طرق التحليل الطيفي نظري
TRANSCRIPT
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א
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K
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- ٤٣ -
(6KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKbcF εφ oI 303.2= אאאא،
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אcFאcA،א
אFcאאאK ٢KאW
אאאאאאאאא،אאאאאאא
אאאאK ٣KאאW
אאאאאאאאאK
אemλאexλ אא،אא،א
אאאא anthracene آماאF٢٧ .(
א ٢٥٠ אא אאא אאא
- ٤٤ -
300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480nm F٢٧Eאאאא
א،אא،אאא،אא
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אאאW ١KאFאEאאאK
אאאoIIאאאאאKאאאK
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אאW ١. אאאאאאKא
אאא20%1 ±K
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- ٤٥ -
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אאW ١. אאא،אאא
W
א אexλemλK
٢. אאK אא+2
2UO3+אCeאאאK
א،אאא٨ JK
א ٢٥٠ אא אאא אאא
- ٤٦ -
אאWאאאאא Infra – red Spectroscopy
אW EאאFאאאאא
אאאאאאאאאK
אאאאאW E אאאK
E אאאאK
אאאאאאW E אא
E אאאאאאאK
אאאאאאאאאאFאאE
אאאאאאאFEאאאא
mass spectroscopyאאאאאN.M.RK
אאאאλאאאאK
אאאאאאאא،א1א−cmKאאאאאאאK
אאאW אאאא١٤٢٠F(cm-1
א)٥KE
F٥Eאאא
א ٢٥٠ אא אאא אאא
- ٤٧ -
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H
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٦٥٠ ٦٥٠ – ٢٠ J٤٠٠٠ ٤٠٠٠–١٤٠٠٠
אאm µ
٢.٥–١٥ ١٥– ٥٠٠ ٢.٥ –٠.٧٣
אאF٦٥٠ J٤٠٠٠EאאאאאאאאK
אאאאW אאאאW
Eאאאאstretching vibrationsW אאאאאאאאF٢٨E
W JאאאאK
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-1cm 2926≈ F٢٨Eאאאאאא
EאאאאW
H
H
א ٢٥٠ אא אאא אאא
- ٤٨ -
אאאאאאאF٢٩EW JאאאאW
in plane-1cm 1450 ≈ Jאאאא:
in plane -1cm 750≈
JאאאאW JאאאאאW
1250≈1250≈ Out of plane
F٢٩Eאאאאא
• אאאאK
אאאW HClאK
H
H
H H H H
H H
א ٢٥٠ אא אאא אאא
- ٤٩ -
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אW ١. אאאאאK ٢. אאאאK
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H Cl
H Cl
א ٢٥٠ אא אאא אאא
- ٥٠ -
אאאאאW אF٦EאאאאאאאאאאK
F٦E 4000 (cm-1) 2500 2000 1800 1650 1550 650
C = N C – Cl
C – O
C - N C = C C - C
N = O N = O
C = O
אא
C ≡ C
N ≡ C
X = C = Y(C, O, N. S)
O - H C - H
N - H
1500א J700אprint finger א
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אאאאאאאK
א ٢٥٠ אא אאא אאא
- ٥١ -
F٧Eאאא אאنوع الرابطة
cm-1 C – H ألكانات
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ألكاينات
الدهيد
٢٨٥٠ – ٣٠٠٠ ٣٠٠٠ – ٣١٠٠ ٣٠٥٠ – ٣١٥٠
٣٣٠٠ ٢٨٠٠ – ٢٩٠٠ ٢٧٠٠ - ٢٨٠٠
C = C ألكينات
يةمركبات أرومات
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تونكي احماض كربوكسيلية
استر أميد
انهيدريد كلوريد الحمض
١٧٢٠ – ١٧٤٠ ١٧٠٥ – ١٧٢٥ ١٧٠٠ – ١٧٢٥ ١٧٣٠ – ١٧٥٠ ١٦٤٠ – ١٦٧٠ ١٦٧٠و ١٨١٠
١٨٠٠ C - O كحوالت ، ايثرات
،אאאא
١٠٠٠ - ١٣٠٠
H _O كحوالت ـ فنيوالت حرة يةمرتبط برابطة هيدروجين
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N ≡ C ٢٢٤٠ – ٢٢٦٠ نتريالت N = O نايترو
x C - =فلوريد كلوريد=
بروميد ويوديد=
١٣٥٠ - ١٥٥٠ ١٠٠٠ – ١٤٠٠ ٦٠٠ – ٨٠٠
٦٦٧أقل من
א ٢٥٠ אא אאא אאא
- ٥٢ -
٣٠א ٣١٣٢אאאאאאאאאK
100
90
80 70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 3500 3400 3200 3000 2800 2600 2400 2200 2000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 800 700 600 500
Wavenumber (cm-1) F٣٠Eא
100
90
80 70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 3500 3400 3200 3000 2800 2600 2400 2200 2000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 800 700 600 500
Wavenumber (cm-1) F ٣١Eא
א ٢٥٠ אא אאא אאא
- ٥٣ -
100
90
80 70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 3500 3400 3200 3000 2800 2600 2400 2200 2000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 800 700 600 500
Wavenumber (cm-1 F٣٢Eאא
אאאW אאאF٣٣EK
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٩K אאאאאאאאK ١٠K אאאHClאN2H2K
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mic
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9
ــةــيـائـيـيمـالك
ر صنــاــع للريدوالــ
ل دوجــال
VIII
Lanthan
ides
*
------
------
------
------
------
---Tr
ansi
tion
met
als
------
------
------
------
------
--
THE
MO
DER
N P
ERIO
DIC
TA
BLE
OF
ELEM
ENTS
Met
als
Sem
imet
als
Non
-met
als
Alkaline Earth Metals
Alkaliine Metals (Except H
Halogens
Noble Gases
5859
6061
6263
6465
6667
6869
7071
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97
Lanthan
ides
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* **
Alkaline Earth Metals
Alkaliine Metals (Except H
9091
9293
9495
9697
9899
100
101
102
103
ThPa
UN
pPu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
EsFm
Md
No
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231.
0423
8.03
237.
0524
4.06
243.
0624
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247.
0724
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1025
9.10
260.
11
Non
-met
als
ت :لزاال ف ا
- M
etal
loid
s or
sem
imet
als :
ت لزاالف
ه شب ال
- M
etal
s :ت لزاالف
Actinides
**
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ogen
s :ت يناوجهال ال
- N
oble
gas
es : ملةخااال
ت ازاالغ
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rans
ition
met
als :
ة الينتقاإل
ت لزاالف
- A
lkal
ine
eart
h m
etal
s :ة ضيألرة اويلقلت الزاالف
-
Alk
alin
e m
etal
s :ة ويلقلت الزاالف
Alkaline Earth Metals
Alkaliine Metals (Except H
א ٢٥٠ אא אאא
אא 1) Gary D. Chritian, Analytical Chemistry, fifth edition, John Willy & sons, Inc, 1986.
2) G.W. Ewing, Instrumental methods of Chemical Analysis, Fourth edition, McGraw-
Hill, New York, 1975.
3) A.I. Vogel, Textbook of Quantitative chemical Analysis, fifth edition, Longman, London 1975.
4) J.S. Fritz & G.H. Schenk, Quantitative Chemistry, Fourth edition, Allyn Bacon,
Boston, 1979.
5) D.A. Skoog & D.M. West, Principles of Instrumental Methods of Analysis, sixth edition, Holf Rinehart & Wiston, New York, 1991.
6) PAVIA & LAMPMAN, Introduction to spectroscopy, Saunders College Publishing.
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