gb

fl;lis ,Lfpd;whu;fNsh mtw;iwg; Gwf;fzpf;f khl;Nlhk;.

vd cWjp nkhop toq;f itj;jhu;fs;.

! ,t;tk;rj;ij tpsf;Ftjw;F kw;nwhU epfo;it vLj;Jf;fhl;lyhk;.

E}Wnfhiyfisr; nra;j xUtu;> jhd; ghtkd;dpg;Gg; ngw tha;g;Gz;lh

vdj; Njbaiye;jhu;. xU ngupahuplk; nrd;W jd;idg; gw;wpa tpguq;fisf;

$wpdhu;. mg;NghJ mtu;>

eP kpfg; ngupa jtiwr; nra;jpUf;fpwha;. vdpDk; xd;W nrhy;fpNwd;. ,uz;L

fpuhkq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. xd;wd; ngau; e];uh ;̀. mq;F tho;gtu;fs; Rtu;f;f

thrpfs; nra;Ak; ew;fhupaq;fisr; nra;J nfhz;bUg;ghu;fs;. NtW nray;fspy;

<LgLNthu; mq;F jq;f KbahJ. mLj;jjd; ngau; Fg;uh ;̀. mJ my;yh ;̀it

epuhfupj;jtu;fs; thOkplk;. MfNt> eP e];uh`; vd;w ,lj;Jf;Fr; nry;.

mq;NfNa jq;fpapUe;J me;j kf;fisg; Nghy; nray;gLthahf. mjd;

%yk; ckJ ghtkd;dpg;G Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLk; vd;W cgNjrpj;jhu; (jpg;uhdp)

! ,q;F> ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F rpwe;j r%f #oy;

cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gij egp (]y;) mtu;fs; fhl;br; nrd;Ws;shu;fs;.

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murpay; :murpay; :murpay; :murpay; :murpay; :

! r%fj;ijAk;> ehfupfj;ijAk; fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; gyk; nghUe;jpa xU epWtdk;

murhq;fkhFk;. Mjyhy; tsu;r;rpaile;j r%fj;jpd; murhq;fk; ];jpukhdjhf

,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; kpff; ftdkhf ,Ue;jhu;fs;.

mjw;fhf murpay; eltbf;iffs; gytw;iw Nkw;nfhz;lhu;fs;.

! egp (]y;) mtu;fs; kjPdhTf;F `p[;uj; nra;j gpd; Nkw;nfhz;l gzpfspy;

mq;F tho;e ;j a+ju ;fSld; nra;J nfhz;l cld;gbf;if kpf

Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; fUjpNa gpw;fhyj;jpy; mJ kjPdh

rhrdk; vdg; ngauplg;gl;lJ. kfh rhrdj;ij xj;j jd;ik mjpy; fhzg;gl;lJ.

mjd; %yk; egp(]y;) mtu;fSf;F jiyikj;Jtk; toq;fg;gl;lJ. mjpy;

kjPdhtpy; tho;e;j xt;nthU gpuptpduJk; cupikfs; gjpag;gl;ld. mjd;

gpd;dzpapNyNa egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; murpay; eltbf;iffs; ,lk;ngw;wd.

! jdf;Fg; gpd;du;> r%fj;Jf;Fj; jiyik jhq;Ftjw;Fj; jFjpahdtu;fis

mtu;fs; milahsg;gLj;jpdhu;fs;. Fiw\paupypUe;Nj fyPgh tUthu; vd

xU nghJ epge;jidia itj;jpUe;jhu;fs;. jkJ nraw;ghLfisf;

fye;jhNyhrpj;J eilKiwg;gLj;jp murpay;> r%f tptfhuq;fspy; \{whtpd;

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid vLj;Jf;fhl;bdhu;fs;. ,jdhy; jhd; gpw;fhyj;jpy; fyPgh

cku; (uop) mtu;fs;> k[;yp]{\;\{whit mur epu;thfj;jpd; Xu; mq;fkhf

cWjpg;gLj;jpdhu;fs;. egp (]y;) mtu;fs; Muk;gpj;j ~igmj; Kiw| etPd

thf;fspg;G KiwAld; njhlu;GilajhFk;. xt;nthUtUk; gjtpNaw;w fyPghit

igmj; nra;a Ntz;ba fl;lhak; ,Ue;jJ.

! cld;gbf;if nra;tijAk;> mjid kjpg;gijAk; egp (]y;) mtu;fs;

nra;J nfhz;l cld;gbf;iffs; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. cjhuzkhf

`{ijgpah cld;gbf;if epfo;Tw;w rw;W Neuj;jpy;> kf;fhtpy; ,];yhj;ij

Vw;W> mjd; fhuzkhfj; Jd;GWj;jg;gl;L tpyq;fplg;gl;l epiyapy; mg+[e;jy;

(uop) mtu;fs; `{ijgpahit mile;jhu;fs;. jd;id tpLtpf;FkhW egp

(]y;) mtu;fsplk; tpz;zg;gpj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;fs;. vdpDk; cld;gbf;if

vOjg;gl;Ltpl;ljhy; Fiw\pau; mjw;F Ml;Nrgid njuptpj;jdu;. vdNt>

cld;gbf;ifiaf; nfsutpj;J mtiuj; jpUg;gpaDg;gpaikiar;

Rl;bf;fhl;lyhk;.

! Ml;rpj; jiytUk; rup> mtuJ gpujpepjpahf kw;Nwhuplj;jpy; gzpahw;WgtUk;

rup> jdJ nray;ghLfis vt;thW newpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gij>

egp (]y;) mtu;fs; KMj; ,g;D [gy; (uop) mtu;fis akDf;F

mDg;gpaNghJ tpdtpa tpdhf;fSk; mjw;F mtu;fs; nfhLj;j tpilfSk;

mjid egp (]y;) mtu;fs; mq;fPfupj;jJk; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wd. xU

gpur;rpidf;Fupa jPu;T my;Fu;Mdpy; ,Uf;fpwjh vd;gijg; ghu;f;f Ntz;Lk;.

,y;iyNay; ]{d;dhtpy; ,Uf;fpwjh vd;W Njl Ntz;Lk;. mjpYk;

,y;iynadpy; ,[;jp̀ hj; fz;L topfhz Ntz;Lk; vd;gij me;j ciuahly;

vLj;Jf;fhl;baJ.

! xU jiytu; vt;thW ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;gjw;F egp (]y;) mtu;fspd;

Muk;gfhy nraw;ghnlhd;W Jy;ypakhf vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. gpyhy; (uop)

mtu;fs; $Wfpwhu;fs; : xUehs; ehq;fs; egp (]y;) mtu;fSld; mg+gf;u;

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(uop) mtu;fspd; tPl;by; ,Ue;Njhk;. mg;NghJ fjT jl;Lk; rj;jk; Nfl;lJ.

ntspNa nrd;W ghu;j;Njhk;. K`k;kjpg;D mg;Jy;yh (]y;) ,q;Nf

,Uf;fpwhu;fsh vd;W xU fpwp];jtu; Nfl;lhu;. Mk; vdf; $wp mtiu

cs;Ns mioj;J te;Njd;.

! K`k;kNj> ePq;fs; ,iwtdpd; J}ju; vdf; $Wfpwhu;fs; my;yth? mJ

cz;ikahapd;> rpy mepahaf;fhudpd; nfhLikapypUe;J ehd; tpLgl

ePq;fs; cjt Ntz;Lnkdf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhu;.

cq;fSf;F mepahak; nra;jtu; ahu;?

`p\hKila kfd; mk;U. (mg+[`;y;) vdJ nghUs;fis mgfupj;Jf;

nfhz;lhd;.

clNd egp (]y;) mtu;fs; vOe;J tpl;lhu;fs;.

~my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu> mg+[`;y; kj;jpahdj;jpy; J}q;FtJ tof;fk;> ,e;j

Neuj;jpy; mtid vOg;gpdhy; fLq;Nfhgkilthd;. jhq;fs; nrhy;tijr;

nrtpNaw;fhky; jq;fSf;F jPq;F nra;af; $Lk;| vd ehq;fs; $wpNdhk;.

! ,t;thW $wpaij Nfl;l egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; Kfk; rpte;jJ. Nfhgj;Jld;

mg+[`;ypd; tPl;il mile;jhu;fs;. fjitj; jl;bdhu;fs;. thapypy; egp

(]y;) mtu;fs; epw;gijf; fz;L> cs;Ns thUq;fs;. vtiuNaDk;

mDg;gpapUe;jhy; ehd; Neupy; te;jpUg;NgNd| vd;whd;.

! ~,e;j fpwp];jtdpd; cilikia ePq;fs; itj;jpUf;fpwPu;fsh? mg;gbahapd;

mij mtuplk; xg;gilj;J tpLq;fs;| vd;whu;. mjw;F ~vtuplNkDk;

nrhy;ypaDg;gpdhy; mjidf; nfhLj;J mDg;gpapUg;Ngd;| vdf; $wptpl;L

mtw;iw xg;gilf;FkhW jdJ mbikf;F fl;lisapl;lhd;. mit

nfhz;Ltug;gl;ld. ~vy;yhg; nghUs;fSk; fpilj;J tpl;ldth| vd egp

(]y;) mtu;fs; mtdplk; Nfl;lhu;. ~xU $il fpilf;ftpy;iy| vd;whd;.

mijAk; nfhz;L tUkhW $w> mJ mq;F fhzg;gltpy;iy vdf; $wp

mijtpl ey;ynjhU $iliaf; nfhLj;Jtpl;lhd;. (]{g;jJy; thfpaPd;)

nghUspay; :nghUspay; :nghUspay; :nghUspay; :nghUspay; :

! midj;Jr; nry;tq;fSf;Fk; cupikahsd; my;yh`; xUtNd. mtd;

mUshff; nfhLf;Fk; nry;tj;ij vt;thW NjlTk;> nrytplTk;

Ntz;Lnkd;gij egp (]y;) mtu;fs; fhl;bf; nfhLj;jhu;fs;. vy;yh kf;fSk;

rkkhd nghUs; trjpiaf; nfhz;buhikahy;> xUtupy; xUtu; jq;fpthOk;

epiy ,ay;gpNyNa fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j Vw;wj; jho;T cyf ,af;fj;jpw;F

mtrpakhdjhFk;.

! ,];yhNkh> ,];yhkpa ehfupfNkh nry;tk; xU rpyupd; ifapy; Njq;fp

epw;gij tpUk;gtpy;iy. vdNt mjidr; RoYk; tifapy; gad;gLj;jp

]fhj;> ]jfh> `pgj;> tuh]j;> tf;G> fghyj; Nghd;w gy mikg;Gf;fis

Vw;gLj;jpapUf;fpd;wJ.

! xU Njhou;> jhd; ~nry;te;jd; vd;gjdhy; jdJ nry;tq;fis Viofspd;

eyDf;fhf vOjptpl Kd;te;jhu;. mg;NghJ> egp (]y;) mtu;fs;> ,y;iy.

cd;Dila cwtpdu;fs; kw;wtu;fsplk; ifNae;Jtij tpl mtu;fs; Rakhf

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tho;tjw;fhf ckJ nry;tq;fis tpl;L itg;gNj Nky;| vd egp (]y;)

mtu;fs; mwpTWj;jpdhu;fs;. %d;wpy; ,U klq;F my;yJ ,uz;by; xU

klq;F ViofSf;nfd xJf;fyhkh vd mtu; Nfl;lNghJ> mJ kpff;

$LjyhdJ vd gjpyspj;jhu;fs;. %d;wpy; xU gFjpia jhdk; nra;ayhkh

vd Nfl;lNghJ> ey;yJ> mJTk; mjpfNk vdg; gjpyspj;jhu;fs;. r%fj;jpy;

nry;te;ju;fs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gij egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ,q;F

typAWj;Jfpwhu;fs;.

! xU kdpjd; nry;tj;ijr; nrytopg;gjw;Fupa cupikiaAk;> r%f cWg;gpdu;

vd;w tifapy; r%fj;jpw;Fupa cupikiaAk; Vf fhyj;jpy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;

tifapy; ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; nghUs;fis itj;jpUf;f mDkjpaspf;fpd;wJ.

! vdNt> kuzpj;jtupd; nrhj;ij thupRfSf;Fg; gfpu;e;jspf;Fk; KiwiaAk;

mNj Neuj;jpy; mjpf gl;rk; %d;wpnyhU gFjpia VidNahUf;F t]pa;aj;

nra;Ak; KiwiaAk; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; fhl;bf; nfhLj;jhu;fs;. xUtiu

kw;nwhUtu; nfhiy nra;jhy; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;ltupd; nrhj;jpy;

nfhiyahspf;Fg; gq;fpy;yhky; nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,J nrhj;Jf;fhf nfhiy

nra;ag;gLtijj; jil nra;Ak; Xu; cj;jpahFk;. thupRfs; rpWtu;fshf

,Ug;gpd; mtu;fspd; gq;Fk; gfpug;gl;L mtw;iwg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd

topKiwfSk; fhz;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

! kdpjd; nry;tk; Nru;g;gij ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; jil nra;atpy;iy. Mdhy;>

jtwhd topfSf;$lhf - ngha;> ngha;r;rj;jpak;> Vkhw;W> gJf;fy;> ,yQ;rk;>

msit epWitfspy; FiwghL nra;jy;> tl;b vLj;jy;> #jhly;> kJ

Nghd;w Nghijg; nghUs;fis cw;gj;jp nra;jy;> tpw;gid nra;jy; Nghd;w

topfspy; nry;tk; jpul;Ltij egp (]y;) mtu;fs; fz;bj;jhu;fs;> jil

nra;jhu;fs;.

! ,tw;Wf;F cjhuzkhf rpy `jP];fis Nehf;FNthk;.

! `yhYk; njspthf cs;sJ> `uhKk; njspthf cs;sJ. Mdhy;>

,t;tpuz;Lf;FkpilNa re;Njfj;jpw;Fupa rpy tplaq;fs; cs;sd.

re;Njfj;jpw;Fupa ghtq;fspypUe;J tpyfpapUg;gtd; fz;bg;ghfNt

tpyfpapUg;ghd;. re;Njfj;Jf;Fupa ghtq;fspy; JzpTld; <LgLgtd;

ntspg;gilahd ghtq;fspy; tPo;e;J tpl mjpf tha;g;Gz;L. ghtq;fs;

my;yh`;tpdhy; jilnra;ag;gl;l gFjpahFk;. jil nra;ag;gl;l gFjpfspy;

mUfpy; Nka;fpd;w gpuhzp mjDs; GFe;Jtpl mjpf tha;g;Gz;L (Gfhup)

! kf;fspilNa xU fhyk; tUk;. mg;NghJ kdpjd; jhd; <l;bait `yhyh

`uhkh vd;gijnay;yhk; nghUl;gLj;j khl;lhd; (Gfhup) ,J nghUshjhu

tplaq;fSf;F kl;Lkd;wp tho;tpd; vy;yhj; JiwfSf;Fk; nghUj;jkhdjhFk;.

! xU K];ypk; tptrhak; nra;fpwhu;. my;yJ nrbfis eLfpwhu;. mjpypUe;J

gpuhzpfs; my;yJ gwitfs; VNjDk; rhg;gpl;lhy; $l mJ me;j egupd;

]jfhthf vOjg;gLk; (K];ypk;)

! Njitahd nghUs;fisg; gJf;fp itf;fhky; cupa Neuj;jpy; mtw;iw

mq;fhbf;Ff; nfhz;L nry;gtd; my;yh ;̀tpd; mUSf;F cupj;jhdtdhthd;.

my;yh ;̀ mtDf;F tho;thjhuj;ij toq;Fthd;. mtw;iwg; gJf;fp itg;gtd;

my;yh`;tpd; rhgj;Jf;F cupatdhthd; (,g;D kh[h)

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! gzpahsupd; tpau;it cyUKd; mtDila $ypiaf; nfhLj;JtpLq;fs;

(,g;D kh[h)

! tl;b thq;Fgtu;> tl;b nfhLg;gtu;> mt;tpUtUf;Fk; rhl;rpahf ,Ug;gtu;>

mjid vOJgtu; MfpNahu; kPJ egp (]y;) mtu;fs; rhgkpl;lhu;fs; (Gfhup)

! ,yQ;rk; thq;FgtUf;Fk;> ,yQ;rk; nfhLg;gtUf;Fk; my;yh`;tpd; rhgk;

cz;lhtjhf (Gfhup)

! ve;j kdpjDk; jdJ ifahy; cioj;J cz;Zk; czittpl cau;e;j

czit vd;WNk cz;ljpy;iy. my;yh`;tpd; J}ju; jhCj; (miy) jdJ

fuq;fshy; cioj;j czitNa cz;lhu;fs; (Gfhup)

! ,it midj;Jk; ehfupf tho;tpy; vq;Fk;> vg;NghJk; ,lk;ngWfpd;w tptrhak;>

tpahghuk;> ifj;njhopy;> $yp Ntiy> mur gzp njhlu;ghd egp (]y;)

mtu;fspd; mwpTiufshFk;.

mofpay; :mofpay; :mofpay; :mofpay; :mofpay; :

! murpay;> r%f> nghUshjhu> fy;tp> fyhrhu tplaq;fs; Nghd;Nw ehfupfj;jpy;

mofpaYk; ,lk;ngWfpd;wd. mwG ehL ghiytdkhff; fhzg;gl;ljhYk;>

Vida ehfupfq;fspd; jhf;fj;Jf;F mit cl;glhikahYk; mq;F ftpij

,yf;fpak; kl;LNk mofpaYzu;tpd; ntspg;ghlhfj; njupe;jd. ,e;epiyapy;

egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpy; mofpaiyAk; Xu; mq;fkhf

mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhu;fs;. my;yh`; mofhdtd;> mtd; moif tpUk;Gfpwhd;

(K];ypk;) vd;w `jP]{f;$lhf ,jid tpsq;Ffpd;Nwhk;.

! xt;nthd;wpYk; moF tpjpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ePq;fs; vijNaDk; nfhy;tjhf

,Ue;jhYk; $l mjid ,dpa Kiwapy; epiwNtw;Wq;fs; vd;Wk;> KOJk;

rupahf rkg;gLj;jg;glhj xU rkhjpapd; cl;gf;fk; egp (]y;) mtu;fspd;

ghu;itf;Fj; njd;gl;lNghJ mf;Fiwia eptu;j;jpf;FkhW Nfl;Lf;

nfhz;lhu;fs;. ,we;J NghdtUf;F mJ ed;ikNah> jPikNah tpisag;

Nghtjpy;iy. Mdhy; mjidg; ghu;;g;gtu;fSf;F mJ ,dpjhf ,Uf;Fk;

vd;w fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itj;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;.

! egp (]y;) mtu;fSf;F Kjd; Kjyhf mikf;fg;gl;l kpk;gu;> khJsq;fdp

Nghd;w kuj;jhyhd ,U cUz;ilfshy; myq;fupf;fg; gl;bUe;jJ vd;Wk;>

mtw;iw vLj;J tpisahLtjpy; egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; Nguu;fs;

,d;gq;fz;lhu;fs; vd;Wk; fyhepjp ̀ kPJy;yh Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. moFf;fhfTk;

tpisahl;Lf;fhfTk; mikfpd;w Foe;ijfspd; nghk;ikfs;> nkj;ij

tpu pg ;Gf ;fis mzpnra;jy; Nghd;wtw;iw egp (]y;) mtu;fs;

mDkjpj;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. mwpT nrwpe;j ftpijfisAk;> nrhw;nghopthsupd;

trPfu ciufisAk; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; tpje;Jiuj;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. mg+

%]h my; m\;mup (uop) mtu;fs;> my;Fu;Mid mofhf XJk; NghJ

~ckf;F egp jhCj; (miy) mtu;fSila r%fj;jpd; Gy;yhq;Foy;fSs;

xd;W nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ| vdg; ghuhl;bdhu;fs;. my;Fu;Mid mofhf

Xjhjtu; vd;idr; rhu;e;jtuy;yu; (mg+ jht+j;) vdTk; $wpAs;shu;fs;.

! ,it midj;Jk; xU ehfupfj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhf egp (]y;) mtu;fs;

nrhy;ypa> nra;J fhl;ba rpy topKiwfshFk;. ~,q;fpUg;gtu;fs;

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,q;fpy;yhjtu;fSf;F ,jid mwpTAq;fs;| vd;w egp (]y;) mtu;fspd;

$w;W (Fj;gJy; tpjh) tpupe;j fUj;JilaJ. ,jw;fg;ghYk; ehfupfk;

tsu;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;ijg; nghjpe;Js;sJ. vdNtjhd; njhlu;e;J

Fyghcu; uh\pJ}d;fs; fhyj;jpYk;> cikah> mg;gh]pa fhyg;gFjpfspYk;

Nkw;$wpa mk;rq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; tsu;e;Njhq;fpaJ.

mwpQu;fs;> rpe;jidahsu;fs;> ,yf;fpathjpfs;> Ma;thsu;fs;> nkhop

ngau;g;ghsu;fs;> fiyQu;fs;> Ml;rpahsu;fs; vd;w gyUk; mjpy; gq;fspg;Gr;

nra;jdu;. ,jdhy; INuhg;gpa kWkyu;r;rpf;F tpj;jpl;lJ. kj;jpa fhyj;jpypUe;J

etPd fhyj;Jf;F topfhl;baJ vd;w tifapy; ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; ]{d;dhtpd;

topapy; ,d;W tiu eilNghLfpd;wJ.

rl;lthf;fj;jpy; ]{d;dhtpd; gq;Frl;lthf;fj;jpy; ]{d;dhtpd; gq;Frl;lthf;fj;jpy; ]{d;dhtpd; gq;Frl;lthf;fj;jpy; ]{d;dhtpd; gq;Frl;lthf;fj;jpy; ]{d;dhtpd; gq;F

xU ehfupfj;jpy; tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; r%fk; jpir jpUk;ghky; ,Ug;gjw;F

rl;lk; kpf mtrpakhdjhFk;. my;Fu;MDk; ]{d;dhTk; \uPMvd;w xU

rl;l kuig Vw;gLj;jpapUf;fpd;wJ. r%fj;jpd; vy;yh tptfhuq;fSk; mjd;

mbg;gilapNyNa efu;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. ,jw;F mbj;jskpl;ltu;fs;

vd;wtifapy; egp(]y;) mtu;fspd; ]{d;dh mjpf gq;fspg;igr; nra;Js;sJ.

ehfupfk; fl;bnaOg;gg;gLk; fhyfl;lj;jpy; my;Fu;MDk; ]{d;dhTk; Njitahd

topfhl;ly;fis toq;fpd. my;Fu;Md; toq;fpa rl;lq;fSf;F Nkyjpfkhf

egp (]y;) mtu;fSk; rl;lq;fis Vw;gLj;jpapUf;fpd;whu;fs;. my;Fu;Md;

kidtpapd; jhia kzKbf;f jilnra;fpd;wJ. egp (]y;) mtu;fs;

kidtpapd; rpw;wd;idiaAk; kzKbf;f jil nra;jhu;fs;. my;Fu;Md;

tiuaWj;Jf; $whjtw;iw tiuaWj;jhu;fs;. jpUl;Lf;fhd jz;lid fuj;ijj;

Jz;bg;gJ vd;w my;Fu;Mdpd; rl;lj;jpw;F if vd;gJ kzpf;fl;Ltiuapyhd

gFjp vd tiuaiw nra;jhu;fs;.

NkYk;> ,];yhj;jpd; xU nraw;ghL mq;fPfupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lkhapd; mjid

my;Fu;Md; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;. ,d;Nwy; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; mq;fPfupf;f

Ntz;Lk;. ,jidj;jhd; cq;fSf;F ~,uz;il tpl;Lr; nry;fpNwd;| vd

mtu;fs; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;;fs;. ,[;jp`hj; fhz;gjw;F my;Fu;Midg; Nghd;Nw

]{d;dhTk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

egp (]y;) mtu;fs; kjPdhtpw;F `p[;uj; nrd;w NghJ Kd;itj;j ~kjPdh

rhrdk;| ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; Kf;fpakhd njhU rl;l rhrdkhFk;. egp

(]y;) mtu;fs; KMj; (uop) mtu;fis akDf;F mDg;gpa NghJ mtuplk;

Nfl;fg;gl;l tpdhf;fSk;> mjw;F mtu;fs; nfhLj;j tpilfSk;

rl;lthf;fj;Jf;fhd mbg;gil tpjpfis vLj;Jf;fhl;Ltdthf cs;sd.

,t;thW ntt;NtW tbtq;fspy; ]{d;dh rl;lthf;fj;Jf;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr;

nra;Js;sJ.

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Nju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rp 3 .03.03.03.03.0 ::::: my;Fu;Md; ]_d;dhit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Lmy;Fu;Md; ]_d;dhit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Lmy;Fu;Md; ]_d;dhit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Lmy;Fu;Md; ]_d;dhit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Lmy;Fu;Md; ]_d;dhit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

tsu;r;rpaile;j fiyfis mwpe;J mtw;wpd;tsu;r;rpaile;j fiyfis mwpe;J mtw;wpd;tsu;r;rpaile;j fiyfis mwpe;J mtw;wpd;tsu;r;rpaile;j fiyfis mwpe;J mtw;wpd;tsu;r;rpaile;j fiyfis mwpe;J mtw;wpd;

Njhw;wj;Jf;F VJtha; mike;j fhuzpfisNjhw;wj;Jf;F VJtha; mike;j fhuzpfisNjhw;wj;Jf;F VJtha; mike;j fhuzpfisNjhw;wj;Jf;F VJtha; mike;j fhuzpfisNjhw;wj;Jf;F VJtha; mike;j fhuzpfis

tpgupg ;ghu ;tpgupg ;ghu ;tpgupg ;ghu ;tpgupg ;ghu ;tpgupg ;ghu ;

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.1> 3.23.1> 3.23.1> 3.23.1> 3.23.1> 3.2 ::::: jg;]Pu; fiyapd; Njhw;wk; tsu;r;rp gw;wp tpsf;Fthu;jg;]Pu; fiyapd; Njhw;wk; tsu;r;rp gw;wp tpsf;Fthu;jg;]Pu; fiyapd; Njhw;wk; tsu;r;rp gw;wp tpsf;Fthu;jg;]Pu; fiyapd; Njhw;wk; tsu;r;rp gw;wp tpsf;Fthu;jg;]Pu; fiyapd; Njhw;wk; tsu;r;rp gw;wp tpsf;Fthu;



! jg;]Pu; vd;w gjj;ij tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.

! mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij Mjhuq;fSld; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.

! mJ jdpf;fiyahf tsu;e;jikf;fhd fhuzq;fis ,dq;fz;L

$Wthu;.

!" mjd; tiffisAk;. tsu;r;rpf; fl;lq;fisAk; vLj;Jf;fhl;b xt;nthU

fhyfl;lj;jpYk; Njhd;wpa jg;]Pu;fisAk;> Kg];]puPd;fisAk;

gl;baw;gLj;Jthu;.


! \uPMtpd; gpujhd %yhjhukhf my;Fu;Md; tpsq;FfpwJ.

! My;Fu;Md; trdq;fSf;fhd tpsf;fTiuiaf; Fwpf;Fk; gjkhf ‘jg;]Pu;’

tpsq;FfpwJ.

! ‘yp]hDy; mwg;’, ‘my;-fh%];’ vDk; mfuhjpfs; jg;]Ph; vDk; gjk; nkhop

uPjpapy; njsptw;w xU tplaj;ij tpsf;fg;gad;gLk; thh;j;ijg; gpuNahfkhff;

Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd.

! \uPMtpd; ghu;itapy; jg;]Pu; vd;gJ my;FH;Mdpd; nrhw;fis nkhopAk;

tpjk;> mit Rl;Lk; tplaq;fs;> mit jdpahfTk; njhFg;ghfTk; Fwpj;J

epw;Fk; rl;lq;fs; Mfpatw;iw MuhAk; fiyiaf; Fwpf;fpd;wnjd ,khk;

mG+̀ a;ahd; my;md;jY}]p (u ;̀) Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;;. my;FH;Md; trdq;fSf;F

tsq;fg;gLk; tpsf;fk;> mjd; rl;lq;fisAk; EZf;fq;fisAk; njspTg;gLj;Jk;

El;gKiwiaf; Fwpj;J epw;fpwJ vd ,khk; ]h;f\P (u ;̀) Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;whu;.

my;FH;Md; ,wq;fpa Kiw> mjd; Nehf;fk;> tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzp>

,wq;fpaikf;fhd fhuzq;fs;> kf;fp kjdp xOq;fikg;G> K ;̀fk;> Kj\hgp̀ ;>

eh]pf; kd;]{f;> `yhy; `uhk;> Kj;yf; Kfa;aj; Mfpa tplaq;fis

tpsf;FtijNa jg;]Ph; vd;w gjk; Fwpj;J epw;;fpd;wJ vd ,khk; [yhYj;jPd;

m];]{A+jp (u`;) Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. ,khk; ]u;f]p> ,khk; `{i]d; j`gp

Nghd;wtu;fs;;@ ‘jg;]Ph;’ vd;gJ kdpj rf;jpf;F Vw;g my;Fh;Md; trdq;fspd;

fUj;Jf;fs; mtw;wpD}lhf my;yh ;̀tpd; Nehf;fq;fs; Mfpatw;iw tpsf;Fjy;>

mtw;Wld; njhlh;Ggl;l midj;ijAk; cs;slf;Fk; vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdh;.

,khk; ,g;D M\{u; mtu;fspd; fUj;jpd; gb> my;Fu;Mid Ma;T nra;Ak;

xUtu; my;Fu;Mdpd; nrhw;gpuNahfq;fSf;F Kd;itf;Fk; tpsf;fk; kw;Wk;;

mjD}lhfj; jhd; tpsq;fpa tplaq;fisr; RUf;fkhfNth my;yJ tpupthfNth

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Kd;itf;Fk; Kiwik Mfpa tw;iw jg;]Ph; vd;w gjk; Fwpj;J epw;fpwJ

vd;fpwhu;.

! jg;]Pu; vDk; nrhy;iyg; Nghd;Nw j/tPy; vDk; nrhy;Yk; my;Fu;Md;

tpsf;fTiuAld; njhlu;GgLfpwJ.

! ,khk; jgup (u ;̀) mtu;fs; ‘jg;]Pu;’> ‘j/tPy;’ Mfpa ,U nrhw;gpuNahfq;fSk;

xNu fUj;Jilait vdf; fUJfpd;whu;. ,jw;F ,g;D mg;gh]; (uop)

mtu;fSf;fhf egp (]y;) mtu;fs; gpuhh;j;jpj;jNghJ “my;yh`{k;k gf;fp ;̀̀ {

gpj;jPd; t my;ypk;`{ j/tPy;” (,iwth! ,tUf;F khu;f;f rl;l tptfhuj;jpy;

epGzj;Jtj;ijAk; kiwKfkhd(njsptpy;;yhj) tplaq;fisAk; fw;Wf;

nfhLg;ghahf) vd;w `jPi] Mjhukhff; nfhs;fpwhu;

! ,];yhkpar; rpe;jidfs; jdpf;fiyfshf Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;L mfPjh kw;Wk;

c]{y;fs; njhlu;ghd fUj;Jf;fs; ju;f;fuPjpahf Kd;nkhopag;gl;lNghJ

j/tPy; vd;w gjKk; gpuNahfj;jpw;F te;jJ. gpw;fhy mwpQh;fs; my;Fu;Md;

tplaj;jpy; upthaj;jf;fs; ,d;wp Kd;itf;fg;gl;l fUj;Jf;fis j/tPy; vd;w

fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; Nehf;fpdu;. me;jtifapy; etPdfhy mwpQu;fs;> xU

nrhy;ypd; nghUis mjd; Neub tpsf;fj;jpid tpLj;J mjd; vjph;kiw

nghUSf;F NtnwhU thrfj;jpd; JizAld; tpsf;Ftij j/tPy; vd;w

gjk; Fwpj;J epw;gjhfr; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wdu;.

jg;]Pu; fiy Njhw;wk;jg;]Pu; fiy Njhw;wk;jg;]Pu; fiy Njhw;wk;jg;]Pu; fiy Njhw;wk;jg;]Pu; fiy Njhw;wk;

! jg;]Ph;f; fiyapd; Njhw;wj;ijAk; mjd; tsu;r;rpiaAk; 5 fl;lq;fshf

tFj;J tpsq;f KbAk;.

! egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; fhyk;egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; fhyk;egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; fhyk;egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; fhyk;egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; fhyk;

! my;Fu;Md; trdq;fSf;fhd tpsf;fk; (jg;]Ph;) $Wk; Kiw> Kjy;

Kiwahf t`p ,wq;fpaJld; Muk;gkhdJ. K`k;kJ (]y;) mtH;fs;

%ykhfNt my;FHMd; cyFf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ vd;w tifapy;> mtH;fs;

mjid KOikahf kddkplTk;> XJk; Kiwapidj; njupe;J nfhs;sTk;>

mtw;wpd; njspTfisg; ngwTk; my;yh`;tpdhy; topfhl;lg;gl;lhh;fs; vd

my;Fu;Md; (my;fpahkh:17-19) Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

! mjd; fUj;Jf;fisAk; rl;l xOq;FfisAk; jkJ Njhou;fSf;F egp

(]y;) mth;fs; njspTgLj;Jk; Kjy; ‘Kg];]pu;’ Mff; fhzg;gl;lhu;fs;.

mt;thW nra;AkhW my;yh`; mth;fSf;Ff; fl;lisapl;bUe;;jhd;.

(me;e`;y;:44)

! K`k;kJ (]y;) mth;fs; my;Fu;Mdpd; midj;J trdq;fSf;Fk;

tpsf;fkspj;Js;shh;;fs; vd ,khk; ,g;D ijkpah (u`;) (fp.gp.1263-1328)

Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;> vdpDk; my;Fh;Mdpd; rpy gFjpfSf;F kl;LNk

tpsf;fkspj;Js;shh;fs; vd ,khk; [yhYj;jPd; m];]{A+jp njuptpf;fpd;whh;.

! egpj;Njhou;fspd; fhyk;egpj;Njhou;fspd; fhyk;egpj;Njhou;fspd; fhyk;egpj;Njhou;fspd; fhyk;egpj;Njhou;fspd; fhyk;

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! K`k;kj; (]y;) mtu;fspd; kuzj;jpd; gpd;dh; my;Fu;Md; trdq;fis

Gupe;J nfhs;tjpy; vjpu;Nehf;Fk; gpur;rpidfspd;NghJ egpj;Njhou;fs;

mjw;fhd tpsf;fq;fis Kd;itj;jdh;. vdpDk;> egpj;Njhou;fs; midtUk;

my;Fh;Mid tpsq;Ftjpy; xNu juj;jpy; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. mjid

tpsq;fpf;nfhs;tjpy; mth;fspd; mwpT kl;lq;fSf;Nfw;g tpj;jpahrq;fs;

fhzg;gl;ld. my;Fh;Md; KOtjw;Fkhd tpsf;fk; njupAk; vd vtUk;

jq;fis milahsg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;stpy;iy.

! egpj; Njhoh;fs; my;Fh;Mid tpsq;Ftjw;F gpd;tUk; topKiwfis

ifahz;Ls;sdh;.

1. my;Fh;Mid my;Fh;Md; %yk; tpsq;Fjy; (K[;ky;-Kg];]y;> Kj;yf; -

Kfa;aj; njsptpy;yhj trdq;fis xd;W jpul;b tpsq;Fjy;> my;Fh;Md;

Xjg;gLfpd;w Kiwia mtjhdpj;J tpsq;Fjy;)

2. K`k;kJ (]y;) mth;fsplk; Nfl;Lj; njhpe;Jf;nfhs;sy;> Rd;dhtpd;

Jiznfhz;L my;Fh;Mid tpsq;Fjy;

3. ,[;jp`hjpd; %yk; my;Fh;Mid tpsq;Fjy;

! egpj;Njhoh;fspy;; jg;]Ph;j;Jiw Mrpupah;fs;

! egpj;Njhou;fspy; rpwg;gpj;Jf; $Wk; tifapy; my;Fu;MDf;F tpsf;fk;

mspf;Fk; gyu; ,Ue;jdu;. mth;fSs; mG+gf;u; (wop)> cku; (wop)> c];khd;

(wop)> myp (wop)> ,g;D k];Cj; (wop)> ,g;D mg;gh]; (wop)> cig gpd;

f/g; (wop)> i]j; gpd; ]hgpj; (wop)> mG+ %]h my; m\;mup (wop)

MfpNahu; Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftu;fshtu;. ,tu;fs; jtpu NtW egpj;Njhou;fSk;

jg;]Pu;j; Jiwapy; <Lgl;Ls;sdu;. vdpDk;> mth;fsJ gq;fspg;G

Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;lth;fspd; gq;fspg;igtplf; FiwthdjhFk;;. mth;fSs; md];

gpd; khypf; (wop)> Map\h (wop)> mG+ `{iuuh(wop)> mg;Jy;yh`; gpd;

Righ; (wop)> [hgph; ,g;D mg;Jy;yh`; (wop)> mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D mk;h;

,g;D M]; (wop) MfpNahh; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fth;fshth;;;.

! egpj;Njhou;fspd;; jg;]Pu;j; Jiwg; gzpfs; - xU kjpg;gPL. egpj;Njhou;fspd;;

jg;]Pu;f; fUj;Jf;fs; my;Fu;Mid tpsf;Ftjpy; kpf Kf;fpa gq;fpid

tfpf;fpd;wd.mtu;fspd; jg;]Ph; fUj;Jf;fs; jg;]Ph; gpy; k/#h; vd;

miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,khk; `hfpk; (u`;)mth;fs; egpj; Njhou;fspd;

jg;]Pu;j;; Jiwf; fUj;Jf;fs; ku;G+/ juj;ij Nru;e;jit vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.

NkYk;> my;Fu;Mdpd; tpsf;fq;fis ,uz;L tifapy; Nehf;fKbAk;. Kjy;

tif> my;Fu;Md; trdq;fisf; nfhz;Nl tpsq;f KbAkhdit. ,uz;lhk;

tif> egp (]y;) mtu;fspdJk; Njhou;fspdJk; fUj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;L

tpsq;f KbAkhdit. ,e;jtifapy; Nehf;Fkplj;J egpj;Njhou;;fspd;

fUj;Jf;fs; my;Fu;Mid tpsf;Ftjpy; ghupastpyhd gq;fspg;igr;

nra;Js;sd. ,f;fUj;jpid; ,khk; ru;f]p (u`;) “my; Gu;̀ hd; gP cY}kpy;

Fu;Md;” vDk; E}ypy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sik ftdpf;fjf;fJ. mjd;gb>

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1. egpj; Njhou;fs; my;Fu;Md; KOtjw;Fk; tpsf;fk; $wtpy;iy. tpsq;f

Kbahj trdq;fSf;F kl;LNk tpsf;fk; mspj;Js;sdu;. mjhtJ> K`k;kj;

(]y;) mtu;fspd; kuzj;jpd; gpd; vOe;j Gjpa rthy;fs;> gpur;rpidfs;

Mfpatw;iwj; j Pu ;g ;gjw;F ,[;jp`hjpd; Clhff; fUj;Jf;fis

Kd;itj;Js;sdu;.

2. my;Fu;Mdpy; tpsq;fKbahjit vdr; Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gl;lit kpfTk;

mupjhditahFk;.

3. eg pj ; Njhou ;fSf;F my;Fu ;Mid Mokhf tpsq;f Ntz;ba

NjitNaw;gltpy;iy. vdNt> nghJthfTk; RUf;fkhfTk; mjpfkhd

gFjpfis tpsq;fpapUe;jdu;.

4. \uPM rl;l tpjpfs; njhlu;ghd fUj;Jf;fs; Kuz;ghLfs; ,tu;fsplk;

kpfTk; mupjhfNt ,Ue;Js;sd. mtu;fs; ,];yhkpaf; nfhs;ifapy;

nfhz;bUe;j gw;W ,jw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;. fUj;J Kuz;ghLfs;

egpj;Njhou;fspd; fhyj;jpd; gpd;dNu tsh;r;rp fz;ld.

5. egpj; Njhou;fspd; fhyg;gFjpapy; jg;]Pu;j; njhlu;ghd fUj;Jf;fs;

njhFf;fg;gl;L ,Uf;ftpy;iy. jg;]Pu;j;; njhFg;G Kiw `p[;up ,uz;lhk;

E}w;whz;bNyNa Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ. vdpDk;> ,g;D mg;gh]; (wop)> myp(wop)

MfpNahuplk; jg;]Pu; fUj;Jf;fs; njhFf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. gpw;gl;l fhyg;gFjpapy;

\PM gpuptpdu; mjid my;Fu;Mdpd; xU topKiwahff; fUjpdu;. (,g;D

mg;gh]; (uop) mtu;fspd; jg;]Pu;f; fUj;Jf;fs;> gpw;fhyj;jpy; my;-ig&];

Mghjp (u`;) mtu;fshy; njhFf;fg;gl;ld.)

6. egpj; Njhou;fspd; fhyg;gFjpapy; jg;]Pu; vd;gJ `jP];fspd; xU

mq;fkhfNt fhzg;gl;lJ. jg;;]PUf;;nfd jdpahd newpKiw fhzg;gltpy;iy.

jg;]Pu;f; fUj;Jf;fs; ahTk; xU xOq;fpy; ,Uf;fTkpy;iy. khwhf mit

rpy my;Fu;Md; trdq;fSf;fhd fUj;Jf;fshfNt fhzg;gl;ld.

cjhuzkhf> njhOif gw;wpa `jP];fs; njhFf;fg;gLk; NghJ mtw;wpy;

jg;]Pu; njhlu;ghd fUj;Jf;fSk; ,izf;fg;gl;bUg;gijr; Rl;bf;fhl;lyhk;.

jhgp<d;fspd; fhyk;jhgp<d;fspd; fhyk;jhgp<d;fspd; fhyk;jhgp<d;fspd; fhyk;jhgp<d;fspd; fhyk;

! egpj;Njhou;fisj; njhlu;e;J jhgp<d;fs; my;Fu;Mid tpsq;FtjpYk;>

tpsf;FtjpYk; $Ljy; ftdk; nrYj;jpdu;. K`k;kJ (]y;) mtu;fsJ

kuzj;jpd; gpd; Rkhu; xU E}w;whz;Ltiu egpj;Njhou;fs; ,];yhkpa

nfhs;ifg; gpurhuj;jpd; %yk; mjpfkhd gpuNjrq;fis ,];yhkpa murpd;

fPo; nfhz;Lte;jdu;. ,g;gpuNjrq;fspy; kf;fs; vjph;Nehf;Fk; r%f> murpay;>

nghUshjhu rthy;fs;> gpur;rpidfs; Mfpatw;iwj; jPu;g;gjw;F my;Fu;Md;

kw;Wk; `jPi] topahff; nfhz;bUe;jdh;. mtw;wpy; njspT fpilf;fhj

NghJ egpj;Njhou;fspd; fUj;Jf;fis ehbdu;. mjpYk; Nghjpastpyhd

njsptpidg; ngWtjw;F KbahjNghJ> ,[;jp`hij cj;jpahff; ifahz;L

jg;]Pu; fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itj;jdh;.

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! ,];yhkpa muR tpupthd epyg;gug;igj; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;L te;j NghJ

egpj; Njhou;fs; jhk; Rke;Js;s Gdpj jPDy; ,];yhj;jpd; nfhs;ifiag;

Nghjpg;gjw;Fr; nrhe;j ,lq;fspy; ,Ue;J ntspNawpr;nrd;wdu;;. me;j

,lq;fspy; ,];yhj;ijAk; my;Fu;MidAk; Nghjpj;J te;jdh;. mj;jF

re;ju;g;gq;fspy; jg;]Pu; tFg;Gf;fis gy efuq;fspy; Njhw;Wtpj;jdh;. mtw;wpd;

Mrpupah;fshf egpj; Njhou;fNs fhzg;gl;ldu;. jhgp<d;fs; mtu;fspd;

khztu;fshf ,Ue;jdh;. mt;tFg;Gf;fs;; gpujhd efuq;fis ikag;gLj;jp

mike;jpUe;jd. mtw;Ws; gpugy;ak; ngw;w jg;]Pu; rpe;jidf; FOf;fshfg;

gpd;tUtdtw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

1. kf;fhit ikakhff; nfhz;l jg;]Pu; tFg;G

2. kjPdhit ikakhff; nfhz;l jg;]Pu; tFg;G

3. <uhf;if ikakhff; nfhz;l jg;]Pu; tFg;G

! kf;fhtpy; ,lk;ngw;W te;j jg;]Pu;; tFg;gpd; Kjy;tuhf mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D

mg;gh]; (wop) mth;fs; fhzg;gl;lhh;. mtuplk; ]<j; ,g;D [{igh; (wop)>

K[h`pj;> ,f;upkh - (,g;D mg;gh]; (uop) mtu;fspd; Nrtfu;)> jhT+];

,g;D if]hdpy; akhdp> mjh/ ,g;D MG+ ugh`h (u`;) MfpNahu;

fw;Wte;jdh;. ,th;fSf;F my;Fh;Mdpd; nrhw;gpuNahfk;> mit

,wq;fpaikf;fhd fhuzq;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l

vOjg;glhj ghlj;jpl;lk; xd;W fhzg;gl;lJ. mg;gh]; (wop) mtu;fsplk;;

fw;Fk; khztu;fs; jhk; mwpe;J nfhz;l fUj;Jf;fis mg;gh]; (wop)

,lk; fw;Wf;nfhz;ljhff; Fwpg;gpl;L gpwUf;F mwptpg;ghh;fs;. ,q;F jhgp<d;fs;

,];dhj; njhlUld; jhk; tpsq;fpa fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itf;Fk; gof;fj;ijf;

nfhz;bUe;jdu;.

! kjPdhtpy; epiwa egpj;Njhoh;fs; ,Ue;jikahy; Vida efuq;fistpl

,q;F jg;]Pu;j;Jiw tsu;tjw;fhd rhj;jpag;ghL mjpfkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ.

jhgp<d;fs; gpw ehLfSf;Fr; nrd;W jg;]Pu; tpsf;fq;fs; ngwNtz;ba mtrpak;

Muk;g fl;lj;jpy; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,];yhkpa r%f mikg;Gf;fhd mbj;jsk;

kjPdhtpy; ,lg;gl;lJ vd;wtifapy; kjPdhtpy; ,wf;fg;gl;l trdq;fspd;

fUj;Jf;fis egpj;Njhoh;;fsplkpUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ ,yFthf

,Ue;jikAk; ,q;F ,j;Jiw tsu;r;rpailaf; fhuzkhapw;W. kjPdhtpy;

,aq;fpa jg;]Pu; tFg;G> cig gpd; f/g; (wop) mtu;fspd; jiyikapy;

eilngw;W te;jJ. ,jpy; %j;j ]`ghf;fSk; ,isa jhgp<d;fSk;

gq;Nfw;wdu;. ,tu;fspy; i]j; ,g;D m];yk;> mGy; Mypah> K`k;kj;

,g;D f/gp my; Fuop (u`;) Mfpa %tUk; Kf;fpakhdtu;fshff;

fhzg;gl;ldu;.

! <uhf; Muk;gfhy ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy;; kpf Kf;fpa gpuNjrkhf tpsq;fpaJ.

,q;F $gh> g]uh Mfpa efuq;fs; fy;tp Nkk;ghl;Lg; gpuNjrq;fshff;

fhzg;gl;ld. ,];yhk; mwpKfkhdNtisapy; kf;fspd; mwpT tpUj;jpapy;

,];yhkpar; rpe;jidfs; ghupa jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpd.; ,g;D k];Cj;

(wop) mtu;fs; fypgh cku; (wop) mtu;fshy; murpd; gpujpepjpahfTk;>

MrpupauhfTk; $gh gpuNjrj;Jf;F epakpf;fg;gl;bUe;jhu;. ,g;D k];Cjpd;

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mwpTk; jpwikAk;; kf;fspd; tho;tpy; ghupa khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jpd.

me;jtifapy; ,g;D k];Cj; (wop) ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; jg;]Pu; tFg;Gf;fis

Muk;gpj;j Kjy; kdpjuhff; fUjg;gLfpwhu;. nghJthf $gh kf;fs; rpe;jdh

uPjpahf gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPu;T fhz;gjpy; gpurpj;jp; ngw;wpUe;jdu; vd;w

tifapy; mtu;fspd; rpe;jidf; fpsuy;fis xUKfg;gLj;Jtjpy; ,g;D

k];Cj; (wop) mtu;fs;; ghupastpyhd gq;fspg;gpidr; nra;Js;shu;;. mtuJ

jg;]Pu;j; Jiwg; ghriwapy;;;; tsu;e;jtu;fshf my;fkh ,g;D if];> k];&f;>

my; m];tj;; ,g;D> Kuj;Jy; `kjhdp> Mkpu; ]_/gp> `]Dy; g]up>

fj;jhjh ,g;D jpMkh (u`;) MfpNahu;; fhzg;gl;ldu;;.

! jhgp<d;fspd; jg;]Pu;g;; gz;Gfs;- jhgp<d;fspd; jg;]Pu; fUj;Jf;fs; jg;]Pu;

gpy;k/#u;> jg;]Pu; gpu;u/ap Mfpa ,U tifahd tbtq;fisAk; nfhz;Ls;sd.

,f;fhyj; jg;]Pu; Mrpupau;fspd; tpsf;fq;fspypUe;J %d;W tifahd gz;Gfis

mtjhdpf;f KbfpwJ.

1. Gjpjhf ,];yhj;ij Vw;wtu;fspy; mNefu; A+j> fpwp];jt rkar; rpe;jidiaf;

nfhz;ltu;fshf ,Ue;jikahy; mtu;fs; my;Fu;Mid tpsq;Fk; NghJk;

gpwUf;F Kd;itf;Fk; NghJk; mtu;fspd; ,ay;G epiyapypUf;Fk; rka>

tuyhw;W epfo;Tfisj; Jizahff;nfhz;L tpsf;f Kide;jdu;. ,jdhy;

,];uh<ypa;aj;Jf;fs; jg;]Phpy; jhf;fk; nrYj;jpd.

2. jg;]Pu;; tFg;Gf;fspd;; Njhw;wj;jpd; fhuzkhf jg;]Pu; tpsf;fq;fs jhgp<d;fspd;

rPlu;fspdhy; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L mLj;jtUf;F mwptpg;Gr; nra;ag;gLk; Kiw

tsu;e;jJ. ,q;F %d;W gpujhd ]`hghf;fspd; jiyikapy; %d;W

efuq;fspy; jg;]Pu; rpe;jidg;; gpupTfs; Njhw;wk; ngw;W tsu;e;jd. ,jdhy;

%d;W gpuNjrj; jg;]Pu;fspd; Nghf;FfspYk;; ghupasT tpj;jpahrq;fs;

fhzg;gLfpwd.

3. ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; mfPjhtpy; Kuz;gl;l rpe;jidfspd; Njhw;wKk; jg;]Piu

ikagLj;jp; Njhd;wpapUe;jik kw;WnkhU Kf;fpa tpla khFk;. cjhuzkhf>

fjhjh (wop) mtu;fspd;; jg;]Pu; tpsf;fq;fs; “foh fj;u;” njhlu;ghf

mike;jjhy; mtu; fjhpa;ahg; gpupitr; Nru;e;jtu; vd Cfpf;Fk; epiy

cUthdJ.

jgcj;jhgp<d;fs; fhyk;jgcj;jhgp<d;fs; fhyk;jgcj;jhgp<d;fs; fhyk;jgcj;jhgp<d;fs; fhyk;jgcj;jhgp<d;fs; fhyk;

! jg;]Pu; E}yhf;fk;: ̀ p[;hp Kjyhk; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjp fhyg;gpuptpy; jg;]Pu;

fUj;Jf;fs; E}y; tbtk; ngw Muk;gpj;jd. ,khk; ]<j; gpd; [_igh;

mth;fspd; jg;]Pu; fUj;Jf;fs; Kjd; Kjypy; E}yhf;fk; ngw;wd. vdpDk;

`p[;hp 90 ,y; kuzpj;j mGy; Mypah vd;gtUf;Fupa jg;]Pu;jhd; Kjypy;

E}y; cUg;ngw;wJ vd;w fUj;Jk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

! `p[;hp ,uz;lhk; E}w;whz;by; jg;]Pu; fUj;Jf;fs; xd;W Nrh;f;Fk; gzp

ghupastpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. mitfs; `jP]; njhFg;Gfspy; Nru;e;J

fhzg;gl;ld. ,g;D `h&d; m];]ykP> \p/gj; ,g;D `[;[h[;> tfP/

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,g;D [u;uh`;> ,g;D cghjh my;g]up> mg;Ju;u];]hf; ,g;D `k;khk;

MfpNahu; ,jpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Js;shu;fs;.

! `p[;hp %d;whk; E}w;whz;by; ju;jPg; jpyhtjpy; Fu;Md; xOq;fpy; jg;]Pu;

fUj;Jf;fs; njhFf;fg;gl;ld. ,jpy; ,khk; ,g;D kh[h(`p: 273)> ,khk;

jgup (`p:310)> ,khk; ,g;D mgP ̀ hjpk; (`p:327); Nghd;Nwhh; <Lgl;bUe;jdh;.

! ,f;fhy jg;]Pu; Mrpupah;fs; gy tplaaq;fspy; ftdk; nrYj;jpdh;.

" ]yGfspd; tpsf;fq;fSf;F Kuz;glhj tifapy; tpsf;fpdu;.

" trdq;fSf;F K`k;kj; (]y;)> ]`hghf;fs;> jhgp<d;fs; Kd;itj;j

tpsf;fq;fis Muha;e;J cWjpg;gLj;jpdu;.

" jj;jkJ murpay;> rkaf; nfhs;iffspd; mbg;gilapy; gpupe;J mjw;FupathW

ek;gfj;jd;ikaw;w `jP];fs;> fUj;Jf;fs; %yk; tpsf;fq;fis

Kd;itg;gjpypUe;J ghJfhj;jy;

" gy nkhop NgRNthh; ,];yhj;ij Vw;wpUe;j NghJ J}a muG nkhopapd;

nry;thf;F ,oe;J fhzg;gl;lJ. mtw;iw ghJfhg;gjw;fhd nray; jpwd;.

! 3- 14k; E}w;whz;L tiu ntspte;j jg;]Ph;fs;

,f;fhy gpuptpy; ntspte;j jg;]Pu;fs; ngUk;ghyhdit “ jg;]Ph; gpy;k/#h;”

jg;]Pu; gph;u/ap tiffisr; rhh;e;jitahfNt fhzg;gl;ld. gpd;tUk;

jg;]Pu;fs; jg;]Ph; gpy;k/#h; tifapy; gpugy;akhditfs;:

1. [hkpcy; gahd; gp jg;]Pupy; Fu;Md;- ,khk; jgup (u`;)

2. g`;Uy; cY}k; - ,khk; ]ku;fe;jp (u`;)

3. jg;]PUy; Fu;Mdpy; moPk; - ,khk; ,g;D f]Pu; (u`;)

4. mj;Ju;Uy; kd;]{u; gpj;jg;]Pupy; k/R+u; - ,khk; [yhYj;jPd;

m];]{A+jp (u`;)

5. my;[th`pUy; `p]hd; gp jg;]Pupy; Fu;Md; - ,khk; mg;Ju; u`;khd;

m];]/ygp (u`;)

6. my; K`u;uUy; t[P]; gp fpjhgpy; m]P]; - ,khk; ,g;D mjpa;ah (u`;)

! mj;jgup (u`;) mtu;fspd; jg;]Pu; E}Ny “[hkpcy; gahd; gP jg;]Pupy;

Fu;Md;”; MFk;. ,tu; tuyhw;Wj;Jiwapd; je;ijahf fUjg;gLtJ NghyNt

jg;]Pu; Jiwapd; je;ijahfTk; fUjg;gLfpwhu;. ,g;D `y;ypfhd; (u`;)

(fp.gp. 1211-1282) mtu;fs; ,tu; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ” ,khk; jgup

mtu;fs; K[;j`pJfspy; xUtu; kl;Lkd;wp> ve;jnthU ,khikAk;

gpd;gw;whjtu;” ;; ;; ; vd;fpwhu;. ,tUf;nfd;W jg;]Pu; Jiwapy; jdpahd Nghf;Fz;L.

mtiur; #o mwpQu; Fonthd;W fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.mf;FOtpdu; “[uPupa;A+d;”

vdr; rpwg;gpj;J miof;fg;gLfpd;wdu;.

! ,khk; jgup (u`;) mtu;fspd; jg;]Pu ; midj;J jg;]Pu ;fSf;Fk;

Kjd;ikahdJ. jg;]Pu; jgupiag; Nghy NtW ve;jnthU E}Yk; ,j;Jiwapy;;;

njhFf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gjpy; ,];yhkpa r%fk; xd;Wgl;bUf;fpwJ vd

,khk; ettp (u`;) (fp;.gp; 1235) Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;.

! ,khk; jgup (u`;) mtu;fs; ntWk; rpe;jdh uPjpahf kl;Lk; my;Fu;Mid

tpsf;f Kw;gLtij kWf;fpd;whu;. Vnddpy>; my;Fu;Md; Kd;itf;Fk; ajhu;j;j

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G+u;tkhd fUj;Jf;fis tpsf;f Kd;> mJ ,wq;fpa fhyg;gFjpf;Fupa kf;fspd;

gpd;dzp gw;wpa mwpT mtrpak; vd;Wk; mjw;F Kiwahd ]yGfspd;

fUj;Jf;fs; mtrpak; vd;Wk; typAWj;Jfpd;whu;.

! ,khk; jgup (u ;̀) mtu;fspd; jg;]Pu; Ehiy ,yf;fz tpjpfis Kd;itf;Fk;

E}yhfTk; ghu;f;f KbAnkd ,yf;fz ty;Ydu;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdu;. ,j;jg;]Pu;

,yf;fz tpjpfSld; kl;Lk; epWj;jpf;nfhs;shJ ,yf;fpa eaq;fisAk;

nkhopg; gpuNahfq;fisAk; Jy;ypakhf vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ. NkYk>; ,khk;

jgup (u`;) mtu;fs;; gpf;`; fiy njhlu;ghd fUj;Jf;fisAk; Ma;T

nra;fpd;whu;.

jg;]Pu; gpy; k/#u; tYtpoe;jikf;fhd fhuzpfs;jg;]Pu; gpy; k/#u; tYtpoe;jikf;fhd fhuzpfs;jg;]Pu; gpy; k/#u; tYtpoe;jikf;fhd fhuzpfs;jg;]Pu; gpy; k/#u; tYtpoe;jikf;fhd fhuzpfs;jg;]Pu; gpy; k/#u; tYtpoe;jikf;fhd fhuzpfs;

jg;]Pu; gpy; k/#u; tifahd tpsf;fq;fSf;fhf Kd;itf;fg;gl;l ̀ jP];fspy;>

rpyNghJ K`k;kj; (]y;)> Njhou;fs;;> jhgp<d;fs; MfpNahupd; fUj;Jf;fspy;

gytPdkhd epiy fhzg;gLtJ Ma;TG+u;tkhf ,dq;fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,g;gytPdj;Jf;fhd fhuzpfis gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.

m. mjpfkhd Gide;Jiufs; Nru;f;fg;gl;lik

M. murpay; uPjpapyhd gpsTfs;

,. ,];yhj;jpd; vjpupfspd; rjp Kaw;rp

<. ,];uh<ypa;aj;Jf;fs; Eioe;jik

c. ,];dhJfs; Jz;bf;fg;gl;L kjd; khj;jpuk; Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;lik

jg;]Pu; gpu;u/ap my; k`;%j;jg;]Pu; gpu;u/ap my; k`;%j;jg;]Pu; gpu;u/ap my; k`;%j;jg;]Pu; gpu;u/ap my; k`;%j;jg;]Pu; gpu;u/ap my; k`;%j;

my;Fu;Md; trdq;fSf;F”,[;jp`hj;” %yk; Kd;itf;fg;gLk; tpsf;fj;ij

Fwpg;gjw;F jg;]Pu; fiyapd; gz;ghl;bYs;s thu;j;ijg; gpuuNahfk; jg;]Pu;

gpu;u/ap vd;gjhFk;. ,t;tif tpsf;fq;fs; Kw;whf jtpu;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;

vd;Wk; Vw;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; ,Utiff; fUj;Jf;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

! jg;]Pu; njhlu;ghd mwptpg;Gf;fs; njhFf;fg;gl;l fhyg;gFjpapypUe;Nj jg;]Pu;

gpu;u/ap tifahd jg;]Pu;fSk; vOjg;gl;ld. mit xt;nthd;wpdJk;

Nghf;FfSk; jg;]Pu; Mrpupau;fspd; rpe;jidfSf;F Vw;g tpj;jpahrg;gLfpd;wd.

mt;tf;fhy r%fr; #oYf;fhd topfhl;ly;fshfTk;> r%fg; gpur;rpidfisj;

Jy;ypakhf jPu;j;J itg;gjw;F cjTk; tifapYk; mit fhzg;gl;ld.

vdpDk;> mitahTk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;Ls;sdth vd Nehf;Fk; NghJ> ,];yhkpa

cyfk; mit midj;ijAk; ghJfhg;gjpy; mf;fiw fhl;ltpy;iy vd;gJ

GydhfpwJ. mjdhy; gy mwpTg; nghf;fprkhd jg;]Pu; E}y;fs; mope;Jtpl;ld.

,t;tifj; jg;]Pu; Ehy;fspy; gpd;tUk; jg;]Pu;fs; kl;LNk thrpf;ff;

fpilf;fpd;wd. mitahtd>

1. kghjp`_y; ifg; - ,khk; gf;Uj;jPd; mu;uh]p (u`;)

2. md;thUj;jd;]Py; tm];uhUj; j/tPy; - ,khk; igohtp (u`;)

3. kjhupFj;jd;]Py; t`fh,fj; j/tPy; - ,khk; md;dp];gp (u`;)

4. YghGj; j/tPy; gp kMdpj; jd;]Py; - ,khk; my; fh]pd; (u`;)

5. my;g ;̀Uy; K`Pj;- ,khk; mG+ `a;ahd; (u ;̀)

6. fuh,Gy; Fu;Md; tufh,Gy; Gu;fhd; - ,khk; ie]hG+up (u`;)

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7. jg;]Pu; [yhiyd;-,khk; [yhYj;jPd; k`y;yp> [yhYj;jPd;

m];]{A+jp(u`;)

8. m];]uh[_y; KdPu; - ,khk; m];]u;gPdp (u`;)

9. ,u;]hJy; mf;yp]; ]yPk; ,yh k]hah my;fpjhgpy; fuPk; -

,khk; mG+ ]/j; (u ;̀)

10. &`{y; kMdp - ,khk; MY}]p (u`;)

! mj;jg;]Pu; gpu;u/apy; kj;%k;;: mj;jg;]Pu; gpu;u/apy; kj;%k;;: mj;jg;]Pu; gpu;u/apy; kj;%k;;: mj;jg;]Pu; gpu;u/apy; kj;%k;;: mj;jg;]Pu; gpu;u/apy; kj;%k;;: jg;]Pu;f; fiy tsh;r;rpapy;; gFj;jwpit

kl;Lk; gad;gLj;jp tpsf;Fk; KiwAk;> gFj;jwpTld; Kd;idatu;fspd;

fUj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;L tpsf;Fk; KiwAk; Njhw;wk; ngw;wd. gFj;jwpT

thjj;jpw;F kl;Lk; Kd;Dupik nfhLj;J khu;f;fj;ij tpsf;f Kw;gl;l NghJ

gy Nfhl;ghl;L uPjpapyhd Gjpa fUj;Jf;fs; cUntLj;jd. mtw;iw

epWTtjw;F Clfkhf my;Fu;Midg; gad;gLj;jpdu;. mtw;wpy; K/j]pyh

kw;Wk; \PM rpe;jid jg;]Ph;fs; Kf;fpakhditfshFk;.

jg;]Ph; #gp:jg;]Ph; #gp:jg;]Ph; #gp:jg;]Ph; #gp:jg;]Ph; #gp: j]t;Tg; vd;gJ cyfg; gw;ww;w tho;itAk; ghtq;fspypUe;J

jtpu;e;J (Md;kPf) my;yh ;̀it Nerpg;gijAk; Fwpf;Fk;. ,r;rpe;jidg; Nghf;F

,];yhk; mwpKfkhd fhyk; Kjy; tof;fpypUe;J te;Js;sJ. `p[;up 2k;

E}w;whz;by; mG+ `h\pk; (fp.gp. 771) vd;gtu; ,jid xU Nfhl;ghlhf

Kd;itj;jhu;. ,f;Nfhl;ghl;il gpd;gw;WNthu; #gp vDk; ngau;nfhz;L

miof;fg;gl;ldu;. ,jd; gpd;du; ,Jgw;wpa fUj;Jf;fSk; Ma;T Kaw;rpfSk;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJld; jdpj;Jtkhd Jiwahf j]t;Tg; tsu Muk;gpj;jJ.

gpw;gl;l fhyq;fspy; j]t;Tg; vDk; ngaupy; jtwhd Jwtwg; Nghf;Fk;>

gpioahd gpd;gw;wy; KiwfSk; cUntLj;jNjhL J}a;ikahd #gp

rpe;jidapd; Nghf;fpy; gpw kjq;fspdJk; rpj;jhe;jq;fspdJk; Nfhl;ghLfs;

Eioa Muk;gpj;jd. ,jdbg;gilapy; j]t;Tg; Nfhl;ghl;il ,U tifg;gLj;jp

Nehf;f KbAk;.

1. j]t;Tg; eo;hp;: mwpTG+u;tkhd j]t;Tg; rpe;jid

2. j]t;Tg; mkyp: nraw;wpwd; kpf;f j]t;Tg; rpe;jid

#gp rpe ;jidapd; mbg;gilapy; te;j jg;]Pu ;fspy; gpd;tUtd

Kf;fpakhditfshFk;

! fuh,Gy; Fu;Md; - ,khk; me;ie]hG+up (u`;)

! &`_y; kMdp - ,khk; MY}]p (u`;)

! jg;]PUy; Fu;Mdpy; moPk; - ,khk; J\;jup (u`;)

! my;-g]{]; - ,khk; ,g;D mugp (u`;)

! `fh,Fj; jg;]Pu;- mg+ mg;Ju; u`;khd; m];]kp (u`;)

! fuh,Ry; gahd; - mG+ K`k;kJ ]Puh]; (u`;)

! mj;j/tPyhj; e[;kpa;ah- e[;Kj;jPd; jhaj;

gpf;`; Jiwj; jg;]Pu;fs;gpf;`; Jiwj; jg;]Pu;fs;gpf;`; Jiwj; jg;]Pu;fs;gpf;`; Jiwj; jg;]Pu;fs;gpf;`; Jiwj; jg;]Pu;fs;

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gpf;̀ ; njhlu;ghd trdq;fis my;Fu;Md; cs;slf;fpajd; Nehf;fk; mtw;iw

cupa Kiwapy; tpsq;fp tho;tpy; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w

,yl;rpaj;jpw;fhFk;. K`k;kj; (]y;) mtu;fsJ fhyg;gFjpapy; ]`hghhf;fs;

mtw;iw mwGnkhopapd; gpd;dzpAld; tpsq;fpdhu;fs;. tpsq;Ftjw;Fr;

rpukkhd trdq;fis K`k;kj; (]y;) mtu;fsplk; Neubahff; Nfl;Lj;

njupe;J nfhs;tu;. egpapd; kuzj;ijj; njhlu;e;J Gjpa tifahd

gpur;rpidfisr; re;jpj;j NghJ mtw;iw “,];jpd;ghj;” %yk; KbTfisg;

ngw;Wj; jPu;j;Jf; nfhz;ldu;. mjhtJ> Fwpg;gpl;l gpur;rpidia tpsq;fp>

mJNghd;w tplaq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLk; trdq;fispd; fUj;Jf;fisj; njspthf

tpsq;fp gpd;du; jkJ mwptpd; mbg;gilapy; csr;rPUld; jPu;Tfis

fz;Lnfhz;ldu;. my;Fu;Md;> m];]{d;dh %yk; jPu;T fhzKbahj NghJ

“,[;jp`hj;” %yk; jPu;T ngWthu;fs;. rpyNghJ vLf;fg;gLk; KbTfSf;F

vy;yh egpj;Njhou;fSk; xd;wpiztJk; NtWgl;bUg;gJk; mtu;fspilNa

ghupastpyhd gpur;rpidia Vw;gLj;jtp;y;iy

! jhgp<d;fsJ fhyg;gpuptpy; gpf;̀ ; vd;gJ jdpj;Jiwahf tsutpy;iy. kthypfs;

jhk; vjpu;Nehf;Fk; rl;l uPjpahd gpur;rpidfSf;F Ml;rpahsu;fisj; NjbtUk;

NghJ mtu;fs; gpd;thq;fpdu;. muR NtW> khu;f;fk; NtW vd;w rpe;jidj;

Njhw;wk; ngwyhapd. ,jdhy; ,f;fhyg;gpupT mwpQu;fs;> K`j;jp]Pd;fs;

nghJkf;fspd; gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;j;J itg;gjpy; ftdk; nrYj;jpdu;.

kthypfs; gy;NtW ehfupfq;fspd; nry;thf;fpw;Fl;gl;l mwG nkhopapy;

Gyik Fd;wpatu;fshfTk; ,Ue;jjdhy; K[;j`pJfspd; ftdk; khu;f;fk;

njhlu;ghd tplaq;fspy; mjpfupf;fyhapw;W. ,khk;fspd; rp;e;jidfspd;

gpd;dzpapy; gy khztu;fs; tsu;j;njLf;fg;gl;ldu;. vdpDk;> mtu;fs; Gjpa

fUj;Jf;fisf; $wtpy;iy. FUitg; gpd;gw;Wk; jf;ypj; epiyapNyNa

,Ue;jdu;. Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l K[;j p̀Jfs; \uPM rl;lk; njhlu;ghd fUj;Jf;fis

my;Fu;Mid Kjd;ik Mjhukhff; nfhz;L Kd;itj;jdu;. mjdbNa

gpf;`;j; Jiwrhu; jg;]Pu;fs; Njhw;wk; ngw;wd.

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Nju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rp 3 .03.03.03.03.0 ::::: my;Fu;Md; ]_d;dhit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Lmy;Fu;Md; ]_d;dhit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Lmy;Fu;Md; ]_d;dhit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Lmy;Fu;Md; ]_d;dhit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Lmy;Fu;Md; ]_d;dhit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

tsu;r;rpaile;j fiyfis mwpe;J mtw;wpd;tsu;r;rpaile;j fiyfis mwpe;J mtw;wpd;tsu;r;rpaile;j fiyfis mwpe;J mtw;wpd;tsu;r;rpaile;j fiyfis mwpe;J mtw;wpd;tsu;r;rpaile;j fiyfis mwpe;J mtw;wpd;

Njhw;wj;Jf;F VJtha; mike;j fhuzpfisNjhw;wj;Jf;F VJtha; mike;j fhuzpfisNjhw;wj;Jf;F VJtha; mike;j fhuzpfisNjhw;wj;Jf;F VJtha; mike;j fhuzpfisNjhw;wj;Jf;F VJtha; mike;j fhuzpfis

tpgupg ;ghu ;tpgupg ;ghu ;tpgupg ;ghu ;tpgupg ;ghu ;tpgupg ;ghu ;

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3 .33.33.33.33.3 ::::: `jP]; xU jdpf; fiyahf tsu;r;rp ngWtjw;Ff;`jP]; xU jdpf; fiyahf tsu;r;rp ngWtjw;Ff;`jP]; xU jdpf; fiyahf tsu;r;rp ngWtjw;Ff;`jP]; xU jdpf; fiyahf tsu;r;rp ngWtjw;Ff;`jP]; xU jdpf; fiyahf tsu;r;rp ngWtjw;Ff;

fhuzkha; mike;j gpd;dzpia tpsf;Fthu;;fhuzkha; mike;j gpd;dzpia tpsf;Fthu;;fhuzkha; mike;j gpd;dzpia tpsf;Fthu;;fhuzkha; mike;j gpd;dzpia tpsf;Fthu;;fhuzkha; mike;j gpd;dzpia tpsf;Fthu;;


fw;wy; NgWfsfw;wy; NgWfsfw;wy; NgWfsfw;wy; NgWfsfw;wy; NgWfs;; ;; ; :::::

! `jP];- ]{d;dh - fgu; Nghd;w gjq;fis tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.

! `jP]pd;; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij Mjhuq;fSld; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.

! `jP];fiy Njhd;wp tsu;e;j Kiwapid tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.

! `jP];fs; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L njhFf;fg;gl;l xOq;fpid tpgupg;ghu;.

! mjd; tsu;r;rpf; fl;lq;fis vLj;Jf;fhl;b xt;nthU fhyfl;lj;jpYk;

Njhd;wpa tpUj;jpiaAk;> gpujhd K`j;jp]Pd;fisAk;> `jP];

E}y;fisAk; gl;baw;gLj;Jthu;.

! fyhrhu xUikg;ghl;ilg; NgZtjpy; `jP];fspd; gq;fpid cjhuzk;

fhl;b tpsf;Fthu;.


! `jP]; vd;w muGg; gjk; nra;jp> Gjpait> ciuahly; vDk; nkhopf;fUj;

Jf;fspy; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

! ,];yhj;jpy; ,g;gjk; ~~egp(]y;) mth;fSila nrhy;> nray;> mq;fPfhuk;>

tu;zidfs;> gz;Geyd;fs;|| vd;gtw;iwf; Fwpg;gjw;Nf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

! ]{d;dh vd;w muGg; gjk; tho;f;if top> khh;f;fk;> epajp> Kiwik>

xOq;F> tof;fk;> eilKiw vDk; nkhopf;fUj;Jf;fspy; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

,];yhj;jpy; ,g;gjk; ~~egp K`k;kJ (]y;) mtu;fs; fhl;br; nrd;w tho;f;if

Kiwikiaf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ||

! `jP];> ]{d;dh Mfpa ,U gjq;fisAk; nghJthf K`j;jp]Pd;fs; xNu

fUj;jpNyNa gpuNahfpf;fpd;wdh;. NtWgLj;jpf;fhl;LNthu; ]{d;dh egp (]y;)

mtu;fsJ tho;f;if Kiwik vdTk; `jP]; mtw;wpd; gjpT vdTk;

Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;fs;.

! `jP]; vd;w gjk; ~fgu;| ~m]u;| vDk; nrhw;fspYk; gpuNahfpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

vdpDk; Fuh]hd; gpuNjrj;J mwpQh;fs; ~fgu;| vd;w nrhy;iy ̀ jP]; vd;w

fUj;jpYk; ~m]u;| vd;w nrhy;iy egpj;Njhoh;fspd; thf;FfSk; KbTfSk;

vd;w fUj;jpYk; Fwpj;Jf;fhl;bAs;shu;;fs;.

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`jP]; fiyapd; Njhw;wKk; tsu;r;rpAk;`jP]; fiyapd; Njhw;wKk; tsu;r;rpAk;`jP]; fiyapd; Njhw;wKk; tsu;r;rpAk;`jP]; fiyapd; Njhw;wKk; tsu;r;rpAk;`jP]; fiyapd; Njhw;wKk; tsu;r;rpAk;

! `jP]; my;yJ ]{d;dh vdg;gLtJ egpatu;fspd; thf;ifAk; tho;itAk;

Fwpg;gjhFk;. egpatu;fspd; tho;f;if Kiw KOtJk; ]{d;dh; mtu;fs;

kw;wtu;fSf;Fr; nrhd;dit ̀ jP]; vd;gjhFk;. egpatu;fs; nray; Kiwfis

]{d;dh Fwpf;f mtw;wpd; gjpT `jP]; vdg;gLk;. egp (]y;) mtu;fspd;

EGt;tj; Kjy; mtuJ tghj; tiu mtu; nkhope;jit> nra;J fhl;bait>

mq;fPfupj;jit midj;Jk; ̀ jP];fSs; mlq;Ffpd;wd. mtupd; tghj;NjhL

`jP]; Kw;Wg;ngw;whYk; mtu;fsJ tho;f;if Kiw vy;yh K];ypk;fshYk;

vy;yhf; fhyj;jpw;Fk; ghJfhf;fg;glTk; gpd;gw;wg;glTk; Ntz;ba epiy

,Ue;jikahy; ,d;Wtiu mjidg; ghJfhf;Fk; Kaw;rpapy; xt;nthU

fhyg;gFjpapYk; tho;e;j K];ypk;fs; <Lgl;L te;Js;sdu;. ,g;ghJfhg;G

Kaw;rpNa `jP];fiy tuyhwhf tsu;r;rp mile;Js;sJ.

! `jP]; njhFf;fg;gl;l tuyhW egp K`k;kJ (]y;) mtu;fsJ

EGt;tj;jpypUe;J Muk;gkhfp ,d;Wtiu njhlu;fpd;wJ.

! ,t;tuyhw;wpd; Njhw;wk;> mijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy;> ghJfhj;jy;>

VidNahUf;F mwptpj;jy;> `jP];fisj; jpul;Ljy;>E}YUg;gLj;jy;>

NghypfspypUe;J mjidj; J}a;ikg;gLj;jy;> njhFj;J vOJjy;> tpsf;fp

tpupTiu vOJjy; Nghd;w mk;rq;fs; cs;slq;Ffpd;wd.

egp(]y;) mth;fsJ fhyk;egp(]y;) mth;fsJ fhyk;egp(]y;) mth;fsJ fhyk;egp(]y;) mth;fsJ fhyk;egp(]y;) mth;fsJ fhyk;

! egp(]y;) mth;fsJ egpj;Jtj;jpypUe;J mtuJ tghj; tiuAs;s fhyg;gFjp

`jP]pd; tuyhw;wpy; egp(]y;) mth;fsJ fhykhf fzpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,f;fhyg;

gFjpapy; jhd; ̀ jP];fs; ntspahfpd. egp(]y;) mth;fsplkpUe;J ntspahfpa

`jP];fis egpj;Njhoh;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjpy; kpfj; jPtpu Mh;tKk; <LghLk;

fhl;bdhh;fs;. cjhuzk; jpz;izj;Njhoh;fspd; eltbf;iffs;.

! egp(]y;) mth;fsJ fhyj;jpy; `jP];fisg; ghJfhg;gjw;F kpf

Kf;fpakhd %d;W topKiwfs; egpj;Njhoh;fspdhy; gpd;gw;wg;gl;likiaf;

fz;Lnfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ.

1. kddkpLjy;

2. vOjpg;ghJfhj;jy;

3. tho;f;ifapy; eilKiwg;gLj;jpg; ghJfhj;jy;.

! jpz;izj; Njhoh;fs;> ck;k`hJy; K/kpdPd;fs;> egpfshupd; gzpahl;fs;>

jdpg;gl;l mbg;gilapy; Njhoh;fs; kddj;jpd; %yk; ̀ jP];fisg; ghJfhj;J

toq;fpdhh;fs;.

cjhuzk;: egp (]y;) mth;fsJ kidtpkhh;fshd ck;k`hJy; K/

kpdPd;fs;> ngz;fs; rk;ge;jkhd Nghjidfis kddj;jpy; ghJfhj;J

toq;fpaijf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

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! kddj;jpd; %yk; ̀ jP];fisg; ghJfhg;gjd; rpwg;igr; rpyhfpj;J egp (]y;)

mtu;fs; gpd;tUkhW $wpAs;shu;fs;.

“40 ̀ jP];fis kddQ; nra;gtd; ehis kWikapy; QhdpfSld; vOg;gg;

gLthd;.”

! [h`pypa;ahf; fhy muG ehl;by; vOJk; tof;fk; cilatu;fs;

vz;zpf;ifapy; Fiwe;j mstpNyDk; ,Ue;Js;sdh; vd;gij f/gJy;yhtpy;

njhq;ftplg;gl;l ftpijj; njhFg;Gf;fs;> cld;gbf;iffs;> fbjq ;fs ;

ep&gpf;fpd;wd.

! egp(]y;) mth;fSila fhyj;jpy; `jP];fis vOjpg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd

Kaw;rpfis egpj;Njhou;fs; Nkw;nfhz;lhh;fs; vd;gjw;F tuyhw;whjhuq;fs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

i) mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D cku; (uop) mth;fs; xU Kiw egp(]y; mtu;fsplk;

nrd;W “ehd; ̀ jP];fspy; rpytw;iw tpsq;fpitf;f tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. mtw;iw

vdJ kddj;NjhL xg;gpl;L vOjpitf;fTk; tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. mJgw;wp jq;fsJ

fUj;njd;d? vd tpdtpdhh;fs;. mjw;F egp(]y;) mth;fs;> vOJtjpy;

jtwpy;iy> Mdhy; “vd;idg;gw;wp kdKuz;lhfg; ngha;Aiuf;fpd;wtd; ehis

kWikapy; euifj; jq;Fkplkhf vLj;Jf;nfhs;thd;.” vdf; $wpdhh;fs;.

,jw;Fg; gpd;dh; mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D ckh;(uop) mth;fs; ̀ jP];fis vOjpf;

nfhz;ljhfTk; mt;thW vOjpf;nfhz;l `jP];fis cs;slf;fpa jpul;Lf;

fis jhgp<d;fs; fz;ljhfTk;> mtUila jpul;L> “]`Pgh ]hjpfh” vd

miof;fg;gl;ljhfTk; tuyhw;whjhuq;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd.

ii) mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D mk;h; ,g;Dy; M]; (uop) mth;fs; egp(]y;) mtu;fsJ

`jP];fs; midj;ijAk; vOjpf; nfhs;Sk; tof;fk; cilatuhf ,Ue;jhu;.

“egp (]y;) mth;fs; RfJf;f Ntisfspy; $Wfpd;wtw;iwAkh vOjpf;

nfhs;fpd;wPH? vdj; Njhoh;fs; Nfl;lNghJ> egp(]y;) mtu;fsplk; nrd;W

,J gw;wp Kiwg;ghL nra;J> re;Njfj;ijj; jPu;j;Jf; nfhz;;lhu;.

“my;yh`;tpd; kPJ Mizahf ,e;j thapypUe;J cz;ikiaj; jtpu

NtW vJTk; ntsptuhJ.” vd egp(]y;) mtu;;fs; ,tUf;Ff; $wpdhu;;fs;.

,jd; %yk; Nkw;gb Njhou; vOjpf; nfhs;tij egp (]y;) mtu;;fs;

mDkjpj;Js;shu;;fs; vd;gJ ep&gpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,t;thW egpj; Njhou;fSs;

ehw;gJf;F mjpfkhdth;fs; `jP];fis vOjpg;ghJfhj;jjhf tuyhw;wh

jhuq;fs; $Wfpd;wd.

! `jP];fisg; ghJfhf;Fk; tplaj;jpy; egp (]y;) mth;fsJ fhyj;jpy;

gpd;gw;wg;gl;l kpfTk; rpwe;j xU topKiw Njhoh;fs; jkJ tho;f;ifapy;

`j P] ;fis my;yJ eg p (]y ; ) mtu ;fs pd ; to pKiwfisg ;

gpd;gw;wpte;jikahFk;. Njhou;fs; egp (]y;) mtu;fis mZ mZthfg;

gpd;gw;wpdhu;fs; vd;gjid m\;-\pgh vDk; E}ypy; gjpthfpAs;s gpd;tUk;

tuyhw;Wr; rk;gtk; ep&gpf;fpd;wJ.

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! xUKiw egp(]y;) mth;fs; njhOifia elhj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ

jkJ ghjzpfis xUGwkhff; fow;wp itj;jhh;fs;. ,ij mtjhdpj;j

Njhou; fSk; jkJ ghjzpfisAk; fow;wp itj;jhh;fs;. njhOif Kbe;jJk;

egp (]y;) mth;fs; Njhoh;fis Nehf;fp “ePq;fs; Vd; cq;fsJ ghjzpfis

fow;wp itj;jPu;fs;? vdf;Nfl;lNghJ “ah u#yy;yh`;! ePq;fs;

nra;jjdhNyNa ehq;fSk; mt;thW nra;Njhk; vdf ;$w pd h h ; fs ; .

mjw;F egp (]y;) mth;fs; vdJ ghjzpapy; e[P]; ,Ug;gjhf [pg;uPy;

(miy) mth;fs; mwptpj;jjdhNyNa ehd; mt;thW nra;Njd;.” v d f ;

$wpdhh;fs;. ,q;F Njhoh;fs; egp (]y;) mtu;fis m Z t Z t h f g ;

gpd;gw;wp te;Js;shh;fs; vd;gij czh;e;Jnfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ.

]`hghf;fs; fhyk;]`hghf;fs; fhyk;]`hghf;fs; fhyk;]`hghf;fs; fhyk;]`hghf;fs; fhyk;

! egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ tghj;jpypUe;J mjhtJ `p[;up 11Mk; Mz;bypUe;J

]`hghf;fs; fhyk;;;; Muk;gpj;J ̀ p[;up 100 Mk; Mz;Ltiu my;yJ filrp

]`hgp tghj;jhFk; tiu ,f;fhyk; njhlh;fpwJ. ,f;fhyk; Ml;rpg;gutypd;

mbg;gilapYk;> #o;epiy khw;wq;fspd; mbg;gilapYk; Kd;ida

fhyj;ijtpl tpj;jpahrkhd jd;ikfs; nfhz;ldthff; fhzg;gl;lJ.

! egpj;Njhoh;fs; ̀ jP]pd; my;yJ egpfshupd; topKiwfspd; ghJfhg;gpw;Fk;>

Vidath;fSf;F mjid nrd;wila itg;gjw;Fk; jk ;khy ; Mw ;w

Ntz;ba gq;fspg;Gf;fis murpay; kl;lj;jpYk;> jdpg;gl;ltifapYk; rpwe;j

Kiwapy; Nkw;nfhz;L ,d;W tiu K];ypk; ck;;kj;jpdu;; `jP];fisg;

ngw;W ,];yhj;jpd; topapw; nry;y toptFj;jhu;fs;.

jhgp<d;fs; fhyk;jhgp<d;fs; fhyk;jhgp<d;fs; fhyk;jhgp<d;fs; fhyk;jhgp<d;fs; fhyk;

! ]`hghf;fis mLj;J `jP];Jiwf;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jtu;fs;

jhgp<d;fshtu;. jhgp<d;fs; fhyk; `p[;up 100 ypUe;J Muk;gkhfp `p[;up

150 my;yJ `p[ ;u p 200 tiu njhlh ;f pwJ vdf ;fUj ;Jf ;fs ;

Kd;itf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.

! jhgp<d;fs; fhyj;j pd ; Muk;gj ;j py ; `jP]; Jiw vjph ;nfhz;l

gpur;rpidfSf;fhd fhuzq;fs;

1. Fyghch; uh\pJ}d;fSf;Fg; gpd;dh; Ml;rpgPlk; Vwpa cikah

Ml;rpahsu;fspy; xU rpyupd; Nkhrkhd epiy.

2. Fyghcu; uh\pJ}d;fs; ̀ jP]pd; ghJfhg;G tplaj;jpy; iff;nfhz;l Kaw;rp

fs; iftplg;gl;lik.

3. xU E}w;whz;L fhyk; tiu `jP];fs; Nfhh;it nra;ag;glhik ,jdhy;

Nghypahdit Njhd;wpd. gFj;jwptpd; mbg;gilapy; jPh;g;G$Wk; mstpw;F

epiyik NkhrkhfpaJ.

! cikahf;fs; tupirapy; `p[;up 99Mk; Mz;L ckh; ,g;D mg;Jy; m]P];

(u ;̀) mth;fs; Ml;rpgPlNkwpajd; gpd;dh; ,g;gpur;rpidiaj; jPu;j;J itj;jhu;fs;.

,jw;fbg;gilf; fhuzk; ,tuJ ngw;NwhuJ topelj;jYk;> mtuJ

guk;giuAk;> mth; fy;tpfw;w #oYk;> fw;w JiwfSkhFk;. mtu; jdJ

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Ml;rpapy; murpay; nghUshjhu> r%f> mwptpay;> xOf ;fg ;gz;ghl ;Lj ;

Jiwfspy; vy;yhk; khngUk; rPh;jpUj;jq;fisf; nfhz;Lte;jhu;. ,e;j

tupirapy; jhgp<d;fs; fhyj;jpd; Muk;gj;jpy; `jP];Jiw vjph;Nehf;fpa

gpur;rpidfSf;F rpwe;j jPh;nthd;iwAk;> g h J f h g ; n g h d ; i w A k ;

toq;fpdhh;.

! ckh; ,g;D mg;Jy; m]P]; (u`;) mth;fs; `jP];fis xd;Wjpul;b

vLg;gjw;fhd Kaw;rpfis Muk;gpj;J itj;jhh;fs;.

! “u]_y; (]y;) mth;fspd; ̀ jPi]Ak; ]{d;dhitAk; Njbf;fz;LgpbAq;fs;>

Vnddpy; ehd; mwptpd; kiwitAk; mwpQh;fspd; gpupitAk; mQ;RfpNwd;.”

vd kjPdhtpd; ftu;dUf;F mtu; vOjpapUe;j fbjj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jJ

,jid cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

! ckh; ,g;D mg;Jy; m]P]; (u`;) mth;fs; `jP];Jiwapy; <LghL

nfhz;l mwpQu;fisAk; `jPi] xd;Wjpul;Lk; gzpapy; <LgLj;jpaikf;F

“,khk; \p`hGj;jPd; R`;up” vd;gth; J}z;lg;gl;lijf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

! fpyhgj;jpd; ehyh gFjpfspYk; `jP];fis xd;Wjpul;Lk; eltbf;iffspy;

<Lglf;$batu;fis mf;fhyg;gFjpapy; fhz Kbe;jJ.

! `jP];fis xd;Wjpul;Lk; gzpapy; ghupa gq;fspg;Gf;fisr; nra;j jhgp<d;fs;

fhyj;J mwpQh;fs; `jP]pd; J}a;ikiag; NgZtjw;fhf rpy ghJfhg;G

Kiw fis my;yJ J}a;ik NgZk; Kiwfis mwpKfQ; nra;jhu;fs;.

mtw;Ws; kpfg;gpujhdkhd ,uz;L topKiwfs; gpd;tUkhW.

1. ,];dhijf; Fwpf;Fk; topKiwia Kjd; Kjypy; eilKiwf;F nfhz;L

te;jhu;fs;.

2. `jP];fis mwptpj;jth;fs; vtuhtJ capUld; ,Ue;jhy; mtu;fis

Neubahfr; nrd;W re;jpj;J mjid cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhh;;fs;.

! jhgp<d;fs; fhyj;jpy; ̀ jP];fs; xd;Wjpul;lg;gl;ljdhy; K];ypk; r%fj;jpdUf;F

gy;NtW rhjfkhd #o;epiyfs; cUthfpd.

1. K];ypk; ck;kj;jpdUf;F Kjd; Kjypy; `jP]; fpue;jq;fs; fpilj;jd.

KjyhtJ fpilj;j fpue;jkhf mjpfkhd ,];yhkpa mwpQu;fspdhy;

Fwpf;fg;gLtJ ,khk; khypf; (u`;) mth;fspd; ~Kmj;jh| vd;w fpue;jkhFk;.

2. jhgp<d;fs; fhyj;jpd; Muk;gj;jpy; ̀ jP];Jiw vjph;Nehf;fpa gpur;rpidfspy;

,Ue;J tpLjiy ngwf;$ba #o;epiy cUthfpaJ.

3. gFj;jwptpd; mbg;gilapy; khh;f;fg; gpur;rpidfisj; jPh;f;f KbahJ.

my;Fu;Md; my;yJ ̀ jP]pd; mbg;gilapy; mit jPu;f;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd;w

fUj;ij cWjpg;gLj;j Kbe;;jJ.

4. mLj;Jtuf;$ba `jP];Jiw mwpQH;fSf;F `jP]; Jiwf;Fg; gq;fspg;Gf;

fisr; nra;a ,th;fsJ gzpfs; Kd;khjpupahf mike;jd.

! jhgp<d;fs; fhyj;J mwpQH;fs; jhk; jpul;bf;nfhz;l `jP];fis ~K];dj;|

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mbg;gilapNyNa E}YUg;gLj;jpdhh;fs;. xU K`j;jp]; jhd; jpul;bf;nfhz;;l

`jP];fis mwptpg;ghsupd; nganuhOq;fpd; mbg;gilapy; E}YUg;gLj;jpf;

nfhs;tij ~~ ~K];dj;| tbtj;jpy; E}YUg;gLj;Jjy;|| vd;gJ Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

jgcj;jhgp<d;fs; fhyk;jgcj;jhgp<d;fs; fhyk;jgcj;jhgp<d;fs; fhyk;jgcj;jhgp<d;fs; fhyk;jgcj;jhgp<d;fs; fhyk;

! `jP];fs; gy;NtW tiffshf tifg;gLj;jp toq;fg;gl;lik.

1. Kd;ida fhyq;fistpl ̀ jP];fisg; ghJfhj;jy;> xd;Wjpul;ly;> E}YUg;

gLj;jy;> tpsf;fkspj;jy; Nghd;w fhupaq;fis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wNghJ ,f;fhyj;J

mwpQH;fs; gue;j xU Nehf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; ,k;Kaw;rpfspy; <Lgl;lhh;fs;.

mjhtJ egp (]y;) mth;fsJ tho;f;if topKiwfs; midj;Jk; K];ypk;

r%fj;jpdUf;Fj; Njit vd;w mbg;gilapy; ,g;gzpapy; <Lgl;lhu;fs;.

2. jgcj;jhgp<d;fsJ fhyj;jpw;F Kd;ida fhyq;fspy; ̀ jP];fNshL Nrh;j;J

mjw;Fupa tpsf;fq;fis vOjpf; nfhs;fpd;w xU eilKiw gpd;gw;wg;gl;lJ.

,J `jP]pd; J}a;ikf;Fg; gpur;rpidahf mike;jjhy; jgcj;jhgp<d;fs;

fhyj;J K`j;jp]Pd;fs; ̀ jP];fis khj;jpuk; Fwpj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; Kiwia

mwpKfQ; nra;jhh;fs;. ,jdhy; `jP]pd; J}a;ik Ngzg;gl;lJ.

3. jhgp<d;fs; fhyj;J K`j;jp]Pd;fs; jhk; jpul;bf; nfhz;l `jP];fis

~K];dj;| mbg;gilapy; E}YUg;gLj;jpdhh;fs;. Mdhy; jgcj;jhgp<d;fs;

fhyj;J mwpQH;fs; jhk; jpul;bf; nfhz;l `jP];fis ~[hkpc| my;yJ

K]d;dg; mbg;gilapNyNa E}YUg;gLj;jpdhh;fs;. xU K`j;jp];; jhk;

jpul;b vLj;Jf; nfhz;l ̀ jP];fisj; jiyg;Gf;fspd; mbg;gilapy; E}YUg;

gLj;jp toq;Ftjid ,J Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

~fpjhg;| vd;w ngupa jiyg;Gf;fspd; mbg;gilapYk; ~ghGd;| vd;w rpwpa

jiyg;Gf;fspd; mbg;gilapYk; ,th;fs; njhFj;J vOjpdhh;fs;. ,jdhy;

K];ypk; r%fj;jpdh; jkf;Fj; Njitahd `jP];fis ,yFthfg; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;s Kbe;jJ.

4. Nghypahd `jP];fis ,dq;fz;L nfhs;s `jPN]hL njhlu;ghd Vida

fiyfs; mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;ld. cjhuzkhf; m];khch; up[hy;> ,y;Ky;

[u ;̀ tj;j/jPy;> c]_Yy; `jP];

5. m];]p`h`{]; ]pj;jh vDk; gupRj;j `jP]; jpul;Lf;fs; toq;fg;gl;lik.

nks*Mj;fspd; Njhw;wKk; mit Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fKk;nks*Mj;fspd; Njhw;wKk; mit Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fKk;nks*Mj;fspd; Njhw;wKk; mit Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fKk;nks*Mj;fspd; Njhw;wKk; mit Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fKk;nks*Mj;fspd; Njhw;wKk; mit Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fKk;

! ~~egp (]y;) mtu;fs; nrhy;yhj> nra;ahj> mq;fPfupf;fhjtw;iw> mtu;fsJ

gz;Gfspy;> th;zidfspy; mlq;fhjtw;iw nrhd;djhfTk;> nra;jjhfTk;

mq;fPfupj;jjhfTk; gz;Gfs;> th;zidfspy; mlq;Ftjhf ngha;ahf Fwpj;Jf;

fhl;LtjidNa Nghypahd `jP]; vd;gJ Fwpf;fpd;wJ.||

! Nghypahd `jP];fs; vg;NghJ Njhw;wk; ngw;wd vd;gjpy; gpd;tUk; %d;W

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fUj;Jf;fs; Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

1. egp (]y;) mth;fsJ fhyj;jpy; ngha;ahd `jP];fs; Njhd;wpd.

2. mg+gf;h;> ckh;(uop) mth;fsJ fhyj;jpy; ngha;ahd `jP];fs; Njhd;wpd.

3. c];khd; (uop)mth;fsJ MW Mz;L Ml;rpapd; gpd;du; ngha;ahd `jP];

fs; Njhd;wpd. ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; Njhw;wk; ngw;wjw;fhd rhd;WfNs cs;sd.

! Nghypahd `jP];fs; Jupj Ntfj;jpy; tsh;r;rpaile;jikf;F ,uz;L

Kf;fpa fhuzq;fs; gpd;tUkhW.

1. Fyghch; uh\pJ}d; Ml;rpahsu;fs; `jP]pd; ghJfhg;G> `jP]pd; J}a;ik

tplaj;jpy; filg;gpbj;j eltbf;iffis> mjd;gpd;du; te;j Ml;rpahsu;fspy;

xUrpyu; iftpl;lik.

2. xU E}w;whz;L fhyk; `jP];fs; Nfhit nra;ag;glhikia tp\kpfs;

rhjfkhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lik.

Nghyp `jP];fs; Njhd;wpajw;fhd fhuzq;fs;Nghyp `jP];fs; Njhd;wpajw;fhd fhuzq;fs;Nghyp `jP];fs; Njhd;wpajw;fhd fhuzq;fs;Nghyp `jP];fs; Njhd;wpajw;fhd fhuzq;fs;Nghyp `jP];fs; Njhd;wpajw;fhd fhuzq;fs;

murpay; uPjpahd fhuzq;fs;murpay; uPjpahd fhuzq;fs;murpay; uPjpahd fhuzq;fs;murpay; uPjpahd fhuzq;fs;murpay; uPjpahd fhuzq;fs;

! c];khd; (uop) mth;fspd; MW Mz;L Ml;rpf;Fg; gpd;dh; ,];yhkpa

murpaypy; Fog;gq;fSk; gpur;rpidfSk; ,];yhj;jpd; vjpupfshy;

cUthf;fg;gl;ld. ,jidr; rhjpg;gjw;Fg; ngha;ahd `jP];fis murpay;

uPjpahfj; Njhd;wpa xt;nthU cl;gpuptpdUk; gad;gLj;jpdu;. \Pahf;fs; vd;Wk;>

cikahf;fs; vd;Wk; fhup[;fs; vd;Wk; Kjy; %d;W fyPghf;fisAk;

Mjupj;Njhu; vd;Wk; ,th;fs; jk;ik ,dq;fhl;bf; nfhz;ldu;. ,tu;fs;

cUthf;fpa Nghyp `jP];fSf;F cjhuzk;:

1. ~~myp (uop) vdJ thupRf;fhud;> mth; vdJ rNfhjud;> vdf;Fg; gpd;dhy;

jiytuhf tUgtu;> ePq;fs; mtuJ fl;lisfSf;Fr; nrtpkLj;J mtUf;Fg;

gzpe;J ele;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;.|| (ngha;ahd `jP];)

2. ~~neUg;G tpwif vupg;gJ Nghy mypia Nerpg;gJ ghtr; nray;fis

mopj;JtpLk;|| (ngha;ahd `jP];)

3. ~~KMtpah(uop)ia kpk;gupy; fz;lhy; thshy; ntl;btpLq;fs;||

(ngha;ahd `jP];)

4. ~~my;yh`;tplj;jpy; ek;gpf;iff;Fupath;fs; %th; ehd;> [pg;uPy;> KMtpah||

(ngha;ahd `jP];)

Nkw;Fwpj;j mbg;gilapy; xt;Nthu; cl;gpuptpdUk; ngha;ahd `jP];fis

mwptpj;jjdhy; ̀ jP]pd; J}a;ik ghjpf;fg;gl;lNjhL kl;Lky;yhky; egp(]y;)

mtu;fs; K];ypk;fs; kj;jpapy; fl;btsh;j;j xw;WikAk;> If;fpaKk;>

xUikg;ghLk; rPh;Fiye;J Ngha;tpl;lJ. ,d;Wtiu rPh;nra;a Kbahj

mstpw;Fj; jhf;fq;fis mJ Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. tuyhw;wpy; fhup[;fs; ngha;ahd

`jP];fis mwptpj;j ikf;Fr; rhd;Wfs; fpilahJ.

]pd;jPf;Ffs; my;yJ ,];yhj;jpd; vjpupfspd; eltbf;iffs;.]pd;jPf;Ffs; my;yJ ,];yhj;jpd; vjpupfspd; eltbf;iffs;.]pd;jPf;Ffs; my;yJ ,];yhj;jpd; vjpupfspd; eltbf;iffs;.]pd;jPf;Ffs; my;yJ ,];yhj;jpd; vjpupfspd; eltbf;iffs;.]pd;jPf;Ffs; my;yJ ,];yhj;jpd; vjpupfspd; eltbf;iffs;.

! ,];yhj;ij mwptpay; uPjpahfTk;> rpe;jid fyhrhu uPjpahfTk;> murpay;

uPjpahfTk; vjph;f;fpd;w Nehf;fj;jpy; ngha;ahd `jP];fis mwptpj;j

,];yhj;jpd; vjpupfNs ]pd;jPf;fs; Mth;. `yhy;> `uhk;> mfPjh> ,ghjj;

Nghd;w gy;NtW Jiwfspy; ngha;ahd ̀ jP];fis ,th;fs; mwptpj;jhh;fs;.

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,jw;F cjhuzq;fs; gpd;tUkhW@

1. ~~my;yh`; jdJ khh;gpYk; fuq;fspYKs;s kaph;fspdhy; kyf;Ffisr;

rpU\;bj;jhd;.|| (ngha;ahd `jP];)

2. ~~mofhd Kfj;ijg; ghh;g;gJ ,ghjj; MFk;. (ngha;ahd `jP];)

3. ~~my;yh`; jd;idr; rpU\;bf;f ehba NghJ Fjpiuiar; rpU\;bj;J

mjid Xlr; nra;jhd;. gpd;dh ; Fjpiuapd; tpah ;itapypUe;J

jd;idr;rpU\;bj;jhd;||

(ngha;ahd `jP];)

Nkw;gb eltbf;iffs; midj;Jk; ,];yhkpa mfPjhit> ,];yhkpa

,ghjj;Jf; fis> ̀ yhy;> ̀ uhk; gw;wpa tuk;Gfis ghjpg;gilar; nra;jd.

,d;Wk; $l K];ypk;fs; ,jd; jhf;fq;fSf;F cl;gl;L tUfpd;whh;fs;.

nkhop ,dk;> gpuNjrk;> kj;`g;>,khk; vDk; tplaq;fspy; ntwpnfhz;lnkhop ,dk;> gpuNjrk;> kj;`g;>,khk; vDk; tplaq;fspy; ntwpnfhz;lnkhop ,dk;> gpuNjrk;> kj;`g;>,khk; vDk; tplaq;fspy; ntwpnfhz;lnkhop ,dk;> gpuNjrk;> kj;`g;>,khk; vDk; tplaq;fspy; ntwpnfhz;lnkhop ,dk;> gpuNjrk;> kj;`g;>,khk; vDk; tplaq;fspy; ntwpnfhz;l

tu;;fs; ,l;Lf;fl;bait.tu;;fs; ,l;Lf;fl;bait.tu;;fs; ,l;Lf;fl;bait.tu;;fs; ,l;Lf;fl;bait.tu;;fs; ,l;Lf;fl;bait.

! ghurPf nkhop jdJ nry;thf;if ,oe;J nry;fpwJ vdf; fUjp mk;nkhopiag;

NgRfpd;wth;fs; jkJ nkhopf;Fr; rhjfkhfTk; muGnkhopf;F vjpuhfTk;

ngha;ahd `jP];fis mwptpj;jhh;fs;. ,jw;fhjuhkhf gpd;tUk; ngha;ahd

`jPi] Fwpg;gplyhk;.

~~my;yh ;̀tpd; mu;i\j;jhq;fp ,Ug;gth;fs; ghurPf nkhopiag; NgRfpdwdu;.

my;yh ;̀ t`p mUSk; NghJ nkd;ikahd tplaq;fis ghurPf nkhopapYk;

fbdkhd tplaq;fis muG nkhopapYk; mUSfpwhd;||(ngha;ahd `jP];)

mugpfs; ,jid vjph;j;J gpd;tUk; ngha;ahd ̀ jPi] mwptpj;jdu;. ~~muG

Rtu;;f;fj;jpd; nkhop> my;yh`;tplk; kpfTk; ntWg;Gf;Fupa nkhop ghurPf

nkhop|| (ngha;ahd `jP];)

! gpuNjr mbg;gilapy; ntwpgpbj;jth;fs; ,l;Lf;fl;batw;Wf;fhfg; gpd;tUk;

ngha;ahd `jPi]f; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

~~kf;fh kjPdh> igJy; Kfj;j];> jpkp\;f; (lk];f];) Mfpa ehd;F efuq;fSk;

,t;Tyfj;jpd; Rth;f;f efuq;fshFk;.|| (ngha;ahd `jP];)

! ,khk; mg+`dPgh (u`;) mth;fis Mjupj;j xUth; mtUf;Fr; rhjfkhfg;

gpd;tUk; ngha;ahd `jPi] mwptpj;jhu;.

~~vdJ ck;kj;jpy; mg+`dPgh ,g;D E/khd; vd xUtu;; Njhd;Wthu;. mtu;

r%fj;jpd; xsp tpsf;fhthu;.|| (ngha;ahd `jP];)

! ,khk; \hgp<(u`;) mth;fs; gpugy;ak; miltijf; fz;L kdNtjidg;gl;l

khw;W ,khik Mjupj;j xUtu; $wpdhu;.

“K`k;kj; ,g;D ,j;uP]; vd;w xUtu;; gpw;fhyj;jpy; vdJ r%fj;jpy;

Njhd;Wthu;. mtu;; ,g;yPi]tplTk; NfLnfl;ltuhf ,Ug;ghu;.|| (ngha;ahd

`jP];)

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Nkw;gb eltbf;iffspdhy; K];ypk;fspd; kj;jpapy; gpsTfs; cUthfp mJ>

egp(]y;) mth;fs; kpfTk; fbdkhf cioj;Jf; fl;bnaOg;gpa K];ypk;fsJ

If;fpak;> xw;Wik rNfhjuj;Jtk; vd;gd gbg;gbahf kiwaf;fhuzkhf

mike;Jtpl;lJ.

cgNjrpfSk; fij $Wgth;fSk; ,l;Lf;fl;bait.cgNjrpfSk; fij $Wgth;fSk; ,l;Lf;fl;bait.cgNjrpfSk; fij $Wgth;fSk; ,l;Lf;fl;bait.cgNjrpfSk; fij $Wgth;fSk; ,l;Lf;fl;bait.cgNjrpfSk; fij $Wgth;fSk; ,l;Lf;fl;bait.

! cgNjrpfs;> fij $Wgth;fs; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; jhk; nry;thf;Fg; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;tjw;fhfTk;> jkJ nrhe;j eyd;fisg; NgZtjw;fhfTk; ngha;ahd

`jP];fis mwptpj;jhh;fs;. ,jw;fhjhukhf ,khk; m`;kj; ,g;D `d;gy;>

,khk; a`;ah ,g;D K<d; Mfpa ,UtUk; jdf;fwptpj;jjhf xU cgNjrp

mt;tpUtuJk; Kd;dpiyapNyNa jdJ cgNjrj;jpy; mwptpj;j gpd;tUk;

ngha;ahd `jPi]f; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

~~ahu;; yh,yh` ,y;yy;yh`; vd;W nkhopfpd;whNuh mjd; xt;nthU

nrhy;Yf;Fk; my;yh`; xt;nthU gwitiar; rpU\;bf;fpd;whd;.

mg;gwitapd; nrhz;L jq;fj;jpdhYk; ,wf;if etuj;jpdq;fspdhYk;

Mf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.|| (ngha;ahd `jP];)

! fij $Wgth;fs; ,l;Lf;fl;bajw;Fg; gpd;tUk; ngha;ahd `jPi]

Fwpg;gplyhk;.

~~Eh ;̀ egpapd; fg;gy; J}ghd; nts;sj;jpy; kpje;J f/gJy;yh ;̀it VOKiw

tyk;te;J xUKiw ]{[_J nra;jJ.|| (ngha;ahd `jP];)

Nkw;gb ngha;ahd `jP];fspdhy; ghku kf;fs; ,];yhj;ijj; jtwhfg;

Gupe;J nfhs;sf;$ba xU #o;epiy cUthfpaJ. ,];yhj;ij jtwhf

tpsf;F fpd;wtu;fSf;F ,lk; fpilf;ff;$ba xU #o;epiyAk; cUthfpaJ.

,it ,];yhj;jpd; tsu;;r;rpf;Fj; jilahf mike;jd.

gpf ;`pYk; ,y;Ky; fyhkpYk; fUj;J NtWghL nfhz;ltu;fs;g pf ;`pYk; ,y;Ky; fyhkpYk; fUj;J NtWghL nfhz;ltu;fs;g pf ;`pYk; ,y;Ky; fyhkpYk; fUj;J NtWghL nfhz;ltu;fs;g pf ;`pYk; ,y;Ky; fyhkpYk; fUj;J NtWghL nfhz;ltu;fs;g pf ;`pYk; ,y;Ky; fyhkpYk; fUj;J NtWghL nfhz;ltu;fs;

,l;Lf;fl;bait.,l;Lf;fl;bait.,l;Lf;fl;bait.,l;Lf;fl;bait.,l;Lf;fl;bait.

! gpf;`;> ,y;Ky; fyhk; Nghd;w Jiwfspy; fUj;J NtWghL nfhz;lth;fs;

jkf;Fr; rhh;ghfTk;> vjph;jug;Gilath;fis Kwpabf;Fk; tifapYk; ngha;ahd

`jP];fis mwptpj;jhh;fs;. ,jw;F cjhuzkhf gpd;tUk; ngha;ahd ̀ jPi]f;

Fwpg;gplyhk;.

~~vtu; njhOifapy; jkJ ,U fuq;fisAk; cah;j;Jfpd;whNuh mtuJ

njhOif Kwpe;Jtpl;lJ.|| (ngha;ahd ̀ jP];) ,J ̀ dgp kj;̀ igr; rhu;e;j

xUtu; mLj;j kj;`ig rhu;e;jtu;fSf;F vjpuhf ,l;Lf;fl;ba ngha;ahd

`jP]; MFk;.

~~vtu; my;Fu;Md; gilf;fg;gl;lJ vd;W $WfpwhNuh mtu;; fhgpuhfptpl;lhu;.||

(ngha;ahd `jP];)

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khu;f;fj;jpy; mwpahikAk; ey;yijr; nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;w MirAk;khu;f;fj;jpy; mwpahikAk; ey;yijr; nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;w MirAk;khu;f;fj;jpy; mwpahikAk; ey;yijr; nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;w MirAk;khu;f;fj;jpy; mwpahikAk; ey;yijr; nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;w MirAk;khu;f;fj;jpy; mwpahikAk; ey;yijr; nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;w MirAk;

nfhz;ltu;;fs; ,l;Lf;fl;bait.nfhz;ltu;;fs; ,l;Lf;fl;bait.nfhz;ltu;;fs; ,l;Lf;fl;bait.nfhz;ltu;;fs; ,l;Lf;fl;bait.nfhz;ltu;;fs; ,l;Lf;fl;bait.

! tuyhw;wpy; murpay; uPjpahfTk;> ,af;fuPjpahfTk;> nfhs;iffspd;

mbg;gilapYk; gpupe;jth;fis ey;ypzf;fg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fj;jpYk;> ehk;

rhh;e;jpUf;fpd;w tplaq;fspy; <LgLj;Jk; Nehf;fj;jpYk; ngha;ahd ̀ jP];fis

,l;Lf;fl;bdhh;fs;. ,t;thW ,l;Lf;fl;b fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lth;fsplk; ,J gw;wp

tpdtpaNghJ ~~ehq;fs; w]_Yf;F rhu;ghf ,l;;Lf;fl;bNdhk;|| vd rkhjhdk;

$wpdhu;fs;. mJkhj;jpukd;wp K];ypk;fs; my;Fh;Midg; Gwf;fzpj;J tpl;L

,khk;fsJ rl;ltpsf;fq;fspYk; tuyhw;Wj; JiwfspYk; jkJ ftdj;ijr;

nrYj;Jtjpy; ,Ue;J mtu;fis tpLj;J my;Fh;Md; gf;fk; jpUk;gp tpLtjw;fhf

,t;thW Gide;Jiuj;jjhfTk; fUj;Jj; njuptpj;jhh;fs;. Fyhk; fyPy; vd;w

xUtd; jpf;upd; rpwg;igg; gw;wpg; ngha;ahd ̀ jP];fis mwptpj;jhd;. kf;fspd;

cs;sq;fis nefpor; nra;J ed;ikapd; ghy; mth;fisj; J}z;Ltjw;fhf

,t;thW nra;jjhfj; njuptpj;jhd;.

Ml ; r pa hsh ; fsJk ; nry ;te ; j h ; fsJk ; eyd ; NjLtjw ; f hfMl ; r pahsh ; fsJk ; nry ;te ; j h ; fsJk ; eyd ; NjLtjw ; f hfMl ; r pahsh ; fsJk ; nry ;te ; j h ; fsJk ; eyd ; NjLtjw ; f hfMl ; r pahsh ; fsJk ; nry ;te ; j h ; fsJk ; eyd ; NjLtjw ; f hfMl ; r pahsh ; fsJk ; nry ;te ; j h ; fsJk ; eyd ; NjLtjw ; f hf

,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;lit.,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;lit.,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;lit.,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;lit.,l;Lf;fl;lg;gl;lit.

! xUrpyh; jkJ tho;f;ifia flj;Jtjw;fhf ngha;ahd `jP];fis

mwptpj;Js;sijf; fz;L nfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ. ,jw;F Mjhuhkhf gpd;tUk;

rk;gtj;ijf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

~~mg;gh]pa fyPgh k`;jpaplk; VjhtJ ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w

Nehf;fj;jpy; ,ah]; ,g;D ,g;uh`pk; vd;gtd; muz;kidf;F te;jhd;.

fyPgh Gwhf;fSld; tpisahbf; nfhz;L ,Ug;gijf; fz;l mtd; ,tuJ

,t;tpisahl;L ,];yhj;jpy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd cWjpg;gLj;j

cz;ikahd `jP]hd “mk;igAk;> FjpiuiaAk;> xl;lfj;ijAk; jtpu

NtW vjidAk; Nghl;bf;F tpLtJ $lhJ” (my;`jP];) gwitfisAk;

vDk; nrhy;iyAk; ,jDld; Nrh;j;Jf; $wpdhd;. ,tu; ciuj;jJ ngha;ahdJ

vd fyPgh mwpe;Jk; $l mtUf;Fr; rd;khdk; toq;fp mDg;gpitj;jhh;.

mtd; ngha;Aiuf;f Gwhf;fs; fhuzkhf ,Ue;jd vdf; fUjp Gwhf;fis

mWj;JtpLkhW fl;lisapl;lhu;.

tpsk;guj;jpw;fhf mwptpf;fg;gl;lit.tpsk;guj;jpw;fhf mwptpf;fg;gl;lit.tpsk;guj;jpw;fhf mwptpf;fg;gl;lit.tpsk;guj;jpw;fhf mwptpf;fg;gl;lit.tpsk;guj;jpw;fhf mwptpf;fg;gl;lit.

! xUrpy tpahghupfs; jkJ tpahghug; nghUl;fis tpsk;gug;gLj;jpf;

nfhs;tjw;fhfg; ngha;ahd `jP];fis mwptpj;jhh;fs;. kuf;fwp tpahghup

xUtu; mwptpj;j gpd;tUk; ngha;ahd `jPi] ,jw;F Mjhukhff;

Fwpg;gplyhk;.

“vtd; fj;jupf;fha; rhg;gpLfpd;whNdh> mtd; Rth;f;fk; Eiothd;”;

(ngha;ahd `jP];)

]{d;dhtpd; J}a;ikiag;ghJfhf;f Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l eltbf;iffs;.]{d;dhtpd; J}a;ikiag;ghJfhf;f Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l eltbf;iffs;.]{d;dhtpd; J}a;ikiag;ghJfhf;f Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l eltbf;iffs;.]{d;dhtpd; J}a;ikiag;ghJfhf;f Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l eltbf;iffs;.]{d;dhtpd; J}a;ikiag;ghJfhf;f Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l eltbf;iffs;.

! jgcj;jhgp<d;fs; fhyj;J K`j;jp]Pd;fs; `jP]pd; J}a;ikiaAk;> mjd;

ek;gfj; jd;ikiaAk; Ngzpf;nfhs;tjw;fhfTk;> cz;ikf;F Kuzhd

`jP];fis ,dq;fz;L nfhs;tjw;fhfTk; gpd;tUk; jpwdha;Tf;fiyfis

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Nkw;nfhz;lhu;fs;.

1. m];khch; up[hy;

2. ,y;Ky; [u`; tj;j/jPy;

3. c]_Yy; `jP];

1. m];khch; up[hy;1. m];khch; up[hy;1. m];khch; up[hy;1. m];khch; up[hy;1. m];khch; up[hy;

xU ̀ jP]pd; ,];dhj; gw;wp Muha;fpd;w fiyNa m];khch;up[hy; vdf;Fwpg;

gplg;gLfpd;wJ. “ kdpjh;fsJ ngah;fs;”; vd;w nkhopf;fUj;jpid ,g;gjk;

nfhLj;jhYk; `jP];Jiwapy; mJ gpd;tUk; fUj;jpidNa nfhLf;fpwJ.

“egp K`k;kj; (]y;) mth;fsplkpUe;J ̀ jP];fs; midj;Jk; ntspahfpaJ

Kjy; mit ngwg;gl;L mwptpf;fg;gl;L> xd;Wjpul;lg;gl;L njhFg;ghrpupaupdhy;

njhFj;njOjg;gLk; tiu ahu; ahnuy;yhk; mjpy; rk;ge;jg;gl;lhh;fNsh

mth;fs; midtuJ tuyhWfisAk; Fwpf;fpd;w xU fiyahf ,J cs;sJ.

m];khch; up[hy; %yk; `jP];fis mwptpj;jth;fsJ KOikahd

jfty;fis ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf;$bajhf ,Ug;gjdhy; xU ̀ jP]; njhlh;ghf

,WjpahdnjhU jPh;khdj; jpw;F tu mJ cjTfpwJ.||

cjhuzk; 1:

xU ]djpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;L ,Uf;fpd;w Xu; mwptpg;ghsh; m];khch; up[hypy;

mlq;fhjtuhf ,Ue;jhy; ,];dhjpy; xU KwpT Vw;gl;L ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;w

jPh;khdj;jpw;F te;J Fwpj;j `jPi] epuhfupf;fg;gl Ntz;ba `jP]pd;

gl;baypy; Nru;;j;Jtpl Kbfpd;wJ.

cjhuzk; 2:

]djpy; mlq;Ffpd;w ,U mwptpg;ghsh;fSf;fpilapy; Vw;gLfpd;w

tuyhw;W uPjpapyhd Kuz;ghl;il ,f;fiy ntspg;gLj;jf;$bajhf

,Ug;gjhy; `jP]pd; ,Wjpahd epiy gw;wpj; jPh;khdpf;f m];khch; up[hy;

cjTtijAk; Fwpg;gplyhk;. ,t;thW mwptpg;ghsh; tupirapy;

Vw;gLfpd;w Fiwfis Kuz;ghLfis m];khcu; up[hy; ,dq;fhl;b xU

`jP]pd; ek;gfj;jd;ikiaAk; J}a;ikiaAk; cWjpnra;J nfhs;s

cjTfpd;wJ.

2 .2 .2 .2 .2 . ,y;Ky; [u`; tj;j/jPy,y;Ky; [u`; tj;j/jPy,y;Ky; [u`; tj;j/jPy,y;Ky; [u`; tj;j/jPy,y;Ky; [u`; tj;j/jPy;

xU ̀ jP]pd; kj;d; gw;wpAk;> ]dj; gw;wpAk; Muha;fpd;w fiyfSs; ,y;Ky;

[u`; tj;j/jPYk; xd;whFk; ,j;Jiwapy; Muha;r;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;l

`jP];fiy ty;Ydh;fs; gpd;tUk; mbg;gilfspy; mikAkhdhy; mt;thwhd

`jP];fis epuhfupf;ff;$ba ̀ jP]pd; tiffspy;; Nrh;j;Jf;nfhs;s KbAnkdf;

fUj;Jj; njuptpj;Js;shh;fs;.

01.mugpfsJ> mjpYk; tpNrlkhf Fiw\pfsJ nkhop tof;fpw;F khw;wkhf

my;yJ jho;e;j muG nkhopeilapy; tUgit.

02. egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ nkhopg; gpuNahfj;jpw;F my;yJ nkhopg; Nghf;fpw;F

khw;wkhf tUgit.

03.mwptpay;> xOf;ftpay; Nfhl;ghLfSf;Fk; Gyd; czh;TfSf;Fk; KuzhfTk;>

,r;irapd;ghy; J}z;Lk; tpjj;jpYk; kUj;Jt tuyhw;W cz;ikfSf;F

KuzhfTk; tUgit.

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04.my;Fh;Mdpd; njspthd fUj;Jf;fSf;F vt;tpjj;jpYk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s

KbahjthW Kuzhf tUgit.

05. egp (]y;) mth;fsJ fhyj;jpy; ele;j tuyhw;Wr; rk;gtq;fSf;F Kuzhf

tUgit.

cjhuzk;: fjPu;Fk; vd;w ,lj;jpy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; myp (uop) gw;wp

$wpa nks*thd `jP];;

06.`jPi] mwptpf;Fk; mwptpg;ghsh;fspd; nfhs;iff;Fr; rhh;ghdjhf ,Uj;jy;.

cjhuzk; : \Pahf;fspy; uhgpopfs; $wpa m ;̀Yy; igj;Jf;fisg; gw;wpait.

07.xU rpwpa nraYf;Fg; ngupa ed;ikiaAk;> Xu; mw;g tplaj;jpw;Ff; fLikahd

jz;lidiaAk; toq;Ftjhf kpifg;gLj;jpf; $wg;gl;lit.

08. vy;NyhUf;Fk; nghJthd xU tplak; xUtupdhy; khj;jpuk; mwptpf;fg;gl;L

,Ug;git.

! ,t;thW K`j;jp]Pd;fs; kj;dpy; ,lk;ngwf;$ba cz;ikf;F Kuzhdtw;iw

,dq;fz;L nfhs;Sk; topKiwfis mwpKfg;gLj;jpr; nrd;whh;;fs;. ,jdhy;

jukhd> J}a;ikahd ̀ jP];fis K];ypk; r%fj;jpdu;; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf;$ba

tha;g;Gf; fpilj;jJ.

3. c]_Yy; `jP];3. c]_Yy; `jP];3. c]_Yy; `jP];3. c]_Yy; `jP];3. c]_Yy; `jP];

! jgcj;jhgp<d;fs; fhyj;jpy; ̀ jP]pd; J}a;ikiag; NgZtjw;fhf mf;fhyj;J

mwpQh;fshy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l kw;nwhU ghJfhg;Gf; fiyahf miktJ

c]_Yy; `jP]hFk;. `jP]pd; mbg;gil gw;wp Muha;fpd;w fiyahf

,jidf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. ,f;fiyapy; uhtp- mwptpg;ghsh;> K`j;jp];- `jP];

fiy mwpQH;> jhypGy; ̀ jP];- ̀ jPi] fw;Nghh;fs; Nghd;NwhuJ jifikfs;

mbg;gilfs; gw;wp vLj;Jf; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. c]_Yy; ̀ jP]; $Wfpd;w

epge;jidfSf;F> tiuaiwfSf;F Kuzhfpd;w tifapy; cs;s ve;j

`jP]{k; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; $ba tiffspDs; mlq;fkhl;lhJ. MfNt

,f;fiyAk; mwptpg;ghsu;fis Ak;> K`j;jp]Pd;fisAk; ̀ jPi]f; fw;fpd;w

khzth;fisAk; rupahd Kiwapy; ,dq;fhl;b J}a;ikahd `jP];fisg;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf;$ba re;jh;g;gq;fis K];ypk; ck;kj;jpdUf;F jUfpd;wJ.

! jpwdha;Tf; fiyfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ljd; tpisthf `jP];fs; gpd;tUk;

mbg;gilapy; tifg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.

1. Kjthjpuhd `jP];

2. M`hjhd `jP];

Kj;jthjpu;Kj;jthjpu;Kj;jthjpu;Kj;jthjpu;Kj;jthjpu;

! Kj;jthjpuhd `jP]; vd;gJ “ xU tplaj;jpy; mth;fs; ngha;Aiuj;jy;

rhj;jpa khfhJ vd;W Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba xt;nthU tFg;gpYk; mjpfkhd

vz;zpf;ifAila mwptpg;ghsh;fshy; mwptpf;fg;gLk; ̀ jP]; MFk;”. ]djpd;

Muk;gj;jpypUe;J ,Wjptiu ,t;tpjp Ngzg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thwhd ̀ jP];

K];ypk; mwpQu;fshy; kpf cWjpahd Mjhug+h;tkhd `jP]hff;

Fwpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

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my; - M`hj;my; - M`hj;my; - M`hj;my; - M`hj;my; - M`hj;

! my; - M`hj; vd;w muGg; gjk; m`j; my;yJ th`pj; vd;w muGg;

gjj;jpd; gd;ikr; nrhy;yhFk;. nkhopf; fUj;jpy; xUtu; vd;w fUj;ijf;

nfhs;syhk;. ̀ jP]pd; mbg;gilapy; Kj;jthjpUila epge;jidfis my;yJ

Kjthjpuhd ̀ jP]pd; ]djpy; mlq;Ffpd;w mwptpg;ghsh;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia

vt;tifapYk; milahj ̀ jP];fis ,J Fwpf;Fk;. xU ̀ jP]; M`hjhdJ

vd ep&gpf;fg; gl;lhy; c]_Yy; `jP]pd; rl;l tpjpfspd;gb Ma;T

nra;ag;gl;l gpd;dNu mjid Vw;gjh kWg;gjh vd;w jPh;khdk; ngwg;gLk;.

M`hjhd `jP];fs; gycg gpupTfshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mit

gpd;tUkhW.

m) mwptpg;ghsh; tupirfspd; (]dj;fs;) vz;zpf;ifiag; nghWj;J gpd;tUk;

%d;W gpupTfshfg;gpupj;J Nehf;Ftu;.

1. my; k\;̀ _h;

2. my; m]P];

3. my; fuPg;

! M`hjhd `jP];fis Xh; ,];dhj; nrd;wilAk; Kbtplj;ij fUj;jpw;

nfhz;L %d;whf tifg;gLj;jyhk;.

1. ku;g+/ : ,];dhj; Kbtw;Wj; njhlh;r;rpahf egp(]y;) mtu;fs; t i u

nrd;W ,izAk; `jP];

2. kt;$g; : xU `jP]pd; ,];dhj; ]`hgp tiu kl;Lk; njhlh;e;J

nry;Yjy;

3. kf;J}/ : xU `jP]; jhgp< tiu nrd;W mtNuhL epd;WtpLjy;.

! M`hjhd `jP];fs; ,];dhjpy; Vw;gLk; KwpTfspd; mbg;gilapYk; gy

tiffSf;F cl;gLk;.

1. Kh;]y; : xU `jP]pd; njhlupy; ]`hgpia tpl;Ltpl;L xU jhgp<

Neubahf egp (]y;;;;;) mth;fsplkpUe;J mwptpf;Fk; `jP];

2. Kmy;yf; : xU ,];dhjpd; Muk;gj;jpy; xd;W my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l

mwptpg;ghsh;fs; tpLgLjy;

3. Kd;fjp/ : xU ,];dhjpd; kj;jpapy; Xu; mwptpg;ghsh; tpLgl;bUj;jy;.

4. K/jy; : xU ,];dhjpy;; njhlh;r;rpahf ,uz;L mwptpg;ghsh;fs; xU

,lj;jpNyh mjw;F Nkw;gl;l ,lq;fspNyh tpLgl;L ,Uj;jy;.

! M`hjhd ̀ jP];fisj; jug;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk; tplaj;jpy; ,uz;L Kf;fpa

mk;rq;fs; fUj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gLk;.

1. mwptpg;ghsu; xOf;f newpAs;stuhf ,Uj;jy;

2. mwptpg;G rupahdJk;> EZf;fkhdJkhf ,Uj;jy;.

,t;tpuz;L gz;GfSk; ,ize;J fhzg;gLk; xUth; ̀ jP]; mwptpg;ghsh;fspy;

ek;gpf;ifahdth; vd miof;fg;gLthh;. ,th;fsJ mwptpg;Gf;fs; nghJthf

K`j;jp]Pd;fshy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

! M`hjhd ̀ jP];fs; ,t;thwhd jpwdha;Tf;Fk;> jug;gLj;jYf;Fk; cl;gLj;jg;

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gl;ljd; tpisthf mit ,uz;L juq;fshf tifg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.

1. my; kf;g+y; - Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;glf;$ba `jP];

2. my; ku;J}j; - epuhfupf;fg;glf;$ba `jP];

! kf;g+yhd ̀ jP]kf;g+yhd ̀ jP]kf;g+yhd ̀ jP]kf;g+yhd ̀ jP]kf;g+yhd ̀ jP]; vd;gJ nrhy;yg;gl;l xUtupd; ek;gfj;jd;ik tskhdjhf

mikfpd;w ̀ jP]; tifiaf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ. vdNtjhd; ,it Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;

glf;$ba tifiar; rhh;e;jjhf mikfpwJ. ,it ek;gfukhditahfTk;>

Mjhug+h ;tkhf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;glf;$badthfTk;> Vw;W mky;

nra;af;$batd thfTk;> khu;f;fj;jpd; my;yJ \uPmj;jpd; vy;yhj;

JiwfspYk; gpwUf;Fk; Vtf;$badthfTk; mikfpd;wd.

! ku;J}jhd `jP];ku;J}jhd `jP];ku;J}jhd `jP];ku;J}jhd `jP];ku;J}jhd `jP]; ku;J}jhd ̀ jP]; vd;gJ nrhy;yg;gl;l nra;jpapd; ek;gfj;

jd;ik tYf;Fd;wpajhf mike;j ̀ jP]; tifiaf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ. ,t;thwhd

`jPi]g; nghWj;jtiu mtw;iw Mjhukhf Vw;fNth> mjdbg;gilapy;

mky; nra;aNth my;yJ nrayhw;wNth> gpwUf;F mtw;iw VtNth KbahJ.

MapDk; ,t;thwhd `jP];fspy; rpy tiffis epge;jidfSld; Vw;Wf;

nfhs;s KbAnkd `jP];fiy ty;Ydh;fs; rpyu; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;fs;.

! kf;g+yhd ̀ jP]py;> me;j ̀ jP]pd; juhjuq;fisg; nghWj;J ,U gpupTfshf

tifg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

1. m]; - ] P̀̀ ;

2. my; - `]d;

m]; - ]`P`; (rupahdit> Mjhug+h;tkhdit)m]; - ]`P`; (rupahdit> Mjhug+h;tkhdit)m]; - ]`P`; (rupahdit> Mjhug+h;tkhdit)m]; - ]`P`; (rupahdit> Mjhug+h;tkhdit)m]; - ]`P`; (rupahdit> Mjhug+h;tkhdit)

! M`hjhd `jP]pd; tifapy; juj;jpYk;> gyj;jpYk;> ek;gfj;jd;ikapYk;

$ba `jP]; m];-]`P`hd `jP]hFk;.

“ePjpAk;> Neh;ikAk;> cz;ikAKs;s> kddrf;jp my;yJ vOj;jhw;wy; cs;s

mwptpg;ghsu;fspdhy;> Muk;gKjy; ,Wjptiu mwptpg;ghsu; njhlu;Gglhky;

mwptpf;fg;gl;l> Mjhug+h;tkhd `jP];fSf;F Kuzpy ;yhj tifa py ;

mike;j> `jP]pd; fUj;J Fiwfhzg;gLk; t pjj ; j py ; mikahj

`jPi]Na ,J Fwpf;fpd;wJ.”

my;-`]d;my;-`]d;my;-`]d;my;-`]d;my;-`]d;

! M`hjhd `jP]; tifapy; ]`P`{f;F mLj;jjhf miktJ `]dhd

`jP];fshFk;.

“xU `jP]; ]`P`hdjhf ,Ug;gjw;Fj; Njitahd epge;jidfs;

cs;slf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;w ‘my;-og;j;’ vDk; Ngzpg;ghJfhf;Fk; jpwd;

,yFthdjhf mikfpd;w mwptpg;ghsh;fspdhy; mwptpf;fg;gLk; ̀ jP];”`]d;

vdg;gLfpwJ.

! epuhfupf;fg;gl;l `jP];epuhfupf;fg;gl;l `jP];epuhfupf;fg;gl;l `jP];epuhfupf;fg;gl;l `jP];epuhfupf;fg;gl;l `jP];

kf;g+yhd my;yJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;glf;$ba `jP];fspd; epajpfspy; Vjht

njhd;iwNaDk; ,of;Fk; ̀ jP];fSk;> epuhfupf;fg;glf;$ba ̀ jP];fspNyNa

mlq;Fk;. ,t;thW epuhfupf;fg;gLtjw;F mbg;gilahd %d;W fhuzq;fisf;

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Fwpg;gplyhk;.

1. mwptpg;ghsupd; FiwghL

2. ,];dhjpy; Vw;gLk; KwpT

3. re;jh;g;gtrkhd fhuzq;fspdhy; Vw;gLk; gytPdk;

! mwptpg;ghsh;fspd; FiwghLmwptpg;ghsh;fspd; FiwghLmwptpg;ghsh;fspd; FiwghLmwptpg;ghsh;fspd; FiwghLmwptpg;ghsh;fspd; FiwghL

mwptpg;ghsh;fspd; FiwghL uhtpfs; jug;gLj;jypd; mbg;gilapNyNa

jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk;.

epuhfupf;fg;glf;$ba `jP]; tifapy; s<ghd my;yJ gytPdkhd

`jP]pd; gpuNahfk; gw;wp `jP];fiy ty;Ydh;fs; gy;NtW fUj;Jf;fis

Kd;itj;Js; shu;fs;. my;yh`;tpd; gz;Gfs;> rl;lk;> ek;gpf;if

njhlu;;ghd tplaq;fs; jtpu;e;j cgNjrq;fs;> fijfs;> ed;ik jPikNahL

njhlh;ghd tplaq;fspy; gad;gLj;JtJ MFk; vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;fs;.

vdpDk; gpd;tUk; epge;jidf; fikaNt mt;thwhd ̀ jP];fisg; gpuNahfpf;f

Ntz;Lk; vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;fs;.

1. Fwpg;gpl;;;l `jP]; kpfg;gytPdkhdjhf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ.

2. Fwpg;gpl;l ̀ jP]; $Wk; tplak; mbg;gilapy; Mjhug+h;tkhd xU tplakhf

,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

3. Fwpg;gpl;l `jPi]f; nfhz;L nraw;gLk; NghJ Mjhug+h;tkhd `jPi]f;

nfhz;Ljhd; mky; nra;fpNwhk; vd;W ek;gf; $lhJ.

! ed;ik nra;aj; J}z;bAk; jPikia tpl;L vr;rupj;Jk; mwptpf;fg;gLk; ̀ jP];

fspYk; $l xU Kf;fpakhd tplaj;ijf; ftdpf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. my;yh ;̀

tplj;jpy; ,it ,uz;bw;Fk; ngWkhdk; cz;L. mtw;iwf; $l;bNah Fiwj;Njh

$w KbahJ.

! nray;fspd; rpwg;ig vLj;Jf;$wyhNk jtpu Gjpjhf xd;iw cUthf;f

KbahJ. ed;ik nra;aj; J}z;bAk;> jPikia vr;rupj;Jk; tUfpd;w

`jP];fshf ,Ue;jhYk; mtw;iw mwptpg;gjhapd; Nkw;Fwpj;j %d;W

epge;jidfNshL gpd;tUk; ,uz;L epge;jidfisAk; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;s

Ntz;Lk;.

1. Fwpg;gpl;l `jP]; gFj;jwpthNyh> ,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gilfSf;F cl;gl;l

tifapNyh> nkhopuPjpahfNth Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Kbahj tpjj;jpy; kpifg;gLj;

jiyf; nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;ff;$lhJ.

2. Fwpg;gpl;l `jPi]tpl juj;jpy; $ba gykhd Mjhuk; xd;wpw;F Kuzhf

,Uf;ff; $lhJ.

gpujhd `jP]; njhFg;G E}y;fSk; Mrpupah;fSk;gpujhd `jP]; njhFg;G E}y;fSk; Mrpupah;fSk;gpujhd `jP]; njhFg;G E}y;fSk; Mrpupah;fSk;gpujhd `jP]; njhFg;G E}y;fSk; Mrpupah;fSk;gpujhd `jP]; njhFg;G E}y;fSk; Mrpupah;fSk;

i) ]`P`{y; Gfhup -]`P`{y; Gfhup -]`P`{y; Gfhup -]`P`{y; Gfhup -]`P`{y; Gfhup -

,jd; Mrpupau; ,khk; K`k;kj; ,g;D ,];kh<y; my; Gfhup (u`;) mtu;fs;

p̀[;up 194 ,y; Gfhuh vd;w gpuNjrj;jpy; gpwe;jhu;fs;. rpWtajpNyNa je;ijia

,oe;j mth;fs; jhAld; ̀ [;[{f;F nrd;W fw;gjw;fhf mq;Nf jq;fpdhu;fs;.

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! mwpTj;jpwd;> epidthw;wy; cs;stuhf ,Ue;jhu;.

! Muk;gj;jpy; gpf;`; Jiwiaf; fw;w ,tu; gpd;du;; `jP];Jiwapy; <LghL

nfhz;lhu;.

! 1080 Mrpupah;fsplk; `jP];fisf; fw;w ,tuJ Kf;fpakhd Mrpupah;fshf

,];̀ hf; ,g;D uhìt ;̀> myp ,g;D kjPdp> Fijgh ,g;D ]<j;> m ;̀kj;

,g;D `d;gy; MfpNahu; tpsq;Ffpd;whu;fs;.

! `p[h];> $gh> g]uh> Fuh]hd; gpuNjrq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W `jP];fisj;

jpul;bdhu;fs;.

! mjpf epidthw;wy; cs;s ,tu;; gy ,yl;rk; ̀ jP];fisj; jpul;b mtw;iwj;

juk; gpupj;Jg; 16 tUlfhy Kaw;rpapd; gpd;dh; ]`P`; Gfhupiaj; njhFj;J

toq;fpdhh;fs;.

! mtuplk; Rkhh; 90 000 khzth;fs; fw;wpUf;fpwhh;fs; mth;fSs; ,khk;

jpu;kpjp> ,khk; e]h<> ,khk; K];ypk;> ,g;D Fi]kh> K`k;;kj; ,g;D

e];u; Nghd;Nwhu; Kf;fpakhdtu;fshtu;.

! cz;ik> nghWik> ,uf;fk;>jahsk;> jh;kk;> tzf;fk; Kjypa ew;Fzq;fisf;

nfhz;ltuhf ,Ue;jhh;. `p[;up 256 ,y; Fh;jq; (khartamk) vDk; ,lj;jpy;

tghj;jhdhh;fs;.

! ]`P`{y; Gfhupia vOJtjw;F ,khkth;fs; Rkhh; 6 ,yl;rk; ̀ jP];fis

Nrfupj;jhu;fs;. mtw;Ws; gj;jhapuk; ̀ jP];fisj; Njh;e;njLj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;fs;.

mtw;wpy; 7275 ̀ jP];fis tbj;njLj;J ] P̀̀ {y; Gfhupiaj; njhFj;jhu;fs;.

! ,t;thwhd ]`P`hd `jP]; fpue;jk; xd;iwj; njhFg;gjw;F mtuJ

Mrpupauhd ,khk; ,];`hf; ,g;D uhìt`; vd;gtNu fhuzkhfpd;whu;.

! kpfj;J}a;ikahd Kiwapy; Fspj;J> TO nra;J ,uz;L uf;mj;

njhOjjd; gpd;dNu xt;nthU `jPi]Ak; mtu; gjpT nra;Js;shu;.

! ] P̀̀ {y; Gfhup my;Fh;;MDf;F mLj;j juj;jpy; itj;Jf; fzpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

! mjpy; 97 ngupa jiyg;Gfs; cs;sd. (fpjhg;) mit xt;nthd;Wk; gy

rpwpa jiyg;Gfshfg; (ghGd;) gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

! njhFf;fg;gl;l E}iy jdJ Mrpupah;fshd m`;kj; ,g;D ̀ d;gy;> a`;ah

,g;D K<d; Nghd;Nwhuplk;; fhl;b mDkjpiaAk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhu;fs;.

! ]`P`{y; Gfhupf;F gy;NtW tpsf;f E}y;fSk; vOjg;gl;Ls;sd.

,u;\hJ\;\hup> gj;`{y; ghup vd;gd mtw;Ws; Kf;fpakhdit.

! ,khk; mtu;fsJ ,ju E}y;fspy; mj;jhupFy; fgPh; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

ii) ]`P`; K];ypk;]`P`; K];ypk;]`P`; K];ypk;]`P`; K];ypk;]`P`; K];ypk;

! ,jd; Mrpupau; ,khk; K];ypk; ,g;D `[;[h[;. mtu; `p[;up 204,y;

ie]hg+upy; gpwe;jhu;.

! Muk;gf;fy;tpia ie]hg+upy; ngw;w mtu; cau;fy;tpf;fhfTk;> ̀ jP];fisj;

jpul;bf; nfhs;tjw;fhfTk; gy ehLfSf;Fk; gpuahzk; nra;jhu;fs;.

! ,];`hf; ,g;D uhìt`;> K`k;kj; ,g;D a`;ah> m`;kj; ,g;D

`d;gy;> ,khk; Gfhup Nghd;w jiyrpwe;j Mrpupah;fsplk; fw;;whu;.

! jhk; jpul;ba `jP];fs; midj;ijAk; kddkpl;bUe;j ,khk; K];ypk;

mjpf epidthw;wy; kpf;f ehy;tupy; xUtu; vdg; ghuhl;lg;gLfpd;whu;.

! gf;jhjpYk;> ie]hg+upYk; ; `jP];fisf; fw;Wf;nfhLj;j ,tUf;F

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Mapuf;fzf;fhd khztu;fs; ,Ue;jhh;fs;. mth;fSs; ,khk; jph;kpjp> mg+gf;u;

,g;D Fi]gh Nghd;Nwhu; Kf;fpakhdtu;fshtu;.

! jhk; jpul;ba Rkhu; 3 yl;rk; ̀ jP];fisg; gFg;gha;e;J> mtw;Ws; ehd;fhapuk;

`jP];fisj; njupe;njLj;J ]`P`; K];ypikj; njhFj;jhu;fs;.

! jdJ E}iyj; njhFj;J> gpurpj;jp ngw;w K`j;jp]hd mg+ ]h;M (u`;)

mtu;fsplk; fhl;br; rupnad mDkjp ngw;wjd; gpd;dNu ntspapl;lhu;.

! ,tu; tuyhW> Fh;Md; tpupTiu rhu;e;j Rkhu; 18 E}y;fis vOjpAs;shu;.

! ]`P`_y; K];ypKf;F vOjg;gl;l tpsf;f E}y;fSs; ,khk; ettp (u`;)

mtu;fspd; E}Ny gpurpj;jp ngw;wjhFk;.

! rhe;jk;> jahsk;> nghWik> gzpT Kjyhd ew;Fzq;fisg; ngw;wpUe;j

,khkth;fs; `p[;up 261 ,y; ie]hg+upy; tghj;jhdhu;fs;.

iii) Rdd; mg+jht+j;Rdd; mg+jht+j;Rdd; mg+jht+j;Rdd; mg+jht+j;Rdd; mg+jht+j;

! ,jd; Mrpupau; ,khk; mg+jht+j; ]{iykhd; ,g;D m\;m];; ]p[p];jhdpy;

`p[;up 201 ,y; gpwe;jhu;.

! ie]hg;g+upy; Muk;gf; fy;tpiaf; fw;w ,th; Fuh]hd;> vfpg;J> ]pupah>

`p[h];gpuNjrq;fspy; fy;tp fw;wNjhL `jP];fisAk; jpul;bf; nfhz;lhu;.

! ,tu; ,khk; m`;kj;> a`;ah ,g;D K<d;> ]_iykhd; ,g;D ` h ; g ;

Nghd;w jiyrpwe;j Mrpupau;fsplk; fw;whu;.

! (gpf;`;) rl;lf;fy;tpapYk;> `jP]; JiwapYk; rkkhd Njh;;r;rp ngw;wpUe;j

,tu; g]uhtpy; fw;gpj;J te;jhu;.

! kpFe;j epidthw;wy; cs;stuhf ,Ue;j mtu; jhd; jpul;ba 5 ,yl;rk;

`jP];fis epidtpy; itj;jpUe;jhu;.

! jhd; jpul;ba 5 ,yl;rk; ̀ jP];fspypUe;J 4800 ̀ jP];fisj; Njh;e;njLj;J

`jP]; E}iyj; njhFj;jhu;.

! 20 tUlfhyk; ,e;jKaw;rpapy; <Lgl;lhh;fs;.

! ,khk; mg+jht+j; mth;fspd; fpue;jq;fspy; ]{dd; mg+jht+j; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

! mjid mtu; jdJ Mrpupah; ,khk; m`;kj; ,g;D `d;gyplk; fhl;b

rupghh;j;Jf; nfhz;lhu;fs;.

! gpf;̀ ; mbg;gilapy; itj;J Nehf;fpdhy; ,tuJ fpue;jNk MW jpul;Lf;fspy;

Kjyplj;ijg; ngWk; vd;gJ mwpQh;fsJ fUj;jhFk;.

! ,tuJ khztu;fspy; mg+gf;fu;> Y/Y/ ,g;D m/uhgp> ,khk; jpu;kpjp>

,khk; e]h< Nghd;Nwhu; Kf;fpakhdtu;fshtu;.

! ,iwar;rk;> jpahdk;> ed;wpAzh;T> <if> ew;gz;Gfisf; nfhz;l ,khk;

mtu;fs; `p[;up 275 ,y; g]uhtpy; tghj;jhdhh;fs;.

iv) [hkpcj; jph;kpjp [hkpcj; jph;kpjp [hkpcj; jph;kpjp [hkpcj; jph;kpjp [hkpcj; jph;kpjp

! ,jd; Mrpupauhd mg+ <]h K`k;kj; ,g;D <]h mj;jph;kpjp (u`;) mth;fs;

`p[;up 209 ,y; Fuh]hdpy; cs;s jph;kpj; vDk; ,lj;jpy; gpwe;jhu;.

! Muk;gf; fy;tpia Fuh]hdpy; Nkw;nfhz;l ,tu; $gh> g]uh> th]pj;>

`p[h]; Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fspy; fy;tp fw;wNjhL `jP];fisAk; Nrfupj;J

te;jhu;.

! ,khk; Gfhup> ,khk; K];ypk;> Fijgh ,g;D ]/j;> m`;kj; ,g;D K];dp

MfpNahh; ,khkth;fsJ Mrpupah;fshth;.

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! epidthw;wy; kpf;f ,th; `jP]; fiyNahL jg;]Ph;> gpf;`; JiwfspYk;

rpwe;J tpsq;fpdhu;.

! gy ,yl;rk; `jP];fisj; jpul;bnaLj;j ,khkth;fs; 3956 `jP];fisj;

Njh;e;njLj;J [hkpcj;jph;kpjp E}iy vOjpdhh;fs;.

! ,tuJ Mapuf;fzf;fhd khzth;fSs; K`k;kj; ,g;D m`;kj; k&]p

vd;gth; Kf;fpakhdtuhth;.

! ,e;E}y; gy;NtW rpwg;gk;rq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. `jP];fs;

jpUk;gj;jpUk;g tUtjpy;iy> Gf`hf;fs; ve;j Mjhuq;fisf; nfhz;L

rl;lq;fis tFj;jhh;fs; vd;gJ njspthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ> ̀ jP];fspd; gpupTfs;

njspTgLj ;jg ;gl ;Ls ;sd> mwpt pg ;ghsh ;fs ; gw ;w pa tpsf ;fKk ;

nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ> ,khk;fsJ fUj;J NtWghLfSk; tpgupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

! E}iyj; njhFj;j ,khkth;fs; `p[h];> <uhd;> Fuh]hd; Mfpa khfhz

mwpQH;fSf;F mjid mDg;gpr; rupghh;j;Jf; nfhz;lhh;fs;.

! ,iwar;rKk;> ey;nyhOf;fKk;> gz;G eyd;fSk; epiwe;jtuhf ,Ue;j

,khkth;fs; `p[;up 279 ,y; jph;kpjpy; tghj;jhdhh;fs;.

v) ]_dDd; e]h<]_dDd; e]h<]_dDd; e]h<]_dDd; e]h<]_dDd; e]h<

! ,jd; Mrpupauhd mG+ mg;Ju; u`;khd; m`;kj; ,g;D RIg; me;e]h<

`p[;up 215 ,y; Fuh]hd; khepy e]h< vDk; Cupy; gpwe;jhu;.

! Muk;gj;jpy; ,khk; Fijgh ,g;D ]<j; mth;fsplk; fy;tpfw;w ,khkth;fs;

gpd;dh; <uhd;> <uhf;> ̀ p[h];> ]pupah> vfpg;J Kjyhd ehLfSf;Fr; nrd;W

fw;wNjhL `jP];fisAk; jpul;bf; nfhz;lhu;. mt;Ntis ,];`hf;

,g;D uh`it ;̀> ,khk; mg+jht+j;> <]h ,g;D e];h; Kjyhd mwpQh;fsplKk;

fy;tp fw;whu;.

! epidthw;wy; kpf;ftuhd ,th; ̀ jP]; JiwNahL gpf;`; JiwapYk; <LghL

nfhz;ltuhf ,Ue;jhu;.

! jhk; jpul;ba 5 ,yl;rk; `jP];fspypUe;J ,khk;; e]h< m];]{dDy; fgPh;

me;eh]h< vDk; E}iy Kjypy; njhFj;J vOjpa NghJ xU kd;dupd;

Ntz;LNfhSf;F ,zq;f ]`P`hd `jP];fis khj;jpuk; cs;slf;fpa

]{dDd; e]h<ia vOjpdhu;.

! jkJ ̀ jP]; fpue;jj;ijj; njhFj;j mNj fhyg;gFjpapy;; fw;Wf; nfhLg;gjpYk;

<Lgl;lhu;.

! ,tuJ khzth;fSs; ,khk; jguhzp> ,khk; j`htp MfpNahu;; Kf;fpakhdtu;

fshtu;.

! ,tu; gy];jPdpy; uk;]h vDk; ,lj;jpy; `p[;up 303 ,y; tghj;jhdhu;.

vi) ]{dDd; ,g;D kh[h`; ]{dDd; ,g;D kh[h`; ]{dDd; ,g;D kh[h`; ]{dDd; ,g;D kh[h`; ]{dDd; ,g;D kh[h`;

! ,jd; Mrpupauhd ,khk; mg+ mg;Jy;yh ;̀ K`k;kj; ,g;D a]Pj; my;f];tpd;

`p[;up 209 ,y; <uhdpYs;s f];tpd; vDk; ,lj;jpy; gpwe;jhu;.

! `jP]; jpul;Ljypy; cr;rfl;;lj;ij mile;j fhyg;gFjpapy; gpwe;J tsh;e;jjhy;

,tu; ,j;Jiwapy; mjpf <LghL nfhz;lhu;.

! <uhdpYk; gpd;dh; Fuh]hd;> <uhf;> `p[h];> ]pupah> vfpg;J> g]uh> $gh>

th]pj; Kjyhd gpuNjr efuq;fSf;Fk;; nrd;W `jP]; Jiwapy; <Lgl;L

`jP];fisj; jpul;bf; nfhz;lhu;.

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! ,th;fsJ Mrpupah;fSs; mg+gf;u; ,g;D i\gh> ,khk; ,g;wh`Pk; ,g;D

Kd;]pu; Nghd;Nwhu; Fwpg;gplj;jf;Nfhuhthu;fs;.

! ]{dd; ,g;D kh[h ehw;gjhapuk; ̀ jP];fspypUe;J ehd;fhapuk; ̀ jP];fis

Nju;e;njLj;J 35 fpjhGfSk; 1500 ghGfSk; njhFf;fg;gl;lJ.

! tuyhW> jg;]Pu; JiwapYk; ,tu; E}y;fis vOjpAs;shu;.

! ,khkth;fs; `p[;up 273 ,y; tghj;jhdhu;fs;.

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Nju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rp 4 .04.04.04.04.0 ::::: ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ij tsu;g;gjpy; gq;fhw;wpa,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ij tsu;g;gjpy; gq;fhw;wpa,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ij tsu;g;gjpy; gq;fhw;wpa,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ij tsu;g;gjpy; gq;fhw;wpa,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ij tsu;g;gjpy; gq;fhw;wpa

fiyfisAk;> INuhg;gpa kWkyu;r;rpapy; ,];yhkpafiyfisAk;> INuhg;gpa kWkyu;r;rpapy; ,];yhkpafiyfisAk;> INuhg;gpa kWkyu;r;rpapy; ,];yhkpafiyfisAk;> INuhg;gpa kWkyu;r;rpapy; ,];yhkpafiyfisAk;> INuhg;gpa kWkyu;r;rpapy; ,];yhkpa

ehfupfk; Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fj;ijAk; tpsf;Fthu;.ehfupfk; Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fj;ijAk; tpsf;Fthu;.ehfupfk; Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fj;ijAk; tpsf;Fthu;.ehfupfk; Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fj;ijAk; tpsf;Fthu;.ehfupfk; Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fj;ijAk; tpsf;Fthu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 4 .14.14.14.14.1 ::::: gpf;`_f;fiy tsu;r;rpapy; ,[;jp`hj; nry;thf;Fr;gpf;`_f;fiy tsu;r;rpapy; ,[;jp`hj; nry;thf;Fr;gpf;`_f;fiy tsu;r;rpapy; ,[;jp`hj; nry;thf;Fr;gpf;`_f;fiy tsu;r;rpapy; ,[;jp`hj; nry;thf;Fr;gpf;`_f;fiy tsu;r;rpapy; ,[;jp`hj; nry;thf;Fr;

nrYj;jpa ghq;fpid tpsf;Fthu;.nrYj;jpa ghq;fpid tpsf;Fthu;.nrYj;jpa ghq;fpid tpsf;Fthu;.nrYj;jpa ghq;fpid tpsf;Fthu;.nrYj;jpa ghq;fpid tpsf;Fthu;.



"""""! ,[;jp`hjpd; mbahfj; Njhd;wpa %yhjhuq;fisg;

gl;baw;gLj;Jthu;.

! ,[;jp`hjpd; mbahfj; Njhd;wpa %yhjhuq;fs; gw;wp tpsf;fpf;

$Wthu;.


! my; ,[;jp`hj; vDk; gjk; ~~my; [{`;j;|| (Kaw;rp> rpukk;> mu;g;gzk;

vDk; gjj;jpy; ,Ue;J gpwe;jJ. nkhopuPjpahf ,g;gjk; VNjDk; xU fUkj;jpy;

KOg;gyj;ijAk; gpuNahfpj;J ciog;gijf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ. my; [p`hj;>

mgy; ,[;jp`hj; vDk; gjq;fs; xNu vOj;Jf;fspy; ,Ue;J gpwg;git. my;

[p`hj; vd;gJ MAjj;jhy; ,];yhkpa tho;tpaiyg; ghJfhg;gJ Nghy;

my; ,[;jp`hj; Ma;T> mwpTg; gyj;jhy; ,];yhkpa tho;tpaiyg;

ghJfhf;fpd;wJ.

! tiutpyf;fzk;

mfPjh jtpu;e;j ,];yhkpa \uPMtpd; Vida vy;yhj; JiwfspYk;

my;Fu;MdpNyh> ]{d;dhtpNyh Neubj; jPu;g;G $wg;glhj xU gpur;rpidapy;

jFjptha;e;j xU rl;l mwpQu; jkJ Ma;itAk;> mwpitAk; gad;gLj;jp

jPu;T ngWtijf; Fwpf;Fk; topKiwNa ~~my; ,[;jp`hj;|| vdg;gLfpwJ.

,[;jp`hjpw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;,[;jp`hjpw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;,[;jp`hjpw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;,[;jp`hjpw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;,[;jp`hjpw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;

my;Fu;Md;my;Fu;Md;my;Fu;Md;my;Fu;Md;my;Fu;Md;

~~my;yh`; ckf;F fhl;bj;je;jjd; gpufhuk; kf;fSf;F kj;jpapy;

jPu;g;gspg;gjw;fhf rj;jpaj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;s ,t;Ntjj;ij ehNk ck;kPJ

epr;rakhf ,wf;fp itj;Njhk;. (4:105)

~~NkYk; mikjpNah my;yJ gPjpNah gw;wpa VNjDk; xU nra;jp mtu;fSf;F

te;Jtpl;lhy; clNd mtu;fs; mjid ntspNa gug;gp tpLfpd;wdu;. mt;thW

nra;ahJ mtu;fs; mjid my;yh`;tpd; J}juplNkh mtu;fspy; khu;f;f

mwpTs;s mjpfhuKilatu;fsplNkh njuptpj;jpUe;jhy; mtu;fspy; Ma;e;J

vLg;gtu;fs; mjid ed;F mwpe;J nfhs;thu;fs;. (4:83)

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! Nkw;Fwpj;j trdj;jpy; tUk; ~~a];jd;gpJ}d|| vd;w gjk; rl;l %yhjhuq;fspy;

,Ue;J jPu;;g;Gfis Muha;e;J Njbg; ngWgtu;fisNa Fwpf;fpd;wJ vd;gJ

ngUk;ghyhd mwpQu;fspd; fUj;jhFk;.

! my;Fu;Mdpy; rpe;jidiaAk;> gFj;jwpitAk; gad;gLj;JkhW Ntz;Lfpd;w

mNef trdq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. rpe;jidf;Fk;> Ma;Tf;Fk; ,lkspf;Fk;

gpujhd mk;rkhf ,[;jp`hj; miktjdhy; mtw;iwAk; ,[;jp`hjpw;fhd

Mjhuq;fshff; nfhs;syhk;.

m];]{d;dhm];]{d;dhm];]{d;dhm];]{d;dhm];]{d;dh

! ~~xU ePjpgjp jdJ ,[;jp̀ hijg; gad;gLj;jp vLf;Fk; jPu;T rupahf mike;jhy;

,U ed;ikfSk; jtwhf mikAkhapd; xU ed;ikAk; fpilf;Fk; (Gfhup>

K];ypk;)

! KMj; ,g;D [gy; (uop) mtu;fis nakDf;F ftu;duhf mDg;Gk; NghJ

egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ~~mq;F ck;kplk; xU gpur;rpid te;jhy; vjid

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L jPu;g;gspg;gPu;|| vd;whu;fs;. mjw;ftu; ~~my;yh ;̀tpd;

Ntjj;ijf; nfhz;L jPu;g;gspg;Ngd;|| vd;whu;. ~~mjpy; ,y;yhtpl;lhy; vd;d

nra;tPu;|| vd;wjw;F ~~my;yh`;tpd; J}jupd; ]{d;dh %yk; jPu;g;gspg;Ngd;||

vd;whu;. ~~mjpYk; ,y;yhtpl;lhy; vd;d nra;tPu;|| vd;whu;fs;. mjw;F mtu;

~~vdJ mwpitg; gad;gLj;jp ,[;jp`hj; nra;J jPu;g;gspg;Ngd;|| vd;whu;.

mjw;F egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ~~my;yh`;tpd; J}jupd; J}jUf;F mUs; Gupe;j

my;yh`;Tf;Nf vy;yhg; GfOk;|| vd;whu;fs;. (fpjhGy; ck;K)

! xU gazj;jpy; <Lgl;bUe;j ,U egpj; Njhou;fs; jz;zPu; ,d;ikapd;

fhuzkhf kz;zpdhy; jak;Kk; nra;J njhOifia epiwNtw;wpdu;. gpd;du;

Fwpj;j njhOiff;Fupa Neuk; KbaKd;du; ePu; fpilj;jJ. mtu;fspy; xUtu;

ePiug; gad;gLj;jp TO nra;J Fwpj;j njhOifia kPl;bj; njhOjhu;.

mLj;jtu; njhotpy;iy. ,t;tplak; egp (]y;) mtu;fsplk; njuptpf;fg;gl;lNghJ

jpUg;gpj; njhohjtiug; ghu;j;J ~~]{d;dhit rupahf epiwNtw;wpdPu;|| ckJ

njhOif ckf;F NghJkhdJ.|| vd;whu;fs;. jpUg;gpj; njhOjtiug; ghu;j;J

~~ckf;F ,uz;L jlit $yp fpilf;Fk;|| vd;whu;fs;. (e]<> mg+jhTj;)

,[;kh,[;kh,[;kh,[;kh,[;kh

• ,[;jp`hj; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; fhyk; Kjy; ,d;Wtiu tho;e;j rfy rl;l

mwpQu;fshYk; mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;L gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,[;jp`hjpd; Njit,[;jp`hjpd; Njit,[;jp`hjpd; Njit,[;jp`hjpd; Njit,[;jp`hjpd; Njit

• kWik tiuf;Fkhd tho;f;if newpahf ,];yhk; ;mike;Js;sJ. vdpDk;

kdpj mwpTk;> Mw;wy;fSk; tsu;r;rpailfpd;wd. fhykhw;wj;jpw;Nfw;g r%f>

nghUshjhu fhuzpfSk; tsu;r;rpailfpd;wd. ,it Gjpa gpur;rpidfis

cUthf;Ffpd;wd. ,j;jifa gpur;rpidfSf;fhd Neubj; jPu;g;Gfs;

my;Fu;MdpNyh> ]{d;dhtpNyh ,y;yhj NghJ ,[;jp`hj; mtrpakhfpd;wJ.

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! my;Fu;MdpYk;> ]{d;dhtpYk; gy fUj;Jf;fSf;F ,lk;ghlhd rl;ltrdq;fs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;iw rupahfg; Gupe;J nfhz;L nraw;gLj;j ,[;jp`hj;

Njitg;gLfpd;wJ.

,[;jp`hjpd; tiffs;,[;jp`hjpd; tiffs;,[;jp`hjpd; tiffs;,[;jp`hjpd; tiffs;,[;jp`hjpd; tiffs;

! ,[;jp`hj; nra;ag;gl;l Kiwia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ,uz;lhftFf;fyhk;.

1. my; ,[;jp`hj; mj; jhk; :

xU K[;j`pj; ,jidtplr; rpwe;j> rupahd xU jPu;Tf;F tuKbahJ vdkhdrPfkhf czUk; msTf;F MokhfTk;> mfykhfTk; mwpitAk;>Ma;itAk; gad;gLj;jp Nkw;nfhz;l ,[;jp`hj;

2. my; ,[;jp`hj; me;ehfp];

Fwpj;j gpur;rpidf;fhd jPu;tpy; mwpT g+u;tkhd Ma;tpd; KOikj;Jtj;ijf;fhzKbahj ,[;jp`hj;.

! Fwpj;j ,[;jp`hij Nkw;nfhz;l K[;j`pij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L,uz;lhf tFf;fyhk;.

1. my; ,[;jp`hj; my; Kj;yf;

,d;Ndhu; ,khkpd; mbg;gilfisNah my;yJ mtuJ cg gpupTfisNahJizahff; nfhs;shJ jdf;nfd;W jdpahd mbg;gilfis tFj;Jf; nfhz;lXu; ,khkpd; ,[;jp`hj;.

2. my; ,[;jp`hj; my; Kfa;aj;

Fwpj;j xU ,khkpd; mbg;gilfis my;yJ cg gpupTfis mbg;gilahff;nfhz;L ,d;ndhUtu; nra;j ,[;jp`hj;.

! ,[;jp`hjpd; cs;slf;fj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ,uz;lhf tFf;fyhk;.

1. my; ,[;jp`hj; my; Fy;yp

jdf;nfd;W jdpj;Jtkhd mbg;gilfis tFj;Jf;nfhz;l Xu; ,khk;,];yhkpa \uPMtpd; rfy JiwfisAk; cs;slf;fp Nkw;nfhz;l ,[;jp`hj;

2. my; ,[;jp`hj; my; [{];,

Fwpg;gpl;l xU Jiwapy; khj;jpuk; Mw;wy; ngw;Ws;s xU K[;j`pj;mj;Jiwapy; Nkw;nfhz;l ,[jp`hj;.

! rkfhy r%fj;Njitfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;tifapy; ,[;jp`hij ,uz;lhf tFf;fyhk;.

1. my; ,[;jp`hj; my; ,d;jpfh,

jFjptha;e;j xU rl;l mwpQuhy; toq;fg;gl;l rl;lj;jPu;g;Gfspy; ,Ue;J

my;yJ mtu;fshy; jPu;g;gspf;fg;gl;l tplaq;fspy; ,Ue;J Mokhd Ma;tpd;

mbahf ey;yijj; njupT nra;jy; ,t;tifapy; mlq;Fk;.

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2. my; ,[;jp`hj; my; ,d;\h,

jFjptha;e;j xU K[;j`pj; GjpanjhU gpur;rpid njhlu;ghd rl;lj;jPu;g;gpy;

,jw;F Kd; vtUk; tuhj xU jPu;g;Gf;F tUtij my;yJ ,Ue;j jPu;g;Gf;F

khw;wkhf Gjpa jPu;nthd;Wf;F tUtij ,J Fwpf;Fk;.

,[;jp`hj; nra;aj; jFjp ngw;Nwhu;,[;jp`hj; nra;aj; jFjp ngw;Nwhu;,[;jp`hj; nra;aj; jFjp ngw;Nwhu;,[;jp`hj; nra;aj; jFjp ngw;Nwhu;,[;jp`hj; nra;aj; jFjp ngw;Nwhu;

gpd;tUk; gz;Gfisg; g+u;j;jp nra;jtu;fs; kl;LNk ,[;jp̀ hj; nra;a KbAnkd

,];yhkpa mwpQu;fs; fUJfpd;wdu;. ,jid %d;W gpupTfspy; mlf;fyhk;.

01. ,[;jp`hj; nra;Ak; juj;ij miltjw;fhd epge;jidfs;.01. ,[;jp`hj; nra;Ak; juj;ij miltjw;fhd epge;jidfs;.01. ,[;jp`hj; nra;Ak; juj;ij miltjw;fhd epge;jidfs;.01. ,[;jp`hj; nra;Ak; juj;ij miltjw;fhd epge;jidfs;.01. ,[;jp`hj; nra;Ak; juj;ij miltjw;fhd epge;jidfs;.

1. my;Fu;Md; gw;wpa epiwthd mwpitg; ngw;wpUj;jy;. rl;ltrdq;fs;>

my; Fu;Md; mUsg;gl;l re;ju;g;gq;fs;> khw;wpa> khw;wg;gl;l trdq;fs;>

xU fUj;ijj; Fwpahf jUk; trdq;fs;> gy nghUs;jUk; El;gkhd

mwpTilatu;fs; kl;LNk nghUs; Gupaj;jf;f trdq;fs;> jg;]Pu; Jiwgw;wpa

mwpT vd;gd ,g;gFjpapy; mlq;Fk;.

2. ]{d;dh gw;wpa Mokhd mwpitg; ngw;wpUj;jy;. `jP];fspd; jd;ik>

juhjuk;> mwptpg;ghsu; gw;wpa kjpg;gPLfs;> jpwdha;Tg; ngWNgWfs;>`jP];

gjg;gpuNahfq;fs;> Fwpj;j `jP];fSld; njhlu;ghd #o;epiyfs; gw;wpa

mwpitg; ngw;wpUj;jy;.

3. mwG nkhopg; GyikAk;> Nju;r;rpAk; cs;stuhf ,Uj;jy;. nkhopg;

Nghf;F> ,yf;fz> mwptpay; kuGfs;> gpuNjr> Nfhj;jpu nkhop tof;fq;fs;

vd;gd gw;wpa mwpitg; ngw;wpUj;jy;.

4. ,];yhkpa rl;lj;Jiwapy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s ,[;khthd KbTfs;

gw;wp mwpjy;.

5. ,];yhkpa rl;l%yhjhuq;fshd fpah];> ,];jp];`hg; Nghd;w

rl;l%yhjhuq;fs; gw;wpa mwpTk;> njspTk; ,Uj;jy;.

02. Xu; ,[;jp`hj; jtWfs; VJkpd;wp g+uzj;Jtkiltjw;fhd epge;jidfs;02. Xu; ,[;jp`hj; jtWfs; VJkpd;wp g+uzj;Jtkiltjw;fhd epge;jidfs;02. Xu; ,[;jp`hj; jtWfs; VJkpd;wp g+uzj;Jtkiltjw;fhd epge;jidfs;02. Xu; ,[;jp`hj; jtWfs; VJkpd;wp g+uzj;Jtkiltjw;fhd epge;jidfs;02. Xu; ,[;jp`hj; jtWfs; VJkpd;wp g+uzj;Jtkiltjw;fhd epge;jidfs;

1. ,];yhkpa \uPMtpd; Nehf;Ffs;> ,yf;Ffs; gw;wpa mwptpUj;jy;. ,];yhkpa

mwpQu;fs; ,jid ~~kfh]pJ\; \uPM|| gw;wpa mwpT vd;fpd;wdu;. rkfhy

,];yhkpa mwpQu;fSs; xUtuhd fyhepjp m`kj; ua;#dp rkfhyg;

gpur;rpidfSf;fhd rl;lj;jPu;g;Gfis toq;Fk; K[;j`pj;fs; ,j;Jiwapy;

Mokhd mwpitg; ngw;wpUg;gJ mtrpakhdJ vd;fpwhu;.

2. r%fj;ijAk;> r%f tho;tpaiyAk; mwpe;jpUj;jy;.

03. Fwpj;j Xu; ,[;jp`hj; mq;fPfupf;fg;gLtjw;fhd epge;jidfs;.03. Fwpj;j Xu; ,[;jp`hj; mq;fPfupf;fg;gLtjw;fhd epge;jidfs;.03. Fwpj;j Xu; ,[;jp`hj; mq;fPfupf;fg;gLtjw;fhd epge;jidfs;.03. Fwpj;j Xu; ,[;jp`hj; mq;fPfupf;fg;gLtjw;fhd epge;jidfs;.03. Fwpj;j Xu; ,[;jp`hj; mq;fPfupf;fg;gLtjw;fhd epge;jidfs;.

1. jf;thTk; ,/yh]{k; cs;stuhf ,Uj;jy;.

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2. ePjpAk;> Neu;ikAk;> ek;gpf;if ehzaKk; cs;stuhf

,Uj;jy;.

K[;j`pj;fspd; gbj;juq;fs;.K[;j`pj;fspd; gbj;juq;fs;.K[;j`pj;fspd; gbj;juq;fs;.K[;j`pj;fspd; gbj;juq;fs;.K[;j`pj;fspd; gbj;juq;fs;.

1. my; K[;j`pj; Kj;yf; my; K];jfpy;

jdf;nfd;W jdpahd rl;l mbg;gilfis tFj;Jf; nfhz;L mtw;iw

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L rl;lg;gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPu;g;G toq;Fthu;.

my;Fu;MdpYk;> ]{d;dhtpYk; ,lk;ngWk; rl;ltrdq;fis El;gkhf Ma;e;J

mwpe;jtuhfTk; mtw;wpypUe;J fhuzfhupa mbg;gilapy; rl;lq;fisj; njupe;J

nfhs;sf;$batuhfTk; ,Ug;ghu;. ]`hghf;fs;> jhgp<d;fs; fhy Gf`hf;fs;>

ehd;F kj;`GifsAk; cila ,khk;fs;> ,khk; i]j; ,g;D myp> ,khk;

]t;up> [/gU]; ]hjpf;> mt;]h<> yht]; ,g;D ]mj;> jgup> jht+j;

my;yh`pup mo;khspup KjypNahu; ,g;gpuptpy; mlq;Ftu;.

2. my; K[;j`pj; Kj;yf; my; Kd;j]pg;

Fwpj;j Xu; ,khkpd; rl;l %yhjhuq;fisg; gpd;gw;wpr; rl;lj; jPu;;g;Gf;fisAk;>

gpur;rpidfSf;fhd jPu;g;GfisAk; toq;Fthu;. rpyNghJ jdf;nfd rpy

tpjpfisAk; tFj;Jr; nraw;gLthu;. jhd; rupnadf; fz;l ,khk; jPu;g;gspf;fhj

gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPu;g;Gr; nrhy;thu;. ,tuJ rl;lj;jPu;g;Gfs; mtu; Vw;Wf;

nfhz;l ,khkpd; fUj;Jf;F khw;wkhfTk; mikAk;.

,g;gpuptpy; kj;`ig cila ,khk;fspd; khztu;fs; mlq;Ftu;.

- ,khk; mg+`dPghtpd; khztu;fs; (mg+ a+Rg;> `]d;> ]{gu;)

- ,khk; khypfpd; khztu;fs; ( ,g;Dy; fh]pk;> m\;mg;> m];k/)

- ,khk; \hgp,d; khztu;fs; ( K];dp> Gitj.. > ]/guhdp)

- ,khk; m`;kj; ,d; khztu;fs; ( ]hyp`; ,g;D m`;kj;> mg+gf;u; my;

`y;yhy;)

3. my; K[;j`pj; my; Kfa;aj; my;yJ K[;j`pj; my; j ;̀uP[;

Fwpj;j ,khkpd; rl;lgpupTfisAk;> mtu; ; jdJ rpe;jidfSf;F

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l %yhjhuq;fisAk; ed;F mwpe;J itj;jpUg;ghu;.

Gjpa gpur;rpidfs; tUk;NghJ jdJ ,khkpd; mbg;gilfisg; gpd;gw;wp

jPu;g;gspg;ghu;. rpy rl;l mwpQu;fs; ,tu;fis ~~my; K[;j`pj; gpy; kj;`g;||

vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdu;. ,t;tifapy; ̀ dgp kj;̀ gpd; ,khk; fufp> j`htp>

`]d; ,g;D ]pahu;> khypf; kj;`gpd; my; mg;`up> ,g;D mgP]k;dPd;>

\hgp< kj;`gpd; my; k&]p Nghd;Nwhiuf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

4. Fwpj;j Xu; ,khkpd; kj;̀ gpy; Mo;e;j mwpitg; ngw;wpUg;ghu;. jdJ ,khkpd;

fUj;Jf;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; mtuJ khztu;fspd; fUj;Jf;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; kpfg;

nghUj;jkhd fUj;Jf;fis fhy#o;epiyfSf;F Vw;g njupT nra;J

Kd;itf;Fk; jFjp ,tUf;F ,Uf;Fk;. `p 6 Mk; 7 Mk; E}w;whz;Lfspy;

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tho;e;j Vuhskhd ,khk;fs; ,g;gpuptpy; mlq;Ftu;. ̀ dgp kj;`gpd; gpujhd

,khk;fshd my; fJ}up> fh]hdp> khypfp kj;`gpd; ,khk;fhshd ,g;D

U\;j;> my; kh]pup> \hgp, kj;`gpd; ,khk;fshd ,khk; ettp> ,g;D mgP

mk;&d; ̀ k;gyp kj;`gpd; ,khkhd ,g;D Fjhkh Nghd;Nwhu; ,t;tifapy;

Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftu;fs;.

! ]`hghf;fs; fhyj;jpy; ,[;jp`hj; fhZk; gzpia ehd;F fyPghf;fSk;>

,g;D k];Cj; (uop)> i]j; ,g;D ]hgpj; (uop) Kjyhd ]`hghf;fSk;

Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;. njhlu;e;J te;j jhgp<d;fs; my;yJ cikahf;fs;

fhyj;jpYk; ,t;thW Fwpg;gpl;l Jiwapy; mwpTs;Nshu; ,jidr; nra;J

te;jdu;. Mdhy; ,f;fhyj;jpy; Kd;dupYk; mjpfkhd gpuNjrq;fs; K];ypk;fspd;

fl;Lg;ghl;by; te;jikahy; gpur;rpidfs; Kd;dupYk; mjpfkhfj; Njhd;wpd.

vdNt ,f;fhy mwpQu;fspd; gzp ,d;Dk; mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijg; ngw;wd.

! ]`hghf;fs; fhyj;jpy;> mtu;fs; `jP];fis ed;fwpe;jpUe;jikahy;

gpur;rpidf;Fupa jPu;g;G my;Fu;Mdpy; Neubahff; fhzg;gltpy;iyahapd;

`jP];fs; %ykhffj; NjlKbe;j epiyapypUe;jhu;fs;. Mdhy; gpw;gl;l

fhyj;jpy; vy;NyhUk; `jP];fis mwpe;jpUf;fhikahYk;> mit

njhFf;fg;gl;bUf;fhikahYk; gpur;rpidfis ,yFthfj; jPu;j;Jf; nfhs;s

Kbatpy;iy. mt;Ntis fhupfSk;> K`j;jp];fSk; ,[;jp`hj; fhZk;

Kaw;rpapyPLgl;ldu;. ,tu;fsplk;> K];ypk; Nguurpd; gyghfq;fspYk; tho;e;j

nghJkf;fs; jkJ gpur;rpidfis vLj;Jte;jdu;. kf;fh> kjPdh> $gh>

g]uh> jpkp\;f;(lk];f];) Kjypa efu;fspy; tho;e;j ,t;twpQu;fs; jk;kplk;

tUk; k];myhf;fSf;Fg; gjpyspj;jJf; nfhz;NlapUe;jhu;fs;.

! ,f;fhyj;jpy; gpwnkhopfspypUe;j E}y;fs; mwgpapy; ngau;f;fg;gl;likahy;

K];ypk;fspilNa mwpTj;Jiwapy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;ld. fpNuf;f

jj;Jtr; nry;thf;Fk;> gpwfyhrhuj;jhf;fq;fSk; K];ypk;fisg; ghjpj;Jf;

nfhz;bUe;jd. mwG nkhop mwpahjtu;fs; jkJ gpur;rpidfSf;F my;Fu;Md;-

]{d;dhtpypUe;J Neubahd tpsf;fq;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Kbahj

epiyapUe;jJ. ,j;jifa fhyfl;lj;jpy; Mj;kPf> murpay;> r%f> nghUshjhu

JiwfSf;fhd ,];yhj;jpd; rl;ljpl;lq;fis K];ypk; nghJkf;fSf;Fj;

njhFj;Jf; nfhLf;f Ntz;ba nghWg;G mwpQu;fshd K[;j`pj;fisr;

rhu;e;jpUe;jJ. vdNt> ,tu;fs; Kjypy; ̀ jP];fisj; jpul;Lk; Kaw;rpaPLgl;ldu;.

gpd;du;> my;Fu;Md;- ̀ jP];fspypUe;J rl;lq;fisg; gpupj;njLf;Fk; Kaw;rpapy;

,wq;fpdu;. ,J gpf;`{f;fiy Xu; mikg;igg; ngw topahf mike;jJ.

! ,t;thW K[;j p̀j;fs; rl;lq;fis cUthf;Fk; NghJ> my;Fu;Md;-]{d;dhtpy;

Nghjpa tpsf;fkpy;yhjtu;fSk; rl;lq;fis ntspg;gLj;j Muk;gpj;jdu;. ,J>

K];ypk; rl;lj;jpd; J}a;ikiaf; nfLf;Fkhjyhy; rl;lf;fiyapyPLglj;

jFjpAilNahu; gw;wpa ,yf;fzk; tFf;fg;gl;lJ. ,J c]{Yy; gpf;`;

vdg;gLk;. ,t;thW ̀ p[;up Kjyhk; E}w;whz;bd; filrpg;gFjpapy; cUthd

Kaw;rpfs; ̀ p[;up ,uz;lhk; E}w;whz;by; gpf;̀ { xU jdpf;fiyahf tsuTk;>

kj;`Gfs; Njhd;wTk; fhyhf mike;jd.

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Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 4 .24.24.24.24.2 ::::: mbg;gil %yhjhuq;fSld; Jiz %yhjhuq;fspd;mbg;gil %yhjhuq;fSld; Jiz %yhjhuq;fspd;mbg;gil %yhjhuq;fSld; Jiz %yhjhuq;fspd;mbg;gil %yhjhuq;fSld; Jiz %yhjhuq;fspd;mbg;gil %yhjhuq;fSld; Jiz %yhjhuq;fspd;

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mwpe;J mtw;iwg; gpuNahfpg;ghu;Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mwpe;J mtw;iwg; gpuNahfpg;ghu;Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mwpe;J mtw;iwg; gpuNahfpg;ghu;Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mwpe;J mtw;iwg; gpuNahfpg;ghu;Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mwpe;J mtw;iwg; gpuNahfpg;ghu;



! ,[;jp`hjpd; mbahfj; Njhd;wpa %yhjhuq;fisg;

gl;baw;gLj;Jthu;.

! ,[;jp`hjpd; mbahfj; Njhd;wpa %yhjhuq;fs; gw;wp tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.


nfsY];]`hgpnfsY];]`hgpnfsY];]`hgpnfsY];]`hgpnfsY];]`hgp

,J Jiz %yhjhuq;fspy; xd;whFk;. ,J kj;`G]; ]`hgp vd;Wk;

miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

nfsY];]`hgp rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuk;nfsY];]`hgp rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuk;nfsY];]`hgp rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuk;nfsY];]`hgp rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuk;nfsY];]`hgp rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuk;

• ]`hghf;fs; egp(]y;) mtu;fSf;F kpf neUf;fkhdtu;fs;;;@ t p̀ ,wq;Ftij

mtjhdpj;jtu;fs;@ egpatu;fs; rl;l xOq;Ffis Kd;itj;j NghJ Mo;e;J

mtjhdpj;jtu;fs;@ gpd;gw;wpatu;fs; vd;wtifapy; egpj;Njhou;fsJ

fUj;Jf;fSk; tho;Tk; Mjhukhff; nfhs;sj; jf;fitahFk;.

• ]`hghf;fsJ fUj;Jf;fs; ,iwj;J}juJ ]{d;dhthfTk; ,Uf;f KbAk;.

Vnddpy; rpyNghJ ]`hghf;fs; ,iwj;J}juJ fUj;Jf;fis mtuJ

fUj;Jf;fs; vd;W Fwpg;gplhky; Kd;itj;j re;ju;g;gq;fSk; cz;L. ,e;j

tifapy; ]`hghf;fsJ fUj;Jf;fSf;F cau;e;j me;j];J nfhLf;f

Ntz;Lk;.

• Fwpg;gpl;l xU gpur;rpid njhlu;ghf ]`hghf;fs; jkJ nrhe;j Ma;tpd;

mbg;gilapy; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhYk;$l mit rpwe;j fUj;Jf;fshfNt

nfhs;sg;gLk;. Vnddpy; mtu;fs; guk;giuapdUs; rpwe;j guk;giuapdu; vd

egpatu;fshy; Nghw;wg;gl;ltu;fshtu;.

• xU ]`hgp Kd;itj;j fUj;jhdJ kf;fspilNa gpugy;ak; mile;J mjid

ahUk; kWf;fhtpl;lhy; mJ ,[;kh ]{$jpapd; me;j];ij milfpwJ.

• rpy Fu;Md; trdq;fSk; ̀ jP];fSk; ]`hghf;fsJ cau;epiyia vLj;Jf;

fhl;LtJ mtu;fsJ fUj;Jf;fisAk; Mjhukhff; nfhs;s KbAk; vd;gij

czu;j;Jk;.

cjhuzkhf : ~~ehd; vdJ ]`hghf;fSf;F ek;gpf;iff;Fupatu;. mt;thNw

vdJ ]`hghf;fs; vdJ ck;kj;jpdUf;F ek;gpf;iff;Fupatu;fs;.||

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• rpy rl;l mwpQu;fs; nfsY]; ]`hgpia Mjhukhff; nfhs;tjpy;iy.

mjw;F mtu;fs; Kd;itf;Fk; epahaq;fshtd.

m). ]`hghf;fs; gpiotpLtjpypUe;J ghJfhf;fg;gl;l k/]_k;fs; my;yu;.

mtu;fSk; Vida K[;j`pj;fisg; Nghd;wtu;fNs K[;j`pj;fs; rpyNghJ

gpioahd KbTfSf;F tuf;$Lk;.

M). rpy NghJ jq;fsJ gj;thf;fspy; jhk; gpiotpl;lij ]`hghf;fs;

Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;sdu;.

,). ]`hghf;fs; gpiotpl;l NghJ gpwu; mjidj; jpUj;jptpl;l re;ju;g;gq;fSk;

cz;L

<). rpy ]`hghf;fs; rpy re;ju;g;gq;fspy; jhgp<d;fspd; fUj;Jf;fis Vw;Wf;

nfhz;Ls;sdu;.

c). ]`hghf;fs; gw;wp rpyhfpj;Jf; $wg;gl;l `jP];fs; mtu;fsJ cau;e;j

me;j];ij czu;j;JtNjnahopa jtWfspypUe;J ghJfhf;fg;gl;ltu;fs;

vd;w fUj;ijj; ju khl;lh.

• nfsY]; ]`hgp Fu;Md; ]{d;dh Nghd;w xU %yhjhukhff; nfhs;sg;gLt

jpy;iy. khwhf Fu;Md; ]{d;dhtpd; mbg;gilapy; ngwg;gl;l fUj;Jf;fis

gyg;gLj;JtjhfTk; rpyNghJ r%f epu;thf mk;rq;fs; Fwpj;j tplaq;fSf;Fj;

jPu;T ngWtjw;fhfTk; Mjhukhff; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.

my;-,[;khcmy;-,[;khcmy;-,[;khcmy;-,[;khcmy;-,[;khc

• ,];yhkpa \uPMtpd; mbg;gil %yhjhuq;fspy; Fu;MDk;> `jP]{k; kpfg;

gpujhd ,lj;ij tfpf;fpd;wd. ,t;tpuz;Lk; t`papd; mbg;gilapy;

mike;jpUg;gNj mjw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;. ,t;tpuz;L %yhjhuq;fSld;

,[;jp`hjpd; mbg;gilapy; cUthfpa Jiz %yhjhuq;fSk; ,];yhkpa

tuyhw;wpy; Njhd;wp tsu;r;rp ngw;wd. ,t;tupirapy; Njhd;wpa kpf Kf;fpakhd

xU Jiz %yhjhuNk ,[;khcthFk;.

• ,[;khc vDk; mwGg; gjk; ~m[;km| vDk; mwGr; nrhy;ypypUe;J Njhw;wk;

ngw;wjhFk;. xd;W Nru;j;jy;> cWjp nfhs;Sjy;> xj;j fUj;Jf; nfhs;sy;>

VNfhgpj;j fUj;Jf; nfhs;sy; vDk; nkhopf; fUj;Jf;fspy; ,g;gjk;

gpuNahfpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,];yhkpa \uPmj;jpy; gpd;tUk; fUj;jpNyNa mJ

gpuNahfpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; tghj;jpd; gpd; VjhtnjhU

fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa gpur;rpidf;fhd jPu;T Fu;MdpNyh> ]{d;dhtpNyh

njspthff; fhzg;glhjNghJ mg;gpur;rpidf;fhd jPu;itg; ngWtjw;F

mf;fhyj;jpy; thOk; K[;j`pJfs; midtUk; ,[;jp`hj; nra;tjd; %yk;

VNfhgpj;j fUj;Jf; nfhs;tNj ,[;khc MFk;.

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,[;khc rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;,[;khc rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;,[;khc rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;,[;khc rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;,[;khc rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;

my;Fu;Md; Mjhuq;;fs;my;Fu;Md; Mjhuq;;fs;my;Fu;Md; Mjhuq;;fs;my;Fu;Md; Mjhuq;;fs;my;Fu;Md; Mjhuq;;fs;

• ~~,d;Dk; Neuhd top ,d;dnjd;W jdf;Fj; njspthdjd; gpd;du; vtu;

(ek;Kila) ,j;J}jUf;F khWnra;J> tpRthrpfspd; topay;yhj (NtW

topahd) ijg; gpd;gw;WfpwhNuh mtiu ehk; mtu; jpUk;gpa (jtwhd)

topapNyNa jpUg;gp tpLNthk;. (gpd;du;) mtiu eufj;jpy; GFj;jp tpLNthk;.

mJ nrd;wilA kplj;jpy; kpff; nfl;lJ.|| (14:115)

• ~~ePq;fs; my;yh`;tpw;F topg;gLq;fs;> mt;thNw mtdJ J}jUf;Fk; topg;

gLq;fs;. ,d;Dk; cq;fspy; (my;yh`;tpw;Fk;. u]_Yf;Fk; fl;Lg;gLfpd;w)

jiytu;fSf;Fk; topg;gLq;fs;.|| (4:59)

• NkYk; (Aj;j) mikjpNah my;yJ gPjpNah gw;wpa ahnjhU nra;jp

mtu;fSf;F te;Jtpl;lhy; (clNd) mtu;fs; mjid (ntspapy; kf;fspilNa)

gug;gp tpLfpd;wdu;. (mt;thW nra;ahJ) mjid (my;yh ;̀Tila J}juplKk;>

mtu;fspy; (khu;f;f QhdKs;s) mjpfhuKilatu;fsplKk; njuptpj;jpUe;jhy;>

mtu;fspypUe;J mjid Ma;e;J vLg;gtu;fs; mjid (ed;F) mwpe;J

nfhs;thu;fs;. NkYk; (tpRthrpfNs) my;yh ;̀Tila NguUSk; mtDila

fpUigAk; cq;fs; kPJ ,y;yhjpUe;jhy; (cq;fspy;) Fiwthdtu;fisj;

jtpu ePq;fs; ahtUk; i\j;jhidNa gpd;gw;wpapUg;gPu;fs;. (4:83)

• Kjypy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l ,iwtrdj;jpy; ,iwek;gpf;ifahsu;fspd; fUj;JfSf;F

topg;gLtJ khu;f;ff; flik vd;gJk;> mjw;F Kuz;gLtJ jz;lidf;FupaJ

vd;gJk; czu;j;jg;gl;Ls;sd. ,uz;lhtJ trdj;jpy; ~cYy; mk;u;| vDk;

K];ypk; r%fj;jpd; mwpQu;fSf;F my;yJ K[;j`pJfSf;F my;yJ

jiytu;fSf;F topg;gLk;gb fl;lisaplg;gl;Ls;sJ. %d;whtJ trdj;jpy;

gpur;rpidfspd;NghJ mwpQu;fs;> nghWg;ghsu;fis ehb mjid Ma;e;J

jPu;j;Jf; nfhs;SkhW Ntz;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. MfNt ,g;Nghjidfs; ,[;khctpd;

mbg;gil apy; mwpQu;fs; toq;Fk; VNfhgpj;j KbTfs; gpioahf ,Uf;f

KbahJ vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

]{d;dhtpd; Mjhuq;fs;]{d;dhtpd; Mjhuq;fs;]{d;dhtpd; Mjhuq;fs;]{d;dhtpd; Mjhuq;fs;]{d;dhtpd; Mjhuq;fs;

• ~~vdJ r%fj;jpdu; jtwhd tplaq;fspy; xd;Wgl khl;lhu;fs;.|| (,g;D

kh[h)

• ~~rj;jpaj;jpy; epiyj;jpUf;ff; $ba xU $l;lk; vdJ r%fj;jpy; vd;nwd;Wk;

,Ue;J tUthu;fs;.|| (mg+ jhT+j;)

• ~~ahu; jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;F fl;Lg;gLtjpypUe;J tpyfpr; nrd;W [khmj;ij

tpl;Lk; gpupe;J kuzpf;fpd;whNuh mtuJ kuzk; ([h`pypa;aj;ij) klikiar;

Nru;e;jjhFk;.|| (K];ypk;)

• ~~K];ypk;fs; ey;yjhff; fUJgit my;yh`;tplk; ey;yjhfNt ,Uf;Fk;.

mt;thNw mtu;fs; jPajhf fUJgit my;yh`;tplk; jPajhfNt ,Uf;Fk;.||

(m`;kj;)

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• ~~ahu; Rtu;f;fj;jpd; ,d;gq;fisr; Ritf;f tpUk;GfpwhNuh mtu; r%fj;NjhL

,ize;jpUf;fl;Lk;.||

• Nkw;gb `jP];fspy; K];ypk; r%fk; rj;jpaj;jpy; xd;WgLgthu;fs; vd;w

fUj;J vLj;Jf; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. mNjNeuj;jpy; cz;ikf;F Kuzhdtw;wpy;

K];ypk; r%fk; xd;Wgl khl;lhJ vd;w fUj;Jk; typAWj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

khu;f;fj;jpy; njspTs;s ,iwNeru;fspd; KbTk; my;yh`;tpd; KbthfNt

fzpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. MfNt ,[;khctpd; KbTfSf;F K];ypk;fs; fl;Lg;glf;

flikg;gLfpd;whu;fs;.

• kdpjdpd; rPupa gFj;jwpT ,[;khctpd; mtrpaj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;wJ.

rpy gpur;rpidfSf;F jPu;T fhz;gjw;F Fu;Md; ]{d;dhtpy; njspthd

Mjhuq;fs; fhzg;glhjNghJ ]`hghf;fSk; ,[;khc %yNk jPu;T ngw;wdu;.

vdNt ,];yhj;jpd; capNuhl;lj; jd;ik> eilKiwr; rhj;jpak; vd;gtw;iw

tpsf;Ftjw;F ,[;khc ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. Vnddpy;> Fwpg;gpl;lnjhU

gpur;rpidapy; K[;j`pj;fs; ahtUk; VNfhgpj;J> vt;tpj vjpu;g;Gkpd;wp> fUj;J

Kuz;ghbd;wp xU Kbtpw;F tUthu;fshapd; mJ ,];yhkpa vy;iyf;F

ntspNa nry;yhJ. MfNt gFj;jwpT uPjpahf Nehf;Ffpd;wNghJk; ,[;khc

mtrpakhd jhFk;. mjdbg;gilapy; ngwg;gLfpd;w jPu;khdq;fSf;F K];ypk;

r%fj;jpdu; fl;Lg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJk; njspthfpd;wJ.

,[;khctpw;fhd epajpfs;,[;khctpw;fhd epajpfs;,[;khctpw;fhd epajpfs;,[;khctpw;fhd epajpfs;,[;khctpw;fhd epajpfs;

• ,[;khtpd; mbg;gilapy; xU Kbitg; ngWtjw;Fg; gpd;tUk; epajpfs;

Ngzg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

1. ,[;khc Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtjw;F xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l K[;j`pJfs; ,Uf;f

Ntz;Lk;.

2. K[;j`pJfspd; VNfhgpj;j Kbitg; ngWjy; Ntz;Lk;.

3. K[;j`pJfs; jkJ Kbit thu;j;ijfshy; my;yJ nraypdhy; ntspg;gLj;j

Ntz;Lk;.

• Nkw;Fwpj;j epajpfSf;Fl;gl;l tifapy; ngwg;gl;l ,[;khcthd KbTfisg;

gpd;gw;WtJ K];ypk; r%fj;jpd; nghWg;ghFk;.

,[;khctpd; tiffs;,[;khctpd; tiffs;,[;khctpd; tiffs;,[;khctpd; tiffs;,[;khctpd; tiffs;

m )m )m )m )m ) ,[;khc ]uP`;,[;khc ]uP`;,[;khc ]uP`;,[;khc ]uP`;,[;khc ]uP`;

• rkfhyj;jpy; tho;fpd;w K[;j`pJfs; xt;nthUtUk; Ma;Tf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;l

rl;lg; gpur;rpid njhlu;ghfj; jkJ fUj;ijAk; epiyg;ghl;ilAk; njspthf

Kd;itg;gjd; %yk; xUikg;gl;l Kbnthd;Wf;F tUtijNa ~,[;khc

]uP`;| vd;W mwpQu;fs; milahsg;gLj;Jtu;. ~,[;khc ]uP`;| vd;gJ

~njspthd ,[;khc| vd;w fUj;ijj; jUk;. ,j;jifa ,[;khcNt

Mjhug+u;tkhdjhf midtuhYk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jw;F

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cjhuzkhf egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ tghj;jpd; gpd;du; ,];yhkpa murpd;

jiytuhf mg+gf;u; (uop) mtu;fs; njupTnra;ag;gl;lijf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

M)M)M)M)M) ,[;khc ]{$jp,[;khc ]{$jp,[;khc ]{$jp,[;khc ]{$jp,[;khc ]{$jp

• VNjDnkhU rl;lg; gpur;rpid njhlu;ghf K[;j`pJfspy; xUtu; xU

fUj;ijj; njuptpj;J mf;fUj;J gpugy;akile;j epiyapy; Vida

K[;j`pJfs; mJ njhlu;ghf rhu;ghfNth> vjpuhfNth vf;fUj;ijAk;

njuptpf;fhJ nksdkhf ,Ue;jhy; mjid ~,[;kh ]{$jp| nksd epiyapy;

ngwg;gl;l ,[;khc vd mwpQu;fs; milahsg;gLj;Jtu;. ~,[;khc

]{$jpia| ,[;khcthff; nfhs;syhkh vd;gJ Fwpj;J mwpQh;fspilNa

fUj;J NtWghLfs; epyTfpd;wd.

,) ,[;khc Kuf;fg;:,) ,[;khc Kuf;fg;:,) ,[;khc Kuf;fg;:,) ,[;khc Kuf;fg;:,) ,[;khc Kuf;fg;:

• Fwpg;gpl;lnjhU tplaj;jpy; xU fhyg; gpuptpd; rl;l mwpQu;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l

rpy fUj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sdu;. ,t;tidj;Jf; fUj;Jf;fSf;Fk; khw;wkhf

xUtu; Gjpjhf xU fUj;ij ntspaplf; $lhJ vd;gu;. ,jw;F cjhuzkhfg;

gpd;tUk; ,[;khc Kbitf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

• K];ypk;fspy; Mz;fs; jhbia tsu tpLtNjhL njhlu;Gila rl;lj;jpy;

rl;l mwpQu;fs; gpd;tUk; fUj;Jf;fis nfhz;Ls;sdu;.

1. jhb tsu;g;gJ ]{d;dj;jhdjhFk;.

2. jhb tsu;g;gJ th[pghdjhFk;.

• jhb itg;gij ]{d;dj; vdTk;> th[pG vdTk;> mjd; juj;jpy; fUj;J NtW

ghL nfhz;lhYk; jhb itf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; xd;Wgl;ldu;. MfNt

jhbia ePf;FtJ vd;w xU Gjpa fUj;ij nfhz;L tu KbahJ vd

xd;Wgl;Ls;sdu;.

<) ,[;khc mf;]upa;ah:<) ,[;khc mf;]upa;ah:<) ,[;khc mf;]upa;ah:<) ,[;khc mf;]upa;ah:<) ,[;khc mf;]upa;ah:

• VNjDnkhU rl ; lg ; g p u r ; r pid njhlu ; g hf K[ ;j` pJfs py ;

ngUk;ghd;ikahNdhu; xU fUj;jpy; cld;gl;L kw;Wk; rpy K[;j`pJfs;

Kuz;gl;lhYk; mJ ,[;kh Kbthf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLk; vd;gNj ,[;kh

mf;]upa;ahthFk;. K[;j`pJfspy; ngUk;ghd;ikNahuJ KbT ,[;khthFkh

vd;gjpy; gy;NtW tpjkhd fUj;Jf;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

1. ~,[;kh mf;]upa;ah| ,[;kh Kbthf nfhs;sg;gl khl;lhJ vd;gNj ,];yhkpa

mwpQu;fsJ nghJthd fUj;jhFk;. ,[;kh xU rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gij

cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Mjhuq;fs; KO r%fj;ijAk; jOtpajhf mike;Js;sNj

ad;wp r%fj;jpy; ngUk;ghd;ikahNdhu; jtwpiof;f khl;lhu;fs; vd;gijf;

fhl;lkhl;lhJ vd;gJ mtu;fsJ thjkhFk;. ]`hghf;fsJ eilKiwAk;

,jidNa czu;j;Jfpd;wJ. mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D mg;gh]; (uop) mtu;fs;

ngUk;ghd;ikapdupd; fUj;Jf;fSf;F khw;wkhd fUj;jpidNa rpy

gpur;rpidfspy; nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs; vd ,tu;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdu;.

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2. ,[;khc mf;]upa;ahit ,[;khthf Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk; vd;gJ rpy

mwpQu;fspd; fUj;jhFk;. ,tu;fSs; ,khk; K`k;kj; ,g;D [uPu; mj;jgup>

mg+gf;u; mu;uh]p> m`;kj; ,g;D ̀ d;gy; Nghd;Nwhu; Kf;fpakhdtu;fshtu;.

3. ,d;Dk; rpyu; Kj;jthjpUila vz;zpf;ifia tplf; Fiwe;j mstpy;

Kuz; gl;Nlhu; ,Ug;gpd; ngUk;ghd;ikNahuJ fUj;J ,[;khthf

nfhs;sg;glyhk; vdf; fUJfpd;wdu;.

4. kw;Wk; rpyu; ngUk;ghd;ikNahuJ KbT xU MjhuNkad;wp ,[;khty;y

vd;fpd;wdu;.

5. NtW rpyu; ngUk;ghd;ikNahuJ Kbitg; gpd;gw;WtJ nghUj;jkhdJ

vd;fpd;wdu;.

,[;khctpd; gpupTfs;,[;khctpd; gpupTfs;,[;khctpd; gpupTfs;,[;khctpd; gpupTfs;,[;khctpd; gpupTfs;

• ,[;khc MdJ mjid Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F mbg;gilahf mike;j

Mjhuj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; Nehf;Fk;NghJ ,U tifg;gLk;.

1. ,[;kh ef;yp:

my;Fu;Md;> ]{d;dh vd;gtw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L cUthFk; ,[;kh.

c-k;: ngz;fSf;Fj; jq;fk; `yhyhdJ vd;w VNfhgpj;j Kbitf;

Fwpg;gplyhk;.

2. ,[;khc ,[;jp`hjp:

Vida rl;l %yhjhuq;fisf; nfhz;L cUthFk; ,[;khc.

cjhuzk;:mg+gf;u;(uop) mtu;fs; fyPghthfj; njupT nra;ag;gl;lijf;

Fwpg;gplyhk;.

• ,];yhk; vy;yhr; re;ju;g;gq;fspYk; typAWj;Jfpd;w my;yJ fl;bnaOg;g

Kaw;r pf ;f pd ;w Xu ; mbg;gil mk;rk ; K];ypk ;fsJ If;fpaKk;>

xUikg;ghLkhFk;. kpfg; gpujhd ,iwtzf;fq;fspYk; md;whl

tptfhuq;fspYk; ,jid Vw;gLj;j ,];yhk; Kaw;rpf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j tifapy;

,[;khc vDk; Jiz %yhjhuj;jpd; mbg;gilapYk; K];ypk;fsJ

fUj;njhw;Wikiaj; Njhw;Wtpj;J eilKiw tho;f;ifapy; mtw;iwg;

g p uj p gy pf ; f itf ;f Kaw ; r p f ; f pd ; wJ . vdNt K] ;y pk ; fsJ

fUj;njhUikg;ghl;bw;F cau;e;j rhd;whf ,[;khc fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

fpah]; (xg;GNehf;fy;)fpah]; (xg;GNehf;fy;)fpah]; (xg;GNehf;fy;)fpah]; (xg;GNehf;fy;)fpah]; (xg;GNehf;fy;)

• fpah]; vDk; muGr; nrhy; msj;jy;> xg;GNehf;fy;> rkg;gLj;jy; vd;w

fUj;Jf;fisj; jUk;.

• ,];yhkpa gupghi\apy; rl;lk; njspthf tuhj xU Gjpa gpur;rpidf;Fupa

jPu;g;ig> rl;lk; njspthff; $wg;gl;l mNjNghd;w xU gpur;rpidAld;

xg;GNehf;fp> mj;jPu;g;ig Gjpa gpur;rpidf;F toq;Fjy;.

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• ,];yhkpa rl;l %yhjhuq;fSs; ehd;fhk; ,lj;ijg; ngWk; fpah];> Kjy;

%d;W rl;l%yhjhuq;fshd my;Fu;Md;> m];]{d;dh> ,[;khc Mfpatw;Ws;

xd;wpNyDk; jPu;T fpilf;fhj NghNj nraw;gLj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

• nghJg; gz;Gfspy; xj;j jd;ik fhzg;gLk;NghJ> ,U tplaq;fSf;Fk;

xNu rl;lk; nfhLf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ vspikahd xU tplakhFk;.

,e;j rkj;Jtf; Nfhl;ghl;il my;Fu;MDk; gy;NtW ,lq;fspy;

typAWj;Jfpd;wJ.

g+kpapy; mtu;fs; gazk; nra;J mtu;fSf;F Kd;du; ,Ue;jtu;fspd; KbT

vg;gb Mapw;W vd;gij mtu;fs; ghu;f;ftpy;iyah? (47:10)

• nghJg;gz;Gfs; fhzg;glhjNghJ mtw;iwg; gpupj;Jf; fhl;lTk; my;Fu;Md;

jaq;ftpy;iy. ~~jPikfisr; rk;ghjpj;jhu;fNs mtu;fs;> <khd; nfhz;L

ew;nray;fs; Gupe;jhu;fNs mtu;fisg; Nghd;W (kWikapy;) mtu;fisAk;

ehk; Mf;fptpLNthk; vd;W vz;zpf; nfhz;lhu;fsh? mtu;fs; capu; tho;tJk;

mtu;fs; kuzkiltJk; rkkhdjhFk;. mtu;fs; jPu;g;Gr; nra;tJ kpff;

nfl;l jhfptpl;lJ.|| (45:21)

~~mwpe;jtu;fshf ,Ug;gtu;fSk; mwpahkypUg;gtu;fSk; (jk;kpy;)

rkkhthu;fsh?|| (39:9)

• f];mkpa;ah vd;w ngz;kzp egp (]y;) mtu;fsplk;> vdJ je;ij `[;i[

epiwNtw;whJ kuzpj;Jtpl;lhu;. mjid ehd; epiwNtw;wyhkh? vdf; Nfl;f>

cdJ je;ij tpl;Lr; nrd;w flid ePu; epiwNtw;wpdhy; mJ epiwNtWkh?

vd egp (]y;) mtu;fs; tpdtpdhu;fs;. mjw;F mg;ngz; ~Mk;| vdf; $w>

~my;yh`;Tf;Fupa fld; epiwNtw;Wtjw;F kpfTk; cupj;JilaJ| vd egp

(]y;) mtu;fs; gjpyspj;jhu;fs;. (Gfhup)

fpah]; ,];yhkpa \uPmj;jpy; mq;fPfhuk; ngw;wjh?fpah]; ,];yhkpa \uPmj;jpy; mq;fPfhuk; ngw;wjh?fpah]; ,];yhkpa \uPmj;jpy; mq;fPfhuk; ngw;wjh?fpah]; ,];yhkpa \uPmj;jpy; mq;fPfhuk; ngw;wjh?fpah]; ,];yhkpa \uPmj;jpy; mq;fPfhuk; ngw;wjh?

• ,t;tplak; njhlu;ghf %d;W fUj;Jf;fSk; mjid xl;ba nraw;ghLfSk;

,];yhkpa rl;l mwpQu;fs; kj;jpapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

1. fpahi] xU rl;l%yhjhukhf Vw;wy; Ntz;Lk;. my;Fu;MdpNyh> ]{d;dhtp

Nyh> ]`hghf;fspd; fUj;Jf;fspNyh> ,[;khctpNyh jPu;g;G vJTk;

fhzg;glhjNghJ Njitf;Nfw;g ,jidg; gpuNahfpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

,f;fUj;ijNa ngUk;ghyhd rl;l mwpQu;fs; nfhz;Ls;sdu;.

2. ,];yhkpa rl;lf; fiyapy; fpah];> mwNt mq;fPfupf;fg;glhj xd;whFk;.

,f;fUj;ij sh`puP kj;̀ gpdUk; \PM ,khkpahf;fSk; $Wfpd;wdu;. sh`puP

kj;̀ gpdu;> rl;l trdq;fSf;Ff; fhuzk; fw;gpg;gij KOikahf vjpu;j;jdu;.

xt;nthU trdj;ijAk; ntspg;gilahfNt Nehf;f Ntz;Lk; vd mtu;fs;

fUjpdu;.

3. kj;`Gfis gpd;gw;Wk; rpyu;> fpahi] msTkPwpg; gad;gLj;jpdu;. nghJj;

jd;ikapy; xd;Wglhj ,U tplaq;fspy; type;J mjid xd;WgLj;j

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Kide;jdu;. rpyNghJ> Fwpg;ghf khypf; kj;̀ gpdu; my;Fu;Md;> ]{d;dhtpy;

nghJthf te;jtw;iw fpah]; Fwpg;ghf;Fk; vd;wstpw;Ff; $l nrd;wdu;.

fpah]; \uPmj;jpy; mq;fPfhuk; ngw;wJ vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;fpah]; \uPmj;jpy; mq;fPfhuk; ngw;wJ vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;fpah]; \uPmj;jpy; mq;fPfhuk; ngw;wJ vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;fpah]; \uPmj;jpy; mq;fPfhuk; ngw;wJ vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;fpah]; \uPmj;jpy; mq;fPfhuk; ngw;wJ vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;

• ~~K/kpd;fNs! my;yh`;Tf;F topg;gLq;fs;. ,d;Dk; (mtd;) w]_Yf;Fk;

cq;fspy; mjpfhuk; cilatUf;Fk; topg;gLq;fs;. VNjDk; xU tp\aj;jpy;

gpzq;fpf; nfhz;lhy; my;yh`;itAk; ,WjpehisAk; ePq;fs; <khd;

nfhs;gtu;fshf ,Ue;jhy;. mjid my;yh`;tpd; gf;fKk; (mtd;) u]_ypd;

gf;fKk; jpUg;gp tpLq;fs;. ,J cq;fSf;F kpfr; rpwe;jjhfTk;> kpf mofpa

KbthfTk; ,Uf;Fk;.|| (4:59). ,e;j ,iwtrdj;jpy;> my;yh ;̀tplKk; mtdJ

J}juplKk; jpUk;gpr; nry;tJ vd;gJ Gjpa gpur;rpidf;Fr; rl;lk; NjLk;NghJ

rl;l trdq;fSf;fhd fhuzq;fisj; Njb mjd; %yk; jPu;g;Gg; ngWtijf;

Fwpf;Fk;. ,jidNa fpah]; vd;fpd;Nwhk;.

• my;Fu;MNd gy;NtW rl;lq;fSf;Fupa fhuzq;fisAk; nghJj;

jd;ikfisAk; vLj;Jf; $Wfpd;wJ. cjhuzkhf:

fdPkj; nghUl;fs; gyuplKk; gpupe;J nry;y Ntz;bajw;fhd fhuzk;:

~~(Vnddpy; nghUs;) cq;fspy; nry;te;ju;fSf;F kj;jpapy; (kl;Lk;) Rw;wp

tUtjha; MfhkypUg;gjw;fhf...|| (59:7)

• kJTk; #jhl;lKk; jilnra;ag;gl;ljw;fhd fhuzk;: ~~i\j;jhd; tpUk;Gt

njy;yhk;> kJtpdhYk; #jhl;lj;jpdhYk; cq;fSf;fpilNa gifikiaAk;

ntWg;igAk; cz;lhf;Ftjw;Fk; my;yh ;̀Tila jpf;iu tpl;Lk; njhOifia

tpl;Lk; cq;fis mtd; jLg;gjw;FNkahFk;.|| (5:91)

• ]{d;dhTk; rl;lq;fSf;Fupa fhuzq;fis Kd;itf;fpd;wJ. cjhuzkhf:

xUtu; gpwuJ tPl;by; Eiotjw;F Kd; mDkjp Nfl;ly; Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhd

fhuzk; : ~~ghu ;it fhuzkhfNt mDkjp NfhuNtz;Lk ; vd

cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.||

• ]`hghf;fs; fpahi] Vw;Wr; nraw;gLtjhf ,[;khthd KbntLj;jpUe;jdu;.

me;j mbg;gilapy;jhd; mg+gf;u; (uop) mtu;fs; njhOiff;F ,khkj; nra;tij

fpyhgj;Jf;Fj; jFjp ngWtjw;fhd fhuzkhf ]`hghf;fs; fUjpdu;.

• rpy K/j]pyhf;fs;> sh`pupa;ahf;fs;> ,khkpahf;fs; Nghd;Nwhu; fpah];

\uPmj;jpd; mq;fPfhuk; ngw;wjy;y vdf; $Wfpd;wdu;.

mu;fhDy; fpah];mu;fhDy; fpah];mu;fhDy; fpah];mu;fhDy; fpah];mu;fhDy; fpah];

• fpah]; ehd;F mbg;gilfisf; nfhz;lJ.

1 .1 .1 .1 .1 . m];y;:m];y;:m];y;:m];y;:m];y;: ,];yhkpa rl;l %yhjhuq;fspdhy; njspthf rl;lk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s

tplak;. ,e;j mbg;gil my;Fu;Md; my;yJ ]{d;dh my;yJ ,[;khctpy;

te;jjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ngUk;ghyhd mwpQu;fspd; fUj;jhFk;.

,[;khctpw;F cjhuzk;:

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• gUt taijaile;j> rPu;ikahd> Gj;jpAs;s ngz;Zf;F mtsJ

nrhj;Jf;fis itj;jpUf;Fk; g+uz cupikAz;L. mt;tplaj;jpy; ahUk;

jiyapl KbahJ vd;w ,[;khthd Kbit itj;J> mt;thwhd ngz;

tpUk;ghj xUtiu mtSf;Fj; jpUkzk; nra;J itf;f KbahJ. mtSf;F

jdJ fztidj; njupT nra;J Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; g+uz cupik cz;L

vd;w jPu;khdk; vLf;fg;gl;lJ.

2 .2 .2 .2 .2 . gu;c:gu;c:gu;c:gu;c:gu;c: jPu;T fhz Ntz;ba Gjpa gpur;rpid ,jw;F ,uz;L epge;jidfs;

cz;L.

,g;Gjpa gpur;rpidf;F Neubahfr; rl;l trdq;fs; %yk; jPu;g;G tuhjjhf

,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. njspthfj; jPu;g;G ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; fpah];

nry;YgbahfhJ.

gu;ctpy; fhuzk; xd;W ,lk;ngWjy; Ntz;Lk;;. me;jf; fhuzk; m];ypYk;

gu;ctpYk; tpj;jpahrg;glhJ ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

3 .3 .3 .3 .3 . ,y;yj;:,y;yj;:,y;yj;:,y;yj;:,y;yj;: fhuzk;> nghJj; jd;ik

• fpah]pd; Kf;fpa xU $whf ,y;yj; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. mjw;Ff; fPo;tUk;

epge;jidfs; cz;L.

m) ,y;yj; ntspg;gilj; jd;ik nfhz;ljhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

M) ,y;yj; rl;ltpjpapd; epue;jug; gz;ghfTk; vr;re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; khwhjjhfTk;

,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. fhyk;> ,lk;> Neuk;> jdpkdpju;fspd; khw;wj;jpw;Nfw;g

,y;yj; khwhjjhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

,) rl;lj;jpw;Fk; ,y;yj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; kpfr; rupahd nghUj;jg;ghL ,Uj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ mJ cz;ikf; fhuzpahf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

cjhuzkhf kJ jLf;fg;gl;ljw;fhd fhuzk;> mJ Nghij juf; $bajhf

,Ug;gjhFk;. mJ jputnkd;gjdhNyh Fwpj;j epwk; nfhz;ljhf ,Ug;gjdhNyh

md;W.

<) ,y;yj; Fwpj;jnjhd;Wf;fhf vd;wpuhJ kw;nwhd;Wf;Fk; mKyhf;ff;

$bajhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

c) me;j ,y;yj;ij Vw;f KbahJ vdr; rl;l trdk; vJTk;

te;jpUf;ff;$lhJ. mjhtJ rl;l trdj;jpw;F Kuzhd Xu; ,y;yj;ijf;

nfhz;L tu KbahJ.

4 .4 .4 .4 .4 . `{Fk;:`{Fk;:`{Fk;:`{Fk;:`{Fk;: rl;lk;

• my;Fu;Md;> m];]{d;dh> ,[;kh vd;Dk; rl;l %yhjhuq;fspd; Clhfg;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l rl;lq;fs; `{Fk; vdg;gLk;. ,t;thwhd rl;lq;fisg;

Gjpa gpur;rpidf;Fg; nghUj;JtNj fpah]pd; gzpahFk;. mjw;Ff; fPo;tUk;

epge;jidfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

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m) mJ eilKiw tho;T njhlu;ghd rl;lq;fshf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

M) khw;wg;gl;l (kd;#f; nra;ag;gl;l) rl;ltpjpahf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ.

,) rl;ltpjpfSf;Fupa fhuzj;ijg; gFj;jwpitf; nfhz;L mwpaf; $bajhf

,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

<) Fwpj;j rpy egu;fSf;nfd mike;j rl;ltpjpfshf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ.

fpah]pd; tiffs;fpah]pd; tiffs;fpah]pd; tiffs;fpah]pd; tiffs;fpah]pd; tiffs;

• ,y;yj;jpd; ngWkhdj;ij ikakhf itj;J fpah]; %d;W tifahfg;

gpupAk;.

1 .1 .1 .1 .1 . fpah]{y; mt;yh:fpah]{y; mt;yh:fpah]{y; mt;yh:fpah]{y; mt;yh:fpah]{y; mt;yh:

gu;ctpy; fhzg;gLk; ,y;yj; m];ypd; ,y;yj;ij tpl ngWkhdj;jpy; $Ljyhf

,Uj;jy;.

cjhuzk; : ngw;NwhUf;Fj; Jd;GWj;jy; nra;tijj; jLj;Js;s>

~~mtu;fspUtUf;F eP ~rP| vd;Wk; $wptplhNj|| (17:23) vd;w trdj;jpy;

thu;j;ij uPjpahfj; Jd;GWj;jy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjid tpl mtu;fSf;F

rhl;ilahy; mbg;gJ fLikahdJ. xU K/kpidg; gw;wp ey;yjhfNt

vz;Zjy; Ntz;Lk; vd;w `jP]pypUe;J mtidg; gw;wpg; NgRk;NghJk;

ey;yijNa Ngr Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ NkyhdJ vd;w fUj;ijg; ngwyhk;.

2 .2 .2 .2 .2 . fpah]{y; K]htP:fpah]{y; K]htP:fpah]{y; K]htP:fpah]{y; K]htP:fpah]{y; K]htP:

m];ypYk; gu;ctpYk; ,Uf;Fk; ,y;yj; rkkhd ngWkhdk; nfhz;ljhf

,Uj;jy;. cjhuzk;: eha; ef;fpa ghj;jpuj;ij VOKiw fOTkhW `jP];

$WfpwJ. gd;wp ef;fpdhYk; mt;thW VOKiw fOTjy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ

rkkhd fpah]pd; %yk; ngwg;gl;ljhFk;.

3 .3 .3 .3 .3 . fpah]{y; mj;dh:fpah]{y; mj;dh:fpah]{y; mj;dh:fpah]{y; mj;dh:fpah]{y; mj;dh:

m];iy tplTk; gu;ctpy; cs;s ,y;yj;jpd; ngWkhdk; Fiwthdjhf

,Uj;jy;.

cjhuzk;: Nghij Vw;gLj;Jjy; vd;gJ kJrhuk; jLf;fg;gl;ljw;fhd

fhuzkhFk;.

rpy kJrhuq;fspy; Nghijapd; tPjk; Fiwthf ,Ug;gpDk; mjw;F `uhk;

vd;w rl;lNk toq;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

fpah]pd; gad;fs;fpah]pd; gad;fs;fpah]pd; gad;fs;fpah]pd; gad;fs;fpah]pd; gad;fs;

• ,];yhkpa rl;lf; fiy tsu;r;rpf;Fj; Jiz nra;fpwJ.

• Gjpjhfj; Njhd;Wk; gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPu;T ngw cjTfpwJ.

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• vy;yhf; fhyj;jpYk; Njhd;Wk; gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPu;T ngw KbAk; vd;w

fUj;ij cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ.

• ,];yhj;jpd; ,af;f rf;jpiag; Ngz topnra;fpwJ.

my; ,];jp`;]hdmy; ,];jp`;]hdmy; ,];jp`;]hdmy; ,];jp`;]hdmy; ,];jp`;]hd;

• my; ,];jp`;]hd; nkhopf;fUj;jpy; ey;ynjd> rpwe;jnjd> mofhdnjd

fhzy;/ fUJjy; vdg; nghUs;gLk;.

• ,jw;Fg; gy tiutpyf;fzq;fs; $wg;gLfpd;wd. mtw;Ws;

m) ~xU fpahi] tpl;Lk; ePq;fp mjidtplg; gykhd xU fpahi]

Nehf;fpr; nry;tjhFk;.|

mjhtJ fpah]; rpy ,lq;fspy; nghUj;jkpy;yhJ mikAk;. rpy NghJ

mjd; gpuNahfj;ij tpl;Ltpl Ntz;b Vw;gLk;. mg;NghJ fpahi] tpl;Lg;

gpwpnjhU jPu;Tf;F tUk; Kaw;rpNa ,];jp`;]hd; MFk;.

M) ~Fwpg;gpl;l Mjhuk; Kd;itf;fpd;w rl;lj;jPu;g;Gf;Fg; gfukhf kdpju;fsJ

eyd;fUjp mtu;fsJ tho;tpy; fhzg;gLk; kuG> tof;F vd;gtw;iw

Nehf;fpr; nry;tNj ,];jp`;]hd; MFk;.|

• ,];jp`;]hd; kdpj Mir> tpUg;G> ntWg;G> kNdh ,r;ir Mfpatw;iwf;

nfhz;like;jjd;W vd;gij tiutpyf;fzq;fs; njspTgLj;Jfpd;wd.

• khypfp> `dgp kj;`gpdu; ,ij mwpKfg;gLj;jpAs;sdu;. vdpDk; \hgp<>

`k;gyp kj;`gpdu; ,ij xU rl;l %yhjhukhff; nfhs;tjpy;iy.

,];jp`;]hd; tiffs;,];jp`;]hd; tiffs;,];jp`;]hd; tiffs;,];jp`;]hd; tiffs;,];jp`;]hd; tiffs;

m). ntspg;gilahf ,Uf;Fk; fpahi] tpl;Ltpl;L kiwe;jpUf;Fk; fpah]pw;Fr;

nrd;W KbT $wy;.

cjhuzk:; fOF> fhfk;> gUe;J Nghd;w Ntl;ilg;gwitfs; mUe;jpajd;

gpd;G vQ;Rfpd;w ePu; Rj;jkhdJ vd ,];jp`;]hd; mbg;gilapy; jPu;T

ngwg;gLfpwJ.

• ,q;F Ntl;ilg;gwitfs; mUe;jpa gpd;du; vQ;rpa ePiu> kdpjd; mUe;jpa

gpd; vQ;rpa ePUlNd xg;gpl;L KbT ngwg;gl;Ls;sJ. Vnddpy; kdpjd;

mUe;jpa gpd; vQ;rpa ePu; Rj;jkhdjhFk;. kdpjd; thahy; mUe;Jfpd;whd;

mtdJ tha; Rj;jkhdjhFk;. NkNy nrhd;d gwitfs; jdJ

myFfspdhNyNa mUe;J fpd;wd. mtw;wpd; myFfs; Rj;jkhdNjahFk;.

mt;tyFfspy; gbAk; ,uj;jNkh vr;rpNyh mt;tyFfis mRj;jkhf;fhJ.

• Mdhy; ehk; ntspg;gilahfg; ghu;j;jhy; Ntl;ilg;gwitfs; mUe;jpajd;

gpd; vQ;Rfpd;w ePiu> Ntl;il kpUfq;fs; mUe;jpajd; gpd; vQ;Rfpd;w

ePUlNd xg;gpl Ntz;Lk;. mk;kpUfq;fspd; thapy; cs;s vr;rpy; ePUld;

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fyf;Fk;. mtw;wpd; vr;rpy; e[P]; vd;gjhy; ePu; e[P]; vd;w Kbtpw;Nf

tuNtz;baJ Nghd;W Njhd;Wk;.

,q;F ntspg;gilahd fpahi] tpl;Ltpl;L kiwthd fpah]pd; (kdpjDld;

xg;gply;) %yNk jPu;T ngwg;gl;Ls;sJ.

M) nghJ tpjpahf te;Js;s Kbtpw;Fg; gfukhf rpwpanjhU eyDf;F

Kd;Dupik toq;Ftjd; %yk; xU Kbitg; ngwy;.

~e[Pi] KOikahf mfw;wpdhNy Rj;jkhFk; vd;gJ nghJ tpjpahFk;.

vdpDk; fpzw;wpy; VNjDk; e[P]; tpOe;Jtpl;lhy; xU rpy thsp ePiu

khj;jpuNk ms;sp tpLfpd;Nwhk;; ,J ,];jp`;]hd; o&up MFk;.

~kilad; nra;fpd;w tf;g; Vw;Wf; nfs;sg;glkhl;lhJ vd;gJ nghJ tpjpahFk;.

vdpDk; k];y`hitf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L mtdJ tho;tpy; mtd; nra;Ak;

tf;g; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. ,J ,];jp`;]hd;; k];y`p MFk;.

,];jp`;]hd; rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs,];jp`;]hd; rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs,];jp`;]hd; rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs,];jp`;]hd; rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs,];jp`;]hd; rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;.

m). ,];jp`;]hd; jdpahd rl;l %yhjhukd;W. mJ fpahi] my;yJ

cUig rhu;e;J mike;jnthd;whFk;.

M) `dgp> khypfp kj;̀ igr; rhu;e;Njhu; ,jid mjpfk; gad;gLj;jpAs;sdu;.

,) ~mwpitg; gj;Jg;ghfq;fshfg; gpupj;J Nehf;fpdhy; ,];jp ;̀]hd; xd;gJ

ghfq;fshf mikAk;.| vd ,khk; khypf;(u`;) $wpAs;shu;.

<) ~KOikahf fpah]py; %o;fptpLgtu; egp mtu;fspd; ]{d;dhtpw;F

ntspNa nrd;Wtpl KbAk;. ,];jp̀ ;]hd; mwptpd; J}zhFk;.|vd;gJ

,khk; khypfpd; khztdhd ,];gh vd;gtupd; fUj;jhFk;.

c) ~,khk; mg+`dPghtpd; khzth;fs; fpah]py; VNjDk; ru;r;irfisf;

fpsg;gpdhy; ehd; ,];jp`;]hDf;Fr; nry;fpNwd;. mg;NghJ vtUk;

vjidAk; $w khl;lhu;fs;.| vd K`k;kj; ,g;D ̀ ]d; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;.

C) ,];jp`;]hd; %yk; jPu;T ngWfpd;w NghJ fpah];> cu;G> k];y`h

vd;gd fUj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd. mit rl;l %yhjhuq;fs; vd;w

tifapy; ,];jp`;]hDk; $l %yhjhuNkahFk;.

,];jp`;]hd; rl;l %yhjhukhf Vw;f kWg;Nghu; Kd;itf;Fk; epahaq;fs;.,];jp`;]hd; rl;l %yhjhukhf Vw;f kWg;Nghu; Kd;itf;Fk; epahaq;fs;.,];jp`;]hd; rl;l %yhjhukhf Vw;f kWg;Nghu; Kd;itf;Fk; epahaq;fs;.,];jp`;]hd; rl;l %yhjhukhf Vw;f kWg;Nghu; Kd;itf;Fk; epahaq;fs;.,];jp`;]hd; rl;l %yhjhukhf Vw;f kWg;Nghu; Kd;itf;Fk; epahaq;fs;.

m). vtu; xd;iwr; rpwe;jnjdf;fUjp KbntLf;fpd;whNuh mtu;

rl;lkpaw;wpatuhf khWfpd;whu;. rl;lkpaw;Wk; mjpfhuk; mbahDf;fpy;iy.

mJ my;yh`;Tf;F khj;jpuk; cupajhFk;.

M) rpwe;jnjd xUtu; fUJtjhdJ mtuJ tpUg;G ntWg;igr; rhu;e;jjhFk;.

tpUg;G ntWg;ghdJ rl;lj;jpYk; NtWghl;ilj; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;. vtUk;

xU Fwpj;j jpiria Nehf;fp mjd; gf;fNk f/gh ,Uf;fpd;wJ

vdf;fUjpj; njho KbahJ.

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,) ePq;fs; my;yh`;Tf;Fk; mtdJ J}jUf;Fk; ~cYy;mk;u;| fSf;Fk;

topg;gl;L elTq;fs;. (tpRthrpfNs) cq;fSf;Fs; ahnjhU tplaj;jpy;

gpzf;F Vw;gl;lhy; mjid my;yh ;̀tplKk; mtdJ J}juplKk; xg;gilj;J

tpLq;fs;.(4:59) vdNt ,t;trdkhdJ ,];jp`;]hd; gf;fk; jpUk;Gk; gb

gzpf;ftpy;iy.

<) egp K`k;kJ (]y;) mtu;fs; cau;e;j mwpTj; juj;jpy; ,Ue;Jk; $l

,];jp`;]hidg; gad;gLj;jtpy;iy.

c) ntWkNd mwpTf;Fk; ,];jp̀ ;]hDf;Fk; ,lk; nfhLj;jhy; jFjpaw;NwhUk;

,[;jp`hj; nra;a Kw;glyhk;.

KbTKbTKbTKbTKbT

• ,khk; \hgp< (w`;) $WtJ Nghd;W ,];jp`;]hd; vd;gJ ntWkNd

yid khj;jpuk; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L KbntLg;gjy;y. khwhf ,];jp`;]hd;

%yk; jPu;T ngWtJ vd;gJ xd;wpy; cUig my;yJ k];y`hit my;yJ

fpahi] rhu;e;jpUe;J jPu;T ngWtjhFk;. vdNt ntWkNd kNdh,r;irapy;

jq;fhky; Mjhuk; xd;iwj; Jizahff; nfhz;Nl ,];jp`;]hd;

gpuNahfpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

k];y`h Ku;]yh k];y`h Ku;]yh k];y`h Ku;]yh k];y`h Ku;]yh k];y`h Ku;]yh / my; ,];jp];;yh`; my; ,];jp];;yh`; my; ,];jp];;yh`; my; ,];jp];;yh`; my; ,];jp];;yh`;

• \uPmj; kdpj eyd;fhg;gij Nehf;fhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,];jp];yh ;̀ vd;gjd;

fUj;J r%f eyid Mjhukhff; nfhs;tjhFk;.

• Fu;Md; Rd;dhtpd; Nghjidfs; Fwpj;j xU tplak; njhlu;ghf jPu;T nrhy;yhj

NghJ kdpj eyidf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L jPu;T ngWtjidNa ,J Fwpf;Fk;.

• kf;fsJ mj;jpatrpaj; Njitfs;> rhjhuzj;; Njitfs;> Nkyjpfj; Njitfs;

vd;gtw;iw epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;tjd; %yk; kf;fs; eyd; fhj;jiyNa ,J

Fwpf;Fk;.

• k];y`h mbg;gilapy; ngwg;gl;l jPu;TfSf;F cjhuzq;fshf

- my;Fu;Md; xd;W jpul;lg;gl;lik

- rpiwr;rhiyfs; cUthf;fg;gl;lik

- ehzaq;fs; ntspaplg;gl;lik

Nghd;wtw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

k];y`h xU rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;k];y`h xU rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;k];y`h xU rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;k];y`h xU rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;k];y`h xU rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;

1. \uPmj; kf;fsJ rpukq;fis ePf;fp mtu;fSf;F ed;ik gag;gjidNa

Nehf;fhff; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ vd;wtifapy; Gjpjhfj; Njhd;Wk;

gpur;rpidfSf;F kdpj eyd;fis cj;Njrpj;J jPu;T toq;FtJ \uPMtpd;

Nehf;fj;Jf;F ,ize;jjhf mike;Js;sJ.

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2. ]`hghf;fs; k];y`h Ku;]yhit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L nraw;gl;L

te;Js;shu;fs;. mG+gf;u; (uop) jdf;Fg; gpd; cku; (uop) mtu;fis mLj;j

fyPghthf epakpj;jik> Fu;Md; jpul;lg;gl;lik Nghd;wtw;iw ,jw;F

cjhuzkhff; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

k];y`h Ku;]yh mbg;gilapy; jPu;T ngWtjw;F mwpQu;fs; Kd;itj;k];y`h Ku;]yh mbg;gilapy; jPu;T ngWtjw;F mwpQu;fs; Kd;itj;k];y`h Ku;]yh mbg;gilapy; jPu;T ngWtjw;F mwpQu;fs; Kd;itj;k];y`h Ku;]yh mbg;gilapy; jPu;T ngWtjw;F mwpQu;fs; Kd;itj;k];y`h Ku;]yh mbg;gilapy; jPu;T ngWtjw;F mwpQu;fs; Kd;itj;

Js;s epge;jidfshtdJs;s epge;jidfshtdJs;s epge;jidfshtdJs;s epge;jidfshtdJs;s epge;jidfshtd

1. k];y`h / eyd; ajhu;j;jkhdjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; mJ gpuikapd;

mbg;gilapy; mike;jjhf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ

2. k];y`h / eyd; vy;NyhUf;Fk; nghJthdjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;

3. k];y`h / eyd; \uPMtpd; Nehf;fq;fSf;F ,iae;jjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;

4. xU f\;lj;ij ePf;Ftjhf my;yJ xU eyidf; fhg;gjhf k];y`h

mikjy; Ntz;Lk;

,];jp];`hg;,];jp];`hg;,];jp];`hg;,];jp];`hg;,];jp];`hg;

• ,];jp];`hg; vd;w gjk; nkhopuPjpahf ,ize;J nry;yy;> Njhoik g+zy;

vd;w nkhopf;fUj;ijj; jUfpd;wJ.

,];yhkpa gupghirapy; Vw;fdNt cWjpahf epWtg;gl;l xU tplaj;ij

my;yJ kWf;fg;gl;l xU tplaj;ijj; njhlu;e;Jk; mNj epiyapy; itj;Jf;

nfhs;tijNa ,J Fwpf;Fk;.

• ~,Uf;fpd;w xd;iwj; njhlu;e;J itj;jpUj;jy;> cWjpahd xd;iwj; njhlu;e;J

itj;jpUj;jy;> jLf;fg;gl;l xd;iwj; njhlu;e;J jLj;J itj;jy; vd;gNj

,];jp];`hg; MFk;| vd ,khk; ,g;Dy; ifa+k; tpsf;fpAs;shu;.

,];jp];`hg; rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;,];jp];`hg; rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;,];jp];`hg; rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;,];jp];`hg; rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;,];jp];`hg; rl;l %yhjhuk; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;

• fle;j fhyj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l Xu; mk;rk; njhlu;e;Jk; ,Uf;Fk; vd;gJ Xu;

vspa cz;ikahFk;. mjdbg;gilapNyNa kdpj eltbf;iffSk; mike;J

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. FLk;gj;ij tpl;L J}u ,lnkhd;wpw;F xUtu; nrd;Wtpl;lhy;

mtu; capUld; ,Uf;fpwhu;@ jpUk;gp tUthu; vd;w mbg;gilapNyNa

FLk;gj;jtu;fs; ele;J nfhs;fpd;whu;fs;. mtu; kuzpj;Jtpl;lhu; vd;gjw;F

Mjhuk; fpilf;Fk; tiu mtu; capUld; ,Uf;fpwhu; vd;w fUJNfhspd;

mbg;gilapNy FLk;gj;jtu;fs; njhopw;gLtu;.

• \uPM rl;lnkhd;W mJ khw;wg;gl;L tpl;lJ vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuk; Njhd;Wk;

tiuapy; mJ khw;wg;gltpy;iy vd;Nw fzpf;fg;gLfpwJ. kJghdk;

tpdhf;fpupahf khWk; tiu mJ `uhkhdJ vd;Wk;> jpUkz xg;ge;jk;

xd;W Kwpf;fg;gLk; tiuapy; fztd; kidtp cwT `yhnydTk;

fzpf;fg;gLtij Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.

• NkYk; ukohd; gpiw njd;glhtpl;lhy; \/ghd; khjk; 30 ehl;fs; vdf;

fzpf;fg;gLtJ ,];jp];`hg; mbg;gilapyhFk;.

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,];jp];`hg; tpjpKiwfs;,];jp];`hg; tpjpKiwfs;,];jp];`hg; tpjpKiwfs;,];jp];`hg; tpjpKiwfs;,];jp];`hg; tpjpKiwfs;

1. xU tplak; mJ khw;wg;gl;L tpl;lJ vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuk; fpilf;Fk;

tiuapy; njhlu;e;Jk; mNj epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk;

2. mbg;gilapy; midj;Jg; nghUl;fSk; mDkjpf;fg;gl;ljhFk;.

3. mbg;gilapy; kdpjd; Fw;wkw;wtdhf fUjg;gLthd;.

4. cWjpahd xU epiyg;ghl;il ,ilapy; Vw;gLk; re;Njfk; khw;wptpl khl;lhJ.

cjhuzk;:cjhuzk;:cjhuzk;:cjhuzk;:cjhuzk;:

TO nra;jik gw;wp cWjpahd ek;gpf;ifAld; cs;s xUtUf;F jdJ

TO Kwpe;J tpl;lNjh vd re;Njfk; Vw;gbd; mtu; TOTld; cs;stuhfNt

fUjg;gLthu;. ,J ,];jp];`hg; mbg;gilapy; ngwg;gl;l KbthFk;.

,];jp];`hg; vd;gJ xU Gjpa Mjhuk; my;y. Vw;fdNt ,Ue;j xU rl;lk;

njhlu;e;Jk; epiyj;jpUf;fpwJ vd;w mbg;gilapy; ngwg;gl;l xd;whFk;.

my; cu;Gmy; cu;Gmy; cu;Gmy; cu;Gmy; cu;G

,jd; nkhopf; fUj;J kuG vd;gjhFk;.

• xU r%fj;jpy; fzprkhNdhu; jkJ tho;tpy; nrhy; uPjpahf my;yJ nray;

uPjpahfg; gpd;gw;wptUk; kuGfisNa cu;G - tof;fhW vd;fpd;Nwhk;.

• jdp kdpjdJ gof ;f tof ;fq ;fs ; kuGfs; vd;gd cu ;g ; vd

miof;fg;gLtjpy;iy. mit Mjj; vd;Nw miof;fg;gLfpd;wd

my; cu;G ,w;fhd Mjhuq;fs;my; cu;G ,w;fhd Mjhuq;fs;my; cu;G ,w;fhd Mjhuq;fs;my; cu;G ,w;fhd Mjhuq;fs;my; cu;G ,w;fhd Mjhuq;fs;

1. kf;fsplkpUe;J mtu;fshy; nra;a KbAkhd ,yFthd mk;rq;fis Vw;Wf;

nfhs;Sq;fs; NkYk; kf;fs; vy;NyhUf;Fk; guPl;rakhd (tof;fpYs;s)

tplaq;fisNa VTq;fs; (7:199)

2. K];ypk;fs; ey;yit vdf; fUjpaitfs; my;yh`;tplj;jpYk; ey;yitNa

vd mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D k];Cj; (uop) Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;.

3. mg+ ]{g;ahdpd; kidtp `pd;jh egpatu;fsplk; te;J jdJ fztd;

jdf;F nryT nra;Ak; tplaj;jpy; fQ;rj;jdk; fhl;Ltjhf Kiwapl;l Ntis>

egp (]y;) mtu;fs; `pd;jhit tpopj;J@ ckf;Fk; ckJ Foe;ijfSf;Fk;

tof;fkhf vt;tsT gzk; NjitNah me;j msit mg+ ]{g;ahdpd;

nrhj;jpypUe;J vLj;Jf; nfhs;tPuhf@ vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;fs;.

4. Fwpg;gpl;lNjhu; cu;g; - tOf;fhW kdpj eyidg; NgZtjhf my;yJ

mtdJ rpuknkhd;iw ePf;Ftjhf mikAk; NghJ kdpjd; njhlu;e;Jk;

mjid eilKiwg;gLj;Jthd;. eyd;fisg; Ngzp rpukq;fis ePf;FtNj

\uPMtpd; ,yf;fhFk;. cu;Gk; ,j;jifanjhd;whFk;. ,];yhk; mwpKfkhd

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NghJ mugpfsplk; fhzg;gl;l rpy cu;g; tof;fhWfis KOikahfTk;

rpyij khw;wq;fSlDk; mq;fPfupj;jJ.

cjhuzk;

- jpUkzg; nghUj;jk; ghu;j;jy;

- nfhiyf;F jpaj; toq;Fjy;

- f/ghitj; jthg; nra;jy;

- ,j;jh mD\;bj;jy;

cu;gpd; tiffscu;gpd; tiffscu;gpd; tiffscu;gpd; tiffscu;gpd; tiffs;

01. nrhy; rhu;e;jit.

02. nray; rhu;e;jit.

vd tifg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

nrhy; rhu;e;jitnrhy; rhu;e;jitnrhy; rhu;e;jitnrhy; rhu;e;jitnrhy; rhu;e;jit

• rpy nrhw;fisf; Fwpg;gpl;lnjhU fUj;jpy; kuG topahfg; gad;gLj;JtijNa

,J Fwpf;Fk;. cjhuzk; ~my;yh`; kPJ rj;jpakhf ckJ thry;gb

kpjpf;fkhl;Nld;| vd xUtu; rj;jpak; nra;fpwhu;. gpd;du; gpd;gf;ff; fjtpdhy;

mt;tPl;by; Eioe;jhy; mtu; rj;jpaj;ij Kwpj;jtuhfNt fUjg;gLthu;.

mtu; mjw;fhd Fw;wg;gupfhuj;ij epiwNtw;w Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; thry;gb

kpjpf;f khl;Nld; vd;w nrhw;nwhlupd; fUj;J tukhl;Nld; vd;gijf;

Fwpg;gjhFk;.

nray; rhu;e;jitnray; rhu;e;jitnray; rhu;e;jitnray; rhu;e;jitnray; rhu;e;jit

• rpy nraw;ghLfis kuGuPjpahf filg;gpbj;J te;jhy; mjidNa ,J Fwpf;Fk;.

cu;g; Mk;cu;g; Mk;cu;g; Mk;cu;g; Mk;cu;g; Mk;

• cu;g; Mk; vd;gjd; fUj;Jg; nghJthd tof;fhW vd;gjhFk;. mjhtJ

vy;yh ehLfspYk; vy;yh kf;fsplKk; cs;s cUig - tof;fhw;iwf;

Fwpf;Fk;.

• kPd; ,iwr;rp tifiar; rhu;e;jhapDk; cyfpy; vg;gpuNjrj;jpYk; vk;

nkhopapYk; kPd; ,iwr;rp vd;W miog;gjpy;iy. khwhf kPd; vd;Nw

miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

cu;g; fh]cu;g; fh]cu;g; fh]cu;g; fh]cu;g; fh];

• cu;g; fh]; vd;gjd; fUj;J gpuj;jpNafkhd cu;g; vd;gjhFk;. mjhtJ

Fwpg;gpl;lnjhU ,df; FOkj;jpw;F my;yJ r%fj;jpw;F my;yJ gpuNjrj;jpw;F

my;yJ ehl;bw;F cupa gpuj;jpNafkhd tof;fhiwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

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cjhuzk;:

• jdJ thbf;ifahsUf;Fg; nghUl;fisf; flDf;F toq;Fk; tpahghup

mf;flidj; jdJ Gj;jfnkhd;wpy; Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;thu;. Mdhy; mt;thW

vOJk; NghJ ve;jr; rhl;rpaq;fisAk; itj;Jf; nfhs;tjpy;iy. ,J tpahghu

r%fj;jpw;Fupa Xu; cu;g; MFk;.

cu;ig eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd epge;jidfs;cu;ig eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd epge;jidfs;cu;ig eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd epge;jidfs;cu;ig eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd epge;jidfs;cu;ig eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd epge;jidfs;

m). tof;fhwhdJ \uPmj;jpd; njspthd rl;l trdnkhd;Wf;F (e]; fj;,)

Kuzhf mikaf; $lhJ. mt;thW mikAkhapd; mjid cu;g;

gh]pj; vd;Nghk;. cjhuzkhf> my;yh`; tl;bia `uhkhf;fpdhd;

vd;gJ njspthd MjhukhFk;. vdNt tl;bia cu;ghf - tof;fhwhff;

nfhs;s KbahJ.

M). ve;j cu;ig gad;gLj;jp Fwpj;j tplak; mZfg;gLfpd;wNjh mt;tplak;

Njhd;wpa Ntisapy; mt;Tu;Gk; fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,d;Nwy; cu;gpy;

Vw;gLk; khw;wk; rl;lj;jpYk; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;.

Nkyjpf thrpg;Gf;Fupait:Nkyjpf thrpg;Gf;Fupait:Nkyjpf thrpg;Gf;Fupait:Nkyjpf thrpg;Gf;Fupait:Nkyjpf thrpg;Gf;Fupait:

1. mkPd; vk;.I.vk;. (2006) ,];yhkpa rl;lf;fiy %yhjhuq;fs;> ,];yhkpa rl;lf;fiy %yhjhuq;fs;> ,];yhkpa rl;lf;fiy %yhjhuq;fs;> ,];yhkpa rl;lf;fiy %yhjhuq;fs;> ,];yhkpa rl;lf;fiy %yhjhuq;fs;> n`k;khjfk.

2. mkPd; vk;.I.vk;. (1996) ,];yhkpa rl;lf;fiy (xU tuyhw;W Nehf;F),];yhkpa rl;lf;fiy (xU tuyhw;W Nehf;F),];yhkpa rl;lf;fiy (xU tuyhw;W Nehf;F),];yhkpa rl;lf;fiy (xU tuyhw;W Nehf;F),];yhkpa rl;lf;fiy (xU tuyhw;W Nehf;F)>

my; fyk; gjpg;gfk;> NgUtiy.

3. mf;uk; K`k;kj;> eilKiwf;Nfw;w ,];yhk; eilKiwf;Nfw;w ,];yhk; eilKiwf;Nfw;w ,];yhk; eilKiwf;Nfw;w ,];yhk; eilKiwf;Nfw;w ,];yhk; III > (2003)> K]y;khd;

gg;ypNf\d;> g];ahy.

4. kd;]{u; vk;.V.vk;. ,[;kh (,];yhkpa rpe;jid) 19:4 njhlf;fk; 20:04,[;kh (,];yhkpa rpe;jid) 19:4 njhlf;fk; 20:04,[;kh (,];yhkpa rpe;jid) 19:4 njhlf;fk; 20:04,[;kh (,];yhkpa rpe;jid) 19:4 njhlf;fk; 20:04,[;kh (,];yhkpa rpe;jid) 19:4 njhlf;fk; 20:04

tiutiutiutiutiu> esPkpah ,];yhkpa ntspaPl;Lg; gzpafk;.

5. kd;]{u; vk;.V.vk;> fpah];;> (,];yhkpa rpe;jid) 22:03 njhlf;fk; 23:03fpah];;> (,];yhkpa rpe;jid) 22:03 njhlf;fk; 23:03fpah];;> (,];yhkpa rpe;jid) 22:03 njhlf;fk; 23:03fpah];;> (,];yhkpa rpe;jid) 22:03 njhlf;fk; 23:03fpah];;> (,];yhkpa rpe;jid) 22:03 njhlf;fk; 23:03

tiutiutiutiutiu> esPkpah ,];yhkpa ntspaPl;Lg; gzpafk;.

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Nju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rp 0 40 40 40404 ::::: ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ij tsg;gLj;Jtjpy; gq;fhw;wpa,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ij tsg;gLj;Jtjpy; gq;fhw;wpa,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ij tsg;gLj;Jtjpy; gq;fhw;wpa,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ij tsg;gLj;Jtjpy; gq;fhw;wpa,];yhkpa ehfupfj;ij tsg;gLj;Jtjpy; gq;fhw;wpa

fiyfisAk; INuhg;gpa kWkyu;r;rpapy; ,];yhkpafiyfisAk; INuhg;gpa kWkyu;r;rpapy; ,];yhkpafiyfisAk; INuhg;gpa kWkyu;r;rpapy; ,];yhkpafiyfisAk; INuhg;gpa kWkyu;r;rpapy; ,];yhkpafiyfisAk; INuhg;gpa kWkyu;r;rpapy; ,];yhkpa


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 4 .34.34.34.34.3 ::::: fUj;J NtWghLfspd; NghJ filg;gpbf;fNtz;bafUj;J NtWghLfspd; NghJ filg;gpbf;fNtz;bafUj;J NtWghLfspd; NghJ filg;gpbf;fNtz;bafUj;J NtWghLfspd; NghJ filg;gpbf;fNtz;bafUj;J NtWghLfspd; NghJ filg;gpbf;fNtz;ba

xOf;fxOf;fxOf;fxOf;fxOf;f tpjpfis jk; tho;tpy; vLj;J elg;ghu;. tpjpfis jk; tho;tpy; vLj;J elg;ghu;. tpjpfis jk; tho;tpy; vLj;J elg;ghu;. tpjpfis jk; tho;tpy; vLj;J elg;ghu;. tpjpfis jk; tho;tpy; vLj;J elg;ghu;.

ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis : 10: 10: 10: 10: 10


! fUj;J NtWghLfs; Njhd;Wtjw;fhd fhuzq;fis ,dq;fz;L epahapg;ghu;.

! fUj;J NtWghLfspd; NghJ K[;j`pj;fs; gpd;gw;wpa xOf;fq;fis

tpgupg;ghu;.

! fUj;J NtWghLfspd; NghJ xOf Ntz;ba topKiwfis mwpe;J

gpd;gw;Wthu;.

tpla cs;slf;f topfhl;ly; :tpla cs;slf;f topfhl;ly; :tpla cs;slf;f topfhl;ly; :tpla cs;slf;f topfhl;ly; :tpla cs;slf;f topfhl;ly; :

! ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; rl;lj;Jiwapy; fUj;JNtWghLfs; vd;gJ ,ay;ghdJ.

,];yhkpa rl;lf;fiyapy; ,[;jp`hij mbg;gilahf itj;Nj fUj;J

NtWghLfs; Njhw;wk; ngw;wd. my;Fu;MDk; ]{d;dhTk; kpfj; njspthff;

Fwpg;gpLfpd;w rl;lq;fspy; ,Wf;fkhd Nghf;fpidf; nfhz;bUe;j NghjpYk;

m/jy;yhj re;ju;g;gq;fspy; ,];yhkpa rl;lq;fis jhuhs jd;ikNahL

nefpo;e;J nfhLf;Fk; Nghf;fpidNa nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. rl;lf;fiyapd;

Njhw;wk; Kjy; fUj;JNtWghLfSk; tsu;e;J te;jpUg;gij mtjhdpf;fyhk;.

! egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ fhyj;jpy; t`p mUsg;gl;Lf;nfhz;bUe;jikahy;

,[;jp`hj; ngUk;ghYk; mtrpag;gltpy;iy. ,jdhy; egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ

fhyj;jpy; fUj;J NtWghLfs; kpff; FiwthfNt ,lk;ngw;wd. Mdhy; egp

(]y;) mtu;fsJ kuzj;ijj; njhlu;e;J t`papd; tUif epd;Wtpl;lJ.

t p̀apd; fUj;Jf;fis ed;fwpe;j egpj;Njhou;fs; kuzpj;jik> J}u ehLfSf;F

nrd;W tho Kw;gl;lik Nghd;w fhuzq;fspdhy; rl;lq;fspy; Njhd;wpa

fUj;J NtWghLfs; NkYk; tpuptile;jd.

! fUj;J NtWghLfs; ,uz;L Kf;fpa mbg;gilfisf; nfhz;ldthFk;.

! my;Fu;Md; - `jP];fspy; tUk; rl;l trdq;fs; gy fUj;Jf;fisf;

nfhLf;ff;$badthf ,Ue;jik.

! kdpj mwpTj;juKk;> tpsq;Fk; Mw;wYk; tpj;jpahrkhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wik.

! fUj;J NtWghLfs; kdpj ,dj;jpd; Njhw;wj;NjhL Jtq;fptpl;lJ. kdpjdpd;

mwpTj;juNtWghL gpur;rpidfis Vw;gLj;jpd.

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! my;Fu;MdpYk;> ̀ jP]pYk; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s gy trdq;fs; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l

fUj;Jf;fisj; juf;$bait. mt;thNw mwG nkhopapy; xU nrhy; gy

fUj;Jf;fisj; juf; $badthfTk; cs;sd.

! kdpjdJ rpe;jid Mw;wy;> mwpTj; juk;> tpsq;fpf; nfhs;Sk; jd;ik>

gpur;rpidfis mZFk; Kiw> rl;l trdq;fis tpsq;fpf; nfhs;Sk;

Kiw Nghd;wd MSf;fhs; NtWgl;Nl mike;Js;sd. ,J ,iwtdpd;

Vw;ghlhFk;. vdNt Nkw;nrhd;d ,uz;L mk;rq;fSk; fz;bg;ghf rl;lq;fspy;

fUj;J NtWghLfisj; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.

! ,jidg; gpd;tUk; rkd;ghl;bd; %yk; njspthf tpsq;fyhk;.

! gy nghUs; nfhLf;Fk; my;Fu;Md;> ̀ jP]; trdq;fs; + mwpTj;ju Vw;wj;jho;T

= fUj;J NtWghL.

! xNu nghUisNa nfhLf ;Fk ; j p l ; ltl ; lkhd my ;Fu ;

Md;> `jP]; trdq;fs; + Vw;wj;jho;tw;w mwpTj;juq;fs; = xw;Wikahd

fUj;Jf;fs; (fUj;J NtWghbd;ik)

! fUj;J NtWghLfis xopg;gJ vd;gJ rhj;jpakw;wJ. rl;lq;fspy; fhzg;gLk;

fUj;J NtWghLfs; ,ay;ghdit. jtpu;f;f Kbahjit.

! khu;f;f rl;lq;fspy; fUj;J NtWghLfs; vJTk; ,Uf;f $lhJ. Kuz;ghLfs;

Vjkpd;wp vy;NyhUk; xNu rl;lj;ijNa gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lnkd;wpUe;jhy; my;yh ;̀

Fu;MdpYk;> `jP]pYk; vy;yhtw;iwAk; kpfj; njspthf> Jy;ypakhf

tiuaWj;J> jpl;ltl;lkhd xNu fUj;ij khj;jpuk; Kd;itj;jpUg;ghd;.

mt;thNw kdpju;fsJ mwpTj;ju NtWghl;il ePf;fp vy;NyhiuAk; rk mwpTj;

juj;jpy; gilj;jpUg;ghd;. Mdhy; mt;thW ,lk;ngwtpy;iy.

! cjhuzkhf : jyhf; nrhy;yg;gl;l ngz;fs; %d;W FU/ || fhyk; tiu

vjpu;ghu;j;jpUf;fTk;. (2:228) rpy r`hghf;fs; ~~FUc|| vd;w gjj;jpd; fUj;J

~~khjtplha;|| vd;W fUjpdu;. ,d;Dk; rpyu; khjhe;j UJtpypUe;J

J}a;ikahtijAk; Fu;c vd;W fUjpdu;. cku; (uop) > myp (uop)> ,g;D

k];Cj; (uop) mg+ %]h (uop) K[h`pj;> fjhjh> ,f;upkh Nghd;Nwhu;

~Fu;c| vd;gij khjhe;j UJ vd;W fUjpdu;. Map\h (uop) ,khk; \hgp<

(u`;) Nghd;Nwhu; ~Fu;c| vd;gJ khjhe;j UJtpypUe;J ePq;Fjy; vd;W

fUjpdu;. vdNt cku; (uop) mzpiar; rhu;e;Njhu; fUj;Jg;gb %d;whtJ

khjhe;j UJ ntspg;gl;lJk; ,j;jh KbtilAk;. khwhf Map\h (uop)

mzpiar; rhu;e;NjhuJ fUj;Jg;gb %d;whtJ khjhe;j UJtpypUe;J

J}a;ikaile;jJk; ,j;jh KbtilAk;. ,J ]`hghf;fs;> kw;Wk;

]yGfspilNa fUj;J NtWghLfs; fhzg;gl;likia cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

MapDk; mtu;fs; jkf;nfjpuhd fUj;Jf; nfhz;Nlhiu vjpu;f;ftpy;iy>

mtu ;fsJ fUj;Jf ;fs ; mbg ;gilapNyNa gpioahdit vd;W

kWj;Jiuf;fTkpy;iy. ,t;thW ,[;jp`hj; nra;tJ MFnkd;Nw ,tu;fs;

fUjpdhu;fs;.

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! NkNy cjhuzj;jpw;F vLj;Jf; nfhz;l 2:228 trdj;jpw;F ,uz;L

trdq;fSf;F Kd;dhy; ~~jq;fsJ kidtpkhu;fSld; NrUtjpy;iy vd;W

rj;jpak; nra;J nfhz;ltu;fSf;F ehd;F khjq;fs; jhkjpf;f mDkjpAz;L..

(2:226) ,e;j trdj;jpy; my;yh`; ~ehd;F khjq;fs;| vd;W kpfj; njspthf

Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shd;. ,q;F xNu fUj;ijj; juf;$batpjkhf jpl;ltl;lkhf

Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shd;. my;yh ;̀ jyhf;fpw;fhd ,j;jh tplaj;jpy; fUj;J xw;Wik

fhzg;glNtz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;gpapUe;jhy; 2: 226 ,y; njspthf ehd;F

khjq;fs; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghy (2:228) ,d;W %d;W ~FUc| vd;W

Fwpg;gpl;likia %d;W khjq;fs; vd njspthf nrhy;ypapUg;ghd;.

! ,t;thNw my;Fu;Mdpd; NtWgy ,lq;fspYk;> ̀ jP];fspYk; ,j;jifa gy

fUj;Jf;fSf;F ,lk;ghlhd trdq;fs; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sij mtjhdpfyhk;.

! rl;lk; gw;wpa trdq;fspy; mjpfkhdit fUj;J NtWghLfSf;F ,lkspg;gjhf

,Ug;gJ ,jid NkYk; cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ. gy fUj;Jf;fSf;F ,lk; nfhLj;J

kf;fSf;Fr; rl;lq;fspy; tpupe;j trjpfis vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vdTk;> NkYk;

kdpjDf;F Muha;tjw;F - ,[;jp`hj; nra;tjw;F- ,lk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;

vdTk; my;yh`; tpUk;gpAs;shd; vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ.

! egp (]y;) mtu;fs; fhyj;jpYk; mtuJ tghj;jpw;Fg; gpd;du; ]`hghf;fspNlAk;

rl;lq;fspy; fUj;J NtWghLfs; fhzg;gl;ld. mtw;Wf;fhd rpy

cjhuzq;fis Nehf;FNthk;.

1. ,khk; Gfhup> ,g;D cku; mwptpg;gjhf gpd;tUkhW upthaj; nra;fpwhu;.

~~egp (]y;) mtu;fs; mfop Aj;j ehsd;W gpd;tUkhW $wpdhu;fs;. gD}

Fiwohf;fspd; g+kpapNyNa midtUk; m]u; njho Ntz;Lk;. gazj;jpd;

NghJ ghijapy; rpyu; ehk; mq;F Ngha;j;jhd; njho Ntz;Lk; vd;wdu;.

NtW rpyu; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; me;jf; fUj;jpy; $wtpy;iy> vd;W $wp

ghijapNyNa m]iuj; njhOJ nfhz;lhu;fs;. ,t;tplak; egp (]y;)

mtu;fsplk; njuptpf;fg;gl;lNghJ mtu;fs; ahiuAk; fz;bf;ftpy;iy||

,q;F egpatu;fs; m]Uf;F Kd;Ng vjpupfspd; ,lj;ijr; nrd;wila

Ntz;Lnkd;Nw ,t;thW $wpapUf;fpwhu;> khwhf m]u; njhOifia

jhkjg;gLj;JtJ egpapd; Nehf;fkhf ,Uf;f KbahJ vd;W fUjpNahu;

,ilapy; njhOjdu;. VidNahu; egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; $w;wpd; ntspg;gilahd

fUj;ij itj;Jf; nfhz;L Fwpj;j vy;iy mile;j gpd;dNu njhOjdu;.

,U rhuhiuAk; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; rupfz;L> mq;fPfupj;jhu;fs;.

! c-k; : ,khk; mg+jht+j; (u`;)> mg+ ]<j; my;Fj;up (uop) mwptpj;jjhf

upthaj; nra;fpwhu;. ~~ ,U ]`hghf;fs; gpuahzk; nra;jdu;. gpuahzj;jpd;

NghJ njhOifapd; NeukhfpaJ. Mdhy; TO nra;tjw;fhd ePu; mtu;fSf;F

fpilf;ftpy;iy. vdNt ,UtUk; Rj;jkhd kz;zhy; jak;Kk; nra;J

njhOjjd; gpd;du; mj;njhOiff;Fupa Neuj;jpy; ,UtUf;Fk; ePu; fpilj;jJ.

mtu;fspd; xUtu; kPz;Lk; TO nra;J njhOifiaAk; kPl;bj; njhOjhu;.

Mdhy; kw;wtu; kPl;bj; njhotpy;iy. ,jid mtu;fs; egp (]y;) mtu;fsplk;

te;J $wpdhu;> mg;NghJ egp (]y;) mtu;fs; njhOifia kPl;bj;

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njhohjtiug; ghu;j;J ~ePu;| ]{d;dhtpd;gbNa ele;J nfhz;Bu;> ckJ

njhOif epiwNtwptpl;lJ vd;whu;fs;. njhOifia kPl;bj; njhOj kw;wtiug;

ghu;j;J ~ckf;F ,uz;L Kiw $yp cz;L| vd;W $wpdhu;fs;.

! c-k; ,khk; ig`fp (u`;) ($wpajhf) upthaj; nra;fpwhu; ~~,iwj;J}ju;

(]y;) mtu;fspd; Njhou;fshfpa ehq;fs; (ukohd; fhyj;jpy;) gpuahzj;jpy;

<Lgl;bUe;Njhk; mg;NghJ vq;fspy; Nehd;G Nehw;NwhUk; ,Ue;jdu;.

Nehw;fhNjhUk; ,Ue;jdu;. ,d;Dk; vq;fspy; njhOifiar; RUf;fpj;

njhONthUk; ,Ue;jdu;. RUf;fhJ KOikahfj; njhONthUk; ,Ue;jdu;.

Mdhy; Nehd;ghsp Nehd;G Nehw;fhjtiuNah> Nehd;G Nehw;wtu; Nehd;G

Nehw;fhjtiuNah> RUf;fpj; njhOjtu; RUf;fpj; njhohjtiuNah> RUf;fpj;

njhohjtu; RUf;fpj; njhOjtiuNah Fiw$wtpy;iy.

! egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; tghj;jpd; gpd;du; ]`hghf;fspilNa fUj;J

NtWghLfs; mjpfk; Njhd;wpd. K[;j`pj;fspd; fUj;J NtWghLfSf;F

]`hghf;fspd; fUj;J NtWghLfs; topNfhypd.

! egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; tghj;ij njhlu;e;J> ]`hghf;fspilNa Njhd;wpa

fUj;J NtWghLfSf;Fg; gpd;tUtd rpy cjhuzq;fshFk;.

1. egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ tghj;jpd; ajhu;j;jk; Fwpj;J cku; (uop) mg+gf;u;

(uop) ,ilNa epytpa fUj;J NtWghL.

2. egp (]y;) mtu;fis vq;Nf ey;ylf;fk; nra;tJ vd;gJ Fwpj;J Njhd;wpa

fUj;JNtWghL.

3. egpf;F gpd; ahiu fyPghthf njupT nra;tJ vd;gjpy; Njhd;wpa fUj;J

NtWghL.

4. ]fhj; toq;f kWj;Njhu; Fwpj;J mg+gf;u; (uop) cku; (uop) ,ilNa epytpa

fUj;J NtWghL.

5. ifg;gw;wg;gl;l epyq;fis ahJ nra;tJ vd;gJ Fwpj;J cku; (uop) mg+gf;u;

(uop) ,ilNa Vw;gl;l fUj;J NtWghL.

! ,t;thW egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ fhyj;jpYk;> ]`hghf;fs; fhyj;jpYk;>

jhgp<d;fs; fhyj;jpYk; mjidj; njhlu;e;J te;j gy;NtWgl;l fhyq;fspYk;

fUj;JNtWghLfs; vd;gJ jtpu;f;f Kbahj Xu; mk;rk; vd;gjid ,];yhkpa

rl;lf;fiy tsu;r;rpiaf; Fwpj;J Nehf;Fk; xUtu; njspthfg; Gupe;J nfhs;thu;.

mit ,];yhkpa rl;lj;Jiwapy; tprhypj;j jd;ikf;Fk;> jhuhs Nghf;fpw;Fk;>

kdpj tho;tpd; nrsfupaj;jpw;Fk; toptFj;jd vd;gij epahakhf Nehf;Fk;

vtUk; kWf;f khl;lhu;. cku; ,g;D mg;Jy; m]P]; (u`;) mtu;fsJ $w;W

,jw;F NkYk; tYt+l;LfpwJ. ~~egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; Njhou;fs; jq;fspilNa

fUj;JNtWghL nfhs;shky; ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; mJ vdf;Fr; re;Njhrj;ijj;

je;jpUf;fhJ. Vnddpy; mtu;fs; fUj;J NtWghL nfhs;shky; ,Ue;jpUe;jhy;

ekf;Fg; gy mDkjpfs; (rYiffs;) fpilj;jpUf;fhJ||

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! fUj;J NtWghLfs; Njhd;Wtjw;fhd fhuzq;fs;. mwpQu;fs; rl;lq;fspy;

fUj;J NtWghLfs; Njhd;Wtjw;fhd fhuzq;fisg; gy;NtW tifapy;

tpsf;fpAs;sdu; . mtw;iwj; njhFj;J Nehf;Fk; NghJ ehd;F

mbg;gilfspNyNa mit vOe;Js;sd. Vida Jizf; fhuzpfs;

mtw;wpypUe;Nj gpupe;J nry;tjid mtjhdpf;fyhk;.

1. xU Fwpg;gpl;l `jPi] cWjpg;gLj;Jtjpy; cz;lhFk; fUj;J NtWghL.

! Fwpg;gpl;l `jP]; Xu; ,khKf;F fpilj;jpUf;Fk;. kw;Nwhu; ,khKf;F

fpilj;jpUf;fhJ. rpyNghJ fpilj;jpUe;jhYk; mtiug; nghWj;jtiu mJ

Mjuhug+u;tkhf ,Uf;fhJ. kw;wtu; mjid Mjhug+u;tkhff; fUjpapUg;ghu;.

,jw;Ff; fhuzk; ̀ jP]; mwptpg;ghsu;fspd; epiy> jifik gw;wpa Ma;tpy;

Vw;gLk; fUj;J NtWghlhFk;. Fwpj;j ̀ jPi] Mjhug+u;tkhdnjd;W epWtTk;

mtu;fsplk; tpjpfSk; mbg;gilfSk; ,Uf;Fk;. Fwpj;j `jP]pd; fUj;ij

tpsf;Ftjw;Fk; ,Nj tifahd tpjpfSk; mbg;gilfSk; mtu;fsplKz;L.

,e;j mbg;gil tpjpfSk; ,khk;fsplk; NtWgl;litahf ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,jdhy;

xUtu; ,d;ndhUtupd; fUj;ij Vw;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w epu;g;ge;jk; ,y;iy.

2. rl;l trdj;ij (e];]pd;) tpsf;Ftjpy; Vw;gLk; fUj;J NtWghL.

! rl;l trdq;fis tpsf;Ftjpy; mwpQu;fspilNa fUj; NtWghL ,Uf;fyhk;.

,J rl;ljpl;lq;fspy; tpj;jpahrkhd KbTfisj; Njhw;Wtpf;fyhk;. Vnddpy;

nkhopapy; xU jpl;ltl;lkhd fUj;ijj; jUk; tpsf;fq;fSKz;L. mt;thNw

gy fUj;Jf;fisj; juf;$ba nrhw;fSk; cz;L. cjhuzkhf mwG nkhopapy;

~my; ma;d;| vd;w nrhy; fz;> eP&w;W> csthsp Nghd;w gy;NtW fUj;Jf;fspy;

gpuNahfpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,g;gbahd trdq;fs; rl;l trdq;fspy; ,lk;ngWk;

NghJ mJNt fUj;J NtWghl;Lf;Ff; fhuzkhf mike;J tpLfpd;wJ.

my;Fu;Mdpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s FUc> yhk] Nghd;w nrhw;fs; ,tw;Wf;Fr;

rpwe;j cjhuzq;fshFk;.

! NkYk;> Fwpg;gpl;l rpy trdq;fs; RUf;fkhf $wg;gl;bUg;gjhy; mjid

tpsf;f Ntz;bNaw;glyhk;. my;yJ nkhopapy; MFngauhf te;jtw;iw

nkhopNahL njhlu;GgLj;jp tpsf;fNtz;bNaw;glyhk;. ,t;thwhd epiyikfs;

rl;lj;jPu;g;Gfspy; fUj;J NtWghLfisj; Njhw;Wtpf;fyhk;.

! NkYk; rpy trd mikg;Gf;fSk; gy fUj;Jf;fisj; je;J fUj;J

NtWghl;Lf;F ,l;Lr; nry;yyhk;. cjhuzkhf> mg+ ]<j; my;Fj;up (uop)

mtu;fs; mwptpf;Fk; `jP]; gpd;tUkhW mike;Js;sJ. ~~ jfhJy; [dPdp

jfhJ ck;kp`p|| ,jd; fUj;J ~~xU jhapd; tapw;wpy; ,Uf;Fk; fd;iw

mWg;gJ jhia mWg;gNjahFk;||. ,e;j tifapy; tapw;wpy; fd;Ws;s xU

kpUfj;ij mWf;Fk; NghJ mjd; fd;W tapw;wpy; ,we;JtpbDk; mWj;jjhfNt

fUjg;gLk;. Vnddpy; jhia mWg;gNj mjid mWg;gjhFk; vd;w fUj;ij

,e;j `jP]; nfhLf;fpwJ. vdNt> kPz;Lk; fd;iw mWf;f Ntz;ba

mtrpakpy;iy.

! ,e;j ̀ jP]; ~~jfhjy; [dPdp jfhj ck;kp̀ p| vd;Dk; upthaj; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

,g;NghJ ,jd; nghUs; xU kpUfj;jpd; tapw;wpy; ,Uf;Fk; fd;iw me;j

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jha; kpUfj;ij mWg;gJ Nghd;W mWq;fs;| vd;gjhFk;. mjhtJ jhia

mWg;gJ NghyNt mjd; tapw;wpypUf;Fk; fd;iwAk; mWj;jy; Ntz;Lk;

vd;w fUj;ij ,J jUfpwJ.

3. Kuz;gl;l rl;l trdq;fspilNa ,zf;fk; fhz;gjpYk; mtw;wpy; xd;iw

cWjpg;gLj;JtjpYk; Vw;gLk; NtWghLfs;.

! NkNy $wg;gl;l Kjyhk;> ,uz;lhk; mk;rq;fspYk; mwpQu;fs; midtUk;

xw;Wikg;gl;lhu;fs; vd itj;Jf; nfhz;lhYk; ,d;DNkhu; mk;rKk; vkJ

ftdj;jpw;F tUfpwJ. rpyNghJ ntspg;gilahf xd;Wf;nfhd;W Kuz;gl;l

fUj;ijf; nfhz;l gy ̀ jP];fs; tuyhk;. mg;NghJ mtw;wpilNa ,zf;fk;

fhzNtz;Lk;. my;yJ xd;iw VNjh xU tifapy; cWjpg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

,jd;NghJ xU mwpQu; Kuz;ghby;iy vdf; fUjp ntspg;gilahfNt

Kuz;gl;ljhfj; Njhd;Wk; trdq;fspilNa ,zf;fk; fhz;gu;. NtnwhUtNuh

xd;iw VNjh xU tifapy; Mjhuk; fz;L cWjpg;gLj;Jthu;.

! rl;l trdq;fspilNa fhzg;gLk; Kuz;ghLfSf;Fk;> mtw;wpilNa ,zf;fk;

fhz Kw;gLk; NghJ Vw;gl;l fUj;J NtWghl;Lf;F cjhuzkhf ,khKf;F

gpwF k/%k; ]{uh ghj;jp`h XJjy; gw;wpa fUj;J NtWghl;by; %d;W

epiyg;ghLfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

1. vy;yhj; njhOiffspYk; k/%k; ghj;jp`h ]{uh Xj Ntz;Lk;. ,J ,khk;

\hgp<> m`;kj; MfpNahuJ fUj;jhFk;.

2. vy;yhj; njhOiffspYk; k/%k; ghj;jp`h ]{uhit Xjf; $lhJ. ,J

,khk; mg+ `dPghtpd; fUj;jhFk;.

3. ,khk; nkJthf XJk; njhOiffspy; k/%k; ghjp`h ]{uhit Xj

Ntz;Lk;.

! ,f;fUj;J NtWghl;Lf;Ff; fhuzk; rl;ltrdq;fs; NtWgl;l Kiwapy;

te;jpUg;gNjahFk;. rpyu; ̀ jP];fspy; rpytw;iw cWjpg;gLj;jp NtWrpytw;iw

tpl;Ltpl;ldu;. NtW rpyu; ,e;j `jP];fspilNa ,zf;fk; fz;ldu;. ,e;j

tifapy; ,khkpd; gpd;dhy; ,Uf;Fk; k/%k; Xj Ntz;Lk; vd;W te;j

`jP];fs; nkJthf XJk; njhOiffisf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd vd;Wk; k/%k;

Xjf;$lhJ vd;W te;j ̀ jP];fs; rg;jkpl;L XJk; njhOiffisf; Fwpf;fpd;wd

vdTk; ,tu;fs; $wpdu;. ,JNt ,khk; khypf; Nghd;Nwhupd; fUj;jhFk;.

! egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ Njhou;fs;> jhgp<d;fs;> gpd;dhy; te;j ,khk;fs;

,tu;fspy; ngUk; ghyhNdhu; ,khkpd; gpd;dhy; epw;Fk; k/%k;fs; ghjp`hit

Xj Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;ijNa nfhz;Ls;sdu;. ,khk; \hgp<> m`;kj;>

,g;D Kghuf;> ,];`hf; Nghd;NwhuJ fUj;Jk; ,JthFk;.

! ,khk; ,g;D Kghuf; fPo;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. ~~ehd; ,khKf;Fg; gpwF

XJfpNwd;. $ghthrpfspy; rpyu; jtpu VidNahu; ,t;thW nra;fpd;wdu;.

,khKf;Fg; gpwF k/%k; Xjhtpl;lhYk; mtuJ njOif epiwNtWk;

vd;gJNt vdJ fUj;jhFk;.

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! ,khk; ,g;D Kghuf;fpd; Mjhuq;fs; ,U gf;fKk; rkkhff; fhzg;gLtjhy;

,e;j `jP];fisNa ,zf;fk; fhz Kidfpwhu; Nghy; Njhd;WfpwJ.

! Nkw;$wpa cjhuzq;fspypUe;J> Kuz;ghlhfj; Njhd;Wk; rl ;l

trdq;fspilNa ,zf;fk; fhzKidAk; NghJ cUthfpd;w fUj;J

NtWghLfs; gw;wp tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s KbfpwJ.

4. rl;lthf;f %yhjhu tpjpfspy; fhzg;gl;l fUj;J NtWghL.

! `jP];fis Vw;gjpYk; kWg;gjpYk; xt;Nthu; ,khKf;Fk; NtWgl;l

epge;jidfSk; mbg;gil tpjpfSk; cs;sd. mt;thNw Fwpg;gpl;l rl;l

trdj;jpypUe;J rl;lq;fis tFj;Jf; nfhs;tjpYk; NtWgl;l Nghf;FfSk;

tpjpKiwfSk; gpd;gw;wg;gLfpd;wd. mNj Nghd;W rpy rl;lthf;f

%yhjhuq;fSk; fUj;JNtWghl;Lf;Fupadthf fhzg;Lfpd;wd. xU ]fhgpapd;

nrhy;iy my;yJ khu;f;fj; jPu;g;ig gyk; tha;e;j xU rl;lthf;f %yhjhukhf

mjhtJ Fu;Md;> `jP]; vd;gtw;wpd; juj;jpy; itj;J Nehf;FNthUk;

mtw;iwtplf; Fiwe;j juj;jpy; itj;J Nehf;FNthUk; ,khk;fspilNa

fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;.

! xU Fwpg;gpl;l tplaj;jpy; kjPdhthrpfspd; nray; (mkY m`;ypy; kjPdh)

rl;l %yhjhukhff; nfhs;sg;gLk;. rpy NghJ rpy tifahd `jP];fis

tpl mjid Nkyhf kjpg;gtu;fSk; ,khk;fspilNa fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;.

! xU `jP]; mwptpg;ghsu; jhd; mwptpf;Fk; tp\aj;Jf;F Kuzhf

nraw;gl;bUg;ghu;. ,e;j mwptpg;ghsupd; nraiyf; fzpg;gjpNy ,khk;fspilNa

fUj;J NtWghL Njhd;WfpwJ. xU Fwpg;gpl;l nray; $lhJ vd;W

jLf;fg;gl;lhy; mr; nray; Kw;whf nry;YgbahfhJ vdr; rpyu; fzpg;gu;;.

NtW rpyNuh ,jw;F khw;wkhd fUj;ijf; nfhs;tu;.

! ,t;thW rl;lthf;f mbg;giltpjpfspYk; rl;lthf;f %yhjhuq;fspYk; kw;Wk;

tiuaiwfNshL $ba rl;ltrdq;fs;> tiuaiwfNshL $ba

rl;ltrdq;fs;> tiuaiwfsw;w rl;l trdq;fs;> vjpu;kiwg; nghUs; nfhs;sy;

(kg;`{k; my; Kfhygh) Nghd;w re;ju;g;gq;fs; fUj;J NtWghLfs;

Njhd;Wtjw;fhd fhuzq;fspy; xd;whf mikfpwJ.

fUj;J NtWghLfspd; NghJ Ngz Ntz;ba xOf;fq;fs;.fUj;J NtWghLfspd; NghJ Ngz Ntz;ba xOf;fq;fs;.fUj;J NtWghLfspd; NghJ Ngz Ntz;ba xOf;fq;fs;.fUj;J NtWghLfspd; NghJ Ngz Ntz;ba xOf;fq;fs;.fUj;J NtWghLfspd; NghJ Ngz Ntz;ba xOf;fq;fs;.

! ,];yhkpa rl;lj;Jiwapy; fUj;J NtWghnld;gJ jtpu;f;f Kbahj Xu;

mk;rkhFk;. ]yG]; ]hyp`Pd;fs; fUj;J NtWghLfis ck;kj;Jf;fhd

mUs; vdf; Fwpg;gpl;ldu;. etPd fhy rl;l mwpQu;fSs; xUtuhd

K];jgh m ;̀kj; ]u;fh (u ;̀) mtu;fs; ~~kdpjDf;Fr; nrhFrhf mku;tjw;F

,iae;J nfhLf;ff;$ba xU fjpiu fUj;J NtWghLfis Fwpg;gpl;Lr;

nrhd;dhu;fs;. mUshff; fzpf;fg;gLk; fUj;JNtWghLfs; kUshf

mike;Jtplf; $lhJ vd;gjw;fhfg; Ngz Ntz;ba rpy xOq;Ffis

Kd;itf;fpd;Nwhk;.

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1. fUj;njhw;Wikahd tptfhuq;fspy; gu];guk; xj;Jioj;jy;. K];ypk;fs;

midtUk; cld;gLfpd;w tplaq;fspy; gu];guk; cjtpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

my;Fu;Md; ,iwtdplkpUe;J te;jJ vd;Wk;> Iq;fhy njhOif> ukohdpy;

Nehd;G Nehw;gJ vd;gd fliknad;Wk; K`k;kj; (]y;) ,Wjpj; J}jnud;Wk;

ehk; midtUk; cld;gLfpd;w tplaq;fspy; xj;Jioj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

njhOifapYk;> Nehd;G Nehw;gjpYk; vd rpy tptfhuq;fspy; rl;lk; rhu;

fpisg;gpur;rpidfspy; vOk; fUj;J NtWghLfs; gpsTfshf mika

xUNghJk; topnra;af; $lhJ. ,khk; u\Pj; upoh mtu;fs; mofhd xU

fUj;ij Kd;itj;jhu;fs;. ~~fUj;njhw;Wikahd tplaq;fspy; ehk; gu];guk;

xj;Jioj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. fUj;J NtWghL nfhz;l mk;rq;fspy; gu];guk;

epahak; fhz;Nghk;.

2. fUj;J NtWghL nfhz;l tplaq;fspy; tpl;Lf; nfhLj;jy;

! tpl;Lf; nfhLj;jy; vd;gJ vkJ jPid> mfPjhit tpl;Lf; nfhLg;gNjh>

mbg;gilapy; xU NghJk; khwhj tplaq;fspy; tpl;Lf; nfhLg;gNjh my;y.

khwhf ,[;jp`hjpw;Fupa mk;rq;fshf mikfpd;w gy fUj;Jf;fSf;F

,lk;ghlhd rl;lk;rhu; fpisg;gpur;rpidfspy; tpl;Lf; nfhLj;J elj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; xNu tplaj;jpy; gy KbTfs; rupahf mikayhk;.

my;Fu;Mid XJk; Kiwapy; gyjug;gl;l fpuhmj;Jf;fis egp (]y;) mtu;fs;

mDkjpj;Js;shu;fs;. NkYk; K[;j`pj; xUtuJ Kaw;rpf;F mJ rupahdhy;

,uz;L $yp; jtwpdhy; xU $yp vd mq;fPfupj;jpUg;gJk; gy KbTfs;

tuyhk;. mit Kw;whf epuhfupf;fg;gl Ntz;bajy;y vd;gij Rl;bepw;fpd;wJ.

,khk; \hgp< (u`;) mtu;fs; xU gpugykhd $w;iw Kd;itj;Js;shu;fs;.

~~ vd;Dila fUj;Jr; rupahdJ; rpy rkak; mJ jtwhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;.

gpwu; fUj;Jj; jtwhdJ; rpy rkak; rupahfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;||

3. xUtiunaUtu; rhlhjpUj;jy;> kjpj;J elj;jy;.

! egp (]y;) mtu;fSf;F Kd;dhy; ]`hghf;fs; tpj;jpahrkhd fUj;Jf;fis

njuptpj;j re;ju;g;gq;fspYk; tpj;jpahrkhfj; njhopw;gl;l re;ju;g;gq;fspYk;

mtu;fs; midtiuAk; kjpj;J mtu;fSf;Ff; fzpg;Gf; nfhLj;J ele;J

nfhz;Ls;shu;fs;. xUtu; kw;wtiu rhLgtuhf ]`hghf;fs; ,Uf;ftpy;iy.

,jw;Fr; rhd;whf gD}Fiwoh rk;gtj;ijAk;> gazj;jpd; NghJ ,uz;L

]`hghf;fs; ePu; fpilf;fhj NghJ jak;Kk; nra;J njhOtpl;L> gpd;du; ePu;

fpilj;j NghJ mtu;fs; ,UtUk; ele;J nfhz;l tpjj;ijAk; egp (]y;)

mtu;fs; vt;thW mZfpdhu;fs; vd;gjpypUe;J Gupe;J nfhs;s KbfpwJ.

! NkYk; kjpj;J ele;Jnfhs;tjw;F ,khk; Gfhup (u`;) jd;Dila `jP];

E}ypy; gpj;mj;thjpfspd; mwptpg;igg; gjpT nra;Js;shu;fs;. Vnddpy; mtu;fs;

cz;ikahsu;fshf ,Ue;jhu;fs;. ,khk; Gfhup (u`;) mtu;fspd;

mwptpg;ghsu;fspy; ,k;uhd; ,g;D `j;jhd; vd;w xUtu; cz;L. ,tu;

fthup[;fis rhu;e;j xU gpj;mj;thjp kw;Wk; mtu;fsJ M];jhd; ftpQu;;

myp (uop) mtu;fisf; nfhiy nra;j ,g;D Ky;[pik Gfo;e;J ghbatUk;

$l.

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! gpj;mj; nra;fpd;w kf;fSld;> mtu;fis kjpj;J ey;y Kiwapy; elg;gjd;

%yk; mtu;fs; jk; jtWfis czu;e;J Neu;topapy; tuf;$Lk;. xNuabahf

ntWj;J xJf;fpdhy; mtu;fs; me;j gpj;mj;jpNyNa njhlu;e;jpUf;f tha;g;G

cs;sJ. c];khd; (uop) mtu;fSila filrpf; fhyj;jpy; kjPdh

Kw;Wifaplg;gLfpwJ. kjPdhitNa jk; iftrk; nfhz;LtUfpwhu;fs;>

c];khd; (uop) mtu;fisf; fyff;fhuu;fs; tPl;Lf;F ntspNa tplTk; ,y;iy.

gs;spapy; ,khkhf epd;W njhOif elhj;j mDkjpf;fTkpy;iy. njhOif

elhj;Jk nghWg;igf; $lf; fyff;fhuu;fNs vLj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhu;fs;. me;j

Neuj;jpy; myp (uop) cl;gl ngUk; egpj; Njhou;fs; c];khd; (uop) mtu;fsplk;

jdpNa njhOtjw;F mDkjp Nfl;lNghJ mDkjpf;f kWj;jhu;fs;. c];khd;

(uop) mtu;fisj; jtpu midj;J egpj; Njhou;fSk; fyff;fhuu;fspd; gpd;dhy;

k/Kk;fshf epd;W njhOjhu;fs;. ,q;F egpj;Njhou;fs; jdpg;gs;sp mikf;fNth

fyff;fhuu;fis fhgpu;fs; vd;W miof;fNth ,y;iy.

4. xU kj;̀ gpd; my;yJ jdpkdpjdpd; fUj;Jf;fspy; gpbthjg; Nghf;if jtpu;j;jy;.

! Mjhukw;w ahUf;Fg; gpd;dhYk; nry;yhj kdg;ghq;if tsu;j;Jf; nfhs;s

Ntz;Lk;. i]j; (uop) mtu;fspd; $w;W ,jw;F ey;yNjhu; rhud;whFk;.

~~,d;dhu; nrhd;dhu; vd;gjw;fhf my;yJ ,khkpd; fUj;J vd;gjw;fhf ehk;

my;yh ;̀it topg;gltpy;iy. my;yh ;̀tpd; Ntjj;jpy; te;jpUf;fpwJ; mtuJ

J}ju; $wpapUf;fpwhu; vd;gjw;fhfNt topg;gLfpNwhk;|| mNj Neuk; ,khk;fspd;

jFjpia kwe;J mtu;fisf; fPo;j;jukhf tpku;rpf;fpd;w jPtputhj epiyf;Fr;

nrd;Wtplf; $lhJ. xt;nthUtUk; jtiw xj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; kNdhepiyia

tsu;j;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. tpku;rdq;fis tuNtw;f Ntz;Lk;. mJ jk;ik

newpg;gLj;jf;$baJ vd;gijg; Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

! ,khk; \hgp< (u`;) mtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs; ~~ cz;ik vd; ehtpypUe;J

tUfpwjh my;yJ vd;Dld; tpthjk; Gupgtu; ehtpypUe;J tUfpwjh vd;gijf;

Fwpj;J vdf;Ff; ftiy ,y;iy. cz;ik ntsptu Ntz;Lk;. mt;tsTjhd;||

5. mLj;jtu; gw;wpa ey;nyz;zj;ij tsu;j;Jf; nfhs;sy;.

! mLj;jtu; gw;wpa ey;nyz;zk; nfhs;Sk; gz;ig tsu;j;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

fWg;Gf; fz;zhb mzpe;J mLj;jtiu mtjhdpf;Fk; Kiwia iftpl;Ltpl

Ntz;Lk;. ehd; J}a;ikahdtd; gupRj;jkhdtd; vd;w kNdhghtk; xU K/

kpdplk; te;Jtplf; $lhJ. ~~ePq;fs; cq;fisj; J}a;ikahdtu; vd;W

nrhy;yhjPu;fs;. ahu; jf;th cilatu; vd;gij my;yh`;Nt kpfTk;

ed;fwpthd;. (53:52)

! <khdpd; rpwe;j milahsNk ~~my;yh`;itf; Fwpj;Jk;> kf;fisf; Fwpj;Jk;

ey;nyz;zk; nfhs;sy;. <khdpd; Nkhrkhd milahsk; my;yh`;itf;

Fwpj;Jk; kf;fisf; Fwpj;Jk; nfl;l vz;zk; nfhs;sy;|| vd;gJ ]yGfspd;

$w;whFk;.

vg;NghJk; xU K];ypk; vg;gb ,Uf;f ntz;Lnkdpy; gpwiuf; Fwpj;J VjhtJ

xU nra;jp jd; fhjpy; tpOe;jhy; clNd fw;gid nra;tij epWj;j Ntz;Lk;.

my;yJ mg;gb ,Uf;fhJ vd;W ey;nyz;zk; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

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! re;Njfk; nfhs;tjpypUe;J ahUk; jg;gpf;fNt KbahJ. Vnddpy; irj;jhd;

mjidj; J}z;Lfpwhd;. egp (]y;) mtu;fs; jd; kidtp ]gpa;ah (uop)

mtu;fSld; fijj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jNghJ mt;tplj;jhy; nrd;w ,uz;L

]`hghf;fSf;Fk; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ,J vd; kidtp ]gpa;ah vd;W

nrhy;ypf; fhl;ba epfo;T mtu;fisr; re;Njff; fz;nfhz;L Nehf;fhjpUf;f

Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhFk;. vdNt khu;f;f tptfhuq;fis itj;Jf; nfhz;L

K];ypk;fs; xUtu; mLj;jtiu re;Njff; fz;nfhz;L Nehf;FtJ kpfg;

ngupa jtwhFk;. egp (]y;) mtu;fSf;F mjpf Nfhgk; jUtJk; kWik

ehspy; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; jk; mUfpNyNa tu mDkjpf;fhjtu;fSk; ahu;

vdpy; .... kf;fspd; Fiwfisj; Njb ntspg;gLj;Jgtu;fNs (m`;kj;)

6. tpthjq;fis Kbe;jsT jtpu;j;Jf; nfhs;sy;.

! fUj;J NtWghl;bd; NghJ tpthj Nkilfs; mikj;J xUtiunahUtu;

jk; jpwikahy; tPo;j;jpl Ntz;Lk;> jk; Ngr;Rj; jpwikahy; kl;lk; jl;l

Ntz;Lk; vd Kide;jplf; $lhJ.

! ,];yhk; tpthjj;ij Kw;whfj; jLf;ftpy;iy. MapDk; mofpa Kiwapy;

tpthjpf;Fk; gb Ntz;LfpwJ. tpthjk; vd;whNy mq;F nkd;ikiaf;

filg;gpbg;gJ rpukk;. vdNtjhd; my;yh`; 16:125 ,y; tpthjj;jpd; NghJ

nkd;ikiaf; filg;gpbf;f cj;jutpLfpwhd;.

! ,Nj Neuk; tpthjq;fisj; jtpu;j;Jf; nfhs;Stij tuNtw;Wg; gy

egpnkhopfs; te;jpUf;fpd;wd. ~~rj;jpaj;jpy; jhd; ,Uf;fpNwhk; vd;W njupe;j

gpd;Gk; tpthjj;ij tpl;ltUf;Fr; Rtdj;jpd;eLNt xU tPl;bw;fhd

cj;juthjj;ij ehd; jUfpNwd;. gpwiur; rpupf;f itg;gjw;Nf vd;whYk;

ngha; nrhy;tij ahu; tpl;LtpLfpwhNuh mtUf;Fr; Rtdj;jpd; eLNt xU

tPl;bw;fhd cj;juthjj;ij ehd; jUfpNwd;. ahuplj;jpy; ew;gz;Gfs; epuk;g

,Uf;fpwNjh mtUf;F cau;e;j Rtdj;jpy; xU tPl;bw;fhd cj;juthjj;ij

ehd; jUfpNwd;. (mg+jht+j;)

! NkYk; egp (]y;) $wpdhu;fs; : ~~Neu;topia mile;jjd; gpd;dhy; xU

$l;lk; vg;NghJ topnfLk; vd;why; tpthjq;fspy; <LgLk; NghJjhd;

mg;Jy;yh`; mk;U ,g;D `{[g; (uop) mwptpf;fpwhu;fs;. ehDk; vdJ

rNfhjuUk; xU jlit k[;yp]py; fye;J nfhs;tjw;fhf gs;sp thrYf;Fr;

nrd;Nwhk;. mg;NghJ %j;j egpj; Njhou;fs; thrypy; mku;e;J ,Ue;jdu;.

mtu;fisf; fle;J cs;Ns nry;tJ kupahijahf ,Uf;fhJ vd;W Xu;

Xuj;jpy; mku;e;Njhk;. mg;NghJ mtu;fs; my;Fu;Mdpd; xU trdj;ij vLj;J

tpthjpf;fj; njhlq;fpdu;. tpthjk; #Lgpbj;J mtu;fSila rg;jk; gs;spthrypy;

cauj; njhlq;fpaJ. filrpapy; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; Nfhgkhf Kfk; rptf;f

mtu;fis Nehf;fp te;jhu;fs;. rpwpJ kz;iz vLj;J mtu;fis Nehf;fp

tPrptpl;Lr; nrhd;dhu;fs;. epWj;Jq;fs;! cq;fSf;F Kd; nrd;w $l;lk;

,g;gbj;jhd; mope;jJ. egpkhu;fSf;fpilNa rpyiur; rpyiutpl cau;j;jp>

Ntj tupfspy; rpytw;iw rpytw;Wf;F Kuzhf tpthjpj;Jj;jhd; mope;J

Nghapdu;. my;Fu;Mdpd; trdq;fs; rpytw;iwf; nfhz;L rpytw;iwg;

ngha;ahf;Ftjw;fhfth ,wf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd... ? vijf; fw;wPu;fNsh mijr;

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nraw;gLj;Jq;fs;. vJ njupatpy;iyNah mij mwpe;jtuplk; NfSq;fs; ..

(K];dj; m ;̀kj;)

! rpyu; rl;lq;fspd; fpisg; gpur;rpidfis ikag;gLj;jp midj;ijANk tpthj

Nkilf;F ,Of;fpd;wdu;. jq;fspd; fUj;Jf;fis ve;j tpjj;jpYk; jpUj;jpf;

nfhs;sj; jahu; ,y;yhj rpyu;> jhq;fs; nrhy;tij gpwu; Nfl;fNtz;Lk;.

Mdhy; ehq;fs; ahu; nrhy;tijAk; Nfl;f khl;Nlhk; vd;w epiyapy; rpyu;>

ehq;fNs vg;NghJk; rj;jpaj;jpy; ,Ug;gtu;fs;. kw;wtu;fs; vy;yhk; vg;NghJk;

mrj;jpaj;jpy; ,Ug;gtu;fs; vd;W vz;Zk; rpyu;> vd tpthjpg;Nghupy; fhzyhk;.

! ,j;jF tpthjq;fs; rj;jpaj;ijj; njspTgLj;Jtijtpl FNuhjq;fisAk;>

gifikfisAk; tsu;j;JtpLtjhfNt mikfpd;wJ.

! jtpu;;f;fKbahj Neuq;fspy; khw;Wf; fUj;Jf; nfhz;NlhUld; vt;thW

tpthjpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhd topfhl;liy Fu;Md; njspthf

Kd;itf;fpd;wJ.

7. khu;f;fj;ijg; gpd;gw;Wtjpy; eLepiyg; Nghf;ifg; gpd;gw;wy;.

! ve;j tplaj;jpYk; msTf;F kPwpa fLikahd Nghf;if tpl;Ltpl;L

eLepiyahf ,Uj;jNy rpwg;G. Vnddpy; vk;ik eLepiyr; r%fk; vd

Fh;Md; Gfo;e;Jiuf;fpd;wJ.

! vdNt khu;f;fj;ijg; gpd;gw;Wtjpy; tuk;G fle;j Nghf;iff; filg;gpbf;ff;

$lhJ. mjpy; rkepiy NgZk; gz;G cUthf Ntz;Lk; mg;NghJ jhd;

fUj;J NtWghL> ,y;yhky; Nghf tha;g;gpUf;fpwJ.

! ,g;D k];Cj; (uop) mwptpf;fpwhu;fs; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;;

~~jPtpu Nghf;if ifahs;gtu;fSf;F ehrk; cz;lhfl;Lk;|| vd;W %d;W

Kiw $wpdhu;fs;. (K];ypk;)

! ,q;F jPtpu Nghf;nfd;gJ ~~jq;fSila nray;fspYk; nrhw;fspYk; vy;iy

fle;J nraw;gLgtu;fs;|| vd ,khk; ettp (u`;) tpsf;fkspj;jhu;fs;.

~~khu;f;fj;jpy; msT fle;j Nghf;if ehd; cq;fSf;F vr;rupf;fpNwd;.

cq;fSf;F Kd; nrd;w r%fk; mope;J Nghdnjy;yhk; khu;f;fj;jpy; msT

fle;j Nghf;iff; filg;gpbj;jjhy; jhd;|| (m`;kj;)

! jPtpu Nghf;Fg; gpuptpidiaj; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;. ,yFitf; ifahs;tJ

neUf;fj;ijAk; ,zf;fj;ijAk; nfhz;LtUk;. ]yGfisg; nghWj;jkl;by;

mtu;fs; vg;NghJk; vspjhd tplaq;fisf; ifahs;gtu;fshf ,Ue;jhu;fs;.

jkf;fpilNa vj;jidNah tplaq;fspy; fUj;J NtWghLfs; ,Ue;jhYk;

ahUk; jq;fSf;fpilNa Kuz;gl;Lf; nfhs;stpy;iy. khwhf xUtu; jPtpu

Nghf;iff; ifahz;lhy; mijf; fz;bj;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;.

! Fwpj;j xU tplak; Fwpj;J mjpfk; Nfs;tp Nfl;gJ fLikapd; gf;fNk

,l;Lr; nry;Yk; vd;gij egp (]y;) mtu;fs; czu;j;jpdhu;fs;.

~~K];ypk;fSf;Fr; nra;Ak; mePjp vd;dntd;why; `uhk; my;yhj xU

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tplaj;jpy; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; xUtu; Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;L ,tu; Nfl;l

fhuzj;jpdhNyNa mJ ̀ uhkhfptpl;lhy; mJjhd; K];ypk;fSf;Fr; nra;Ak;

mePjp MFk;. (Gfhup)

8. fiyr; nrhw;fspd; fUj;Jf;fis mwpe;J gad;gLj;Jjy;.

! Fu;Md; ]{d;dhtpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s fiyr; nrhw;fisf; fUj;jwpe;J

gad;gLj;jhtpl;lhy; mJ r%fj; jfuhWf;Fk; gpur;rpidfSf;Fk;

toptFf;fyhk;. cjhuzkhf Fg;u;> \pu;f;> epghf;> [h`pypa;aj; Nghd;w

nrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ mtw;wpy; E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd mu;j;jq;fis

mwpe;J gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; \upmj; rl;lj;jpy; xU thu;j;ij

ve;j tof;Fr; nrhy;ypy; tUfpwJ. me;j thu;j;ij jUk; cz;ikahd

nghUs; vd;d vd;gijg; Gupahky; NgrKw;gLk; NghJ tPz; tpthjq;fSk;

Nkhjy;fSk; Vw;gLtJ kl;Lkd;wp jhKk; topnfl;Lg; gpwiuAk; topnfLj;jpLk;

epiyjhd; Njhd;Wk;.

! \pu;f; vd;w thu;j;ijia vLj;J Nehf;fpdhy; mJ ,izitj;jy; vd;w

fUj;ijj; jUfpwJ. \pu;f;fpy; ngupaJ> rpwpaJ vd;W juhjuk; cs;sJ

midj;ijAk; xNu juj;jpy; itj;J clNd jPu;g;G toq;ff; $lhJ.

my;yh ;̀Tf;F ,izitj;jy; ngupa \pu;f;fhFk;. mNjNeuk; rpy ghtq;fis

\pu;f; vd;w ngaupy; egp nkhop Fwpg;gpl;Lf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ~~ Fwpghu;j;jYk;>

jhaj;Jf; fl;LjYk; ke;jpupj;jYk; ,izitg;ghFk;|| (m`;kj;)

! vdNt my;yh`;Tf;F ,izitj;jy; vd;w ngupa \pu;f;fpd; juj;jpy;

egpnkhopapy; Fwpg;gpl;l nraw;ghLfisr; rkg;gLj;jp Nehf;f KbahJ.

9. ,[;jp`hJf;Fupa tplaq;fis mbj;Jr; nrhy;tijj; jtpu;j;jy;.

xU K[;j`pjpd; fUj;ij mLj;j K[;j`pj; kjpj;J elf;f Ntz;Lk;. jdJ

fUj;jpy; jdJ kj;`gpy; cs;sij tYf;fl;lhakhf gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L

mbj;Jr; nry;tijj; jtpu;f;f Ntz;Lk;.

! md;iwa mwpQu;fs; gpwupd; fUj;ij kjpj;J ele;jhu;fs;. jq;fspd; fUj;Jf;F

khw;wkhd fUj;ijr; rpyrkak; nray;tbtpy; nfhz;LtUk; epiy te;jNghJ

ve;jtpj kdf;f\;lKk; ,d;wp mijr; nra;jhu;fs;. ~~,e;jf; fUj;Jg;

ghJfhg;ghdJ> ,J rpwe;j fUj;J|| vdf; $wpdhu;fNsad;wp ~~,JNt rpwe;jJ>

,ijj;jtpu kw;w vy;yhf; fUj;Jf;fSk; KuzhdJ vd;W vtUk; $wtpy;iy.

egpj;Njhou;fSs; me;epag; ngz;fisj; njhl;lhy; TO nra;jtu;fSk;

,Ue;jdu;.

! ,khk; \hgp< (u`;) mtu;fs; xUKiw gf;jhjpy; ]{g`; njhOifia

epiwNtw;wpdhu;fs;. mtu; njhOj me;jg; gs;spthry; ,khk; mg+`dpgh

(u`;) mtu;fspd; mlf;f];jyj;jpw;Fg; gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ. mg;NghJ ,khk;

\hgp< (u`;) mtu;fs; FD}j;Jk; Xjtpy;iy. UFtpypUe;J epkpUk; NghJ

iffis cau;j;jTk; ,y;iy. Vd; vd;W Nfl;ljw;F ,khk; mg+`dPghtpd;

fUj;Jf;F ehk; fz;zpak; nfhLf;fpNwhk; vd;W $wpdhu;fs;.

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Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 4 .44.44.44.44.4 ::::: K];ypk;fs; tsu;j;j mwptpaw; fiyfisAk; mtw;wpy;K];ypk;fs; tsu;j;j mwptpaw; fiyfisAk; mtw;wpy;K];ypk;fs; tsu;j;j mwptpaw; fiyfisAk; mtw;wpy;K];ypk;fs; tsu;j;j mwptpaw; fiyfisAk; mtw;wpy;K];ypk;fs; tsu;j;j mwptpaw; fiyfisAk; mtw;wpy;

gpugyk; ngw;w jdpegu;fspd; gq;fspg;igAk; ,dk;gpugyk; ngw;w jdpegu;fspd; gq;fspg;igAk; ,dk;gpugyk; ngw;w jdpegu;fspd; gq;fspg;igAk; ,dk;gpugyk; ngw;w jdpegu;fspd; gq;fspg;igAk; ,dk;gpugyk; ngw;w jdpegu;fspd; gq;fspg;igAk; ,dk;

fz;L tpgupg;ghu;.fz;L tpgupg;ghu;.fz;L tpgupg;ghu;.fz;L tpgupg;ghu;.fz;L tpgupg;ghu;.



! K];ypk;fs; mwptpaw; fiyfspy; <LgLtjw;F VJthf mike;j

fhuzpfis tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.

!"""K];ypk;fs; tsu;j;j mwptpaw; fiyfs; gw;wp tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.

!" mwptpaw; fiyfSf;fhd K];ypk;fspd; gq;fspg;Gf;fisg;

gl;baw;gLj;jthu;.

! K];ypk;fshy; tsh;f;fg;gl;l mwptpaw; fiyfs;> fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fs;>

njhopEl;gk; Nghd;wd INuhg;gpa mwptpay; fiyfspy; Vw;gLj;jpa

jhf;fj;jpid milahsg;gLj;jpf; fhl;Lthh;.


! cyf tuyhw;wpy; kdpj ehfupfj;jpdJk; gz;ghl;bdJk; tsu;r;rpf;F K];ypk;fs;

Mw;wpAs;s gq;F kfj;jhdJ. mtu;fsJ ,e;jg; gq;fspg;Ng INuhg;gpa

mwptpay; kWkyu;r;rpf;Fk; tpj;jpl;lJ. mjD}lhf etPd mwptpay; tsu;r;rpf;Fk;

topfhl;baJ. ,j;jF kfj;jhd fy;tp fyhrhu tsu;r;rpf;Fk; mwptpay;

fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fSf;Fk; gq;fhw;wpa ek; Kd;Ndhu; gw;wpa mwpKfKk; guPl;raKk;

Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

! xU r%fk; fle;j tuyhw;wpd; rhjidfs; gw;wpa mwpitg; ngw;wpUg;gjd;

%yNk mjd; vjpu;fhyj;ij ek;gpf;ifNahL efu;j;j KbAk;. tuyhw;wpy;

ek; Kd;Ndhu;fs; mwptpay; Jiwfspy; Kd;Ndhbfshfj; jpfo;e;Js;sdu;.

mtu;fs; if itf;fhj Jiwfs; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrhy;y Kbahjstpw;F

rfy JiwfspYk; <LghL fhl;bf; fhj;jpukhd mwpTf; fUT+yq;fis

cyfpw;F ms;spj; je;Js;sdu;.

! Fthup];kpapd; fzpjj; Jiwg; gq;fspg;G> ,g;D ]Pdhtpd; kUj;Jtj; Jiwg;

gq;fsp;g;G> my; gj;jhdpapd; thdpay; Jiwg; gq;fspg;G> ,g;D fy;J}dpd;

r%ftpay; Jiwg; gq;fspg;G> mG+ cigjhtpd; tpyq;fpay; Jiwg; gq;fspg;G>

mG+`dPgh my; jPdhthupapd; jhtutpay; Jiwg; gq;fspg;G vdg; gl;bay;

ePz;L nry;fpwJ.

! cyf ehupfj;jpd; mwptpay; Cw;Wf; fz;zhf my;Fu;Md; jpfo;e;Js;sJ.

mJNt ek; Kd;NdhuJ gq;fspg;G gy;JiwfspYk; gue;J tpupe;J

fhzg;gLtjw;Ff; fhuzkhf mike;jJ . my;Fu;Md; mtu;fisr; rpe;jpf;fj;

J}z;baJ. Muha;r;rpfspy; <Lgl topfhl;baJ. fz;L gpbg;Gf;fis

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Nkw;nfhs;s ce;J rf;jpaspj;jJ. mtu;fis tpopj;Jg; gy;NtW tbtq;fspYk;

Ngrp mtu;fsJ rpe;jidfisf; fpswpaJ.

# ePq;fs; mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;lhkh?

# ePq;fs; rpe;jpf;ftpy;iyah?

# mtu;fs; cw;W Nehf;f Ntz;lhkh?

# mtu;fs; rpe;jpf;ff; $lhjh?

vd my;Fu;Md; Nfl;ljd; %yk; mwpT> Muha;r;rp> rpe;jid> fz;Lgpbg;G

vd;gtw;wpy; mtu;fs; <Lgl topfhl;baJ.

my;thNw my;Fu;Md; gy;NtW ,lq;fspy;

# mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; r%fj;jpdUf;F

# mwpe;Jzu;e;J nfhs;sf; $ba r%fj;jpdUf;F

# rpe;jpj;J czuf; $ba kf;fSf;F vd;nwy;yhk; Nfl;gjd; %yk; mwpT

Muha;r;rp;f; fz;fisj; jpwe;Jtpl;lJ.

! 6666 trdq;fisf; nfhz;l my;Fu;Mdpy; Rkhu; 73 trdq;fs; MuhAkhW

Neubahfj; J}z;Lfpd;wd.

! ~~mit (g+j;Jf;) fha;g;gijAk;> gpd;du; fdpe;J gokhFk; tpjj;ijAk;

(kf;fNs!) cw;W Nehf;Fq;fs;. ek;gpf;if nfhs;Sk; kf;fSf;F epr;rakhf

,jpy; gy mj;jhl;rpfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd||(6:99)

! ,t;trdj;jpd; %yk; tptrhaj; Jiw rhu;e;j kw;Wk; jhtutpay; Ma;TfSf;F

my;Fu;Md; J}z;LNfhy; toq;fpAs;sJ.

! G+kpapy; ePq;fs; Rw;wpj; jpupe;J (Muk;gj;jpy;) rpU\;bfs; vt;thW Njhd;wpd

vd;gijg; (Muha;e;J) ghUq;fs; vdf; Nfl;ljd; %yk; njhy;nghUspay;

kw;Wk; capupay; rhu;e;j Ma;Tfspy; <Lgl my;Fu;Md; J}z;bAs;sJ.

! ,it jtpu ,aw;if tpQ;Qhdj;ijf; fw;FkhWk; mjid MuhAkhWk;

gzpf;fpd;w trdq;fisAk; my;Fu;Mdpy; Vuhskhff; fhzyhk;.

! thdq;fspYk; G+kpapYk; vj;jidNah mj;jhl;rpfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mtw;wpd;

Kd; mtu;fs; mDjpdKk; nry;fpd;wdu;. vdpDk; mtu;fs; mtw;iw rpe;jpf;fhJ

Gwf;fzpj;Nj tUfpd;wdu;. (12:105)

! mtd; thdq;fisAk; G+kpiaAk; gilj;jpUg;gjpYk; ,uTk; gfYk; khwp

khwp tUtjpYk; kdpju;fSf;Fg; gad;jUtij (Vw;wp)f; nfhz;L rKj;jpuj;jpy;

nry;Yk; fg;gypYk; (tuz;L) ,we;j G+kpia capu;g;gpj;Jr; nropg;ghf;fp

itf;Fk; thdj;jpypUe;J my;yh`; nghopar; nra;Ak; kioapYk;

vy;yhtpjkhd fhy; eilfisAk; G+kpapy; gut tpl;bUg;gjpYk; fhw;Wfis

(g; gy Nfhzq;fspy; jpUg;gp)j; jpUg;gp tpLtjpYk; thdj;jpw;Fk; G+kpf;Fk;

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,ilapy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; fU Nkfj;jpYk; (kdpju;fSf;F

gpuNah[dq;fis Muha;e;J) rpe;jpf;Fk; kf;fSf;F (mtDila mUisAk;

md;igAk; mwptpf;ff;$ba mNdf) rhd;Wfs; epr;rakhf ,Uf;fpd;wd. (2.164)

! ,t;thwhd my;Fu;Md; trdq;fshy; J}z;lg; ngw;w mwG K];ypk;fs;

gy;NtW Ma;Tj; JiwfspYk; fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fspYk; <LghL fhl;bdu;.

! ,d;iwa etPd cyfpy; fhzg;gLk; xt;Nthu; mwptpay; Jiwf;Fkhd

mbg;gilfis md;iwa K];ypk; mwpQu;fs;> tpQ;Qhdpfs; toq;fpdu;.

Fwpg;ghf fp.gp 8 Mk; E}w;whz;Lf;Fk; 14 Mk; E}w;wz;Lf;Fk; ,ilapy;

Njhd;wpa K];ypk; mwpQu;fspd; rhjidfSf;Fg;; gpd;dhy; my;Fu;Mdpd;

J}z;LjNy fhzg;gl;ld.

! fpNuf;f ehl;by; Nrhf;uB]; vd;w mwpQd; vjd;]; efu ,isQu;fSf;F

Ma;Tupikapy; Mu;tj;ij Cl;bajw;fhf eQ;#l;lg;gl;Lj; jz;bf;fg;gl;lhu;.

! fp. K. 212 Mk; Mz;lstpy; Mf;fpukpb]; Geometrical Problems tbtpay;

rhu;e;j Gjpu;fis kz; jiuapy; vOjp Ma;T nra;J nfhz;bUe;j NghJ

Nuhkg; gil tPunuhUthy; jhf;fg;gl;lhu;.

! fpNuf;f ehl;by; [dehafk; epytpa Vjd;]; efupy; fiyfSk; gy;NtW

rpj;jhe;jq;fSk; Kd;NdwpapUe;jd vd;gij kWg;gjw;fpy;iy. MapDk; m/

];fpy]; aeschylesAupg;gpb]; (Euripidies) gpba]; (Phidies) ]hf;uB]; (socretes)

mup];lhl;by; (Aristatle) Nghd;w jj;Jt QhdpfSk; fiyQu;fSk; mq;Fjhd;

,k;rpf;fg;gl;ldu;. mtu;fs; rpiwapy; milf;flg;gl;ldu;. rpyNghJ J}f;fpy;

Vw;wgl;ldu;. ,t;tpj nfhLikfSf;Fg; gae;J mtu;fs; Xb xope;jdu;.

! ghg;ghz;ltu; ,uz;lhk; rpy;nt];lu; ];igdpy; rpy fhyk; jq;fpapUe;jhu;.

mg;NghJ mwG K];ypk;fshy; vOjg;gl;l E}y;fis thrpj;J mjdhy;

<u;f;fg;l;lhu;. mtw;iw Mu;tj;Jld; fw;Wf;nfhz;lhu;. mtu; ];igdpypUe;J

jpUk;gp; nry;Yk;NghJ jhk; fw;w E}y;fspd; nkhop ngau;g;igAk; m];Nuhyg;

vDk; (Artrolable) tpz;izAk; Nfhs;fisAk; Muha;e;J mit gw;wpa

Nghjpa juTfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s cjTk; fUtp xd;iwAk; jk;NkhL

vLj;Jr; nrd;whu;. ehL jpUk;gpa mtu; muhgpa mwptpaiyAk; ju;f;ftpay;>

fzpjk;> thdpay; Mfpatw;iwAk; fw;gpf;fj; njhlq;fpdhu;. mjd;NghJ ngUk;

vjpu;g;Gf;fs; fpsk;gpd. ];igdpypUe;J khaf; fiyfisAk;; gprhRfspd;

NghjidfisAk; vLj;J te;Js;shu; vd ,uz;lhk; rpy;nt];liu kf;fs;

rhbdu;. mtiu vjpu;j;Jr; r%fj;jpypUe;J xJf;fp tpl;ldu;.

! ,t;thW cyfk; mwpT Muha;rp fz;Lgpbg;Gf;Sf;F vjpuhfr; nraw;gl;Lf;

nfhz;bUe;j Ntis> my;Fu;Md; mwpT Muha;r;rp fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fSf;F

kfj;jhd ,lj;ij toq;fp mg;gzpia ,ghjj;jhff; fUjpj; J}z;bf;

nfhz;bUe;jjJ.

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kUj;Jtj; JiwkUj;Jtj; JiwkUj;Jtj; JiwkUj;Jtj; JiwkUj;Jtj; Jiw

! Vida Jiwfis tplTk; kpfTk; fhj;jpukhd gq;fspg;G kUj;Jtj; Jiwf;F

K];ypk;fshy; fpl;bAs;sJ vd;gNj NgUz;ikahFk;.

! ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wj;jpw;F Ke;ija fhy - [h`pypa;ahf; fhyg;gpuptpy;

kUj;Jtk; - mwptpaNyhL njhlu;ghd xU jdpf; fiyahf tsutpy;iy.

mJ ngUk;ghYk; khe;jpupfk; (witchcreft) #dpak; Kjypatw;NwhL ,ize;j

Xuk;rkhfNt tpsq;fpaJ. Rfhjhuk;> cly; eyk; Mfpatw;iwg; NgZtjpy;

$l mr;r%fk; mf;fiw nfhs;stpy;iy. Mdhy;> ,];yhk; mtu;fsJ

Rfhjhu> cly; eytpay; JiwapYk; ghupa khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;jpaJ.

my;Fu;MDk; ]{d;dhTk; mtu;fs; jq;fsJ cly; eytpay; Jiwapy;

ftdk; nrYj;jj; J}z;bd. cly;> cs;sk; ,uz;Lf;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlu;G

gw;wp my; Fu;Md; trdq;fSk; `jP];fSk; Rl;bf;fhl;bd.

! cly; NehAw;wpUg;gJ tWikia tpl NkhrkdhJ. cly; Nehia tpl

cs;sk; NehAWtJ NkhrkhdjhFk; Kjyhd Nkw;Nfhs;fs; cly; eytpay;

Jiwapy; ftdk; nrYj;jj; J}z;bd.

! xUtuJ tho;f;ifr; nraw;ghl;by; clYf;Fk; cs;sj;jpw;Fkpilapyhd rhu;G

epiyiaf; fhz;fpNwhk;. xUtd; mjpu;r;rpf;Fs;shdhy; mtdJ EiuaPuy;

njhFjpapYk; mb tapw;wpYk; khWjy;fs; Vw;gLfpd;wd. mtd;

gaj;Jf;Fs;shdhy; Kfk; ntSj;J tpLfpd;wJ. %r;nrLf;ff; f\;lg;gLfpd;whd;.

grp Fiwe;J tpLfpd;wJ. ,jaj; Jbg;G mjpfupf;fpd;wJ. if> fhy;

Nrhu;TWfpd;wd. gaj;jpw;fhd fhuzk; ePq;fpaJk; mt;twpFwpfs; kiwe;J

cly; toikahd epiyf;Fj; jpUk;gptpLfpwJ. ,t;thwhd mjpu;r;rpfs;

,aw;ifahf> cly; ,af;fj;jpy; ghuJ}ukhd rPu;Nfl;ilf; nfhz;L tUtjpy;iy.

fytug;gLjy; njhlUkhdhy; clypy; ghupa ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk;. ,t;Tly;

epiyf; NfhshW rpe;jidAk; clYk; rhu;e;j Neha; vd mu;uh]p Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

! xU K];ypk; epiwNtw;Wk; mbg;giahd tzf;fq;fs; ahTk; cs;sj;NjhL

njhlu;GiladthFk;. mtw;wpd; epiwTj; jd;ik Rj;jj;jpNy jq;fpAs;sJ.

tzf;f topghLfspy; ngUk;ghyhdit my;yh`;tplk; mq;fPfhuk; ngw

Ntz;Lkhdhy;> mjw;F Kd; epge;jidahf Rj;jk; my;yJ J}a;ik

fhzg;gLfpwJ. "Rj;jk; <khdpd; gFjpnad" egpfshu; Nghjpj;jhu;fs;. rl;l

mwpQu;fs; ,t; tplaj;jpy; mjpf mf;fiw nrYj;jpaikahy; vy;yhr; rl;l

E}y;fspYk; ngUk;ghYk; Muk;gj; jiyg;G mj;j`hwh vDk; Rj;jk; gw;wpa

ghlkhf mike;Js;sikiaf; fhzyhk;.

! fpNuf;f ehfupfj;jpd; nropg;gpd; NghJ kUj;JtKk; fzprkhd mstpw;F

Kd;Ndw;wk; fz;bUe;jJ. ntWk; mDgtj; jpl;lkhf ,Ue;j kUj;Jf; fiy

fpNuf;fu;fspd; vOr;rpf; fhyj;jpy; rpj;jhe;j uPjpapNyNa tsu;r;rpailayhapw;W.

`pg;Nghfpnub]; (Hippocrtess) fy;yd; (Galan) Nghd;w kUj;Jt Nkijfs;

mjd; tsu;r;rpf;Ff; fhuzkha; mike;jdu;.

! Mdhy; fpNuf;f ehfupfj;jpy; Vw;gl;l tPo;r;rp kUj;Jtf; fiyiaAk; ghjpf;fj;

jtwtpy;iy. vdNt K];ypk;fs; fpNuf;f> ghurPf kUj;Jtf; fiyfis

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moptpy; epd;Wk; fhg;ghw;wpaNjhL fpNuf;f kUj;Jtu;fspd; jtWfis

tpku;rpj;Jk;> kUj;Jtj; Jiwapy; gupNrhjid Kiwia mwpKfg;gLj;jpAk;

gy Gjpa kUj;Jtr; rpj;jhe;jq;fisAk; Nfhl;ghLfisAk; epWtpAk; kUj;Jtj;

Jiw tsu;r;rpf;Fr; rpwe;j gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jhu;fs;.

! epr;rakhf (Muk;gj;jpy;> Kjy;) kdpjidf; fspkz;zpd; rj;jpypUe;J

rpU\;bj;Njhk;. gpd;du; mjid ,e;jpupakhf;fp xU gj;jpukhd ,lj;jpy;

itj;Njhk;. gpd;du; me;j ,e;jpupaj;ij ,uj;jf; fl;bahf;fpNdhk;. gpd;du;

me;j ,uj;jf; fl;bia khkprg; gpz;lkhf;fr; nra;Njhk;. gpd;du; me;j khkprg;

gpz;lj;jpypUe;J vYk;ig cw;gj;jp nra;J me;j vYk;Gf;F khkprj;ij

mzptpj;Njhk;. gpd;du; mjid kdpj rpU\;bahf mikj;Njhk;. (23:12-14)

! ,Jgw;wp `hu;tpf; N`u;f;ngy;l; vd;gtu; "kUj;Jt Muha;r;rpfSf;F

my;Fu;MNd J}z;L tpir mspj;jNjhL nghJthf ,aw;ifiag; gw;wp

rpe;jpj;J MuhAkhWk; mJ vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ" vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

! egp K`k;kj; (]y;) mtu;fspd; NghjidfSk; K];ypk;fis kUj;Jtj;

Jiwapy; <LgLtjw;F Mu;tj;ij J}z;baJ. 've;jnthU NehiaAk;

mjw;Fupa kUe;ijAk; Vw;gLj;jhky; my;yh`; ,wf;ftpy;iy" xt;nthU

Neha;f;Fk; xU kUe;Jz;L> me;j Neha;f;F kUe;J gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; NghJ

my;yh`;tpd; mDkjpNahL mJ FzkhfptpLfpwJ|| vd;Wk; $wpdhu;fs;.

! egp (]y;) mtu;fNs xU ngUk; kUj;Jtuhf tpsq;fpdhu;fs;. gy E}w;Wf;

fzf;fhd Neha;fSf;F mtu;fs; rpfpr;ir mspj;jhu;fs;. ,d;Dk; gyUf;F

Neha;f;Fupa gupfhuq;fisf; fw;Wf; nfhLj;jhu;fs;. "ePq;fs; kUj;Jtk; nra;J

nfhs;tjpy; kpf Nkyhdit %f;fpDs; kUe;jpLjYk; ,uj;jk; Fj;jp

ntspNaw;WjYk; njhz;ilapDs; kUe;J Cw;WjYk;> Ngjpf;F kUe;J

Fbj;jYk; MFk;. (jpu;kpjp) vd;whu;fs;. "fUQ;rPufk; kuzj;ijj; jtpu

kw;nwy;yh Neha;fSf;Fk; mupa kUe;jhFk;" (Gfhup> K];ypk; )

'ePq;fs; nra;Ak; kUj;Jt rpfpr;irfSs; kpfr; rpwe;jit ,uj;jk; Fj;jp

ntspNaw;WjYk; flypYs;s "Fj;];" vDk; jhtuKkhFk;. (Gfhup)

! ,t;thW egp (]y;) mtu;fs; tpsf;fpa Neha; epthuzk;> gupfhuk; gw;wpa

gy;NtW ̀ jP];fSk; "mj;jpg;ge; egtpa;ah" vDk; jiyg;gpd; fPo; mwpQu;fshy;

njhFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

! ,J> K`k;kj; (]y;) mtu;fs; kUj;Jtj;jpy; rpwg;Gj; Nju;r;rp ngw;wpUg;gij

mq;fpfupj;J mjw;F Kjd;ikaplk; toq;fpapUf;fpwhu;fs; vd;gijAk; vLj;Jf;

fhl;LfpwJ. gpwpnjhU rkak; "itj;jpak; gw;wpj; njupahj xUtu; kUj;Jtk;

ghu;j;jhy; mjw;F mtNu tif $w Ntz;Lk;" vdTk; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;fs;.

vdNt kUj;Jtk; gw;wpj; njupahNjhu; rpfpr;iraspf;f Kw;glf; $lhJ. mJ

jtwhd xU fhupak; vd egpfshu; vr;rupj;Js;shu;fs;.

! ,t;thW egp (]y;) mtu;fs; kUj;Jtk; gw;wpf; fw;Wf; nfhLj;j NghjidfSk;

topfhl;ly; KiwfSk; K];ypk;fis kUj;Jtj; Jiwapy; <Lglj; J}z;bd.

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my;Fu;Mdpd; fUj;Jf;fshYk; ]{d;dhtpd; NghjidfshYk; J}z;lg;gl;l

mNugpa K];ypk;fs; kUj;Jtj; Jiwapy; Kidg;NghL <Lglj; njhlq;fpdhu;fs;.

! K];ypk;fspd; tpupthd kUj;Jt Muha;;r;rpfs; fpNuf;f kUj;Jt E}y;fis

mwG nkhopapy; ngau;f;Fk; Kaw;rpapypUe;Nj njhlq;fpad. fpNuf;fupd; kUj;Jt

E}y;fis nkhopngau;j;jNjhL kl;Lk; K];ypk;fs; jkJ kUj;Jtg; gzpiar;

RUf;fpf; nfhs;stpy;iy. jkJ Muha;r;rpfs; %yk; me;E}y;fspy; fhzg;gl;l

jtwhd fUj;Jf;fisr; Rl;bf;fhl;br; rupahd tpsf;fq;fisAk; toq;fpdhu;fs;.

vy;yhtw;Wf;Fk; Nkyhf jhk; ngw;w mwpitAk; mDgtq;fisAk;

mbg;gilahf itj;Jg; Gjpa cz;ikfisAk; fUj;Jf;fisAk;

ntspapl;lhu;fs;. ,J gw;wp C.G. COSMSTON (fk;];ld;) An Introduction of

History of Medicne vd;w E}ypy; "mNugpau;fs; kUj;Jtj; Jiwapd; tsu;r;rpg;

ghijapy; Rkhuhf epd;W nfhz;L fpNuf;fupd; E}y;fisAk; fUj;Jf;fisAk;

fz;%bj;jdkhfg; gpd;gw ;w pdhu ;fs; vd;W kpf ePz;lfhykhfNt

fUjg;gl;LtUfpwJ. Mdhy; ,J xU jtwhd fUj;jhFk;. Vnddpy; mNugpau;

fsj;jpw;F te;jNghJ> fpNuf;f kUj;Jtk; Kw;whf mope;J NghapUe;jJ.

vy;yh ,lq;fspYk; khe;jpuPfKk; trpaKNk tof;fpypUe;jd. me;jr; rkaj;jpNy

mNugpau;fs; fpNuf;f mwpTr; nry;tj;ij moptpypUe;J fhg;ghw;wpaNjhL

kl;Lk; epy;yhky;> fpNuf;f kUj;Jtj;jpw;F tpupTiufs; vOjpajd; %yKk;>

mjpy; jpUj;jq;fs; nra;jjd; %yNk INuhg;ghtpNy tpQ;Qhdj;jpd;ghy; xU

Ritiaj; Njhw;Wtpj;jjd; %yKk; mjid [duQ;rfg;gLj;jp itj;jhu;fs;.

mNugpau; fpNuf;f kUj;Jt E}y;fisr; Nrfupj;J> mtw;iw mwG nkhopapy;

nkhop ngau;j;jNjhL kl;Lk; jq;fs; eltbf;iffisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jpf;nfhz;L>

,e;j mwpit mtu;fs; kPz;Lk; INuhg;ghTf;Ff; flj;jpapUe;jhy; $l mJ

xU jho;e;j rhjidahfptplhJ. Mdhy; mjw;F NkYk; nrd;W> %y E}y;fis

vOjpdhu;fs; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

! Fwpg;ghf mg;gh]pau; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpNyNa> K];ypk;fspd; mutizg;gpy;

tsu Muk;gpj;j kUj;Jt tpQ;Qhdk; gioa rpwg;igAk; Gjpa nkUifAk;

ngw;wJ. ,f;fhyj;jpNyNa Gfo;ngw;w kUj;Jt Nkijfs; gyu; Njhd;wp

kUj;Jt Muha;r;rpfspy; <Lgl;Lg; Gjpa cz;ikfisAk; fUj;Jf;fisAk;

fz;Lgpbj;jdu;. kUj;Jtj;jpd; rpwg;Gj; Jiwfs; jdpj;jdp tpQ;Qhdkhf

tsu Muk;gpj;jd. kUj;Jtf; fy;Y}upfSk; gy;NtW trjpfisf; nfhz;l

kUj;JtkidfSk; K];ypk; NguuR vq;Fk; epWtg;gl;ld. mg;gh]pa Ml;rpapd;

gpw;$wpy; K];ypk;fshy; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l fpNuf;f kUj;Jt mwpitAk; mNugpa

kUj;Jt KiwiaAk; INuhg;ghtpDs; flj;Jk; gzp Muk;gkhdJ. fpNuf;f

kUj;JtKk; mNwgpa kUj;JtKk; ,ize;jjd; %yk; Njhd;wpa a+dhdp

kUj;Jt Kiwia cyFf;F mspj;j ngUik K];ypk;fisNa rhUk;.

mtu;fNs ,f;fhy kUj;Jt tpQ;Qhdj;jpd; je;ijau;fshfTk; ,Ue;jdu;.

! H.G.Wells, The outline & History vDk; E}ypy; "K];ypk;fs; kUj;Jtj;Jiwapy;

ngUk; mgptpUj;jpia Vw;gLj;jpdhu;fs;. mtu;fsJ rpfpr;ir KiwfSs;

gy ,d;Dk; Gof;fj;jpy; ,Uf;fpd;wd. rj;jpurpfpr;irapd; NghJ kaf;f kUe;ij

,tu;fNs ghtpj;jdu;. INuhg;gpa cyfpy;> rka rlq;FfshNyNa Neha;fisf;

Fzg;gLj;j KbAk; vd;W ek;gpr; nrayhw;wpa kjgPlj;jhy; kUj;Jtj; njhopy;

jilnra;ag;gl;bUe;j fhyj;jpNyNa mNugpau; cz;ikahd kUj;Jt

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Kiwiag; gpd;gw;wpdu; vd;fpwhu;.

! kj;jpafhy K];ypk; kUj;JtNkijfs; INuhg;gpaUf;F Kd;dNu gy

Neha;j;jLg;G Kiwfisf; fz;lwpe;J cyFf;F mwpKfk; nra;J itj;jdu;.

Inoculation vd;W miof;fg;gLk; fpUkp GFj;jy;> mk;ik Fj;Jk; Vaccication

Kiwia fp.gp. 1679 ,y; JUf;fpa K];ypk;fNs Kjypy; fz;Lgpbj;jdu;.

! Mdhy; ,d;iwa kUe;J cyfk; vl;tu;l; n[d;dNu vd;w Mq;fpy ehl;L

kUj;JtNu 1796 ,y; mk;ik Fj;Jk; Kiwia fz;L gpbj;jjhf

nfhz;lhLfpd;wdu;. cz;ik ahnjdpy; vl;tu;l; n[d;dUf;F Rkhu; 115

tUlq;fSf;F Kd;dNk K];ypk;fs; mijf; fz;Lgpbj;Jg; gad;gLj;jp te;jdu;.

! rj;jpu rpfpr;irj; Jiwiag; nghWj;jkl;by; mwG K];ypk; kUj;Jtu;fs;

rP]u; ntl;L (Caesarean) Kjy; fz; mWitr; rpfpr;ir tiu kpfr; rpf;fyhd

rj;jpu rpfpr;ir Kiwfs; midj;ijAk; mwpe;J itj;jpUe;jdu;.

ngUe;njhifahd rj;jpu rpfpr;irf; fUtpfs;> Fwpg;ghf gy;NtW tifahd

Ma; fj;jpfs;> Scalpels mtu;fshy; tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;ld. mtw;Ws; rpy

kpfr; rpwpa khw;wq;fSld; ,d;Wk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.

! ,t;thW gy;NtW topfspYk; kUj;Jtj; Jiwf;Fg; ngUk; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j

mwG K];ypk;fspd; gq;fspg;G gw;wp -jhuPf; jkj;Jd; my;,];yhkp- vd;w

E}ypy; [{u;[p i]jhd; gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

! 'rj;jpu rpfpr;ir itj;jpaj;jpy; RL fUtpfis (Cauterizing Agents) Kjd;

Kjyhfg; gad;gLj;j Muk;gpj;jtu;fs; K];ypk;fNs> raNuhfj;jpdhy;

gPbf;fg;gl;l Nehahsupy; fhzg;gLk; efq;fspd; epiy gw;wp mtu;fNs

tptupj;jdu;. guTk; Nehahd nrq;fz;khup Neha;f;Fupa rpfpr;iria mtu;fNs

fz;Lgpbj;jdu;. %f;fpypUe;J FUjp tbjYf;F jiyapy; Fspu;e;j ePiu

Cw;w mtu;fNs MNyhrid $wpdu;. fl;fhrk; Catrac ,w;fhf mWitr;

rpfpr;ir Kiw mNugpa K];ypk;fshNyNa tptupf;fg;gl;lJ. fy;yfw;Wk;

(Lithoromc) rpfpr;ir Kiw $l mtu;fsJ fz;Lgpbg;ghFk;.

! ,it kl;Lkd;wp fz;fspy; cz;lhFk; cataract fl;rhfk;> fz; tpy;iyfspd;

xsp Gfh ,ay;G (Opacity) fhuzkhfNt Vw;gLfpwJ vd;gij mwG

kUj;Jtu;fs; mwpe;jpUe;jdu;. ghu;itf; FiwTf;F gy;NtW tYf;fisf;

nfhz;l Power lenses nghUj;jg;gl;l %f;Ff; fz;zhb gad;gLj;jTk; mwG

K];ypk;fNs mwpe;J itj;jpUe;jdu;. rj;jpu rpfpr;irapd; NghJ Nehahspf;F

czu;r;rpaw;w epiyia cz;lhf;Ftjw;fhf kaf;f kUe;Jfisg; ghtpf;Fk;

Kiwiaf; fz;lwpe;jik> ngupa rj;jpu rpfpr;irfspd; NghJ xU thuj;jpw;Ff;

$l Nehahspfis mtu;fs; kaf;f epiyapy; itj;jpUe;jdu;.

! ,t;thW gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j K];ypk;fSs; mg+gf;fu; ]fupa;ah mu;uh]p

Fwpg;gplj;jf;f xUtuhthu;. kUj;Jtf; fiy gw;wp 117 ,w;F Nky;gl;l E}y;fis

vOjpatuhff; fUjg;gLfpwhu;. ,tuJ 12 ghfq;fs; nfhz;l "my;`htp"

vDk; E}y; Gfo;ngw;w xU kUj;Jt E}yhFk;. ,tuJ 'fpjhGy; [{jup

ty;`];gh`;" vDk; E}y; ngupak;ik rpd;dk;ik gw;wp tpsf;FfpwJ.

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ngupak;ik flTspd; jz;lid vdf; fUjg;gl;L te;j kf;fspilNa mjid

xU Neha; vd;w tifapy; tpsf;Fk; Kjy; E}yhfTk; ngupak;ikf;Fk;

rpd;dikf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s tpj;jpahrj;ij tpsf;Fk; Kjy; E}yhfTk;

,J fhzg;gLfpwJ.

! William Harvey ,w;Fg; gy E}w;whz;LfSf;F Kd;dNk Capillary Circulation

vDk; ,uj;Njhl;l Kiw gw;wp "fpjhGy; khypfp" vDk; E}ypy; myp ,g;D

mg;gh]; my; k[P]p vDk; mwG kUj;Jtu; tpsf;fpAs;shu;. K];ypk; kUj;Jt

NkijfSs; mGy; fh]pk; mg;gh]; m];]`;uhtp vd;gtu; surgery vDk;

mWitr; rpfpr;irj; Jiwapy; rpwg;Gw;W tpsq;fpdhu;. ,tu; "mj;jg;]Pu;"

vDk; 30 ghfq;fs; nfhz;l ngUk; kUj;Jtf; fiyf; fsQ;rpankhd;iwNa

vOjpdhu;. fz;> fhJ> gw;fNshL njhlu;Gila mWitr; rpfpr;ir Kiwfis

,e;E}ypy; tpsf;Fk; mtu; gy rpfpr;ir cgfuzq;fs; gw;wpAk; gy tpsf;fq;fis

mspj;Js;shu;. fp.gp. 15 Kjy; 18 Mk; E}w;whz;L tiu ,tuJ ,e;E}y;

INuhg;gpa gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L te;jJ.

! ek; Kd;Ndhu;fSs; myp ,g;D ]Pdh kUj;Jt tpQ;Qhd tsu;r;rpapd; cr;r

epiyf;Ff; fhuzkhapUe;jtuhthu;. 'mtpnrd;dh' my;yJ mntd;]Pdh

Nghd;w ngau;fshy; INuhg;gpau; kj;jpapy; gpugy;ak; mile;jpUe;jhu;. ,tuJ

"fhD}d;" vDk; E}y; kUj;Jtj; Jiwapd; iggpshf kjpf;fg;gl;lJ vd

Osler vDk; Nkw;fj;Nja mwpQu; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. 17Mk; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjptiu

Nkiyj;Nja kUj;Jtu;fshYk; kUj;Jt khztu;fshYk; tpUk;gp thrpf;fg;gl;l

,e;E}iy a+dhdp kUj;Jtk; gapy;Nthu; ,d;W gad;gLj;jp tUfpd;wdu;.

! K];ypk; kUj;Jt mwpQu;fs; Jtq;fpitj;j Muha;r;rpfs; fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fs;

%yk; kUj;Jtj; Jiw tsu;e;J Xq;fyhapw;W. cikahf;fsJ Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy;

FUlu;fSf;fhfTk; F\;lNuhfpfSf;fhfTk; Mq;fhq;F kUj;Jt kidfs;

Muk;gpf;fg;gl;ld. Mdhy; mg;gh]paf; fhyj;jpNyNa xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;l

kUj;Jtkidfs; Njhd;w Muk;gpj;jd. gf;jhj;> lk];f];> nfa;Nuh Mfpa

gFjpfspy; vz;zw;w kUj;Jt kidfs; Njhd;wpaNjhL rpiwr;rhiyfspy;

$l ifjpfSf;fhd kUj;Jt trjpfs; nra;J nfhLf;fg;gl;ld. mj;NjhL

gs;spthry;fSf;F mz;ikapy; KjYjtp epiyaq;fSk; epWtg;gl;ld.

,k;kUj;Jt kidfNshL ,ize;J kUj;Jtf; fy;Y}upfs; nray;gl;ld.

gf;jhj;> lk];f];> nfa;Nuh> kf;fh> n[&]yk;> `u;uhd; Mfpa gFjpfspy;

vz;zw;w kUj;Jtf; fyh epiyaq;fs; ,e;j mbg;gilapy; epWtg;gl;ld.

,f;fyh epiyaq;fspy; tpupTiuahsu;fs; Galen, mu;uh]p> my; k[P]p

MfpNahuJ E}y;fspd; mbg;gilapy; tpupTiufis epfo;j;jpdu;.

! K];ypk; kUj;Jt mwpQu;fs; fpNuf;f kUj;Jt E}y;fis ntWkNd

nkhopngau;j;J> mtw;iwf; FUl;Lj; jdkhff; fz;iz %bf; nfhz;L

gpd;gw;wtpy;iy. jiyrpwe;j fpNuf;f kUj;Jt E}y;fis mwG nkhopf;F

nkhop ngau;j;jNjhL mtw;iw moptpd; epd;Wk; fhg;ghw;wpdu;. ,J kl;Lkd;wp

mtw;iw tpku;rd uPjpahf Muha;e;J Galen, Hippocrotas Nghd;w fpNuf;f

kUj;Jtu;fspd; jtWfisj; jpUj;jp ,j;Jiwapy; gy Gjpa rpj;jhj;jq;fisAk;

toq;fpdu;. ,r;rpe;jidfs; ];igDf;Fk; ]p]pypf;F%lhf INuhg;ghTf;Fs;

Eioe;J INuhg;gpa kUj;Jtf; fiy tuyhw;wpd; Mo;e;j jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpd.

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Gtpapay; Jiwg; gq;fspg;GGtpapay; Jiwg; gq;fspg;GGtpapay; Jiwg; gq;fspg;GGtpapay; Jiwg; gq;fspg;GGtpapay; Jiwg; gq;fspg;G

! cyfpy; kpfTk; njhd;iktha;e;j xU tpQ;Qhdq;fspy; xd;whf Gtpapay;

Jiw fUjg;gLfpwJ. kdpjd; ,g;Gtpapy; Njhd;wpaJ KjNy ,f;fiyapd;

njhlf;fKk; Muk;gpf;fpwJ. ggpNyhdpau;> fpNuf;fu;> Nuhku; vdg; gyUk;

,j;Jiwapy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Js;sdu;. kj;jpa fhyg;gpuptpy; Gtpapay; Jiwf;F

mwgpfspd; gq;fspg;G kfj;jhdJ. ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wj;jpw;F Kd;dNu mwgpfs;

fly; fle;j tu;j;jfj;jpy; <Lgl;ldu;. ehLfs;> ngsjpf #o;epiyfs;> khdpl

r%fq;fs;> Nghf;Ftuj;Jg; ghijfs; gw;wpa mwpitg; ngw;wpUe;jdu;. ,J

mtu;fsJ tu;j;jf eltbf;if fhuzkhf GtpapaNyhL guPl;rak; ngw

tha;g;Ngw;gLj;jpaJ.

! ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wj;ij mLj;J mwG K];ypk;fs; Gtpapay; Jiwapy;

<LghL fhl;Ltjw;Fg; ngUk; ce;J rf;jpahf my;Fu;Mdpd; gy trdq;fs;

fhzg;gl;ld.

! my;Fu;Md; Gtpapy; tho;e;J nrd;w gy r%fq;fs; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. Gtp

gw;wpAk; mjd; Njhw;wk;> mjd; tbtikg;G> Gtpapy; cs;s gilg;Gf;fs;>

gw;wpnay;yhk; Ngrp> mit Fwpj;Jr; rpe;jpf;fj; J}z;LfpwJ.

! tuyhw;wpy; Kf;fpa epfo;Tfs; ,lk; ngw;w jyq;fis my;Fu;Md;

Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ. #wh f`;gpy; Fifthrpfs;” jq;fpapUe;j Fif gw;wpf;

$wpAs;sJ. E}`; (miy) mtu;fspd; fg;gy; J}ghd; nts;sj;jpy; xJq;fpa

[{jp kiy gw;wp> %]h miy) mtu;fspd; ,iwabahu; xUtiur;

re;jpg;gjw;fhfr; nrd;w ,U fly;fs; rq;fkpf;Fk; ,lk; Nghd;wd gw;wp

my;Fu;Md; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

! mt;thNw Jy;fu;idd; nrd;wile;j #upa m];jkd jpir gw;wpAk; Mj;>

r%j; r%fq;fs; tho;e;j ,lq;fs; gw;wpAk; my;Fu;Md; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

! cyfpd; ehyh jpf;Ffspy; ,Ue;Jk; f/ghit Nehf;fptUk; K];ypk;fs; jhk;

gad;gLj;Jk; ghijfs;> ClWj;Jr; nry;Yk; ghiy epyq;fs;> fly;fs;>

ejpfs;> rkntspfs; ,it gw;wpj; njupe;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; jhk; nry;Yk;

,lq;fspd; jl;g ntg;g epiyfis mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; NkYk; jkJ

flikahd njhOifia epiwNtw;Wtjw;F jpiria mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;Fk;

Gtpapay; gw;wpa mwpT K];ypk;fSf;F mtrpakhfpaJ. ,jdhy; mtu;fs;

,j;Jiwapy; mjpf <LghL fhl;bdu;.

! ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; mg;ghrpau; fhyj;jpy; Vw;gl;l tpQ;Qhd mwptpay;

Mu;tk; gy;NtW E}y;fisAk; fpNuf;f nkhopapypUe;J mwGf;F nkhopngau;f;f

toptif nra;jJ. ,J Kd;ida ehfupfq;fs; ngw;wpUe;j Gtpapay; mwpT

gw;wpj; njupe;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; mf;fiyia NkYk; tsu;g;gjw;Fk; Gjpa

fz;L gpbg;Gf;fis Nkw;nfhs;sTk; fpNuf;fu; tpl;Lr; nrd;w ,lj;jpypUe;J

mjid NkYk; tsu;j;Jr; nry;tjw;Fk; K];ypk;fSf;F ce;J rf;jpaha;

mike;jJ. ,J jtpu fp.gp. 8 Mk; E}w;whz;by; ,];yhkpa rhk;uh[;aj;jpd;

vy;iy tl Mgpupf;f> nr];dpah> ];igd;> rpe;J vd kpfTk; tprhykile;jJ.

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,e;ehLfis Ml;rp nra;j K];ypk;fs; mq;Fs;s kf;fs; njhif> mtu;fsJ

njhopy;> mg;gpuNjrq;spy; mlq;fpAs;s ,aw;if tsq;fs;> gpuNjrj;jpd; epUthf

vy;iyfs;> may; ehLfs;> jiu kw;Wk; ePu; khu;f;fkhf gazk; nra;af;

$ba topfs;> gUtg; ngau;r;rpf; fhw;Wfs;> Jiw Kfq;fs; gw;wpnay;yhk;

njupa Ntz;bNaw;gl;likahy; mtu;fs; Gtpapay; JiwNahL jk;ik

,uz;lwg; gpizj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;ba epu;g;ge;jk; Vw;gl;lJ vdyhk;.

! mg;ghrpau; nkhop ngau;g;Gf;fspy; ,jd; tpisthf> Vida r%fq;fSk;>

ehfupfq;fSk; ngw;wpUe;j mwpit K];ypk;fs; ngwTk; mtw;iwg; guPl;rpj;Jg;

ghu;f;fTk; mtw;wpy; fhzg;gl;l gpiofisj; jpUj;jp mikf;fTk; mtu;fs;

tpl;Lr; nrd;w ,lj;jpypUe;J ,f;fiyia NkYk; tsu;j;Jr; nry;yTk;

tha;Ngw;wl;lJ.

! tpQ;Qhdf; fiyfs; gadw;wit vd;W kl;Lkd;wp mit NfL tpistpf;ff;

$bad vd fpwp];jt kjf; Futu;fs; Nghjpj;J te;j fhy fl;lj;jpy; thdtpay;>

Gtpapay; fiyfs; Vsdj;Jf;Fl;gl;ld. tpQ;Qhdpfs; Jd;GWj;jy;fSf;F

cs;shdhu;fs;. cyfk; ,j;jF gpd;dilTf;Fl;gl;bUe;j fhyj;jpy; fp. gp. 7

Mk; E}w;whz;L Kjy; Gtpapay; kw;Wk; tpQ;Qhdf; fiyfis K];ypk;fNs

moptpypUe;J ghJfhj;J tsu;j;Jr; nrd;wdu;.

! cyf tuyhw;wpy; fpwp];jt gilnaLg;ghsu;fs; myf;rhe;jpupahtpypUe;j

E}y; epiyaj;ij mopj ;jdu ; . rpYit tPuu ;fSk; kq;Nfhypag ;

gilnaLg;ghsu;fSk; ,];yhkpa ehfupfk; toq;fpa tpQ;Qhd mwptpay;

nghf;fp\q;fis mopj;jdu;.

! Mdhy;> K];ypk;fNsh jhk; ifg;gw;wpa ehLfspy; fpilj;j mwpTf;

fUT+yq;fisAk; fiyg; nghf;fp\q;fisAk; Ngzpg; ghJfhj;J> tpUj;jp

nra;J tsu;j;jdu;.

! K];ypk; tuyhw;wpy; mg;ghrpa fyPgh kh%d; 70 tpQ;Qhdpfs; nfhz;l xU

FOit epakpj;J Gtpapd; Rw;wsitf; fzpf;fTk; rpd;[hu; rkntspapy; xU

ghifapd; J}u msT vt;tsT vd mstplTk; Kaw;rpj;jhu;. ,f;fhyj;jpy;

cyfk ; cUz;ilahdJ vd ; gij K] ;y pk ; t pQ ;Qhd pfs ;

fz;lwpe;jpUe;jjdhNyNa cyfpd; Rw;wsitf; fzf;fpl fyPgh k/%d;

Jzpe;jhu;. fypypNahTf;F Kd;djhfNt cyfk; cUz;il vd;gijf;

fz;lwpe;j K];ypk; mwpQu; my;gp&dp cyfpd; Rw;wsit msg;gjw;F

tpaf;fj;jf;f vspaNjhu; tha;g;ghl;ilAk; Kjd; Kjypy; tFj;jspj;jhu;.

,jid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Gtpapd; Rw;wsit Vwj;jhs 25009 iky;

vd mtu;fs; fz;lwpe;jdu;.

! G+kp NfhstbthdJ vd;w fUj;ij K];ypk; Gtpapayhsu;fs; cWjpahf

vLj;jpak;gpdu;. kj;jpa fhyg; gFjpapy; G+kp Xu; ,lj;jpy; epiyahf ,Uf;fpwJ

vd INuhg;gpau; ek;gpdu;. ,jw;F khw;wkhf G+kp jd; mr;rpy; Rod;W tUfpd;wJ

vd;w fUj;ij K];ypk; Gtpapayhsu;fs; epWtp te;jdu;.

! #upad; G+kpiar; Rw;wptUfpw njd Muk;g fhy tpQ;Qhdpfs; ek;gpdu;. mG+

]<j; ]d;[up vd;gtu; G+kp #upaidr; Rw;wptUfpwJ vd;w fUj;ij Kjypy;

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Kd;itj;jhu;. K];ypk; Gtpapayhsu;fs; Kd;itj;j ,f;fUj;Jf;fis mbahff;

nfhz;Nl INuhg;gpa tpQ;Qhdp nfhg;gdpf]; jd; fUj;Jf;fis epWtp te;jhu;.

! cyfpy; Guhjd Njrg; glj;ijf; fpNuf;fu;fNs tiue;jdu;. mjidj; jpUj;jpr;

rpwe;j Njrg;glq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;fhd Gtpapay;> thdtpay;> fzpjtpay;

mwpit K];ypk;fs; ngw;wpUe;jjd; tpisthf gy Gjpa Njrg;glq;fs;

mtu;fshy; tiuag;gl;ld. gy;NtW > K];ypk; Njr tiugl fiyQu;fshy;

Gtpapay; glq;fs; tiuag;gl;lhYk; my;Kfj;j]p vDk; mwpQu; fhyj;jhy;

gpw;gl;l Njrg;gl tiufiyQuhthu;. ,tu; K];ypk; cyfpid 14 gFjpfshfg;

gpupj;J xt;nthd;iwAk; jdpj;jdpahf tiue;jhu;. mtu; cUthf;fpa Njrg;

glj;jpd; tpNrl mk;rk; ahnjdpy; mjpy; gy;NtW epwq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld.

gupr;rakhd ghijfs; rptg;ghYk;> kzw; gpuNjrq;fs; kQ;rs; epwj;jhYk;

ctu; epwf; fly;fs; gr;ir epwj;jhYk; Kf;fpakhd MWfs; ePy epwj;jhYk;

gpujhd kiyfs; ntspu; rhk;gy; epwj;jhYk; milahskplg;gl;bUe;jd.

my; kf;jp]pw;Fg; gpd;du; my; ,j;uP]pd; glq;fs; Kf;fpakhdit. mtu;>

jhd; tFj;j 7 fhyepiyg; gpupTfisAk; fhl;Lk; tpjkhf G+Nfhsj;jpy;

milahsg;gLj;jpdhu;. mtuhy; tiuag;gl;l glq;fs; fpof;fj;Nja K];ypk;

cyif tpl Nkw;fj;Nja ,];yhkpa cyfpidr; rpwg;ghf vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wd.

! fly; topg; gazj;jpd; Kd;NdhbfshfTk; K];ypk;fs; jpfo;e;Js;sdu;.

t];nfhlfhkhTf;F kype;jp vDk; Mgpupf;fhtpy; cs;s Xu; ,lj;jpypUe;J

fypfl;l vDk; Nfushtpy; cs;s Xu; ,lk; tiu ,g;D kh[pj; vd;gtNu

flw;gazj;jpd; topfhl;bahfj; jpfo;e;Js;shu;. ,J kl;Lkd;wp nfhyk;g];

mnkupf;fhitr; nrd;wila Kaw;rpg;gjw;F 500 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;Ng

K];ypk;fs; mnkupf;fhitr; nrd;wile;jpUe;jdu; vd jw;fhy Ma;thsu;fs;

fUJfpd;wdu;.

thdtpay; fiythdtpay; fiythdtpay; fiythdtpay; fiythdtpay; fiy

! ,];yhj;jpw;F Kw;gl;l fhyk; njhl;Nl mNugpau; tho;T thdtpaYld;

neUq;fpa njhlu;G nfhz;bUe;jJ. ghiy tdq;fspD}lhfr; nrd;w tu;j;jfg;

ghijfis milahsq;fhz el;rj;jpuq;fNs mtu;fSf;Fg; ngupJk; cjtpd.

el;rj;jpuq;fSld; fhzg;gl;l neUf;fkhd cwtpd; fhuzkhf rpyu;

el;rj;jpuq;fis tzq;fpdu;.

! ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wj;NjhL njhOiff;fhf Neuj;ij mwpjy;> ukohd;> `[;

Kjyhdtw;Wf;fhf khjq;fis fzf;fply; Kjyhdtw;wpw;fhf thdtpay;

gw;wpa mwpT fl;lhakhf;fpaJ. gpuNjrj;jpw;Fg; gpuNjrk; Neuk;> kw;Wk;

gpiwapd; Njhw;wk; vd;gd NtWgLtij Jy;ypakhf fzpg;gpLtjw;fhfTk;

NtW gy;NtW Njitfspd; nghUl;Lk; Gtpapd; efu;T> kw;Wk; G+ kj;jpa

Nuif> G+kj;jpa Nuiff;Fk; gpuNjrq;fSf;fpilNaAk; cs;s J}uk;

Kjyhdtw;iw mwpa Ntz;bapUe;jJ. mt;thNw K];ypk;fs; fly; fle;j

tu;j;jf eltbf;iff;fhfTk; el;rj;jpuq;fspd; miktplk; gw;wpa tiuglq;fis

tiue;J mtw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l fgw;wpAk; MuhAkhW J}z;LfpwJ.

! jq;fSf;F NkypUf;Fk; thdj;ij mtu;fs; ftdpj;Jg; ghu;f;ftpy;iyah?

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ehk; mjid vt;thW (xU fl;Lf; Nfhg;ghf) mikj;J mjid vt;thW

(el;rj;jpuq;fisf; nfhz;L) myq;fhukhf;fp itj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;. mjpy;

vj;jifa ntbg;Gf;fSk; ,y;iy. (50:6)

mtNd (nghOij) tpbar; nra;gtd;. mtNd (epj;jpiu nra;J ePq;fs;)

Rfkiltjw;fhf ,uit Mf;fpdhd;. (ePq;fs; fhyj;jpd; fzf;if mwptjw;fhf

#upaidAk; re;jpuidAk; (Mf;fpdhd;) (6:97)

! Fyghf;fs; fhyj;jpYk; cikahf;fs; fhyj;jpYk; ehl;bd; epu;thfk; r%f

tho;T Nghd;w Jiwfspy; mjpf <LghL fhl;l Ntz;bNaw;gl;ljhy; tpuy;

tpl;L vz;zf; $ba kpfr; rpy K];ypk;fNs tpQ;Qhdf; fiyfspy;

<LghLfhl;bdu;.

! cikah Ml;rpapd; ,Wjpg; gFjpfspy; mwpT> Muha;r;rpj; Jiwfspy; mjpf

ftdk; nrYj;jpa K];ypk;fs; mg;ghrpaf; fhyj;jpy; epWtg;gl;l igJy;

`pf;khtpd; JizAld; Jupj Ntfj;jpy; Kd;Ndwpdu;. gpw nkhop E}y;fs;

nkhopngau;f;fg;gl;ljhy; ghurPf> fpNuf;f> ,e;jpa thdtpaw; fUj;Jf;fs;

mtu;fSf;Ff; fpilj;jd. mj;Jld; mg;ghrpa fyPghf;fSk; thdtpay; Jiwf;F

mtrpakhd trjpfisr; nr;aJ nfhLj;jdu;.

! fp.gp. vl;lhk; E}w;whz;bd; gpw;gFjpapy; Fwpg;ghf mg;ghrpaf; fyPgh `h&d;>

kh%d; MfpNahuJ fhyg;gpuptpy; thdtpaw; fiy tsu;r;rpf;F ngUkstpy;

cjtpfs; toq;fg;gl;ld. mg;ghrpa fyPgh mG+ [/gu; my; kd;]{u; jdJ

muritf;F gf;jhj; tpQ;Qhdpahd ah$g; ,g;D jhupf; cld; r%fkspj;j

,e;jpa Njr tpQ;Qhdp kd;fhit tuNtw;W cgrupj;jhu;. kd;fh

nfhz;Lte;jpUe;j rk];fpuj nkhopapyhd "rpe;jhe;j" vDk; thdtpay; E}ypy;

gpujpia mwG nkhopf;Fg; ngau;f;Fk; gzpia K`k;kj; ,g;D ,g;uh`pk;

my; g]hupaplk; xg;gilj;jhu;. ah$g; gpd; ,g;uh`Pk; vd;gtuJ cjtpAld;

g]hup ,e;E}iy nkhop ngau;j;jhu;. ,k; nkhopngau;g;G thdpay; Jiwapd;

tsu;r;rpf;F cjtpaJ.

! fyPgh k/%d; fhyj;jpy; igJy; ̀ pf;khtpy; nkhopngau;g;Gf;fhfTk; thdpiy

mtjhdj;jpw;fhfTk; jdpahd Vw;ghLfs; fhzg;gl;ld. jdpegu;fs; rpyUk;

nkhopngau;g;gpy; Mu;tk; fhl;bdu;. mt;thNw gf;jhj; lk];f]; ,];gfhd;

Kjyhd efuq;fspy; fyPghTk; NtW nry;tk; gilj;j jdpegu;fSk; thdpiy

mtjhd epiyaq;fis epWtpdu;. ,jd; tpisthf gpurpj;jp ngw;w thdtpaw;

fiy mwpQu;fs; E}w;Wf;fzf;fpy; fp.gp. 10-14 Mk; E}w;whz;LfSf;fpilapy;

Njhd;wpdu;.

! Rkhu; 12 Ma;T epiyaq;fs; thdpay; Ma;Tf;nfd K];ypk;fshy;

epWtg;gl;bUe;jd. thdpay; njhlu;ghd kpfr; rupahd KbTfis vLg;gjw;fhf

K];ypk;fs; ePz;lfhy mtjhdq;fis Nkw;nfhz;ldu;. rpy mtjhdq;fs;

40 tUlq;fs; tiu njhlu;r;rpahf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,jdhy; fpNuf;f

mwpQu;fspd; gy;NtW mtjhdq;fs; kPs; guprPyidf;F cl;gl;ld. njhykpapd;

thdtpay; ml;ltizia jpUj;jp mikj;jdu;.

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! igJy; ̀ pf;khtpd; thdpiy mtjhd epiyaj;jpd; #upa fpufzj;jpd; rupT>

#upa tl;lj;jpd; nkhj;j ehl;fs;> #upad; g+kj;jpa Nuifiaj; jhz;Lk;

ehs; Nghd;wd mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld.

! fyPgh k/%d; jdJ mur rigapd; gpujhd tpQ;Qhdpfshd m`;kj;>

K`k;kj; `]d; Mfpa ,UtiuAk; g+kpapd; Rw;wsitf; fzpf;FkhW

gzpj;jhu;. xU ghifapd; J}uj;ij 56 2/3 mwG iky; vdf; fzpj;J

g+kpapd; Rw;wsT 204000 iky; vd;Wk; g+kpapd; tpl;lk; 6500 iky; vdTk;

fzpj;jdu;.

! ,g;uh`pk; my; g]hup nkhopngau;j;j E}iyj; jOtp rpe;J`pe;J my; fgpu;

vd;w xU E}iy vOjpdhu;. fpjhg; my; kpf;ah];> fpjhg; my; ]p[;> fpjhg;

my; mky; gpy; c];Ju;yhg;> fpjhg; my; fh]pjh gp cY}y; my; E[_k;

Mfpa E}y;fis mtu; vOjpdhu;.

! K];ypk;fspd; Kjd;Kjyhd c];ju;Nyhg; (Astrolabe) xd;iw nra;j ngUik

,g;uh`pk; my; g]hupiaNa rhUk;. ,jidg; gad;gLj;JtJ njhlu;ghf

fpjhg; gpd; mky; my; c];Juyhg; vd;w E}y; tpsf;FfpwJ. ]p[; vdg;gLfpd;w

thdtpay; ml;ltiznahd;iwAk; mtu; vOjpdhu;.

! fyPgh mg+ [/gu; my; kd;]{u; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j m`;kj; gpd; K`k;kj;

my; ehfhte;jp ,f;fiyapd; fhyj;jhy; Ke;jpatuhthu;. my; K];j/ky;

vd;W ngauplg;gl;l xU thdtpay; ml;ltiziaj; jdJ nrhe;j mtjhd

epiyaj;jpy; mtjhdpj;j tplaq;fis ikakhf itj;Jj; jahu; nra;jhu;.

! k/%dpd; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j m`;kj; my; gu;fhd; vd;w Gfo; ngw;w

thdtpayhsu; `ufhj; m];]khtpa;ah t[thkp ,y;k; me;E[_k; vDk;

E}iy vOjpdhu;. ,J el;rj;jpuq;fspd; efu;Tfs; gw;wp tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. g+kpapd;

tpl;lk; 6500 iky; vd;W fzpj;j mtu; Nfhs;fspd; tpl;lq;fisAk;

fzpj;Js;shu;. fpupNkhdhtpy; tho;e;j [u;`u;l; vd;gtu; ,jid ,yj;jpd;

nkhopf;Fg; ngau;j;jhu;. ,jd; mwG nkhopg; gpujp xf;Nghu;l;> ghup];> vfpg;J

Kjyhd E}y;epiyaq;fspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

! gD} ]fpu; vd;wiof;fg;gl;l %]h gpd; ]$u; vd;gtupd; gps;isfshd

K`k;kj;> m ;̀kj;> ̀ ]d; MfpNahu; Gfo;ngw;w thdtpay; fiyQu;fshtu;.

jkJ nrhe;j thdpiy mtjhd epiyaj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J

re;jpud; cs;s J}uk; fpufzj;jpd; rha;T g+kj;jpa Nuifia #upad; flf;Fk;

jpdk; vd;gtw;iwr; rupahff; fzpj;jhu;.

! fpd;jpapd; rkfhyj;jtuhd mg+ k`;\u; (Al bumasar) vOjpa ]p[; mgP

k`;\u; vDk; thdtpay; ml;ltiz gpurpj;jkhdJ. fpjhg; kj;fy; my;

fgPu;> fpjhg; my; cY}k; kthypJ up[hy;> fpjhGy; fpuhdhj; vd;gd mtu;

vOjpa E}y;fshFk;. re;jpud; gw;wp Ma;T nra;j ,tu; flyiyfspy; Vw;gLk;

cau;T jho;TfSf;F Vw;g re;jpudpd; <u;g;G rf;jp NtWgLfpd;wJ vd;w

fUj;ij Kd;itj;jhu;.

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! mGy; `]d; mg;Ju; u`;khd m];]{gp (fp.gp 903-986) vd;w Gfo; ngw;w

thdtpayhsu; fpjhg; my; fthfpg; my; ]hgpj; my; K]t;tu; vd;w E}iy

vOjpdhu;. ,jd; mwG nkhop E}Yk; gpuhd;rpa nkhop ngau;g;Gk; ,d;Wk;

fpilf;fpd;wd. mtuJ thdtpay; ml;ltizapy; el;rj;jpuq;fspd; ngau;>

mtw;wpd; gUkd;> mtw;wpd; efu;T> epwkhw;wk; Kjyhdtw;NwhL el;rj;jpuq;fspd;

miktplq;fisg; glq;fspd; cjtpAld; tpsf;fpAs;shu;. Fwpg;ghf 48

el;rj;jpuq;fspd; miktplq;fis mtu; Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;shu;. ,yj;jPd;> gpud;r;>

ghurPfk; Kjyhd nkhopfSf;F ,J nkhop ngau;f;fg;gl;ls;sJ. ,];ghdpa

nkhopapy; ,e;E}Yf;F xU tpsf;fTiu vOjg;gl;ls;sJ. INuhg;gpa

thdtpayhsu;fspd; Ma;TSf;F ,e;E}y; mbj;jskhf mike;jJ.

! fp.gp. 858 ,y; gpwe;j mg;Jy;yh`; K`k;kj; ,g;D [hgpu; my; gjhdp (fp.gp

858-929) njhiyNehf;fpf; fUtp %yk; tpz;iz Muha;e;J el;rj;jpuq;fspd;

tpguj; njhFg;nghd;iw ntspapl;lhu;. fpjhg; k/upghj; kjhyp my; G&[; gp

kh igd mwg; my; gyf;> up]hyh gp j`;fPf; kpf;jhupy; ,f;jp]hyh vDk;

E}y;fs; gpurpj;jkhdit. jdJ thdtpay; ml;ltizapy; epiyahd

el;rj;jpuq;fs;> fpufzq;fspd; rupT > gUt khw;wq;fs;> #upadpd; Rw;Wg;ghij>

Nfhs;fspd; Rw;Wg;ghij> GJg;gpiw fz;fSf;Fj; njupaf;$ba Neuj;ij

mwptjw;fhf mwpTiu> #upa> re;jpuf; fpufzq;fs; gw;wp tpsf;fpAs;shu;.

! thdtpaypd; c];jhj; vd;W Nghw;wg;gLk; mg+ ua;`hd; K`k;kj; my;

ng&dp fp.gp 973-1048 fhD}d; my; k]{Cjp gpy; `ah td; E[_k; vd;w

E}iy vOjpdhu;. mf;fhyj;jpy; fUj;J Kuz;ghl;ilj; Njhw;Wtpj;jpUe;j

Gtp jdJ mr;rpy; RoYfpd;wJ vd;w fUj;ij tpsf;fpdhu;. gy;NtW Jiwrhu;e;j

Rkhu; 180 Gj;jfq;fis vOjpAs;shu;.

! ,e;jpahtpy; nkfyhau; Ml;rpapy; K];ypk;fs; thdtpay; Jiwia tsu;f;f

ghLgl;ldu;. nkfyha kd;dd; `_khA+d; xU thdtpayhsuhthu;. fp.gp.

1724 ,y; nly;ypapy; xU thdpiy mtjhd epiyak; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ.

i`juhghj; nlf;fhdpYk; mtjhd epiyankhd;W mikf;fg;gl;lJ.

thdpiy mtjhd epiyaq;fs;.thdpiy mtjhd epiyaq;fs;.thdpiy mtjhd epiyaq;fs;.thdpiy mtjhd epiyaq;fs;.thdpiy mtjhd epiyaq;fs;.

! fp.gp 3Mk; E}w;whz;Lf;F gpw;gl;l fhyj;jpy; fpNuf;fu;fNs thdpay; Muha;r;rpapy;

Kf;fpak; ngw;wpUe;jdu;. ];fe;jupa;ahtpy; mikf;fg;gl;bUe;j thdpay; mtjhd

epiyaNk cyfk; KOtjw;Fkhd xNu epiyakhf fzpf;fg;gl;lJ.

! igJy; `pf;khtpy; fhzg;gl;l thdtpay; Muha;r;rp epiyak; mf;fhyj;jpy;

,Ue;j midj;J epiyaq;fisAk; tpl rpwe;j juj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lJ.

njhykpapd; my; k[];jpkh vd;w E}ypy; tpsf;fg;gl;bUe;j thdtpay;

fUtpfis cw;gj;jp nra;AkhW k/%d; mwpQu;fisg; gzpj;jpUe;jhu;.

mjw;Nfw;g gy Gjpa fUtpfs; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;ld.

! `p[;up 214 ,y; lk];f]py; cs;s if]_d; kiyapy; Xu; Ma;T epiyak;

epWtg;gl;lJ. ,J mu;u]k; k/%dp vd miof;fg;gl;lJ.

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! my; ng&dp fl;ba Fthu];kp mtjhd epiyak;> ,g;D ]Pdhtpd; mtjhd

epiyak;> jfpa;Aj; jPd; mtjhd epiyak;> f\;kPu; mtjhd epiyak;>

`{];[hd; mtjhd epiyak; vd;gdTk; Rl;bf;fhl;lj; jf;fd.

! fp.gp 829 ,y; gf;jhjpy; cs;s jj;kPu; ntspapy; m\;\k;\pa;ah vd;w thdpay;

Ma;T epiyak; fyPgh k/%dpdhy; fl;lg;gl;lJ. mf;fhyj;jpypUe;j kpf

Kf;fpakhdtu;fshff; fUjg;gLk; a`;ah gpd; kd;]{u;> mg;gh]; gpd; ]<j;>

fhypj; gpd; my; k&]p KjyhNdhu; mjpy; gzpGupe;jdu;.

! thdtpaNyhL njhlu;ghd mwG nkhopg; gjq;fs; ,d;Wk; jpupgile;j epiyapy;

INuhg;gpa thdtpay; fiyapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. m];]kpj;> my; go;y;>

MfpUe; efhu; Kjyhd gjq;fisr; Rl;bf;fhl;lyhk;.

! el;rj;jpuq;fisf; Fwpf;Fk; mwGg; gjq;fs; ,d;Wk; tof;fpy; cs;sd. Akrab,

Altair, Nadir Kjyhdtw;iw cjhuzkhff; Fwpg;gplyhk;

nkhopngau;g;Gf; fiynkhopngau;g;Gf; fiynkhopngau;g;Gf; fiynkhopngau;g;Gf; fiynkhopngau;g;Gf; fiy

! ,];yhk; mwpTf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fpd;w khu;f;fk; vd;w tifapy;

Muh;a;rpiaj; J}z;Lfpd;wJ. ~~(gpd;Dk; kdpju;fis Nehf;fpf; $Wk;gb

,g;uh`PKf;F fl;lisapl;Nlhk;.) g+kpapy; ePq;fs; Rw;wpj; jpupe;J ghUq;fs;.

Muk;gj;jpy; gilg;Gf;fis vt;thW cw;gj;jp nra;fpwhd;. (mt;thNw kuzpj;j)

gpd;dUk; my;yh ;̀ (kWikapy;) kWKiwAk; cw;gj;jp nra;thd;. epr;rakhf

my;yh`; midj;jpd; kPJk; kpf;f Mw;wYs;std;." (29:20)

"thdq;fisAk; g+kpiaAk; gilj;jpUg;gjpYk; ,uT gfy; khwp khwp tUtjpYk;

mwpTilatu;fSf;F epr;rahkhf gy mj;jhl;rpfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. (3:190)

! ,it Nghd;w my;Fu;Mdpa trdq;fs; kw;Wk; mwpitj; J}z;Lk; ]{d;dhtpd;

NghjidfshYk; ftug;gl;l md;iwa K];ypk;fs; mwpT ngWtjpy; mjPj

mf;fiw nrYj;jpdu;. ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpy; rpe;jdh ,af;fq;fs;

tpUj;jpailtjw;F mg;Nghjidfs; J}z;LNfhyha; mike;jd. mjdbahfNt

gpw nkhopfspy; fhzg;gl;l mwpTf; fUT+yq;fNs K];ypk;fs; tpsq;fpf;

nfhs;tjw;fhf jkJ nkhopf;Fg; ngau;j;jdu;. jkJ nkhopapy; ,Ue;jtw;iwg;

gpw nkhopf;F khw;wk; nra;jdu;. ,jdhy; tpUj;jpaile;j nkhopngau;g;G

gzp kw;Wk; mwpit ,lk;ngau;f;Fk; gzpapD}lhf mtu;fs; Gj;jhf;fq;fis

Nkw;nfhz;ldu;. gpw nkhop E}y;fspy; fhzg;gl;l gpiofis mtu;fs;

jpUj;jpdu;. Mjhug+u;tkhf mtw;iw tpku;rpj;jdu;. epiwe;j ,e;jpa> fpNuf;f>

ghurPf jj;Jtf; fUj;Jf;fis ju;f;f uPjpahfTk; Mjhug+u;tkhfTk; vjpu;j;Jj;

jkJ fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itj;jdu;. kj;jpa fhyj;jpy; ,khk; f];]hyp> ,g;D

U\;j;> ,g;D fy;J}d;> ,g;D Jigy; Nghd;Nwhu; ,q;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;;ftu;fshtu;.

nkhop ngau;g;Gg; gzpapd; Muk;gk; mg;Jy; kypf; gpd; ku;thdpd; fhyj;jpNyNa

Muk;gpj;jJ. fyhepjp cku; gu;& ;̀ nkhopngau;g;Gf;F VJthfpa fhuzq;fisr;

RUf;fkhff; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

1. mwgpfs; gpw r%fq;fNshL xd;W fye;j Ntisfis mtu;fsJ Gjpa

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mwpTg; ghuk;gupaq;fisf; fz;L mtw;wpD}lhfj; jq;fsJ mwpitAk;

fyhrhuj;ijAk; rpe;jdh Mw;wiyAk; tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;tjw;F ehbdu;.

,JNt nkhopngau;g;Gf;fhd Kjd;ikf; fhuzkhf mikayhk;.

2. mwgpfs; jq;fsplk; mupjhff; fhzg;gl;l gpwuplk; gutyhff; fhzg;gl;l

kUj;Jtk; fzpjk; fhyf;fzpg;G Nghd;wd gw;wpa mwpTfisg; gpwuplkpUe;J

ngw;Wf; nfhs;s ehbdu;.

3. mwpitj; NjLtjw;Fk; rpe;jpg;gjw;Fkhd my;Fu;Mdpd; J}z;Ljy;

4. ehfupfj;jpd; milahskhf mwpitf; fUjpaik

5. xU ehL mtrpak; nghUshjhu uPjpahf tpUj;jp milfpd;w NghJ mq;Nf

Mlk;guk;> ngupa FbapUg;Gf;fs;> fl;llq;fs; Nghd;wd Njhd;Wk; mt;Ntisapy;

kdpj cs;sq;fs; mwpit tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; rpe;jdh uPjpahd

tho;itf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Fk; tpUk;Gk;.

6. fyPghf;fs; nkhopngau;g;gpy; fhl;ba mf;fiw. mtu;fs; xU Gj;jfj;ij

nkhopngau;j;jhy; mjd; ghuj;jpd; msTf;F jq;fj;ij ntFkjpahf

nkhopngau;g;ghsDf;F toq;fpdu;. NkYk; `p[;up 218,y; kuzpj;j fyPgh

k/%d; igJy; `pf;khit ];jhgpj;J nkhopngau;ghsu;fis mq;F xd;W

Nru;j;jhu;. ehl;L murpaypd; xU gFjpahf E}y;fis nkhopngau;f;fpd;w

gzp fhzg;gl;lJ. E}y;fisg; ngWtjw;Fk; nkhopngau;g;gjw;Fk; mjpfkhf

nrytpl ;ldu; . MY Kd[;[k; vd;w FLk;gj;jpdu ; Gj;jfq;fis

nkhopngau;g;gjw;fhf khjhe;jk; 500 jPdhu;fis nrytpl;ldu;.

! nkhop ngau;g;G gzp ,uz;L topfspy; ,lk;ngw;wJ.

1. E}y;fisg; gpwnkhopapypUe;J mwgpf;F nkhopngau;jjy;

2. gpw nkhopfspypUe;J NtW gpw nkhopfSf;F E}y;fis nkhopngau;j;jy;

! cikahf; fhyj;jpy; ̀ hypj; ,g;D a]Pj; mtu;fis KjyhtJ nkhopngau;g;Gg;

gzpia Muk;gpj;jtuhff; fUjg;gLfpwhu;. mjhtJ nkhopngau;g;Gg; gzp

`p[;up Kjyhk; E}w;whz;bd; kj;jpa gFjpapy; Muk;gkhdJ. `p[;up 85 ,y;

fhyk;nrd;w `hypj; fyPghg; gjtpapd; ek;gpf;if ,oe;j mtu; mwpTj;

Jiwapy; jd;id <LgLj;jpf; nfhz;lhu;. kupahD}]; vd;gtuplk;

,urhadtpaiyf; fw;whu;. gpd;du; ,urhad tpay; E}y;fis mwGf;F

nkhopngau;f;Fk;gb gzpj;jhu;. fyPgh mg;Jy; kypf;Fila fhyj;jpNy

kUj;Jtj;jpd; fiyf;fyQ;rpak; vdf; fUjg;gl;l m`Nuhd; ,g;D mg;gh

vOjpa kUj;Jt E}y; Kjypy; nkhopngau;f;fg;gl;lJ.

! mg;gh]paf; fhyg;gFjpapy; fyPgh k/%Df;F Kd;du; mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D

Kfg;g/ (kuzk; `p-142) gy E}y;fis mwGf;F nkhopngau;j;jhu;. ghurPf>

,e;jpa fijfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fyPyh tjpk;dh vd;w E}iy

mtu; vOjpdhu;. fyPgh mg+ [/gu; my; kd;]_upd; fhyj;jpy; nkhopngau;g;G

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mur fz;fhzpg;gpy; ,lk;ngw;wJ. ̀ h&d; u\Pjpd; fhyj;jpy; nkhopngau;g;Gg;

gzp xU xOq;fikg;gpw;Ff; nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ. Nahfdh ,g;D kh]itfp>

`[;[h[; ,g;D kju; Nghd;Nwhu; ,g;gzpapy; <Lgl;ldu;.

! fyPgh k/%dpd; fhyk; mwpntOr;rpapd; nghw;fhyk; vdf; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.

kj;jpa fhyg;gFjpapy; mwptpdJk; Qhdj;jpdJk; fyq;fiu tpsf;fhf gf;jhj;

fhzg;gl;lJ. xt;nthU nkhopapypUe;Jk; E}y;fis mwGf;Fg; ngau;f;Fk;

gzp mq;F ,lk;ngw;wJ. nkhopngau;g;ghsu;fSf;F ntFkjpahf E}ypd;

ghuj;jpw;Fj; jq;fk; rd;khdkhf toq;fg;gl;lJ. fyPgh k/%d; `p[;up 215

,y; cNuhk kd;dd; NjhgPy; ntw;wp nfhz;lNghJ mq;F fpU];jtk;

gutpaNghJ kiwj;J itf;fg;gl;bUe;j fpNuf;f jj;Jt E}y;fisj; jdf;Fj;

jz;lg;gzkhfj; jUk;gb fyPgh k/%d; Njhgyplk; Ntz;bf; nfhz;lhu;.

mjw;F cld;gl;l mtu; E}y;fis k/%Df;F toq;fpdhu;. fyPgh k/%Ndh

mtw;iwj; jdf;Ff; fpilj;j ngUk; mUl;nghf;fp\khff; fUjp Vw;Wf;

nfhz;lhu;. ,f;fhyj;jpy; nkhopngau;g;ghsu;fshf gyu; ,Ue;jdu;. mtu;fspd;

gpujhdkhdtu;fshf `{idd; ,];`hf;> ]hgpj; ,d;D Fu;uh> `{[;[h[;

,g;D kju; Nghd;Nwhu; fhzg;gl;ldu;.

,uhZt jsghlq;fs;,uhZt jsghlq;fs;,uhZt jsghlq;fs;,uhZt jsghlq;fs;,uhZt jsghlq;fs;

! ,];yhk; xU K];ypkpd; cly; MNuhf;fpaj;jpYk; ghJfhg;gpYk; $ba fuprid

nrYj;Jfpd;wJ. gykhd xU K/kpd; gytPdkhd xU K/kpidtpl

my;yh`;Tf;F kpfTk; tpUg;gkhdtd; vd;W $wpa egp (]y;) mtu;fs;

ePe;Jjy;> mk;ngwpjy;> Fjpiuapy; rthup nra;jy; Nghd;wtw;iwj; J}z;bdhu;fs;.

mk;ngwptjw;Fg; gapd;w xUtu; mjid tpl;LtpLtjhdJ ,iwtd; toq;fpa

mUl;nfhil xd;iw epuhfupg;gjw;Fr; rkd; vd;W $WfpwJ. vdNt mtd;

vg;NghJk; ,iwghijapy; NghuhLfpd;w xU Nghuhspapd; ,af;fg;ghL nfhz;l

RWRWg;ghdtdhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mtd; xOq;ifAk; fPo;gbjiyAk; vd;Wk;

tpUk;Gfpd;wtdhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. \hk; gilj;jsgjpahf ,Ue;j `hypj;

,g;D tyPj; gjtpapypUe;J ePf;fg;gl;lJk; fPo;tUkhW Fwpg;gpl;lhu;fs;. mkPUy;

K/kpdPdpd; fl;lisia nrtpNaw;W ehd; fPo;gbe;J tpl;Nld;. my;yh`;

kPJ Mizahf cku; (uop) mtu;fs; vd;kPJ xU ngz;izj;jhd;

nghWg;ghsuhf epakpj;jhYk; ehd; nrtpkLj;J fPo;gbe;jpUg;Ngd;. ,g;ngU

Nghuhl;l czu;Tk; fPo;gbAk; gz;GfSk; md;iw K];ypk;fs; MAjq;fisg;

gad;gLj;jTk; gpd;epw;ftpy;iy. gpw;fhyj;jpy; mtu;fshfNt ,uhZtj;

jsghlq;fis epu;khzpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;w msTf;F Kd;Ndwpdu;.

! mwgpa K];ypk;fs; Muk;gj;jpy; mj;jpu;c vd;w ,Uk;ghyhd jl;il tbtpdhy;

mike;j ftrj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpdu;. Nghuhl;lj;jpd; NghJ ft;]h vd;w

Kl;il tbtpy; mike;j ,Uk;gpdhyhd jiyf;ftrj;ijAk; gad;gLj;jpdu;.

ths;ntl;bypUe;J jk;ikf; fhg;gjw;F mj;Ju;]; vd;w tifapyhd

Nflaj;ijAk; gad;gLj;jpdu;. ths;> mk;G> <l;b> Nfhlhup tbtpy; mike;j

MAjk;> Nfhlhup> tpy;Y> fj;;jp Nghd;wtw;iw jdpegu; MAjq;fshf

Nghuhl;lq;fspy; mtu;fs; gad;gLj;jpdu;. $l;lhf mtu;fs; kd;Qdpf;> ftr

thfdk;> Nfhl;il kjpy;fisf; flg;gjw;fhd Vzpfs; Nghd;w r%f

MAjq;fisAk; mtu;fs; gad;gLj;jpdu;. Aj;j jhf;Fjy;fSf;Fg;

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gad;gLj;Jfpd;w ngupa MAjkhf kQ;rdpf; fhzg;gl;lJ. etPd fhyj;jpy;

VTfizfis xj;jjhf mit fhzg;gl;ld. mtw;wpD}lhf fw;fis itj;J

J}u ,lj;jpw;F vwpe;jdu;. ]y;khd; my; ghup]; (uop) mtu;fs; jhapig

Kw;Wifapl;l NghJ kQ;rdpf; fUtp xd;iw nra;J gad;gLj;jpdhu;. cku;

(uop) mtu;fs; ,f;fUtpfisr; nra;tjpy; kpfTk; fuprid nfhz;bUe;jhu;

ghurPfj;ij ,];yhkpag; gilapdu; ntw;wp nfhs;fpd;w NghJ mtu;fsplk;

Rkhu; 20 kQ;rdpf; fUtpfs; fhzg;gl;ld. mt;thNw \hk; Njrj;ij ntw;wp

nfhs;tjw;Fg; gilnaLj;j mg+ cigjh> `hypj; Nghd;Nwhu;fsJ

gilazpapdu; Vuhskhd kQ;rdpf; fUtpfisg; gad;gLj;jpdu;. mk;upg;D

M]; (uop) mtu;fs; vfpg;jpy; G];jhf; efupy; jq;fpapUe;j NghJ kQ;rdpf;

fUtpfis cw;gj;jp nra;jhu;fs;.

! cikahf;fs; kQ;rdpf; fUtpfis cw;gj;jp nra;tJ mjpf ftdk; nrYj;jpdu;.

`[;[h[; ,g;D a+Rg; mtu;fs; kQ;rdpf; fUtp xd;iw cw;gj;jp nra;J

mjw;F my; m&]; vdg; ngaupl;lhu;. mf;fUtpiag; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F 500

gzpahsu;fs; Njitg;gLfpd;w msT mJ gpukhz;lkhdjhff; fhzg;gl;lJ.

K`k;kj; gpd; fh]pk; fuhr;rpapy; `p[;up 89 ,y; Nlgs; efupd; rpe;jpd; gy

efuq;fisAk; ifg;gw;Wtjw;F Vuhskhd kQ;rdpf; fUtpfisg;

gad;gLj;jpAs;shu;. `p[;up ,uz;lhk; E}w;whz;by; K];ypk;fspilNa

Nghuhl;lq;fspNy efuq;fis Kw;WifapLtjw;Fk; ru;trhjhuzkhfg;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk; xU MAjkhf kQ;rdpf; fUtpfs; fhzg;gl;ld. mjidj;

njhlu;e;J mg;gh]pau;fNs mf;fUtpfs; kpfr; rhjuzkhf Gof;fj;jpy;

fhzg;gl;ld. mNef Nghuhl;lq;fspy; mjid mtu;fs; gad;gLj;jpdu;. `p

223,y; mk;%upa;ah Nghupy; ,jd; gad;ghL tpNrlkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. K];ypk;

Nghuhspfs; ,f;fUtpfisg; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ ,iwtidg; ngUikg;gLj;jp

jf;gPu ; Koq;fpatu;fshfTk; gpd;tUtd Nghd;w ,iwtrdq;fis

Xjpatu;fshfTk; mjidg; gad;gLj;Jk; kuigf; nfhz;bUe;jdu;.

(vw pag ;gl ;l nrq ;fy ; xt ;nthd ;w pYk ; ) cq;fs ; ,iwtdhy ;

milahskplg;gl;bUe;jJ. (Gul;lg;gl;l) mt;t+u; ,t;tf;fpukf;fhuu;fSf;F

ntF J}uKky;y. (tpUk;gpdhy; mjid ,tu;fs; Neupy; nrd;W ghu;j;Jf;

nfhs;syhk;) (86:83)

! K];ypk;fs; fz;Lgpbj;J tpUj;jp nra;j MAjk; kQ;rdpf; kl;Lky;y. jg;ghgh

vDk; ftr thfdq;fisAk; mtu;fs; fz;Lgpbj;Jg; gad;gLj;jpdu;. me;j

thfdk; ituKs;s gyifapyhyhd NfhGu tbtk; nfhz;ljhf fhzg;gLk;.

mjw;F Nkyhy; ghJfhg;Gf;fhf tpdhf;fpup gjg;gLj;jg;gl;l Njhy;fshy;

xl;b itf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. Vnddpy; mit jPapdhy; vuptijj; jLg;gjw;fhfNt

mt;thW nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJ.NkYk; mt;thfdj;ij efu;j;Jtjw;F trjpahfr;

rf;fuq;fSk; nghUj;jg;gl;bUe;jd. Aj;jq;fspd; NghJ vjpupfspd; mk;G

fw;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpypUe;J jk;ikj; jw;fhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf ,jidg;

gad;gLj;jpdu;. rpyNghJ mf;ftr thfdj;jpw;F cs;Ns kiwe;jpUe;J

Nfhl;ilfis Nehf;fpa vjpupfisf; Fwpitj;Jj; jhf;Fjy;fis elhj;jpdu;.

! ,JthdJ gj;J kdpju;fs; ,Ue;J vjpu;j; jhf;Fjy; elhj;jf;$ba msT

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tprhykhf ,Ue;jJ. mjd; $iug;gFjpiaAk; Vida ehd;F gFjpfisAk;

jhf;Fjypy; ,Ue;J vjpu;nfhs;tjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jpdu;. vjpupfspd; mk;G>

fw;fspy; ,Ue;J ghJfhg;gjw;fhf fdkhd gyiffisAk;> ,Uk;GfisAk;

gad;gLj;pdu;. NkYk; Nfhl;ilfis ntw;wp nfhz;l NghJ mjid ClWj;Jr;

nry;tjw;Fg; ghykhfTk; ,jidg; gad;gLj;jpdu;.

! NkYk; my; mg;uh[; t ]yhypKy; `p]hd; NkYk; kfh`pd; Nghd;w

,uhZt jsghlq;fisAk; cUthf;fpg; gad;gLj;jpdu;. ntbnghUl;fis

Foha; xd;wpy; epug;gp J}u vwptjw;Fg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;w fUtpNa kfh`py;

vd;gjhFk;.

fg;gy; fl;Ljy;fg;gy; fl;Ljy;fg;gy; fl;Ljy;fg;gy; fl;Ljy;fg;gy; fl;Ljy;

! akd; Njrj;J mwgpfs; flw;gazj;jpy; fuprid nfhz;bUe;jdu;. mtu;fsJ

fg;gy;fs; fpof;fhrpa kw;Wk; fpof;fhgpupf;f jiufs; tiu nrd;W te;jd.

,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wj;jpd; gpd;du; mwG K];ypk;fs; flw; gazj;jpy; <LgLtjw;F

ce;J rf;jpahf my; Fu;Md; mike;jJ.

! my;Fu;Mdpd; " (egpNa) ePq;fs; ghu;f;f tpy;iyah? epr;rakhf my;yh`;

g+kpapYs;s midj;ijAk; cq;fSf;F trg;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fpwhd;. fg;gy;

mtDila fl;lisg;gb flypy; nry;fpwJ. jd;Dila mDkjpapd;wp g+kpapd;

kPJ thdk; tpohJ mtd; jLj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;. epr;rakhf my;yh`;

kdpju;fs; kPJ kpf;f md;Gk; fpUigAk; cilathd ,Uf;fpwhd;." (22:65)

"my;yh`; fliy cq;fSf;F trjpahf mikj;jpUf;fpd;whd;. mtd;

fl;lisiaf; nfhz;L (gy jPTfSf;Fj;) fg;gypy; nrd;W (mjd; %yk;)

mtDila mUis ePq;fs; Njbf;nfhs;fpd;wPu;fs;. (mjw;fhf mtDf;F)

ePq;fs; ed;wp nrYj;JtPu;fhshf. (45:12)

! Nghd;w trdq;fs; flw;gazj;jpy; <LgLtjw;Fj; J}z;LNfhyha; mike;jd.

KMtpah (uop) mtu;fs; \hk; Njrj;J ftu;duhf ,Ue;j re;ju;g;gj;jpy;

Nuhk; Njrj;jpd; kPJ gilnaLg;gjw;F cku; (uop) mtu;fis typAWj;jpdhu;.

cku; (uop) mtu;fs; vfpg;jpd; ftu;duhf ,Ue;j mk;u; ,g;D M]; mtu;fsplk;

fly; epytuk; gw;wpj; jdf;F tpsf;fp vOJk;gb fbjk; vOjpdhu;. c];khd;

(uop)mtu;fsJ Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; KMtpah (uop) flw;gilnaLg;G elhj;j

mDkjp Nfl;l NghJ c];khd; (uop) mtu;fs; mjw;F cld;gl;lhu;fs;.

KMtpah (uop) mtu;fs; `p 27 ,y; flw;gilnaLg;G elj;jp irg;gu];

jPit ifg;gw;wpf; nfhz;lhu;. mjidj; njhlu; ;e;J gy;NtW flw;

gilnaLg;Gf;fs; ,lk; ngw;wd. ,f;fly; gilnaLg;Gf;fNshL ,ize;jjhff;

fg;gy; fl;lw;njhopDl;gKk; K];ypk;fspilNa tsu;r;rpAw;wd. fyPgh mg;Jy;

kypf; gpd; ku;thd; Mgpupf;fhtpy; jdJ ftu;duhf ,Ue;j `];]hd; ,g;D

]hgpj;jplk; ba+dPrpahtpy; fg;gw;fl;ly; njhopw;rhiynahd;iw epWTk;gb

Ntz;bdhu;. ,JNt ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; tpNrlkhd fg;gy; fl;Lk; KjyhtJ

njhopw;rhiyahf fUjg;gLfpwJ.

! cikahf;fs; mwGyfpd; gy;NtW ,lq;fspy; fg;gy; fl;Lk; njhopw;rhiyfis

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epWtpdu;. mtw;Ws; `p 54 ,y; vfpg;jpy; [jPuJy; nusyh vDkplj;jpy;

fl;lg;gl;l fg;gy; fl;Lk; jsk; kpf Kf;fpakhFk;.

! mg;gh]paUk; ,e;J rKj;jpuj;jpYk; kj;jpa jiuf;fly; gpuNjrj;jpYk; fg;gw;

fl;Lk; epu;khzj; njhopypy; ftdk; nrYj;jpdu;. ghj;jpkpau; Ml;rpfhyj;jpy;

Guhjd fg;gy; fl;Lk; jsq;fs; mjpfkhf epWtg;gl;ld. vfpg;jpd; gy;NtW

gFjpfspYk; mit cUthf;fg;gl;ld. nfa;Nuh> jpk;kpahj;> ,];fe;jpupa;ahj;>

juhgy;]; Nghd;w Fwpg;gplj;jf;f ,lq;fshFk;. ];nga;dpy; cikahf;fs;

fg;gy; fl;Lk; jsq;fs; gytw;iw cUthf;fpdu;. ,jD}lhf ,];igdpa

flw;gil Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT gyk; ngw;wjha; tpsq;fpaJ. fyPgh mg;Ju;

u`;khd; eh]pu; (`p 300-350) fhyj;jpy; ,UE}w;Wf;Fk; mjpfkhd fg;gy;fs;

fhzg;gl;ld. ,];nga;dpa flw; gilapd; jiytuhf m`;kj; ]pj;jpy;yp

gpurpj;jp ngw;wpUe;jhu;.

! ]yh`{jPd; ma;A+gp mtu;fs; rpYitg; Nghuhspfis vjpu;j;J epw;f ngUk;

flw;gilnahd;iw cUthf;fpdhd;. mwG K];ypk;fs; kj;jpa jiuf;flypy;

epu;khzpj;j fg;gy;fs; kpfg; gpukhz;lkhditfshf fhzg;gl;ld. nygdhd;

kiyfspypUe;J Rke;J tuf;$ba kug;gyiffspdhYk; MzpfspdhYk;

nra;ag;gl;litfshf mit fhzg;gl;ld. nrq;flypy;> ,e;J rKj;jpuj;jpy;

gazpg;gjw;F tpNrlkhd fg;gy;fis epUkhzpj;jdu;. mit kj;jpa

jiuf;flypy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; fg;gy;fistplg; gUkdpy; rpwpajhf ,Ue;jNjhL

mtw;iw epu;khzpg;gjw;fhd gyiffs; vfpg;jpypUe;J ngwg;gl;ld. mtu;fs;

epu;khzpj;j fg;gy;fs; 30 tiffistpl mjpfkhf ,Ue;jd. jq;fsJ Njitfs;

kw;Wk; gad;ghl;bw;F Vw;g mit tpj;jpahrkhd gUkd;fspy; mike;jNjhL

tpj;jpahrkhd ngau; nfhz;Lk; miof;fg;gl;ld. my; kp];j`; vd;W

miof;fg ;gl ;l fg ;gNy ,];yhkpa flw;gil tuyhw ;w py ; kpfg ;

gpukhz;lkhdjhff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.

! xt;nthU Aj;jf; fg;gYf;Fk; xU jiytu; fhzg;gl;lhu;. flw;gil KOtjw;Fk;

topelhj;Jfpd;w jiytuhf fhzg;gl;ltu; mkPUy; g ;̀u; vd miof;fg;gl;lhu;.

me;jr; nrhy;ypypUe;J gpupe;J te;jjhf vl;kpuy; vd;w nrhy; fUjg;gLfpwJ.

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Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 5.1:5.1:5.1:5.1:5.1: K];ypk;fs; tsu;j;j mofpaw; fiyapd;K];ypk;fs; tsu;j;j mofpaw; fiyapd;K];ypk;fs; tsu;j;j mofpaw; fiyapd;K];ypk;fs; tsu;j;j mofpaw; fiyapd;K];ypk;fs; tsu;j;j mofpaw; fiyapd;

jdpj;Jtj;ijAk; rpwg;gk;rq;fisAk; tpsf;Fthu;.jdpj;Jtj;ijAk; rpwg;gk;rq;fisAk; tpsf;Fthu;.jdpj;Jtj;ijAk; rpwg;gk;rq;fisAk; tpsf;Fthu;.jdpj;Jtj;ijAk; rpwg;gk;rq;fisAk; tpsf;Fthu;.jdpj;Jtj;ijAk; rpwg;gk;rq;fisAk; tpsf;Fthu;.


fw;wy; NgWfs;:fw;wy; NgWfs;:fw;wy; NgWfs;:fw;wy; NgWfs;:fw;wy; NgWfs;:

! K];ypk;fs; mofpaw; fiyfspy; <LgLtjw;F VJthf mike;j

fhuzpfis tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.

! K];ypk;fs; tsu;j;j mofpaw; fiyfs; gw;wp tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.

! mofpaw; fiyfSf;fhd K];ypk;fspd; gq;fspg;Gf;fis

gl;baw;gLj;Jthu;.

! K];ypk;fshy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l mofpaw; fiyfspy; Vida

fyhrhuq;fspd; jhf;fq;fis NtWgLj;jp ,dq;fhz;ghu;;.


! kdpj tho;Tld; njhlu;Gila midj;Jk; fiyfshFk;. ,f;fiyfis mofpaw;

fiy> mwptpaw; fiy vd ,uz;lhf Nehf;fyhk;. fiyQu;fspd;

moFzu;r;rpapD}lhf ntspg;gLfpd;w fiyNa mofpaw; fiyahFk;;. kdpjdJ

cs;sj;jpw;F ,d;gj;ijAk; mikjpiaAk; toq;Fk; gz;G mofpaw;

fiyf;Fz;L. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt fiyak;rk; nfhz;l gilg;Gf;fis

K];ypk;fs; cl;gl midj;J r%fq;fSk; Ngzpg; ghJfhj;J te;Js;sdu;.

! ,];yhk; moifAk;> J}a;ikiaAk; tpUk;Gk; khu;f;fkhFk;. ,];yhk;

moFf;Fk; J}a;ikf;Fk; toq;fpa Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij NtW ve;j khu;f;fKk;

toq;ftpy;iy. ,];yhk; mofpaiy Md;kPf Nehf;fpy; Nehf;Ffpd;wJ. xU

egpj;Njhou; mofhd Mil ghjzpfs; mzptJ gw;wp egp (]y;) mtu;fsplk;

Nfl;l NghJ “epr;rakhf my;yh`; mofhdtd;. moifNa mtd;

tpUk;Gfpwhd;.” (K];ypk;) vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;fs;.

! my;Fu;Md; gy ,lq;fspy; mofpaiyg; ghuhl;bAs;sJ. moiff; Fwpf;f

‘`{];d;> [khy;> ]Pdj;’ Nghd;w nrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;jpAs;sJ. m ;̀]Dy;

mky; (mofpa nray;) ]g;Wd; [kPy; (mofpa nghWik)> FJ}]PdjFk;

(cq;fis myq;fupj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;) Nghd;w gy trdq;fis my;Fu;Md;

ifahz;Ls;sJ.

! ,];yhk; $Wk; moFzu;r;rp njhl;Lzuf; $ba rlg;nghUl;fspy; kl;Lkd;wp

kdpj czu;Tfs;> gz;Gfs;> ciuahly;fs; ,yf;fpag; gilg;Gf;fs; Nghd;w

midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; ,lk; ngw Ntz;Lk;. kdpjdpd; moFzu;T ed;ik>

cz ;ik > gad ; g hL cilajhf ,Ug ; gJld ; kd pjid

ey;topg;gLj;jf;$bajhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

! moFzu;T ,izitg;Gf;F ,l;Lr; nry;yhjjhfTk; ,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gilf;

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Nfhl;ghLfSf;F Kuz;glhjjhfTk; ghtq;fis tpl;Lj; jLg;gjhfTk; ,Uf;f

Ntz;Lk;. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt rpiy tbtj;jpy; rpw;gq;fis nrJf;Fjy;>

fhk czu;itj; J}z;lf;$ba cUtq;fis tiujy; Nghd;wtw;iw ,];yhk;

jil nra;Js;sJ.

fl;llf; fiyfl;llf; fiyfl;llf; fiyfl;llf; fiyfl;llf; fiy

! ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wj;jpw;F gy E}w;whz;LfSf;F Kd;Ng cyfpy; fl;blf;

fiy Njhd;wp tsu;r;rpaile;jJ. ,Ue;j NghjpYk; mNugpahtpy; mjd;

tsu;r;rp kpff; FiwthfNt ,Ue;jJ. mNugpaf; Fbkf;fspy; mjpfkhdtu;fs;

ehNlhbfshf tho;e;jjdhy; mtu;fSf;F epue;ju tPLfs; fhzg;gltpy;iy.

kpfr; rpyu; khj;jpuNk tPLfspy; epiyahf tho;e;jdu;. md;iwa Kf;fpa

fl;blq;fshf f/gh> jhUe; ej;th vDk; MNyhrid kz;lgk;> kjh,d;

]hyp`; Nghd;wd fhzg;gl;ld.

! ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wj;ijj; njhlu;e;j egp(]y;) mtu;fsJ ̀ p[;uj;jpd; gpd;du;

kjPdhtpy; fl;ba k];[pJe; egtpNa Kjy; fl;blkhff; fzpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

,J $l fl;blf; fiy El;gq;fs; ,d;wp kpf vspikahfNt ,Ue;jJ.

kz;Rtiuf; nfhz;l jpwe;j ntspahfNt ,Ue;jJ> gpd;du; <r;Nrhiyfshy;

$iuaplg;gl;lJ.

! Fyghcu; uh\pjPd;fs; fhyj;jpy; ,];yhk; muG ehl;Lf;F ntspNa nrd;wjhy;

mq;Fs;s kf;fs; jkJ NjitfSf;Nfw;g k];[pj;fis epu;khzpj;Jf;

nfhz;ldu;. Fwpg;ghf cku; (uop) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpy; $gh> g]uh> G];jhj;

Nghd;w efu;fs; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;ljdhy; mq;F k];[pj;fSk; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;ld.

jsgjp cf;gh g]uhtpYk; jsgjp ]/j; ,g;D mgP tf;fh]; $ghtpYk;

jsgjp mk;u; ,g;D M]; G];jhj;jpYk; k];[pj;fis mikj;jdu;. fl;blj;jpw;Fj;

Njitahd cWg;Gf;fs; NtW fl;blq;fspypUe;J ngwg; gl;ljdhy; gpuNjr

rpw;g Kiwfs; K];ypk;fspd; fl;blq;fspYk; gpujpgypf;f Muk;gpj;jd. ,Nj

Nghy; K];ypky;yhjtu;fspd; fl;blq;fs; tpiy nfhLj;J thq;fg;gl;L mit

k];[pj;fshf khw;wg;gl;ljdhy; gpwrkaj;jhupd; fiy mk;rq;fSk; mjpy;

Eioe;jd.

! ,];yhkpa fl;blf; fiy gy;NtW nry;thf;fpd; fPo; Njhw;wk; ngw;w NghjpYk;

Vida ehfupfq;fspypUe;J NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lk; tifapy; jdf;NfAupa

rpwg;gk;rq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,r;rpwg;gpay;Gfs; ,];yhkpa ek;gpf;iff;

Nfhl;ghl;ilg; gpujpgypj;J tsu;r;rpAw;wJ. fl;blq;fs; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l

gpuNjrq;fspd; Njrpa kuig mbnahl;b ,];yhkpa fUj;Jf;fshy; mit

Gdu;epu;khzk; nra;ag;gl;bUe;jd. ,j;jifa khw;wq;fis k];[pj;

fl;llf;fiyapy; rpwg;ghff; fz;Lnfhs;s KbAk;. k];[pj; fl;blf;fiyf;

$Wfshfg; gpd;tUtdtw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

kpk;gu; kp`;uhg; kpdhuh

Fg;gh khltpy; `t;o;

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gpuNjrq;fisj; jOtpa fl;blf;fiy tsu;r;rpgpuNjrq;fisj; jOtpa fl;blf;fiy tsu;r;rpgpuNjrq;fisj; jOtpa fl;blf;fiy tsu;r;rpgpuNjrq;fisj; jOtpa fl;blf;fiy tsu;r;rpgpuNjrq;fisj; jOtpa fl;blf;fiy tsu;r;rp

vfpg;jpa> rpupa> Mgpupf;f fl;blf;fiyvfpg;jpa> rpupa> Mgpupf;f fl;blf;fiyvfpg;jpa> rpupa> Mgpupf;f fl;blf;fiyvfpg;jpa> rpupa> Mgpupf;f fl;blf;fiyvfpg;jpa> rpupa> Mgpupf;f fl;blf;fiy

! K];ypk;fs; Mgpupf;f gpuNjrq;fis ntw;wp nfhz;l gpd; jkJ rka> epu;thf

NjitfSf;fhf mq;F fl;blq;fis epu;khzpj;jdu;. egpj;Njhou; mk;u; ,g;D

M]; (uop) mtu;fs; fp.gp.640 ,y; vfpg;ij ifg;gw;wpa NghJ mq;F ,];yhkpa

fl;blf;fiy tsu;r;rpaila Muk;gpj;jJ. jw;NghJ ifNuh efu; mike;Js;s

,lj;jpy; xU k];[pij epWtpdhu;. fp.gp. 634 ,y; ,k;k];[pj; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;lJ.

miu tl;l> Fjpiuyhl> $uhd khltpy;fis ,k;k];[pj; nfhz;bUe;jJ.

,g;gpuNjr fl;blf; fiy gpujpgypg;ghf gpd;tUk; fl;blq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

! fp. gp 685 -691 – Fg;gjJ]; ]/uh

fp.gp. 879 - m`kj; J}Y}d; k];[pj;

fp.gp. 670 - cf;gh gpd; ehgp/ epWtpa i`uthd; k];[pj;

- ,khk; \hgpapd; fy;yiw kz;lgk;

];nga;d; fl;blf; fiy];nga;d; fl;blf; fiy];nga;d; fl;blf; fiy];nga;d; fl;blf; fiy];nga;d; fl;blf; fiy

! K];ypk;fs; fp.gp. 711 ,y; ];nga;idf; ifg;gw;wpaijj; njhlu;e;J rpupahitr;

Nru;e;j mNugpau; mq;F FbNawpdu;. mtu;fs; jkf;Fupa tPLfisAk;

k];[pj;fisAk; mikj;Jf; nfhz;ldu;. Kjyhk; mg;Ju; u`;khd; fp.gp.

756,y; jdJ Ml;rpia Muk;gpj;jJ Kjy; fp.gp. 1492y; fpudlhtpy; e];iul;

Ml;rp tPo;r;rp milAk; tiuapyhd ];ngapd; fhyk; fl;blf; fiyapd;

Fwpg;gplj;jf;f fhykhf fhzg;gLfpwJ. mNugpa> ];ghdpa fl;blf;fiyiaj;

jOtpa %up\;” fl;blf; fiy mq;F tsu;r;rpaile;jJ. ];ngapd; fl;blf;

fiyapy; gpd;tUk; fl;blq;fs; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpd;wd.

! k];[pJd; Fu;Jgh :- 2k; mg;Ju; u ;̀khdhy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;L 2k; ̀ p\hkpdhy;

g+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

! Kd;dpaj; my; U]hgh : 1k; mg;Ju; u`;khd;.

! my;̀ k;uh khspif : 1248,y; m ;̀ku; vd;gtu; ,k;khspifia epu;khzpj;jhu;.

,k;khspif 1314,y; g+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

! my;̀ k;uh khspif Nkw;fpd; jh[;k`hy; vd tu;zpf;fg;gLfpwJ. fpuhdhlhtpy;

ftu;r;rpkpF kiyr;rhunyhd;wpy; gha;e;NjhLk; mUtpnahd;wpw;fUfpy; ,aw;if

tdg;Gld; ,iae;jjhf ,J epu;khzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gy;NtW $Wfisf;

nfhz;ljhfTk; ,J fhzg;gLfpwJ.

kj;jpa Mrpa> ghurPf> JUf;fpa> ,e;jpaf; fl;blf;fiy :kj;jpa Mrpa> ghurPf> JUf;fpa> ,e;jpaf; fl;blf;fiy :kj;jpa Mrpa> ghurPf> JUf;fpa> ,e;jpaf; fl;blf;fiy :kj;jpa Mrpa> ghurPf> JUf;fpa> ,e;jpaf; fl;blf;fiy :kj;jpa Mrpa> ghurPf> JUf;fpa> ,e;jpaf; fl;blf;fiy :

! ghurPfj;jpy; Njhd;wpa rpw;wuRfs; jkf;Fkj;jpapy; Nghupl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jjdhy;

mq;F tho;e;j gy;NtW Jiwf; fiyQu;fs; rpd;dhrpah> JUf;fp> ,e;jpah

Nghd;w gy;NtW gpuNjrq;fspy; FbNawp tho;e;jdu;. ,jdhy; ,g;gpuNjrq;fisj;

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jOtp fl;blf;fiy tsu;r;rpaile;jJ. ghurPf fl;blq;fSs; gpd;tUk;

fl;blq;fs; Kf;fpakhdit.

! ,];g`hd; k];[pj; - fp.gp. 760 ,y; nry;[{f;fpa Ml;rpapy; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;lJ.

! rPuh]; k];[pj; - fp.gp 875 ,y; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;lJ.

! ghurpf k];[pj;fspy; <thd;fs; tpuhe;ijfs; Fkpo;tbt Fk;kl;lq;fs; Rtu;fspy;

fz;zhb gjpj;jy; mug];fpa+ myq;fhuq;fs; rpwg;gplk; tfpj;jd.

fp.gp. 762 ,y; gf;jhjpy; fyPgh kd;]{u; tl;ltbtpyhd efu; xd;iw epu;khzpj;jhu;.

,ijj; njhlu;e;J k];[pj;fSk;> khspiffSk; mikf;fg;gl;ld. ,khk; mg+

`dPgh> mg;Ju; fhju; [Pyhdp> ,khk; mg+ a+]{g;> ,khk; ̀ {i]d; MfpNahupd;

fy;yiwfSk; fiyj;jpwd; kpf;fjhff; fhzg;gl;ld. ]gtpau; fhyj;jpy;>

<uhdpy; fl;llf;fiy kpif tsu;r;rp fz;lJ.

! kj;jpa Mrpahtpy; rkidl; Ml;rpiaj; Njhw;Wtpj;j Ry;jhd; ,];khapy;

(fp.gp. 892-907) Fg;ghTld; $ba xU rkhjpia epWtpAs;shu;. nrq;fw;fshy;

,jd; myq;fhu Ntiyg;ghLfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. gu;`hdh efUf;F

fpof;Nf c];fz;l; vDkplj;jpy; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;Ls;s %d;W rkhjpfSk;

fiy tbtk; nfhz;lit. ,tw;wpy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s kpdhuhf;fs; cauk;

nry;yr; nry;y rpwpjhfpr; nry;Yk; cUis tbtkhdJ.

! JUf;fpapy; fp.gp. 11k; E}w;whz;by; nry;[{f;fpau; fhyg; gFjpapy; ,];yhkpa

fl;blf; fiy kuGfs; mwpKfkhfpd. gs;sp thry;fs;> rkhjpfs;> khspiffs;>

Nfhl;ilfs;>kUe;Jtkidfs;> epidT kz;lgq;fs;> Fspayiwfs; vd;gd

fiyj;jpwd; kpf;fjhf epu;khzpf;fg;gl;ld. k];[pj;fspd; “cY}fkp k];[pj;”>

“myhTjPd; k];[pj;” vd;gdTk; kj;u]hf;fspy; “kj;u]h m\;\p`hk;”

fy;Y}upfspy; “]u; nry;yp” fy;Y}upAk; Kf;fpakhdit. JUf;fpau; jkJ

fl;blq;fis Vida ,];yhkpa ehLfspd; fl;blf;fiyg; gz;GfisAk;

Nru;j;J epu;khzpj;jdu;.

! ,];yhkpa fl;blf;fiy mk;rq;fspy; ,e;jpa fl;blf; fiy mk;rq;fs;

Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpd;wd. ,e;jpahtpy; K];ypk;fspd; Muk;g fl;blq;fs;

mopTfSf;Fl;gl;ld. ,d;W ,e;jpahtpy; fhzg;gLk; kpfg; gioa fl;blk;

FJ}Gj;jPd; Igf; vd;gtu; epu;khzpj;j “Ft;tJy; ,];yhk;” gs;spthryhFk;.

mjd; Nkw;F Gwj;jpy; “<thd;” kz;lgk; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,g;gs;spthrYf;F

mUfhikapy; “FJg; kpdhu;” vDk; NfhGuk; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J 288

mb caukhdJ. NkNy nry;yr; nry;y mstpYk; mikg;gpYk; rpwpjhfpr;

nry;fpwJ. cyfpy; cs;s mofpa fl;blq;fspy; xd;whf ,d;Dk; ,J fhl;rp

jUfpd;wJ.

! kq;Nfhypau; gf;jhijf; ifg;gw;wpa NghJ ghurpf mwpQu;fs; fiyQu;fs;>

mwpQu;fs;> njhopEl;gtpayhsu;fs; ,e;jpahtpYk; FbNawpajd; %yk;

,e;jpahtpy; fl;blf;fiy tsu;r;rpaile;jJ. Jf;yf; Ml;rpapy; Nfhl;ilfs;>

khspiffs; rkhjpfs; mikf;fg;gl;ld. ig&]; \h ;̀ 10>000 Ngu; njhof;$ba

tprhykhd k];[pij mikj;jhu;.

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! ,e;jpaf; fl;blf; fiyapy; nkhfyhau; fhyk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpd;wJ.

xt;nthU Ml;rpahsUk; k];[pj;fisAk;> khspiffisAk;> fy;Y}upfisAk;>

epidTr; rpd;dq;fisAk; mikj;jdu;. kd;dd; mf;gu; fl;blf;fiyia

fiyEl;gq;fNshL tsu;j;Js;shu;. Mf;uhtpypUe;J 26 iky; njhiytpy;

“gj;Gu; rpf;up” efuj;ij mikj;jhu;. jdJ je;ij `{kha+d; vd;gtUf;F

mikj;j rkhjp ryitf;fy; myq;fhuj;ijg; ngw;wpUe;jJ.

! nkhfyhaupd; fl;blf;fiy tuyhw;wpy; \h[`hdpd; fhyk; kpfTk;

tsu;r;rpAw;wJ. ,tu; fl;ba k];[pj;fspy; “Nkhl;b k];[pj;|| “efPdh k];[pj;”

Gfo; kpf;fit. by;yp “[hkpah k];[pj;” kpfTk; fiy El;gj;Jld; fl;lg;gl;lJ.

khspiffspy; “jh[; k`hy;” ‘fy]; k`hy;’ vd;gdTk; Kf;fpakhdit.

\h[`hdpd; fl;blq;fSs; mtUf;F khj;jpukpd;wp ,e;jpahtpw;Nf Gfioj;

Njbf; nfhLj;jjhf jh[;k`hy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. jdJ kidtp Kk;jh[;

Qhgfhu;j;jkhf mikf;fg;gl;lJ. 22 tUlq;fs; 20000 gzpahl;fs; %yk;

,jd; gzpfs; g+u;j;jpahf;fg;gl;ld. ,d;Wk; cyf mjprpaq;fspy; xd;whf

,J fzpf;fg;gLfpwJ. nrq;Nfhl;il ,tuJ fl;blf; fiyapy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

ngWfpwJ.

,irf; fiy,irf; fiy,irf; fiy,irf; fiy,irf; fiy

! ,ir vd;gJ kdpjDf;F kpfTk; neUf;fkhd xd;whFk;. ,];yhkpa ehfupf

tuyhw;wpy; Vida fiyfisg; Nghd;W ,irf; fiyAk; tsu;r;rp ngw;wJ.

egpfshupdJk; ]`hgf;fspdJk; fhyj;jpy; ,irf; fiy ngupJk;

tsu;r;rpailahtpl;lhYk; cikah mg;gh]pa fhyq;fspYk; rpw;wuRfspd;

fhyq;fspYk; ,f;fiy tsu;r;rpaile;Js;sJ.

! ,];yhkpa mwpQu;fs; kj;jpapy; ,ir gw;wp tpj;jpahrkhd fUj;Jf;fs;

epyTfpd;wd. rpyu; Kw;whf kWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;Dk; fUj;jpidAk; kw;Wk;

rpyu; rpy tiuaiwfSld; mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;w epiyg;ghl;ilAk;

nfhz;Ls;sdu;.

! ~~ftpQu;fis topNflu;fs; gpd;gw;Wfpd;wdu;|| (2:224) vDk; my;Fu;Md;

trdj;ijAk;> egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ̀ jP];fshd ~~,irf; fUtpfs; i\j;jhdpd;

fUtpfs;|| ~~,irf; fUtpfs; cilj;njwptjw;Nf ehd; mDg;gg;gl;Nld;||

Nghd;w `jP];fisAk; ,ir $lhJ vd;gjw;F Mjhukhff; nfhs;fpd;wdu;.

! tiuaiwfSld; mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gjw;F Mjhukhf ~egp (]y;)

mtu;fs; kjPdhTf;F ̀ p[;uj; nrd;w NghJ kjPdj;J ngz;fs; rpyu; ~~jymy;

gj;U miydh|| ghb tuNtw;wijAk;>

! Fuy; eaj;jpw;fhf gpyhy; (uop) mtu;fis mjhd; $w epakpj;jijAk;

! xt;nthd;Wf;Fk; Xu; Mguzk; cz;L. my;Fu;Mdpd; Mguzk; mofpa

FuyhFk;.

! ~gdhj; ]{Mj;| vDk; ghliyg; ghba ftpQu; Ri`iy> egp (]y;)

mtu;fs; jdJ Nkdpg; Nghu;itiag; Nghu;j;jp tuNtw;wy; Nghd;w tplaq;fisj;

jkJ fUj;Jf;F Mjhukhf Kd;itf;fpd;wdu;.

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,khk;fshd \hgp< (u ;̀)> mg+̀ dPgh (u ;̀) Nghd;Nwhu; ,ir MFkhdjy;y

vdf;$w ,khk; f];]hyp (u`;) mtu;fs; rpy tiuaiwfSld;

mq;fPfupf;fpd;whu;. ,ir gw;wp ,khk; f];]hyp(u`;) mtu;fs; ~~m];]pkh||

vDk; ngaupy; xU jdp E}iy vOjpAs;shu;.

! ngUehs; jpdq;fs;> kq;fs itgtq;fs; Nghd;w Kf;fpa epfo;Tfspy; Fwpj;j

rpy ,irf;fUtpfNshL ,Ug;gJ mq;fPfupf;fg;gLfpwJ.

! tpurkw;w Mghrkpy;yhj ,];yhkpa czu;TfSf;F khWglhj> vspikahd>

,];yhkpa tzf;f topghLfSf;F ,ilQ;ryhf mikahj ,ir rpy

tiuaiwfNshL mDkjpf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;gJ mjpfkhd mwpQu;fspd;

fUj;jhFk;.

! ,ir mbg;gilapy; `uhkhFk;. tpjp tpyf;fhd rpy re;ju;g;gq;fspy;

mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;fpd;wdh; rpy etPd fhy mwpQu;fs;.

! ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wj;jpw;F Kd;dNu mNugpahtpy; ,ir mwpKfkhfp ,Ue;jJ.

ke;ij Nka;f;fr; nry;Yk; ehNlhb mugpfs; ke;ijfis Nka;f;Fk; NghNj

ghly;fisg; ghb kfpo;r;rpaile;jdu;. efu;g;Gw mugpfSk; kf;fhtpy; xd;W$Lk;

,lq;fspy; ,irAld; ghl;Lg;ghb kfpo;e;jdu;. ,];yhj;jpw;F Kd;G kf;fh

efupy; kJTk; khJTk;> ,irAk;> eldKk; xUq;Nf fpilj;jd. Mz;fSf;fhfg;

ghl;Lg;ghb ,ir toq;fp eldkhLk; ngz;fs; fhk czu;r;rpiaAk; Nru;j;J

toq;fpdu;. ,t;thW ,ir ,opthd epiyapy; ,Ue;jjhy; ed;kf;fs; mjid

ntWj;j NghjpYk;> mjid Mjupf;Fk; $l;lKk; fzprkhf ,Uf;fNt nra;jdu;.

! mgP]Pdpah> vfpg;J> cNuhk> ghurpf gFjpapypUe;J ghlfu;fSk; ehl;ba

eq;iffSk; kf;fhTf;F tUif je;jdu;. ngUehs; jpdq;fspYk; jpUkz

itgtq;fspYk; ,irg; ghly;fs; vd;gd Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw;wd. ,irf;

fr;NrupfSk; elj;jg;gl;ld. [h p̀ypa;ah fhy ,irmikg;G xOf;f tPo;r;rpf;Fk;>

ghtj;jpw;Fk; ,l;Lr; nry;yf; $bajhf ,Ue;jjdhy; ,];yhk; mjid

ntWj;jJ. ,jdhy; jhd; ~~ftpQu;fisg; gpd;gw;Wgtu;fs; top Nflu;fs;||

(26:224) vd my;Fu;Md; Fwpg;gpl;lJ. egp (]y;;) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpYk;>

]`hghf;fspd; fhyj;jpYk; my;Fu;Md;> ]{d;dhtpd; tho;Tf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

nfhLf;fg;gl;ljdhy; ,irapy; K];ypk;fs; Mu;tk; fhl;ltpy;iy. ,Ug;gpDk;

gpd;te;j cikah> mg;gh]pa fhyq;fspy; Vw;gl;l Vida ehfupfq;fSldhd

njhlu;gpdhYk;> Ml;rpahsu;fspdJk; nghJ kf;fspdJk; Mlk;gu

Nkhfj;jpdhYk; ,irf;fiy K];ypk;fs; kj;jpapy; nry;thf;Fg; ngwj;

njhlq;fpaJ.

! cikahf;fs; Ml;rpapd; NghJ ,];yhkpa fpyhgj;jpd; vspikahd gz;Gfs;

gbg;gbahf eyptila Muk;gpj;jJ. rpy cikah Ml;rpahsu;fSk;

mjpfhupfSk; cau;ju tFg;gpdUk; Mlk;gu RfNghf tho;tpy; ehl;lk;

nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jdu;. cNuhku;fspdJk; ghurPfu;fspdJk; fl;Lg;ghl;by; ,Ue;J

gy gpuNjrq;fs; ,tu;fspd; fl;Lg;ghl;by; te;jjdhy; mtu;fisj; jOtp

Ml;rpahsu;fs;> nghJkf;fs; gyUk; ,irg; gpupau;fshf khwptpl;ldu;. trjp

gilj;jtu;fs; ghlfpfis tpiy nfhLj;J thq;fp jj;jkJ tPLfspy; itj;Jf;

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nfhz;ldu;. ,jd; tpisthf cikahf;fsplk; ,irf;fiy nry;thf;Fg;

ngwyhapw;W. cikah fyPgh ,uz;lhk; a]Pj; ,U ,sk; ghlfpfis

itj;jpUe;jhu;. ]yhkh> `ghyh (]{y;yhkh> `{g;gh) vDk; ,t;tpU

ghlfpfSk; fyPghtplk; kpFe;j nry;thf;ifg; ngw;wpUe;jhu;fs;.

! cikah muritapy; cNuhk> ghurPf ,irf; fiyQu;fs; tho;e;Js;sdu;.

,tu;fSs; ,g;D K ;̀up];> ,g;D [{iu[;> my; fuPo;> k/gj; Mfpa ehy;tUk;

Kf;fpakhdtu;fs;. cikah fhy ghlfpfSs; kjPdhitr; Nru;e;j [kPyhTk;>

kf;fhtpy; tho;e;j m]hj; my; kh,yhTk; gpugy;ak; ngw;wtu;fs;.

! mg;gh]pa fhyj;jpy; ,irf;fiy kpf Ntfkhf tsu;r;rpaile;jJ. Ml;rpahsu;

toq;fpa MjuTk;> E}y; nkhop ngau;g;Gk; gy;ehl;L fiyQu;fs;

tuNtw;fg;gl;likAk; ,f;fiy tsu;r;rpaila fhuzkhfpad. mur rigapy;

,ir fiyQuhf ,Ue;j a`;ah my; kf;fp ,irf; fiy tsu;r;rpf;F

gq;fhw;wpdhu;. ~~fpjhGy; m/fhdp|| vDk; E}iy ,tu; vOjpdhu;. Rkhu; 3000

ghly;fis ,e;E}y; nfhz;bUe;jJ.

! ,g;wh`pk; my; nksrpyp Gfo;kpf;ftu;. ,tu; 900 ghly;fis ahj;Js;shu;.

,tu; ghlfpfisg; gapw;Wtpg;gjw;fhd Xu; ,irf; fy;Y}upiaAk; epWtpapUe;jhu;.

! fyPgh ̀ h&dpd; fhyj;jpy; Giy`; ,g;D mgpy; mt;uh> ,g;wh`pk; nksRyp>

,g;D [hkpy; Mfpa %tUk; ,ize;J fyPghit fz;zpag;gLj;Jtjw;fhf

100 ghly;fisj; njhFj;J ~~my;kpM m];]t;Jy; K/ouh|| vdg; ngaupl;ldu;.

mg;gh]pa fyPghf;fshd k/%d;> th]pf;> Kjtf;fpy; Nghd;wtu;fSk; ,ir

fiy tsu;r;rpf;F gq;fspg;G nra;jdu;.

! mg;gh]pau; fhyj;jpy; fpNuf;f ,ir E}y;fs; nkhop ngau;f;fg;gl;lJld;>

K];ypk; mwpQu;fs; ,irf; fiyf; Nfhl;ghLfis tpsf;Fk; tifapy; Rakhf

E}y;fisAk; vOjpdu;. mj;Jld; ,irf; fy;Y}upfis epWtpaJld; gy

,irf; fUtpfisAk; mwpKfk; nra;jdu;.

! K];ypk; ];nga;dpYk; ,irf; fiy tsu;r;rp fz;lJ. ,];̀ hf; nks#tpapd;

khztu; ]pu;gh vd;gtu; nfhu;Nlhth nrd;W mq;F ,irf; fy;Y}up xd;iwAk;

mikj;J khztu;fSf;Fg; gapw;rp toq;fpdhu;. ];ngapd; Ml;rpahsu; K/

jkpj; ,irahu;tk; kpf;f xU fiyQuhf ,Ue;jjdhy; mtuJ Mjutpdhy;

,irf; fiy mq;F tsu;r;rp fz;lJ.

! ,irf; fiy tsu;r;rpf;F ,irf; fiyapy; <Lgl;Nlhu; khj;jpukd;wp Vida

mwptpaw; JiwfSf;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nrYj;jpatu;fSk; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Js;sdu;.

,irf; fiyf;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j mwpQu;fSs; gpd;tUNthu;

Kf;fpakhdtu;fs;.

! a+D]; my; fhjpg; - ghurPfj;ij Nru;e;j ,tu; mwGg; ghly;fisj;; njhFj;j

Kjyhktu;.

! my; fyPy; - muG ahg;G ,yf;fzj;ij Kjd; Kjypy; xOq;FgLj;jpatu;.

,tu; Xir (]t;j;) yak; (rfhT) gw;wpAk; vOjpAs;shu;.

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! my; fpe;jp - jj;Jt mwpQuhd ,tu; ,irf; fiy gw;wp 12 fl;Liufis

vOjpAs;shu;. rq;fPjj;jpd; mbg;gil gw;wpAk; ,tu; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;.

! ,g;D mg;J wg;gp`p - ,f;Jy; guPj; vDk; E}iy vOjpdhu;. ,jpy; ,irf;

fiy ty;Ydu;fspd; tuyhw;iwf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;.

! my; apuhgp - ,tuJ E}y; fpjhg; my; %spf;fh my; fgPu;. fpNuf;f vOj;jhsu;fs;

tpl;Ls;s Fiwfis ,jpy; Rl;bf; fhl;bAs;sdu;.

! my; ,];g`hd; - fpjhg; ~my; mfhdp| ,e;E}ypd; gpwg;G Kjy; ,wg;G tiu

kdpj tho;tpy; Vw;gLfpd;w ,d;gJd;gq;fSf;fhd ftpij Kiwfisf;

Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;.

! ,khk; f];]hyp - gpugy nka;Q;QhdpAk;> jj;Jt QhdpAkhd ,tu;> ,irf;

fiy ,];yhj;jpw;F KuzhdJ vd;W xJf;fptpl ,Ue;j Ntis> Md;kPf

eyDf;fhf ,iriag; gad;gLj;j KbtJ gw;wpAk; ,ir jUk; eyd;fis

gw;wpAk; tpsf;fpAs;shu;. ,ir gw;wp ,tu; vOjpa E}y;fSs; ~~fpjhG];

]kh|| vDk; E}y; Kf;fpakhdJ.

,irf; fUtpfs;,irf; fUtpfs;,irf; fUtpfs;,irf; fUtpfs;,irf; fUtpfs;

! cj; (UD) ahio xj;;j ,irf; fUtp. ,J jhd; mugpfsplk; Muk;gj;jpy;

mwpKfkhfpapUe;jJ. gpd;du; ,J tsu;r;rpaile;J> gioa fUtp ~cj;

fjPk;| vd;Wk; gpd;du; tsu;r;rpaile;jJ. ~cj; fhgpy;| vd;Wkiof;fg;gl;lJ.

! kp];khu; (mizmar) %q;fpypdhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. Gy;yhq;Foiy xj;jJ. ~]{dkp|

vd;gtu; fz;Lgpj;j fUtp ]pdkp vdg;gl;lJ. ,JTk; Gy;yhq;Foiy xj;jJ.

! jg; (Duff) - egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpYk; ,J gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,J

ughid xj;jjhFk;.

! jg;y; (tabl) - ,J jg;iy xj;jjhFk;.

mwG vOj;jzpf; fiymwG vOj;jzpf; fiymwG vOj;jzpf; fiymwG vOj;jzpf; fiymwG vOj;jzpf; fiy

! ,];yhkpa \uPMit mbnahl;b tsu;e;j fiyfspy; gpujhd ,lj;ij

mwG vOj;jzpf;fiy tfpf;fpd;wJ. mwG vOj;jzpf;fiy tbtkhfTk;

ftu;r;rpahfTk;> Xtpa mk;rq;fNshL tbj;Jf; fhl;LtjhfTk; mike;Js;sJ.

! mwG vOj;jzpf;fiy tsu;r;rp fhz;gjw;F gy fhuzq;fs; toptFj;Js;sd.

,];yhk; gy nja;tf; Nfhl;ghl;il jil nra;Js;sjdhy; njs`PJf;F

Kuzhd Xtpak;> rpw;gk; vd;gtw;iw jil nra;jjhy; ,t;thwhd Mu;tKs;s

fiyAzu;r;rpia ntspg;gLj;Jk; xU fiyahf mwG vOj;jzpf;fiy

tsu;r;rpAw;wJ.

! ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wj;jpw;F Kd;Nd mwG vOj;Jf;fs; ~~yfikl;];|| Ml;rpapy;

`puhtpy; md;ghu; vDk; ,lj;jpy; mwpKfkhfp ,Ue;jJ. ,jid ~Kuhkpu;|

vd ;gtu ; mwpKfg ;gLj ;j pdhu ; vdf ;$Wtu ; . ,t ;ntOj ;Jf ;fis

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Fiw\pj;jiytu;fspy; xUtuhd `u;g; ,g;D cikah vd;gtu; kf;fhtpy;

mwpKfk; nra;jjhf ,g;D fy;J}d; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

! ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wj;jpw;F Kd;G mNugpahtpy; ,f;fiy ngupa mstpy;

tsu;r;rp mile;J ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt md;iwa r%fj;ij

~~ck;kpa;A+d;|| vOj thrpf;fj; njupahjtu;fs; vd mioj;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk;

,];yhj;jpd; tsu;r;rpapd; gpd; mwG vOj;jzpf;fiy gbg;gbahf tsu;r;rpaila

Muk;gpj;jJ. ,t;thwhd tsu;r;rp miltjw;F gy fhuzq;fs; toptFj;jd.

! my;Fu;Md;> m];]{d;dhtpy; J}z;Ljy;. ~~E}d; - vOJ Nfhypd; kPJk;

mjidf; nfhz;L mtu;fs; vOjpatw;wpd; kPJ rj;jpakhf|| (68:1)

~~thrpg ;g Puhf! vOJNfhiyf; nfhz;L fw;gpj ;j ckJ ,iwtd;

fz;zpakhdtd;|| (96:3>4)

~~ mofpa vOj;Jf;fspy; vOJq;fs;. mJ cq;fSf;Fg; gufj;ijj; jUk;||

(my; `jP];)

~~ ey;y vOj;ij Kad;W mile;J nfhs;tJ cq;fs; flikahFk;. Vnddpy;

,JNt cq;fsJ rPtNdhghaj;jpd; jpwTNfhyhFk;|| (my; `jP];)

! my;Fu;Md; trdq;fis mofhf vOJtij xU gufj;Jf;Fupa njhopyhff;

fUjp rpyu; my;Fu;Md; trdq;fis mofhf vOj Kaw;rpj;jik

! egp (]y;) mtu;fs; Fj;jhGy; t`pfis epakpf;Fk; NghJ mofhd vOj;jpy;

vOjf; $batu;fSf;F Kd;Dupik toq;fg;gl;lik.

! ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F Kd;du; rpw;gk;> rpiy tbj;jy; Nghd;wtw;iwj;

njhopyhff; nfhz;bUe;jtu;fs; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljhy; jkJ

nghUshjhu eltbf;ifia ,oe;jjdhy; mtu;fSf;F khw;wPlhf muG

vOj;jzpf;fiy mike;jik.

! Ml;rpahsu;fSk; mjpfhupfSk; toq;fpa MjuTk;> ,];yhkpa rhk;uh[;a

tpupthf;fKk;.

! mwG vOj;Jf;fspd; ,ay;ghd Nghf;F. mwG vOj;Jf;fs; tisj;J> neope;J

nfhLf;Fk; jd;ikiaf; nfhz;ljhf fhzg;gLtjhy; mwG vOj;Jf;fiy

tsu;r;rpailtjw;F VJthf mike;jik.

vOj;jzp tsu;r;rpvOj;jzp tsu;r;rpvOj;jzp tsu;r;rpvOj;jzp tsu;r;rpvOj;jzp tsu;r;rp

! egp (]y;) mtu;fspdJk;> Fyghcu; uh\pjPd;fspdJk; fhyj;jpy; mwG

vOj;Jf;fs; mwpKfkhfp ,Ue;jhYk; ngupastpy; vOj;J tbtq;fs;

tsu;r;rpaile;jpUf;ftpy;iy. md;iwa my;Fu;Md; trdq;fis vOJtjw;F

Kjypy; mjpfkhf $gp vOj;J tbtk;jhd; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. gpd;du; e];fp

KiwAk; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

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! cikahf ;fs ; fhyj ;j py ; mwG nkho p mur nkho pahf

gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;ljdhy; mwG my;yjtu;fSk; mwG vOj;jzpf; fiyapy;

Mu;tk; nrYj;jpdu;. Fwpg;ghf ghurPfu;fs; ,jpy; Mu;tk; fhl;bdu;.

! cikahf;fhy fiyQuhd cj;Jah ,g;D cigJy;yh ;̀ $gp vOj;jikg;gpy;

ehd;F ghzpfis mwpKfk; nra;jhu;. fhypj; ,g;D ̀ [;[h[; vDk; fiyQUk;

,jd; Kd;Ndw;wj;Jf;F cioj;jhu;. k];[pJd; egtpapd; jq;f vOj;jpy;

my;Fu;Md; trdq;fis ,tu; nghwpj;Js;shu;.

! mg;gh]pa fhyj;jpy; mwngOj;jzpf;fiy kpf Ntfkhf tsu;r;rp fz;lJ.

,f;fiyapd; tsu;r;rpf;F ~,];̀ hf; gpd; ̀ k;khj;|> mtu; rNfhjud; ~t ;̀̀ hg;|

kw;Wk; ~,g;wh`pk;| Nghd;wtu;fs; gq;fspg;G nrYj;jpdu;. ,f;fhyj;jpy; Gjpa

vOj;J tbtq;fs; Njhd;wpd. ~myp ,g;D cigjh mu;iw`hdp| vd;gtu;

~iw`hdp| vOj;J tbtj;ij mwpKfk; nra;jhu;. ~mg;Jy;yh ;̀ my; ̀ ]d;>

,g;D gt;thg;| Nghd;Nwhu; ,f;fhyj;jpy; mwngOj;jzp tsu;r;rpf;F gq;fhw;wpdu;.

! mg;gh]pa Ml;rpiaj; njhlu;e;J Njhd;wpa rpw;wuRfSk; vOj;jzpf;fiy

tsu;r;rpf;Fg; gq;fhw;wpdu;. JUf;fpa kd;du;fshy; Ry;jhd; ]hyp ;̀> Riykhd;>

Kuhj; MfpNahu; ,jd; tsu;r;rpf;Fg; gq;fhw;wpdu;. rpupah> <uhf; fiyQu;fs;

tutiof;fg;gl;L mtu;fspd; xj;Jiog;igg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;ldu;.

! ,e;jpahtpy; Kfyha Ml;rpfhyj;jpy; vOj;jzpf;fiy tsu;r;rp fz;lJ. kd;du;

ghgu;> ~~`j;J ghg+up|| vDk; vOj;J tbtj;ij mwpKfk; nra;jhu;. kd;du;

mf;gupd; fhyj;jpy; vl;L tifahd vOj;J tbtq;fs; mwpKfkhfpapUe;jd.

kd;du; mt;ud;f]Pg; rpj;jpu> rpw;gf;fiyia ntWj;j NghjpYk; mwngOj;Jf;

fiyapid Mjupj;jhu;. mjd; tsu;r;rpf;F jd;dhyhd gq;fspg;ig toq;fpdhu;.

,tu; jdJ nrhe;jf; fuj;jpdhy; my;Fu;Mid gpujpgz;zp tpw;wjhf tuyhW

$WfpwJ.

! ,t;thwhd mwG vOj;jzpf;fiy fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; gy fl;lq;fisj;

jhz;b tsu;r;rp fz;L ,d;Dk; K];ypk;fs; kj;jpapy; kpfTk; nry;thf;Fg;

ngw;w xU Jiwahff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. Kf;fpa fiyfyhrhu Nghl;b

epfo;r;rpfspy; Xu; mq;fkhfTk; mwG vOj;jzpf;fiy fhzg;gLfpwJ.

mwG vOj;jzp tiffs; :mwG vOj;jzp tiffs; :mwG vOj;jzp tiffs; :mwG vOj;jzp tiffs; :mwG vOj;jzp tiffs; :

1. $gp

! mwG vOj;J tbtq;fspy; Kjypy; Njhd;wpa vOj;J tbtkhf ,J

fhzg;gLfpwJ. capu;f;FwpfNsh> xw;iw ,ul;ilg; Gs;spfNsh ,y;yhj

,t;ntOj;J tbtk; thrpg;gjw;F rw;Wr; rpukkhdjhFk;. ,J vl;L tifahd

gpupTfisAilaJ. Neu;f;NfhLfs;> Nfhzq;fs; vd;gtw;iw nfhz;lJ.

cikah> mg;gh]pa fhy K];̀ g;fs;> khu;f;f E}y;fs; ,t;ntOj;J tbtpNyNa

vOjg;gl;ld.

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2. e];F :

! ,it tl;l vOj;Jf;fs;. Gs;spfisAk; capu;f;FwpfisAk; nfhz;lit.

,yFthf thrpf;f KbAkhdit. fp.gp 7k; E}w;whz;by; mg;Jy;yh ;̀ vd;gtuhy;

,J mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,t;ntOj;J eil %d;wpnyhU gq;F

Neu;NfhLfisf; nfhz;lJ. ,it jbg;gw;w vOj;Jf;fs;. ,t;ntOj;J eil

gutyhf mjpfkhdtu;fshy; cgNahfpf;fg;gLfpwJ. gpw;gl;l fhy K];̀ g;fs;>

khu;f;f E}y;fs;> ehzaq;fs; vd;gtw;wpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

3. m];]{Y];

! ,t;ntOj;jikg;G cikahf;fs; fhyj;jpNyNa mwpKfkhfpaJ. ,J jbj;j

mikg;igf; nfhz;lJ. Kf;Nfhz tbTilaJ. ,t;ntOj;J eilapy; %d;wpy;

xU gFjp Neu; NfhLfisf; nfhz;lJ. myq;fhu Ntiyg;ghLfSf;F

gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. fl;LiufSf;Fj; jiyg;G> cg jiyg;GfSf;F

,t;ntOj;jikg;Ng gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

4. mg;gh]pa fhyj;jpy; JUf;fpa <uhdpa nry;thf;fpd; fhuzkhf gy vOj;J

tbtq;fs; mwpKfkhapd. ,t;thW mwpKfkhd vOj;J tbtq;fspy; xd;whf

~mu;iu`hdp| Kiw fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,jid fyPgh k/%dpd; fhyj;jpy;

myp gpd; cigjh mu;iu`hdp vd;gtu; mwpKfk; nra;jhu;. ,J jbg;gw;w

nky;ypa vOj;Jf;fs;. fl;Liuapd; cs;slf;fj;ij vOj ,t;ntOj;J

eiliaf; ifahz;ldu;.

5. my; K`f;fpf; :

! ,t;ntOj;J Kiwia <uhidr; Nru;e;j mGy; `]d; vd;gtu; mwpKfk;

nra;jhu;. ,t;ntOj;J eilapy; ehd;fpy; xU gFjp tisNfhLfisAk;

vQ;rpa gFjp Neu; NfhLfisAk; nfhz;lJ. ,it jbj;j mofhd vOj;Jf;fs;.

mur Mtzq;fs; ,t;ntOj;J tbtpNy vOjg;gl;ld.

6. jt;fp :

! tis NfhLfisf; nfhz;l jbj;j vOj;J tbtNk ,JthFk;. ,t;ntOj;J

eilapy; ehd;fpy; %d;W gq;F tisNfhLfisf; nfhz;lit. mur

epUgq;fspd; jiyg;Gf;fis vOj ,k;Kiwia gad;gLj;jpdu;.

7. mu;upfh :

! ,t;ntOj;J eilapy; ehd;fpd; %d;W gFjp gq;F tisNfhLfisf; nfhz;lJ.

jt;fp vOj;Jf;fis tpl rpwpaJ. jbg;gw;w mofhd vOj;Jf;fshFk;.

8. e];jypf; :

! myp gpd; jg;uP]; vd;gtu; ,jid mwpKfk; nra;jhu;. ,k;Kiw e];fp

vOj;J Kiwapd; gz;Gfisf; nfhz;like;jJ. mj;Jld; nlypf; vOj;J

KiwiaAk; jOtpajhf fhzg;gl;lJ.

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9. jPthdp :

! c];khdpa fhyg;gpuptpy; ,k;Kiw mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. mur fUk

cgNahfj;jpw;F ,J gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. cau;e;j gy topKiwfis ,J

nfhz;bUe;jjhy; ,yFthf thrpg;gjw;Fr; rw;Wf; fbdkhdJ.

10. k/upg; :

! ];ngapdpy; mwpKfkhd vOj;J tbtkhFk;. $gp vOj;ij jOtpajhf ,J

fhzg;gl;lJ.

120 cg gpupTfis nfhz;L vOj;J tbtq;fs; tsu;r;rpaile;jhYk; ,d;Wtiu

rpy vOj;J tbtq;fs; khj;jpuNk vQ;rpapUf;fpd;wd. mtw;Ws; ~my;$gp>

me;e];fp> m];]{Y];> mu;upfh> mj;jPthdp> my; ghup]p| Mfpa 6 gupTfs;

khj;jpuNk ,d;Wtiu ghJfhf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

! Kuggh - ,J INuhg;gpauplk; fpjhg; vDk; ngaupy; mwpKfkhfpaJ.

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Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 5 .25.25.25.25.2 ::::: ,];yhkpa ehfuPfj;jpy; mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffs;,];yhkpa ehfuPfj;jpy; mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffs;,];yhkpa ehfuPfj;jpy; mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffs;,];yhkpa ehfuPfj;jpy; mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffs;,];yhkpa ehfuPfj;jpy; mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffs;

vt;thW ,Ue;jd vd;gij tpsf;Fthu;vt;thW ,Ue;jd vd;gij tpsf;Fthu;vt;thW ,Ue;jd vd;gij tpsf;Fthu;vt;thW ,Ue;jd vd;gij tpsf;Fthu;vt;thW ,Ue;jd vd;gij tpsf;Fthu;


fw;wy; NgWfs; :fw;wy; NgWfs; :fw;wy; NgWfs; :fw;wy; NgWfs; :fw;wy; NgWfs; : ! K];ypk;fs; mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffspy; <LgLtjw;F

VJthf mike;j fhuzpfis tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.

""! K];ypk;fshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l mgptpUj;jp

eltbf;iffs;; gw;wp tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.

""! K];ypk;fshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l mgptpUj;jp

eltbf;iffisg; gl;baw;gLj;Jthu


efu; epu;khdk;efu; epu;khdk;efu; epu;khdk;efu; epu;khdk;efu; epu;khdk;

! mwG K];ypk;fs; gy efu;fis epu;khzpj;Js;sdu;. mtu;fs; xU ehl;il

ntw;wp nfhz;lJk; Muk;gkhf jiyefUf;fhd xU ,lj;ijj; njupT

nra;thu;fs;. mq;F gs;spthry;> epu;thfg; gzpkidfs; Nghd;wtw;Wf;fhd

tiuglj;ijj; jahupj;Jf; nfhs;thu;fs;. mtw;iwr; #o xt;nthU

Nfhj;jpuj;jpw;Fk; xU gFjpia xJf;fp tpLthu;fs;. mJ my; fjPM vdg;gLk;.

xt;nthU fjPMtpw;Fk; k];[pj;> re;ij> tho;tjw;fhd ,Ug;gplq;fs; vd;gtw;iw

epu;khzpg;gu;. mwG K];ypk;fs; epu;khzpj;j efu;fs; gy cz;L. mtw;Ws;

1. g]uh

]/j; ,g;D mgP tf;fh]; (uop) mtu;fs; i`uh gpuNjrj;ij ntw;wp

nfhz;lJk; epu;khzpj;j efuhf g]uh fhzg;gLfpwJ.

2. $gh

g]uhtpw;Fg; gpd;du; $gh `p[;up 17 ,y; efuhf epu;khzk; ngw;wJ.

g]uhtpw;Fk; $ghtpw;Fk; ,ilapy; `p[;up 83 ,y; `[;[h[; ,g;D a+]{g;

,d;ndhU efiu epu;khzpj;jhu;.

3. G];jhj;

mk;upg;D M]; (uop) mtu;fs; `p[;up 20 ,y; vfpg;ij ntw;wp nfhz;lJk;

epu;khzpj;j efuhFk;.

4. ifuthd;

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mfgj; ,g;D ehgp/ ̀ p[;up 50 ,y; ,jid epu;khzpj;jhu;. efupd; kj;jpapy;

[{k;M k];[pJk;> epu;thfg; gzpkidAk; njhlu;e;J gilazpapdu;fSf;fhd

tPLfSk; mq;F epu;khzpf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.

4. Fu;Jgh

! cikahf;fspd; ,];nga;d; jiyefukhf Fu;Jgh fhzg;gl;lJ. mg;Ju;

u`;khd; jhfpy; gpugy;akhd xU k];[pij mq;F epu;khzpj;jhu;. NkYk; 28

,w;Fk; mjpfkhd khspiffs; mq;F epu ;khzpf ;fg ;gl ;bUe;jd.

mg;gpuNjrj;jpw;Fj; Njitahd ePu; #o ,Ue;j kiyfspy; ,Ue;J

vLj;Jtug ;gl ;lJ. 300 ,w;Fk; mjpfkhd Fspasiwfs; mq;F

epu;khzpf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. me;efupy; mjpfupj;Jf; fhzg;gl;l ghlrhiyfs;>

gy;fiyf;fofq;fs;> E}yfq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; fhuzj;jpdhy; mJ [t;̀ uJy;

Myk; (cyfpd; ,uj;jpdk;) vd;W miof;fg;gl;lJ. me;efuk; mjd;

gpukhz;lj;jhy; gq;jhj; efiu xj;jpUe;jJ. mjw;Fg; gf;fj;jpNy mg;Ju;

u ;̀khd; eh]pu; ] ;̀uh vd;w ,uhrjhzp efiu ̀ p[;up 325 ,y; epu;khzpj;jhu;.

5. gf;jhj;

kjPdJ]; ]yhk; vd ,J miof;fg;gl;lJ. `p[;up 145 ,y; mg+ [/gu; my;

kd;]_u; ijfpuP]; ejpf; fiuapy; ,jid epu;khzpj;jhu;. fpyhgj; epu;thf

efuhf mJ mike;jpUe;jJ.

6. nfa;Nuh

G];jhJf;Fg; gf;fj;jpNy [t;`u; m];]pfpy;yp `p[;up 358 ,y; ,jid

epu;khzpf;f Muk;gpj;jhu;. `p[;up 362 ,y; ghjpkpfs; mq;F nrd;w NghJ

fyPgh K,];]pw;F gpukhz;lkhd xU khspif mq;F epu;khzpf;fg;gl;lJ.

[hkpcy; m];`Uk; mq;F epu;khzpf;fg;gl;lJ.

! Nfhl;ilfs;Nfhl;ilfs;Nfhl;ilfs;Nfhl;ilfs;Nfhl;ilfs;

! mwG K];ypk;fs; ehLfis ntw;wp nfhz;ljd; gpd;du; mq;F Nfhl;ilfis

epu;khzpj;jdu;. Fwpg;ghf \hk;> <uhf;> njd;dhgpupf;fh Nghd;w ehLfisf;

Fwpg;gplyhk;. mq;F nrd;w mtu;fs; Mlk;gukhf gfl;L tho;f;if tho

Muk;gpj;jdu;. Fyghcu; uh\pJ}d;fs; fhyj;jpy; `p[h]py; ,uz;L my;yJ

%d;W khbfs; nfhz;l khspiffs; fhzg;gl;ld. \hk; ehl;by; KjyhtJ

Nfhl;il epu;khzpj;jtuhf KMtpah (uop) mtu;fs; fhzg;gLfpwhu;. mtu;

fl;ba Nfhl;il gRikf; Nfhl;il vd miof;fg;gl;lJ. gpd;du; mJ jhUy;

,khuh vd miof;fg;gl;lJ. cikaf; fhy fyPghf;fs; njhlu;e;J mjidg;

gad;gLj;jp te;jdu;. ghjpkpa;a Ml;rpapd; ,Wjpf; fhyfl;lj;jpy; mf;Nfhl;il

jP %l;b vupf;fg;gl;lJ. fp.gp. 1749 ,y; mf;Nfhl;ilapd; xU gFjp

Gdu;epu;khzpf;fg;gl;L ,d;W tiu jpkp\;fpd; ghuk;gupa E}jdrhiyahfg;

gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpwJ.

! \hk; Njrj;jpy; gy;fh gpuNjrj;jpd; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l Guhjd ,];yhka

,];yhkpa rpd;dq;fspy; Kf;fpakhdJ f];Uy; K\;jhf; Nfhl;ilahFk;.

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gy;NtWgl;l gspq;Ff; fw;fshYk; Ntiyg;ghLfs; nra;ag;gl;l ,f;Nfhl;ilapy;

kpUfq;fspd;> gwitfspd; kw;Wk; kdpj cUtq;fs; mg;gspq;Ffspy;

fhzg;gLtJ rpwg;gk;rkhFk;.

! fyPgh tyPj; ,g;D mg;Jy; kypf;fpdhy; N[hu;jhdpy; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l Fi]u;

`k;uh vd;w Nfhl;ilapd; Rtu;fs; njhy;nghUs; Ma;tpd; NghJ fp.gp 1898

,y; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ. mt;thNw cikahf; fhyj;jpy; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l

Nfhl;ilfs; Fj;]pYk; - gy];jPdpy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ. nghJthf cikahf;

fhyf; Nfhl;ilfs; Vwj;jhs xd;iw xd;W xj;j Njhw;wj;jpNyNa fhzg;gl;ld.

mtw ;iwr ; #o Ntypfs ; > cs ;Ns ngu pa t puhe ;ijfisAk ;

nfhz;like;jpUe;jd. ngUk;ghYk; mit xd;W my;yJ ,uz;L khbfisf;

nfhz;like;jd. mf;Nfhl;ilfisr; #o ntspNa fhzg;gl;l NtypfNs

mtw;Wf;Fg; ghJfhg;G muz;fshf ,Ue;jd. mit mike;jpUe;j gpuNjrk;

ghJfhg;ghdjhfTk; #o tho;e;Njhu; cikahf;fspd; Mjuthsu;fshf

,Ue;jikapdhy; ghupa msT ghJfhg;G muz;fs; mikg;gjw;F

mtrpag;gltpy;iy.

! mg;gh]pa fhyf; Nfhl;ilfisg; nghWj;jkl;by; mit kpfTk;

ngupaitfshfTk; gy khbfisf; nfhz;like;jdthfTk; mike;jd.

ngupa Njhl;lj;jpd; eLNt ku epoy;fs; #o mit mikf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.

Fg;gh mf;Nfhl;ilfspd; rpwg;gk;rkhFk;;. gf;jhjpd; kj;jpapNy mg+ [/gu;

my; kd;]{u; fl;ba f];Uj; jfg; (jq;f khspif) kw;Wk; Nkw;F a+g;uB];

ejpf;fiuapy; fl;lg;gl;l f];Uy; `{y;j; kw;Wk; thrpf;> ]hkpu;uh efupy;

fl;ba f];Uy; `h&dp Nfhl;ilfs; gpugy;akhditfshFk;. ];ngapdpy;

cikahf;fs; epu;khzpj;j Nfhl;ilfs; fpof;fpy; mg;gh]pa Nfhl;ilfistpl

ve;j tifapYk; mofpYk; ftu;r;rpapYk; Fiwe;jitfs; my;y. ];ngapdpy;

Fu;Jgh efuk; gpukhz;lf; Nfhl;ilfSf;Fg; gpurpj;jp ngw;wdthapUe;jJ.

eh]pu; ];ngapdpy; jhUy; uToh vd;w gpukhz;lkhd Nfhl;ilnahd;iw

epu;khzpj;jhu;. my; `k;uh Nfhl;il moFf;Fk; ftu;r;rpf;Fk; cyfg; Gfo;

ngw;wjhFk;. mjd; gpukhz;lkhd thry;fs;> fWg;G thry;> ePjpfhz; thry;

Nghd;witfs; mf;Nfhl;ilapd; rpwg;gk;rkhFk;.

! ghjpkpf;fs; nfa;NuhtpNy my; f];U]; \u;fpia epu;khzpj;jdu;. jdJ

jiytu; my; K,]; ypjPdpy;yhit tuNtw;gjw;fhf [/gUr; rpjpy;yp mjid

epu;khzpj;jhu;. <uhdpy; rgtpa;aPd;fs; epu;khzpj;j Nfhl;ilfs; kpfTk;

tprhykhditfshf ,Ue;jd. mtw;Ws; f];u; ] ;̀y; ]pj;J}d;> f];u; Mdpah

`hdh Fwpg;gplj;jf;fitfshFk;. ngUk;ghyhd Nfhl;ilfs; k];[pj;fs;

fhzg;gl;ld. gy epwq;fs; nfhz;l gspq;Ff; fw;fs; gjpf;fg;gl;l Fspayiwfs;

fhzg;gl;ld.

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Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 5 .35.35.35.35.3 ::::: ,];yhkpa ehfuPfj;jpy; gy;NtW rpe;jidg; gpupTfs;,];yhkpa ehfuPfj;jpy; gy;NtW rpe;jidg; gpupTfs;,];yhkpa ehfuPfj;jpy; gy;NtW rpe;jidg; gpupTfs;,];yhkpa ehfuPfj;jpy; gy;NtW rpe;jidg; gpupTfs;,];yhkpa ehfuPfj;jpy; gy;NtW rpe;jidg; gpupTfs;

Njhd;Wtjw;fhd fhuzj;ijAk; mtw;wpd; rhjfNjhd;Wtjw;fhd fhuzj;ijAk; mtw;wpd; rhjfNjhd;Wtjw;fhd fhuzj;ijAk; mtw;wpd; rhjfNjhd;Wtjw;fhd fhuzj;ijAk; mtw;wpd; rhjfNjhd;Wtjw;fhd fhuzj;ijAk; mtw;wpd; rhjf

ghjfq;fisAk; xg;G Nehf;Fthu;ghjfq;fisAk; xg;G Nehf;Fthu;ghjfq;fisAk; xg;G Nehf;Fthu;ghjfq;fisAk; xg;G Nehf;Fthu;ghjfq;fisAk; xg;G Nehf;Fthu;



! K];ypk;fspilNa rpe;jidg; gpupTfs; Njhw;wk; ngWtjw;F topNfhypa

fhuzpfis ,dq;fz;L tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.

! K];ypk;fspilNa Njhw;wk;ngw;w rpe;jidg;gpupTfspd; jhf;fk; gw;wp tpsf;fpf;

$Wthu;.

! K];ypk;fspy; Njhd;wpa rpe;jidg; gpupTfspilNa fhzg;gl;l

NtWghLfis ,dq;fz;L gl;baw;gLj;Jthu;.

! K];ypk;fspilNa Njhw;wk;ngw;w rpe;jidg;gpupTfspy; Vw;gl;l gpw

fyhrhuq;fspd; jhf;fq;fis NtWgLj;jp ,dq;fhz;ghu;.

! m`;Y]; ]{d;dh ty; [khM topKiwia mwpe;J mjid tho;tpy;

vLj;J elg;ghu;.


K/j]pyhf;fs;K/j]pyhf;fs;K/j]pyhf;fs;K/j]pyhf;fs;K/j]pyhf;fs;

! K/j]pyh vd;gjd; nkhopf;fUj;J gpupe;J nrd;wtu;fs; vd;gjhFk;. ,];yhkpa

kugpy; “mfPjh rhu;e;j tplaq;fisg; gFj;jwpT uPjpahf rpe;jpj;jjdhy; vOe;j

fUj;J NtWghL fhuzkhfg; ngUk;ghd;ik K];;ypk; r%fj;ij tpl;Lk;

gpupe;J nrd;w xU jj;Jt ,af;fk” ; K/j]pyh vd mwpag;gLfpwJ.

Njhw;wk;Njhw;wk;Njhw;wk;Njhw;wk;Njhw;wk;

! ,khk; ̀ ]Dy; g]up(u`;) g]uhg; gs;sp thrypy; ,];yhkpa tFg;Gf;fis

elhj;jpf; nfhzpbUe;j NghJ mtu;fsJ khztu;fspy; xUtdhapUe;j th]py;

gpd; mjhtpdhNyNa ,t;tpaf;fk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,khk; mtu;fSld;

ngUk; ghtk; nra;jtdpd; epiyg;ghL gw;wpj; ju;f;fpj;J Kuz;ghL nfhz;l

th]py;> mtd; Fg;Uf;Fk; <khDf;Fk; ,ilapy; ,Uf;fpwhd; vdf;$wp ,khk;

mtu;fsJ rigapy; ,Ue;J tpyfpr; nrd;whd;. mg;NghJ ,khktu;fs; mtu;

vq;fisg; gpupe;J nrd;whu; vd;W $wpdhu;. ,e;epfo;itj; njhlu;e;J ,tu;fs;

K/j]pyhf;fs;(gpupe;J nrd;wtu;fs;) vd tuyhw;wpy; milahsg;gLj;jg;

gLfpd;wdu;.

! ,khik tpl;Lg; gpupe;j th]py; gFj;jwpT uPjpahfr; rpe;jpf;fj; njhlq;fp

jdJ fUj;Jf;Fr; rhu;ghf khztu;fisj; jpul;bf; nfhz;lhu;. mtu;fsJ

nraw;ghl;lhy; ,t;tpaf;fk; NkYk; tsu;r;rp ngw;wJ.

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! my;Fu;Md; gilf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gJ ,tu;fsJ gpujhd nfhs;iffspy;

xd;whFk;. my;yh ;̀tpd; jhj; ]pghj; gw;wpa tplaj;jpYk; ,tu;fs; Kuz;gl;l

rpe;jidiaf; nfhz;bUe;jdu;. kdpjd; G+uz nraw; Rje;jpuk; kpf;ftd;

vdg; gFjjwpT uPjpahf tpsf;fpdu;. kWikapy; my;yh ;̀itf; fhz KbahJ

vdTk; ngUk; ghtk; nra;jtu;fs; epuhfupg;Gf;Fk;; tpRthrj;Jf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l

epiyapy; ,Uf;fpd;wdu; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdu;.

K/j]pyhf;fspd; mfPjhK/j]pyhf;fspd; mfPjhK/j]pyhf;fspd; mfPjhK/j]pyhf;fspd; mfPjhK/j]pyhf;fspd; mfPjh

! njhlf;fj;jpy; ngUk; ghtk; nra;jtdpd; tplaj;jpy; Kuz;gl;l K/

j]pyhf;fs;> gpd;du; NtW gy tplaq;fspYk; Kuz;gl;ldu;. mjdhy;

mtu;fsplk; gy ek;gpf;iffs; cUthfpd. mtw;Ws; Ie;J mbg;gilfs;

kpf Kf;fpakhdit. mtw;;;;;; ; ;iwg; nghJthf midj;;J K/j]pyhf;fSk;

Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. mit tUkhW.

1. jt;`Pj;:jt;`Pj;:jt;`Pj;:jt;`Pj;:jt;`Pj;: ,tu;fsplj;jpy; jt;`Pj; vd;gJ my;yh`;tpd; jhj;Jk; ]pgj;Jk;

xd;Nw vd;gjhFk;. ,it ,uz;ilAk; gpupj;J jdpahf Nehf;fpdhy; ,iwtdpd;

xUikj; jd;ik ePq;fp tpLk; vd;fpd;wdu;. ,tu;fs; my;yh`;it

vjpu;kiwapNyNa tu;zpg;ghu;fs;. cjhuzkhf. mtd; ePskhdtDky;y.

mfykhdtDky;y. e pwKilatDky;y. RitAilatDky;y.

kzKilatDky;y. ntg;gkhdtDky;y. FspuhdtDky;y….

2.2.2.2.2. ePjp:ePjp:ePjp:ePjp:ePjp: ,jd; %yk; ,tu;;fs; ehLtJ. kdpju;fsJ nraw;ghLfs; midj;Jk;

mtu;fshfNt nra;J nfhs;tJjhd;. mtu;fsJ ve;j nraw;ghl;bYk;

my;yh`;tpd; ehl;lj;jpw;F ve;jg;gq;Fk; fpilahJ. mJ ed;ikahapDk;

rup jPikahapDk; rupNa. xUtdJ jPanraw;ghl;Lf;F my;yh`;tpd; ehl;lk;

fhuzkhf ,Ug;gpd; mJ ePjpf;F KuzhdJ vd;gJ ,tu;fsJ thjkhFk;;

3.3.3.3.3. ,U epiyfSf;F ,ilg;gl;l epiy:,U epiyfSf;F ,ilg;gl;l epiy:,U epiyfSf;F ,ilg;gl;l epiy:,U epiyfSf;F ,ilg;gl;l epiy:,U epiyfSf;F ,ilg;gl;l epiy: cyfpy; ngUk; ghtk; nra;gtd;

vt;tpjj;jpYk; K/kpd; vd;W miof;fg;gl KbahJ. mtd; K/kpDf;Fk;

fhgpUf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l epiyapy; ,Ug;ghd;. mtd; jt;gh nra;jhy; <khdpd;

gf;fk; kPs;thd;. jt;ghr; nra;ahj epiyapy; kuzpj;jhy; eufpy; epue;jukhfj;

jq;Fthd;.

4.4.4.4.4. thf;FWjpAk; jz;;lidAk;:thf;FWjpAk; jz;;lidAk;:thf;FWjpAk; jz;;lidAk;:thf;FWjpAk; jz;;lidAk;:thf;FWjpAk; jz;;lidAk;: ,jd; %yk; ,tu;fs; ek;GtJ. K/kpd;

jt;gh nra;jtdhfTk; fl;Lg;gl;ltdhfTk; cyif tpl;Lr; nrd;why;

gpujpgyd;fSf;Fk; ed;ikfSf;Fk; cupj;Jilatdhthd;. jhd; nra;j ngUk;

ghtj;Jf;fhf jt;gh nra;ahj epiyapy; kuzpj;jhy; mtd; eufpy;

epue;jukhfhfj; jq;Fthd;. vdpDk; mtDf;Fupa jz;lid fhgpUf;Fupa

jz;lidia tplf; Fiwthdjhf ,Uf;Fk;. kWikapy; ghtpfSf;Fj;

jz;lid toq;fg;glhky; kd;dpg;G toq;fg;gLk; vd;w $w;whdJ

my;yh ;̀Tila jz;lidia mu;jkw;wjhf;fp tpLfpwJ. ,e;jf; nfhs;ifapd;

fhuzkhfNt K/j]pyhf;fs; kWikapy; \ghmj; %ykhfg; ghtpfs; gad;

ngWtij epuhfupf;fpd;wdu;.

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5.5.5.5.5. ed;ikia Vtpj; jPikiaj; jLj;jy;:ed;ikia Vtpj; jPikiaj; jLj;jy;:ed;ikia Vtpj; jPikiaj; jLj;jy;:ed;ikia Vtpj; jPikiaj; jLj;jy;:ed;ikia Vtpj; jPikiaj; jLj;jy;: ehtpdhNyh ifapdhNyh

MAjj;jpdhNyh rf;jp ngWk; NghJ mjw;Nfw;g ed;ikia Vtpj; jPikiaj;

jLg;gJ midtu; kPjpdJk; flikahdjhFk;

,it my;yhj ,d; ;Dk; gy ek;gpf ;iffSk; K/j]pyhf;fsplk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mtw;Ws; rpy mtu;;fsplk; fUj;JNtWghlhdit. ,d;Dk;

rpy fUj;njhw;Wikahdit. mit tUkhW

1. kWikapy; vtUf;Fk; my;yh`;;;itf; fhz KbahJ

2. my;Fu;;Md; gilf;fg;gl;lJ

3. my;yh`; mu;\py; mku;e;Js;shd; vd;gij kWj;jy;

4. ngUk; ghtk; nra;j vtUf;Fk; egpatu;fspd; \ghmj;ij ngwKbahJ.

5. mt;ypahf;fspd; fuhkj;ij kWj;jy;

K/j]pyhf;fspd; cl;gpupTfs;K/j]pyhf;fspd; cl;gpupTfs;K/j]pyhf;fspd; cl;gpupTfs;K/j]pyhf;fspd; cl;gpupTfs;K/j]pyhf;fspd; cl;gpupTfs;

gFj;jwpit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l K/j]pyhf;fs; jkf;Fs;Sk; fUj;J

NtWghLgl;L <khd; rhu;e;j tplaq;fspy; gy cl;gpupTfshfg; gpupe;jdu;.

mtw;Ws; rpy

1. th]pypa;ah 2. `_ijypa;ah

3. epyhkpa;ah 4. `hjpgpa;ah

5. g\upa;ah 6. Ku;jhupa;ah

7. ]khkpa;ah 8. `p\hkpa;ah

! ,J kl;Lky;yhJ K];ypk; ck;kj;jpy; [`kpa;ah> fjuupa;ah. [gupa;ah.

Kmj;jpyh Nghd;w gpupTfs; Njhd;Wtjw;Fk; K/j]pyhf;fs; cUthf;fpa

gFj;jwpTthj rpe;jidg; Nghf;Nf fhuzkhf mike;jJ. <khd; rhu;e;j

tplaq;fspy; gFj;jwpTf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLg;gjd; %yk; cz;ikiaf;

fz;lwpa KbahJ vd;gjw;F Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l gpupTfs;; rpwe;j vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;.

! mg;gh]pa Ml;rpahsuhd k/%dpd; fhyj;jpy; K/j]pyhf; nfhs;if mur

nfhs;ifahfg; gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,f;nfhs;ifia Vw;fhNjhu;

rpj;jputijf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;ldu;. ,jdhy; ,f;nfhs;if mur MjuNthL tsuj;

njhlq;fpaJ. gpd;te;j Ml;rpahsu;fs; ,f;nfhs;iff;F MjuT

toq;fhikapdhYk; mwpQu;;fspd; njspthd ,];yhkpa mfPjhg; gpurhuj;jhYk;

mJ ,y;yhnjhope;jJ. vdpDk; mjd; rpe;jidj; jhf;fk; ,d;Wk; rpy K];ypk;

gFj;jwpthsu;spilNa nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jtij mtjhdpf;f KbfpwJ.

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m\;mupa;ahm\;mupa;ahm\;mupa;ahm\;mupa;ahm\;mupa;ah

! ,];yhkpa r%fj;jpy; Njhd;wpa m`;Y];]{d;dh my;[khmj; rpe;jidf;F

cl;gl;l mfPjh uPjpahd ,af;fkhf m\;mupa;ah ,af;fk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

! ,J K/j]pyhf;fspd; jPtpu gFj;jwpthj rpe;jidapdhy; kf;fs; kj;jpapy;

Vw;gl;bUe;j gpioahd rpe;jidfis fise;J kf;fisr; rupahd mfPjhtpd;

gf;fk; top elhj;Jtjw;fhf ,khk; mGy; ̀ ]d; m\;mup (u`;) mtu;fshy;

Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l ,af;fk;.

! K/j]pyhf;fs; gFj;jwpitAk;> jj;Jt Qhdj;ijAk mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

,];yhkpa mfPjhitg; gpioahf tpsf;fpa NghJ my;Fu;Md;> my; `jP];

Mjhuq;fspd; mbg;gilapYk; gFj;jwpT uPjpahfTk;> thjq;fspD}lhfTk;

jfu;j;njwpe;jtuhf ,khk; mGy; `]d; m\;mup (u`;) mtu;fs;

fhzg;gLfpwhu;fs;.

Njhw;wk; tsu;r;rp :Njhw;wk; tsu;r;rp :Njhw;wk; tsu;r;rp :Njhw;wk; tsu;r;rp :Njhw;wk; tsu;r;rp :

! `p[;up 260 g]uhtpy; gpwe;j mGy; `]d; ,g;D ,];khaPy; my; m\;mup

vd;gtuhy; ,t;tpaf;fk; Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ.

! ,tuJ je;ij ,];khapy; ,we;jjd; gpd;du; jha; mg+ myp [{g< vd;gtiu

jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;lhu;. ,jdhy; my; [{g<apd; mutizg;gpy; tsu;e;jhu;.

,jdhy; Muk;gj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj K/j]pyh nfhs;iff;Fr; rhu;g;ghdtuhf

tsu;e;J te;jhu;.

! mtu; mg+ %]h m\;mup (uop) mtu;fspd; guk;giuiar; Nru;e;jtu;.

! mg+ ,];`hf; my; Ku;]p vd;gtuplKk; ,tu; fw;Wf; nfhz;lhu;.

! Muk;gj;jpy; K/j]pyhf;fSf;F rhu;ghf gy tpthjq;fspy; <Lgl;lhu;. ,jd;

gpd;du; K/j]pyhf; nfhs;ifiaj; jdpikapy; ,Ue;J Mokhf Muha;e;jjhu;

mjpy; gy Fiwfisf; fz;L K/j]pyhf;fSf;F vjpuhd jdJ rpe;jidfis

Kd;itj;jhu;.

! mGy; ̀ ]d; jj;JtuPjpahfTk;> gFj;jwpT uPjpahfTk; my;Fu;Md;> ]{d;dhtpd;

Mjhuq;fisf; nfhz;L jdJ fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itj;jjdhy; ,tuJ

fUj;Jf;fs; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; kpf Ntfkhf nry;thf;Fg; ngw;W tsu;r;rpAw;wd.

! ,khk; mGy; ̀ ]d; eLepiyr; rpe;jidNahL mfPjh uPjpahf ~~my; ,ghdh

md; c]{ypj; jpahdh|| vDk; E}iy ,khk; mg+`dPghtpd; topKiwiag;

gpd;gw;wp vOjp ntspapl;lhu;.

! ,khk; mGy; `]d; `p 324y; kuzpj;j NghJ ~~eh]pU]; ]{d;dh|| vd

kf;fs; ,tiug; Gfo;e;jdu;.

! m\;mupa;ah rpe;jidia Kf;fpakhd mwpQu;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljdhYk;

mjw;F murpay; MjuT fpilf;fg; ngw;wjdhYk; mJ kpf Ntfkhf

tsu;r;rpAw;wJ.

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! ,khk; f];]hyp> my; ghfpyhdp> `dgp> khypf;> \hgp< kJ`ig Nru;e;j

mwpQu;fs; ,f;nfhs;ifia Mjupj;jdu;.

! nry;[{f;fpa Ml;rpahsu; epohKy; Ky;f;> gj;jhj; epohkpa;ah gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;

,f;nfhs;ifia Nghjpf;f Vw;ghL nra;jhu;.

! gpd;te;j Ml;rpahsu;fshd E}Uj;jPd; ]d;fP> ]yh`{j;jPd; ma;a+gp

Nghd;wtu;fSk; ,f;nfhs;iff;Fr; rhu;ghf nraw;gl;ljdhy; ,f; nfhs;if

tsu;r;rpAw;wJ. ,d;Wtiu gy ehLfspd; gpd;gw;wg;gLtNjhL gy

gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy; Nghjpf;fg;gl;Lk; tUfpd;wJ.

m\;mupa;ahf;fspd; gpujhd Nfhl;ghLfsm\;mupa;ahf;fspd; gpujhd Nfhl;ghLfsm\;mupa;ahf;fspd; gpujhd Nfhl;ghLfsm\;mupa;ahf;fspd; gpujhd Nfhl;ghLfsm\;mupa;ahf;fspd; gpujhd Nfhl;ghLfs;

1. my;yh`; gpugQ;rj;ij ~~Fd;|| (MFf) vd;w thu;j;ij %yk; gilj;jhd;.

2. ey;ybahu;fs; kWikapy; my;yh`;it ntw;Wf; fz;fshy; ghu;g;ghu;fs;.

3. my;yh`;tpd; ]hj;Jk;> ]pghj;Jk; ntt;NtwhditahFk;.

4. my;yh`;Tf;F mwpT> Qhdk;> rf;jp Nghd;w gz;Gfs; cz;L.

5. my;yh`;tpd; Ngr;R gilf;fg;gl;ljd;W. MfNt my;Fu;Md;

gilf;fg;gl;ljd;W.

6. njs`Pij Vw;Wf; nfhz;ltu; K];ypkhthu;. mtu; ngUk;ghtk; nra;jhy;

ghtpahff; fUjg;gLfpwhu;. mtu; gw;wpa KbT my;yh`;tplNk cs;sJ.

7. my;yh`;tpd; cjtpapd;wp kdpjdhy; Rakhfr; nraw;gl KbahJ.

8. Rtu;f;fKk;> eufKk; gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

9. kWikapy; my;yh`;tpd; \ghmj; cz;L.

10. fg;upy; Kd;fu;> efPu; vd;w ,U kyf;Ffspd; tprhuiz cz;L.

11. egp (]y;) mtu;fs; clYld; kp/uh[; nrd;whu;fs;.

12. gFj;jwpit tpl t`pf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

mfPjh uPjpahd gpupTfs; Njhd;wpajhy; Vw;gl;l tpisTfs;.mfPjh uPjpahd gpupTfs; Njhd;wpajhy; Vw;gl;l tpisTfs;.mfPjh uPjpahd gpupTfs; Njhd;wpajhy; Vw;gl;l tpisTfs;.mfPjh uPjpahd gpupTfs; Njhd;wpajhy; Vw;gl;l tpisTfs;.mfPjh uPjpahd gpupTfs; Njhd;wpajhy; Vw;gl;l tpisTfs;.

1. K];ypk; r%fj;jpy; If;fpak; rPu;Fiye;jik.

2. mu;j;jkw;w thjg;gpujpthjq;fs; mjpfupj;jik.

3. mfPjh Nfhl;ghLfs; ru;r;irfs; epiwe;j xU Jiwahf Nehf;fg;gl;lik.

4. gFj;jwpT thj rpe;jid nry;thf;fpw;F K];ypk; r%fk; cl;gl;lik.

5. ,];yhkpa fpyhgj; tYtpoe;J nrd;wik.

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6. mu;j;jkw;w thjg;gpujpthjq;fspy; Neuk;> gzk;> mwpT> mjpfhuk; Nghd;wd

J\;gpuNahfk; nra;ag;gl;lik.

7. Vfj;Jtj;jpw;F Kuzhd nfhs;iffs; Njhd;wpaik.

8. ,];yhkpa mfPjh vd;w Njhuizapy; gpw r%f> fyhrhu fUj;Jf;fs;

K];ypk;fspilNa nry;thf;Fg; ngw;wik.

9. ,];yhk; gw;wpa jg;ggpg;gpuhaq;fs; gpwuplk; cUthfpaik.

10. fyPghf;fSk;> Kf;fpa jiytu;fSk; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;lik.

\PM\PM\PM\PM\PM

! \PM vd;w nrhy; nkhop uPjpahf “gpupT” “$l;lk;” vd;Wk; “MjuT mzp”

vd;Wk; nghUs; jUfpwJ. ,t;tu;j;jj;jpy; my;Fu;MDk; rpy ,lq;fspy; ,r;

nrhy;iy cgNahfpj;Js;sJ. (c-k;) (28:15> 37:83)

! ,];yhkpa kugpy; “myp(uop) mtu;fs; kPJk; mtu;fsJ FLk;gj;jtu; kPJk;

msT fle;j md;ig ntspg;gLj;JtJld; mtu;fSf;Nf egpatu;fspd; gpd;

murpay;> Md;kpf jiyikj;Jtk; thupR mbg;gilapy; nrd;wpUf;fNtz;Lk;

vdf;$wp Ke;jpa %d;W fyPghf;fs; kPJk; mtu;fSf;F Mjuthd ]`hghf;fs;

kPJk; jg;ggpg;gpuhaj;ijg; gug;Gk; xU rpe;jidg; gpupT \PM vd;W

miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

! K];ypk;fs; kj;jpapy; Njhd;wpa Kuz;gl;l rpe;jidg; gpupTfSs; “\PM”vd;w

gpupT ePz;l tuyhw;iwAk; xd;Wf; nfhd;W Kuzhd gy cl;gpupTfisAk;

cila rpWghd;ik K];ypk; mzpapduhtu;. fyPgh myp (uop) mtu;fsJ

fhyj;jpy; vOe;j murpay; uPjpahd fUj;J Kuz;ghLfspd; gpd;dzpapy;

Njhd;wpa ,g;g pu ptpd; Njhw;wk; Fwpj ;J ngUk;ghd;ik K];ypk ;

mwpQu;fspilNaAk; \PM mwpQu;fspilNaAk; khWgl;l fUj;Jf;fs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

Njhw;wk;Njhw;wk;Njhw;wk;Njhw;wk;Njhw;wk;

! \PMf;fspd; Njhw;wk; Fwpj;Jf; $wg;gLk; fUj;Jf;fs;

! “vdJ Md;kh vtd; iftrk; ,Uf;fpd;wNjh mtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf ,tUk;

,tiug; gpd;gw;Wk; gpuptpdUNk (\PM) kWikapy; ntw;wp ngw;Nwhuhtu;”

vd egpatu;fs; myp (uop) iag; ghu;j;J $wpdhu; vd;W [hgpupg;D mg;Jy;yh ;̀

(uop) mtu;fspd; ngaupy; \Pah rhu;G fpue;jq;fspy; upthaj;J nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

`jPi] Mjhukhf itj;J egpatu;fsJ tghj;ijj; njhlu;e;J mG+gf;u;

(uop) mtu;fs; fyPghthf njupT nra;ag;gl;l rkaj;jpy;> myp (uop) jhNd

mjw;Fj; jFjpngw;wtu; vdf; fUjpaNghJ rpy ]`hghf;fs; mtUf;F

Mjutspj;jjd; %yk; ,g;gpupT Njhw;wk; ngw;W tpl;lJ vd rPahf;fspy;

ngUk;ghyhNdhu; fUJfpd;wdu;.

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! fyPgh c];khd;(uop) mtu;fsJ Ml;rpapd; ,Wjpf; fhyg;gFjpapy; mikjpaw;w

#o;epiy cUthfp ngUk; Fog;gq;fSk; ru;r;irfSk; mjpfupj;jd. fyPgh

c];khd; (wop) mtu;fs; nfhiy nra;ag;gLksTf;F Nkrkile;jJ.

fyPgh c];khd; (uop) mtu;fs; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;lijj; njhlu;e;J Ml;rpf;F

te;j fyPgh myp (uop) mtu;fsplk; mePjpahd Kiwapy; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;l

fyPgh c];khd; (wop) mtu;fSf;fhf gop jPu;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd xU FO

Nfhupf;ifia Kd;itj;jJ.

Gjpa fyPghtpdhy; cldbahf ,e;jf; Nfhupf;ifia epiwNtw;w Kbahky;

Nghdjhy; Vw;gl;l Kuz;ghLfs; fyPghTf;Fk; \hk; Njr ftu;du; KMtpah

(uop) mtu;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa ,U mzpiaAk; me;j mzpiaAk; rhuhj

FOthf K];ypk;fs; %d;W mzpfshfg; gpupe;jdu;. fyPghtpd; %d;whtJ

mzp \PmJ myp vd;Wk; KMtpahtpd; mzp \PmJ KMtpah vd;Wk;

miof;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd; njhluhf myp (uop) mtu;fsJ Mjuthsu; mzp

njhlu;e;Jk; \PM vd;w ngaupy; miof;fg;glyhapw;W.

! \Pah rpe;jidg; gpuptpd; tsu;r;rpf;F %d;whk; fyPgh c];khd; (uop) mtu;fsJ

fhyj;jpy; epytpa mikjpaw;w #o;epiyia> rpy jPa rf;jpfs; jkf;Fr;

rhjfkhfg; gad;gLj;jpf;nfhz;ldu;. mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D ]gh vd;w A+jd;

K];ypk; rKjhaj;jpd; xU mq;fkhf ,Ue;J nfhz;Nl ]`hghf;fSf;F

kj;jpapy; Fog;gj;ij cz;Lgz;Zk; ifq;fupaj;jpy; <Lgl;lhd;.

]`hghf;fSf;fpilNa c];khd; (uop) mtu;fSf;F vjpuhfTk; myp (uop)

mtu;fSf;F MjuthfTk; kf;fisj; J}z;btpl;lhd;. rkhjhd Kaw;rpfisr;

r Pu ;Fiyg;gjw;Fk; K];ypk; rKjhaj;jpy; njhlu;e ;Jk; gpsTfis

VwgLj;Jtjw;Fk; kpfj; jPtpukhf Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;lhd;. ,td;

mwpKfg;gLj;jpa Nfhl;ghLfshYk; ,tdJ gpur;rhu Kaw;rpahYk; \Pahg;

gpupT tsu;r;rpAw;W jPtpu rf;jpahf khwpajhf m ;̀Y];]_d;dh ty; [khj;ijr;

Nru;e;j ngUk;ghyhNdhu; fUJfpd;wdu;.

! c];khd; (uop) mtu;fsJ Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; \PM vd;w nrhw;gpuNahfk;

Kjw;jlitahd Fwpg;gpl;lnjhU mzpiaf; Fwpf;f gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

c];khd; (uop) mtu;fis tpl myp (uop) mtu;fs; fpyhgJf;F

Kw;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;F Ntz;Lk; vd;w epiyg;ghl;ilf; nfhz;bUe;jtu;fNs

\PMf;fs; vd Kjw;jlitahf milahsg;gLj;jg;gl;ldu;.

! a]PJila fhyj;jpy; myp (uop) mtu;fsJ kfd; `_i]d; (uop) mtu;fs;

<uhf; kf;fspd; miog;ig Vw;W mq;Nf nry;Yk;NghJ fu;gyh vd;w ,lj;jpy;

mur gilapduhy; kpfj; Jf;ffukhd Kiwapy; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhu;fs;.

,jdhy; Mj;jpukile;j mtuJ Mjuthsu;fs; ̀ _i]d; (uop) mtu;fSf;fhf

jk;capiuAk; mu;g;gzpj;J cikahf; fpyhgj;Jf; nfjpuhfg; Nghuhl rj;jpag;

gpukhzk; nra;J nfhz;ldu;. md;wpypUe;J \PM vd;w xU gpupT K];ypk;;fs;

kj;jpapy; tYg;ngw;wJ vdyhk;.

! Nkw;$wg;gl;l fUj;Jf;fs; xt;nthd;iwAk; \Pahf;fspd; czu;T G+u;tkhd

nraw;ghLfSld; xg;GNehf;fpg; ghu;f;fpd;wNghJ fu;gyhTld; njhlu;GgLj;jpf;

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$wg;gLk; fUj;Nj rupahdjhfj; Njhd;WfpwJ. Vnddpy; \PMf;fspd;

czu;TG+u;tkhd ntspg;ghLfs; midj;Jf;Fk; fu;gyh epfo;Nt fhuzkhf

mike;Js;sJ.

\Pah xU nfhs;ifahf tsu;r;rpngwy;\Pah xU nfhs;ifahf tsu;r;rpngwy;\Pah xU nfhs;ifahf tsu;r;rpngwy;\Pah xU nfhs;ifahf tsu;r;rpngwy;\Pah xU nfhs;ifahf tsu;r;rpngwy;

! \PM ,af;fj;jpd; ,khk;fspy; xUtuhd [/gu; ]hjpf; (u`;) (`p.80-148)

kw;WK; \PM rpe;jidahsuhd ̀ p\hk; gpd; ̀ fk; (`p.190kuzk;) Nghd;Nwhu;

\PMf; nfhs;iffis tFj;jjpy; Kd;dzp tfpj;jhu;fs;. egp (]y;) mtu;fs;

jkf;Fg; gpd;du; K];ypk; ck;kj;jpd; jiytuhf myp (uop) mtu;fis

epakpj;J tpl;Lr; nrd;whu; vd;w fUj;ij Kjd; Kjyhf `p. 2 Mk;

E}w;whz;by; tho;e;j p̀\hk; gpd; ̀ fk; Mthu;. \PM rpe;jidapd; tuyhw;wpy;

my;Fu;md;> `jP]pd; %yk; myp (uop) mtu;fsJ jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;F

Mjhuq;fs; Kd;itf;Fk; kuG `p\hk; gpd; `fKf;Fg; gpd;Ng Njhw;wk;

ngw;wJ. ,t;thW my;Fu;Md; trdq;fSf;$lhfTk; egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ

egp nkhopf;$lhfTk; myp (uop) mtu;fsJ jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;F Mjhuk;

Kd; itf;Fk; \PMf; nfhs;if tuyhw;wpy; mfPjJe; e]; ty; t]pa;ah

vdg;gLfpwJ.

! ,f;nfhs;ifia Kjd; Kjyhf ̀ p\hk; gpd; ̀ fk; Kd;itf;f mtu;fNshL

rkfhyj;jpy; tho;e;jtu;fSk;> gpd;dhy; tho;e;jtu;fSk; mjidg; gpurhuk;

nra;jhu;fs;. ,e;j tifapy; `j;jhj;> mG+ ]<j; tuhf;> ,g;D uhtd;jp

Nghd;Nwhu; ,f;nfhs;ifiag; gpur;rhuk; nra;jtu;fspy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftu;fshtu;.

! ,f;nfhs;if Kd;itf;fg;gl;lijj; njhlu;e;J \Pah(f; fl;rp) jdpahd rpe;jidg;

gpupthf khwpaJ. ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; Njhd;wpa Vida rpe;jidg;

gpupTfspypUe;J \Pah ,af;fj;ij NtWgLj;Jk; mbg;gilf; nfhs;ifahfTk;

,J fUjg;gLfpwJ. \PaJ myp - mypapd; fl;rpapdu; vd;w murpay;

epiiyg;ghlhf khj;jpuk; ,Ue;j epiy khwp \Pah vd;gJ xU nfhs;ifahf

tsu;r;rp fz;lJ.

! vdpDk;> m`;Yy; igj; vdg;gLk; egpatu;fsJ FLk;gj;jpdiu Nerpg;gjd;

%yk; xUtu; \Pahf; nfhs;ifiar; rhu;e;jtuhf Mfptpl KbahJ. myp(uop)

mtu;fsJ jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;F Mjhukhf Kd;itf;fg;gLk; ,f;nfhs;ifia

ek;GgtNu \PMf; nfhs;ifapd; mq;fj;jtdhf \PM r%fj;jpdhy; fUjg;gLtu;.

,e;j tifapy;jhd; myp (uop) mtu;fspd; Mjuthsu;fshfNth my;yJ

mtuJ mzpiar; rhu;e ;jtu;fshfNth ,Ug;gtu;fs; \PMf;fshf

fUjg;gLtjpy;iy.

! myp (uop) mtu;fs; \PMf; nfhs;ifapd; ];jhgfNuh \PMNth my;yu;.

khwhf \PMf;fspd ; topjtwpa nfhs;iffspypUe ;J Kw;w pYk;

epuguhjpahdtu;fs;. ,e;epiyapy; myp(uop) mtu;fisAk; mtu;fsJ

FLk;gj;jtu;fisAk; \PMf;fs; vd ek;gpf;if nfhs;tJ topjtwpa

epiyg;ghlhFk;.

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\Pahf;fspd; cl;gpupTfs;\Pahf;fspd; cl;gpupTfs;\Pahf;fspd; cl;gpupTfs;\Pahf;fspd; cl;gpupTfs;\Pahf;fspd; cl;gpupTfs;;

! egp (]y;) mtu;fSf;Fg;gpd; myp(uop) mtu;fSf;Nf murpay; Md;kpfj;

jiyikj;Jtk; nry;y Ntz;Lk; vd;w jPtpu ek;gpf;iff; Nfhl;ghL fhuzkhf

ngUk;ghd;ik K];ypk; r%fj;ij tpl;Lk; gpupe;J nrd;w \Pahf;fs;

`_i]d;(uop) mtu;fSf;Fg;gpd; mLj;j ,khk; ahu; vd;w tplaj;jpy; xt;nthU

,khkpd; kuzj;ijj; njhlu;e;Jk; jkf;F kj;jpapy; vOe;j fUj;J NtWghLfs;

fhuzkhf jkf;Fs; ,d;Dk; gy gpupTfshfg; gpupe;J nrd;wdu;. \Pahf;fs;

vt;thW gpupe;J nrd;whu;fs; vd;gJ gw;wp \Pahf;fspd; NguwpQu;fspy; xUtuhd

my;yhkh jgjghap gpd;tUkhW tpsf;Ffpwhu;.

! “,khk; ̀ _i]dpd; capu;j; jpahfj;jpd; gpd; \Pahf;fspy; ngUk; ghd;ikapdu;

myp ,g;D `_i]d; m];][;[hjpDila ,khkj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;l

mNjNtis> fp]hdpa;ah vd;W mwpag;gl;l xU FOtpdu; mypapd; %d;whtJ

Gjy;thud K`k;kj; ,g;D `dgpa;ahit ehd;fhtJ ,khk; vd;Wk;

thf;fspf;fg;gl;l k`;jp mtNu vd;Wk; ek;gpdu;. ,khk; ][;[hjpd;

kiwtpw;Fg;gpd; \Pahf;fspy; ngUk; ghd;ikapdu; mtuJ Gjy;tu; K`k;kj;

gpd; ghf;fpiu ,khkhf Vw;Wf; nfhz;ldu;. ,khk; my; ][;[hjpd; ,d;ndhU

Gjy;thud i]j; my; \`Pijg; gpd;gw;wpa rpWghd;ikapdu; i]jpfs; vd

mwpatug;gl;ldu;.

! ,khk; K`k;kj; my;ghfpiuj; njhlu;e;J \Pahf;fs; mtuJ Gjy;tu; [/gu;

my; ]hjpif ,khkhf Vw;Wf; nfhz;;ldu;. ,khk; [/gupd; kiwTf;Fg;gpd;

ngUk;ghd;ikapdu; mtuJ Gjy;tu; %]h my; fhopikg; gpd;gw;wpdu;. vdpDk;

xU $l;lj;jpdu; Mwhk; ,khkpd; %j;j Gjy;tu; ,];khaPiyg; gpd;gw;wj;

njhlq;fpdu;. ,];khaPy; je;ijahu; capUld; ,Uf;Fk; NghNj fhykhdhu;.

,tiug; gpd;gw;wpa $l;lj;jhu; ngUk;ghd;ik \Pahf;fsplkpUe;J gpupe;jJk;

,];khapypfs; vdg;gl;ldu;. VidNahu; MwhtJ ,khkpd; xU Gjy;thud

mg;Jy;yh ;̀ my; mg;jhitNah my;yJ kw;nwhU Gjy;thud K`k;kijNah

,khkhf Vw;Wf; nfhz;ldu;. ,Wjpahf ,d;ndhU Nfh\;bapdu; Mwhk;

,khikf; filrp ,khkhff; fUjp mtUld; epWj;jpf; nfhz;ldu;. mNj

Nghd;W ,khk; %]h fhopkpd; capu;j; jpahfj;jpd; gpd; ngUk;ghd;ikapdu;

mtuJ Gjy;tu; myp mu;upohit vl;lhtJ ,khkhfg; gpd;gw;wpdu;. vdpDk;

xU rpyu; VohtJ ,khKld; epWj;jpf; nfhz;;ldu;. mtu;fs; thfpgpa;ah

vdg;gl;ldu;.

! gj;jhtJ ,khkpd; Gjy;tu; [/gu; jk; rNfhjuuhd gjpNdhuhtJ ,khkpd;

kiwtpw;Fg;gpd; jhNk ,khnkd cupik nfhz;lhbdhu;. xU Nfh\;bapdu;

mtiug; gpd;gw;wpa NghjpYk; rpy ehl;fspy; mtu;fs; rpjwpg; Nghapdu;.

mjd; gpd; [/gUk; ,khnkd cupik NfhUtij tpl;Ltpl;lhu;”.

! \Pahf;fs; gw;wp Ma;T nra;jtu;fs; mtu;fSf;F kj;jpapy; vOgJf;Fk;

Nkw;gl ;l gpu pTfs; fhzg;gLtjhf; $Wfpd;wdu; . mtw;Ws; kpf

Kf;fpakhditfshf gpd;tUtdtw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

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1. ,];dhm\;mupa;ah

2. if]hdpa;ah

3. gj;`pa;ah

4. thfpgpa;ah

5. Ei]upa;ah

6. i]jpa;ah

7. ,];kh<ypa;ah

,];dhm\;mupa;ah,];dhm\;mupa;ah,];dhm\;mupa;ah,];dhm\;mupa;ah,];dhm\;mupa;ah

! ,];dhm\upa;ah vd;why; gd;dpUtiur; rhu;e;Njhu; vdg; nghUs;gLk;.

,g;gpuptpdu; ,t;thW miof;fg;glf; fhuzk; ,tu;fs; ,khk;fspd; nkhj;j

vz;zpf;if gd;dpuz;L vd;W ek;GtjdhyhFk;. mj;;;;;;Jld; ,tu;fs; ,khkpa;ah

vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wdu;. ,];dhm\;mupfNs ,d;W cyfpy; kpff;$ba

vz;zpf;ifAk; nry;thf;Fk; nfhz;l \PMg; gpuptpduhtu;;.

,];kh<ypa;ah,];kh<ypa;ah,];kh<ypa;ah,];kh<ypa;ah,];kh<ypa;ah

! ,khk; [/gu; ]hjpfpd; %j;j gps;isahfpa ,];kh<y; vd;gtiug;

gpd;gw;Wgtu;fNs ,];kh<ypa;ah vdg;gLfpd;wdu;. ,tu;fs; thf;fspf;fg;gl;l

k`;jp ,];kh<y; vd;Wk; mtu; kuzpf;ftpy;iy kPz;Lk; tUthu; vd;Wk;

ek;Gfpd;wdu;. Mdhy; je;ij capUld; ,Uf;Fk; NghNj ,];kh<y; kuzpj;J

tpl;lhu; vd;Nw ngUk;ghyhd \Pahf;fs; ek;Gfpd;wdu;. ,];kh<ypd; ,khkj;Jld;

njhlu;ghd tplaj;jpy; Vw;gl;l fUj;J NtWghl;bdhy; cUthfpa ,g;gpupdu;

fhyg;Nghf;fpy; ,d;Dk; gy gpupTfshfg;; gpupe;jdu;.

ghj;jpdpfs;ghj;jpdpfs;ghj;jpdpfs;ghj;jpdpfs;ghj;jpdpfs;

! ,];khapypa ,yl;rpag;gzpf;fhf jd;id mu;g;gzpj;Jf;nfhz;l> ,uT KOJk;

epd;W tzq;ff; $ba gfy; KOJk; Nehd;G Nehw;ff; $ba mdhNkja

kdpju; xUtu; $ghtpy; Nkw;nfhz;l gpurhuj;jpd; gadhf Njhw;wk; ngw;w

mikg;Ng ghjpdpfshtu;. ,tu;fs; tuyhw;wpy; Njhd;wpa kpfNkhrkhd

gpuptpduhtu;. ,tu;fs; kJit `yhyhf;fpf; nfhz;ldu;. njhOifia

,UNeukhf;fpdu;. jkJ nfhs;if rhuhj Vida K];ypk;fisf; nfhiy

nra;tij `yhyhf;fpf; nfhz;ldu;. ,tu;fs; kf;fhTf;Fr; nrd;W

gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd ahj;jpupfu;fisf; nfhiy nra;J `[Uy; m];tj;

fy;iy nakDf;F vLj;Jr; nrd;wdu;. ,tu;fs; ,];yhj;jpd; Gwmk;rq;fis

me;juq;fkhd Kiwapy; mu;j;jg;gLj;Jtjd; fhuzkhf ghjpdpfs;

vdg;gLfpd;wdu;. ,ilg;gl;l xU fhyj;jpy; fuhikj; vd;gtuhy;

topelhj;jg;gl;ljdhy; ,tu;fs; fuhkpjhf;fs; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLd;wdu;.

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ep]hupfs;ep]hupfs;ep]hupfs;ep]hupfs;ep]hupfs;

! ,];khapypa topapy; te;j vfpg;ij Ml;rp nra;j ghj;jpkPf;fspd; VohtJ

jiyKiw ,khkpd; kiwTf;Fg;gpd; K];jhypf;> ep]hu; vd;w mtuJ ,U

Gjy;tu;fSf;fpilNa Vw;gl;l mjpfhug; Nghl;bapd; tpisthf ghj;jpkPf;fs;

,U gpuptpduhfg; gpupe;jdu;. mtu;fSs; ep]hiu Mjupj;jtu;fs; ep]hupfs;

vdg;gLfpd;wdu;. Muk;gj;jpy; ,tu;fs; ,];khapypag; gpuptpd;ghy; kf;fis

mioj;jdu;. gpw;fhyj;jpy; ghurPfj;jpy; gpwe;j Mfhfhd; vd;w ep]hup gpupitr;

Nru;e;jtu; gk;gha;f;Fj; jg;gpr; nrd;W mq;F ghjpdpa rpe;jidAld; fye;j

xU ek;gpf;ifapidg; gpur;rhuk; nra;jhu;. ,jdhy; ,d;W ep]hupfs;

Mfhfhdpfs; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wdu;.

K];jhypfsK];jhypfsK];jhypfsK];jhypfsK];jhypfs;

! my;K];jhypiag; gpd;gw;wpNahu; K];jhypfs; vdg;gLfpd;wdu;. ghjpkpa Ml;rp

tPo;r;rpAWk; tiu vfpg;jpy; ,tu;fs; nry;thf;Fld; jpfo;e;jdu;. K];jypf;Ffspd;

rpe;jidia KOikahfj; jj;njLj;jtu;fNs ,d;W Nghuhf;fs; (Ei]upfs;)

vdg;gLfpd;wdu;.

J&];fs;J&];fs;J&];fs;J&];fs;J&];fs;

! ]pupahtpd; J&]; kiyg;gpuNjrj;jpy; tho;e;j ghjpkp nfhs;if topapy;

te;jtu;fNs J&];fshhtu;. gpd;du; e\;jhfpd; vd;gtuJ kjg;gpur;rhug;

gzp fhuzkhf ghj;jpdpg;gpuptpy; Nru;e;jdu;;. ,tu;fsJ gpujhd ek;gpf;if

MwhtJ ghj;jpkp fyPgh my;`f;fPk; gpy;yh`; kuzpf;ftpy;iy> mtu;

tpz;Zyfk; nrd;Ws;shu;> kPz;Lk; mtu; tUthu; vd;gjhFk;.

Kfd;dh`;Kfd;dh`;Kfd;dh`;Kfd;dh`;Kfd;dh`;

! Fuhrhidr; Nru;e;j kWgpwtpf; nfhs;ifapy; ek;gpf;if itj;j Kfd;dh

vd;gtiug; gpd;gw;Wk; \Pahf;Ns Kfd;dhg; gpuptpdu; vdg;gLfpd;wdu;.

Muk;gj;jpy; jd;id egpnad;W thjpl;l Kfd;dh gpd;du; jhd; nja;tj;jd;ik

nghUe;jpatu; vd;Wk; $wpf;nfhz;lhu;. ,tUk; ,tuJ rPlu;fSk; vjpupfshy;

Rw;wptisf;fg;gl;lNghJ jPapy; Fjpj;J jw;nfhiy nra;J nfhz;ldu;.

VidNahu; ,];khaPypaj;ij jOtp ghj;jpdp topiag; gpd;gw;wpdu;.

i]jpf;fs;i]jpf;fs;i]jpf;fs;i]jpf;fs;i]jpf;fs;

! `_i]d;(uop) mtu;fspd; kfd; myp mtu;fspd; ,uz;lhtJ Gjy;tu;

i]j;(u ;̀) mtu;fisg; gpd;gw;wpatu;fNs i]jpfs; vdg;gLfpd;wdu;. ,tu;fs;

m ;̀Y];]{d;dh ty;[khmj;jpdUf;F kpfTk; neUf;fkhd \PMg;gpuptpduhtu;.

,tu;fsplk; Vida \Pahf;fsplk; ,Ug;gJ Nghd;W mfPjhTf;F Kuzhd

ve;j ek;gpf;ifAk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,khk; i]j;(u ;̀) mtu;fsplk; fhzg;gl;l

xNu xU khw;Wf; fUj;J egpatu;fSf;Fg;gpd; fpyhgj;Jf;F kpfTk; jFjpngw;wtu;

myp (uop) mtu;fs; vd;gjhFk;. vd;whYk; ,khk; i]j; mtu;fs; xUNghJk;

Kjy; %d;W fyPghf;fs; gw;wp Fiw$wpajpy;iy.

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Ei]upfsEi]upfsEi]upfsEi]upfsEi]upfs;

! K`k;kj; gpd; Ei]u; vd;gtupdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l \PMg;gpuptpdNu Ei]upfs;

vdg;gLfpd;wdu;. ,tu;fs; mytpa;A+d;fs; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wdu;.

\Pahf;fspy; kpfTk;; Nkhrkhd gpuptpdu;fshfNt ,tu;fs; tuyuw;wpy;

milahsg; gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sdu;. myp (uop) mtu;fSf;F nja;tPf me;j];j;J

,Ug;gjhf thjpLk; ,tu;fs;> myp (uop) mtu;fisf; nfhiy nra;j ,g;D

Ky;[pikAk; Nerpf;fpd;wdu;. mj;Jld; ,];yhk; ̀ uhkhf;fpa gy tplaq;fis

jkf;F `yhyhf;fpf; nfhz;Ls;sdu;. ,tu;fs; gw;wp ,khk; ,g;D ijkpah

(u`;) gpd;tUkhW $Wfpwhu;fs;;. “ghjpdpg; gpupitr; Nru;e;j ,tu;fs;

A+ju;fisAk; fpwp];j;jtu;fisAk; tpl epuhfupg;gpy; $batu;fs;. K];ypk;fSf;F

vjpuhf Aj;jk; nra;j jhj;jhupfistplTk; ,tu;fs; Mgj;jhdtu;fs;.

jhj;jhupau;fs; ,tu;fsJ cjtpAlNdNa K];ypk; ehLfSf;Fs; Eioe;J

fyPghitAk; mjpfkhd K];ypk;fisAk; nfhiy nra;jdu;” ;

! Ei]upg; gpupitr; Nru;e;j \Pahf;fs; ,d;W rpupahtpYk; JUf;fpapYk;

tho;fpd;wdu;. rpupahtpy; ePz;l fhykhf Ml;rp nra;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;

m]hj; FLk;gj;jpdUk; Ei]upg;gpupitr; Nru;e;j \Pahf;fNs Mtu;.

\Pahf;fs; gw;wpa m/Y];]_d;dhf;fspd; Nehf;F\Pahf;fs; gw;wpa m/Y];]_d;dhf;fspd; Nehf;F\Pahf;fs; gw;wpa m/Y];]_d;dhf;fspd; Nehf;F\Pahf;fs; gw;wpa m/Y];]_d;dhf;fspd; Nehf;F\Pahf;fs; gw;wpa m/Y];]_d;dhf;fspd; Nehf;F

! m`;Y];]_d;dhitr; Nru;e;jtu;fs; \Pahf;fspd; cl;gpupTfSf;F Vw;g

mtu;fs; gw;wpa %d;W tifahd epiyg;ghl;ilf; nfhz;Ls;sdu;.

1. Neu;topapy; nry;Nthu;:Neu;topapy; nry;Nthu;:Neu;topapy; nry;Nthu;:Neu;topapy; nry;Nthu;:Neu;topapy; nry;Nthu;: mfPjh uPjpapy; my;yhky; NkNyhl;lkhd rpy

tplaq;fspy; khj;jpuk; fUj;J NtWghL nfhz;ltu;;fs;;.

2. topNflu;fs;:topNflu;fs;:topNflu;fs;:topNflu;fs;:topNflu;fs;: mfPjhtpy; rpy Gjpa tplaq;fis ,izj;Jf; nfhz;lhYk;

<khdpd; mbg;gilahd tplaq;fspy; my;Fu;MDf;Fk; ]_d;dhTf;Fk; mika

tpRthrk; nfhs;gtu;fs;.

3. fhgpu;fs;:fhgpu;fs;:fhgpu;fs;:fhgpu;fs;:fhgpu;fs;: <khdpd; mbg;gil mk;rq;fspy; my;Fu;MDf;Fk; ]_d;dhTf;Fk;

Kuzhf tpRthrk; nfhs;gtu;fs;.,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; murpay; uPjpahf

Njhw;wk; ngw;w kpfTk; goik tha;e;j gpupTfspy; \Pahf;fs; kpfTk;

Kf;fpakhdtu;fs;. ~~\PaJ myp|| mypapd; fl;rp vd;w nrhy;ypypUe;Nj

\Pahf;fs; vd;w nrhy; Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ.

,];yhkpa ehfupfk; - nie.lk

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