الدليل الإسترشادي لإدارة حافرة الطماطم
TRANSCRIPT
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Tuta absoluta2 1 5
I4831Ar/1/07.15
ISBN 978-92-5-608836-9
9 7 8 9 2 5 6 0 8 8 3 6 9
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ISBN 978-92-5-608836-9
FAO, 2015
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[email protected] : www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request :
: www.fao.org/publications [email protected] :
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Tuta absoluta
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Tuta absoluta
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Lepidoptera )Povolny( Tuta absoluta
. Gelechiida 1964 2006
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. Solanaceae .
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50 - 100 % /
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Tuta absoluta
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vii
11 .
1.11
2.12
3.14
4.14
5.17
6.112
7.117
8.117
9.118
10.122
11.123
226.
1.226
2.231
3.234
334.
1.334
2.334
3.335
4.336
1.4.336
1.1.4.336
2.1.4.337
3.1.4.338
4.1.4.340
5.1.4.340
6.1.4.341
5.341
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v
Tuta absoluta
1.5.341
2.5.342
3.5.342
443.
1.445
2.445
3.445
4.445
546.
1.547
2.552
1.2.555
3.555
1.3.556
2.3.556
3.3.557 -
4.3.558 - -
5.3.559
6.3.561
7.3.561
4.562
1.4.563
2.4.564
3.4.565
4.4.567
5.568
6.569
673.
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:
. 1 - /
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Tuta absoluta
APHIS Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service EPA Environmental Protection AgencyEPPO European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations IPPC International Plant Protection ConventionISPM International Standard for Phytosanitary MeasuresPFA Pest free areaTYLCV Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus USDA United States Department of Agriculture WTO World Trade Organization
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1 .
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1.1
) ( )( .
:AnimaliaKingdom:
:ArthropodaPhylum : : :InsectaClass:LepidopteraOrder : :GelechiidaeFamily:
: :GelechiinaeSubfamily
:TutaGenus ::absolutaSpecies:
(Tuta absoluta (Povolny 1994
:
Tomato borer Tomato leaf miner
Tomato leaf miner moth South American tomato pinworm
South American tomato moth .
:
: )( English: Tomato borer
French: La mineuse de la tomate
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2
Tuta absoluta
2009
( )
)Tomato borer( 2011
.)Liriomyza(
:
Phthorimaea absolutaMeyrick1917
Gnorimoschema absolutaClarke1962Scrobipalpula absolutaPovolny1964
Scrobipalpuloides absolutaPovolny1987Tuta absolutaPovolny1994
2.1
:
1993- 1994 - 1990 - :
2004 - 2004 - 2004 - 2006 - 2011 - 1994- 2011 2014.
2009 - 2006 - 2009 - 2009 - 2009 - :
2009 - 2009 - 2009 - 2010 - 2010 - 2009 - 2010 - ) ( 2010 - 2011 2010 - 2010 -
2013.
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3
)Tuta absoluta Information Network, November 2015(
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4
Tuta absoluta
2008 - 2008 - 2009 - 2009 - 2009 :
- - - 2009 - 2011 - 2013 2014
2009 - 2009 - 2009 - :
2010 - 2011 - 2010 - 2010 - 2010 2009 - 2009 - 2012 - 2012 2015. 2012
)EPPO PQR( Tuta absoluta Information Network
3.1
. .
4.1
.
. . )(
.
.
Tuta absoluta
Solanum lycopersicum Solanum melongena Solanum tuberosum Capsicum annuum Nicotiana tabacum Nicotiana glauca
Phaseolus vulgaris Datura stramoniumDatura quercifolia
Datura ferox
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5
Solanum americanumSolanum nigrum
Solanum pseudo capsicumSolanum bonariense
Solanum sisymbriifolium Solanum elaeagnifolium ) )
Solanum hirtum
Lycopersicum puberulumPhysalis angulata
Solanum americanum
Solanum nigrum
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6
Tuta absoluta
( )
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7
5.1
5 - 7 8 - 10 .
)M.vd.Straten NPPO-NL - All rights reserved(
.
.
)Varga Andras(
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8
Tuta absoluta
.
.
( Vargas, 1970)
()
8,0010,10 - 11,60 8,0010,73 - 12,40
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9
Tuta absoluta )Varga Andras(
.
. 0,383 0,211
)Vargas, 1970( .
)Varga Andras(
-
10
Tuta absoluta
21 % 73 % 5 % 1 %
4 .
( Vargas, 1970 )
() ()
0,150,153 - 1,401,610,18 - 1,900,240,253 - 2,452,800,28 - 3,10
0,350,399 - 3,854,690,43 - 5,650,700,834 - 5,507,720,98 - 9,20
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11
)M.vd.Straten NPPO-NL - All rights reserved( )Varga Andras(
)ppathpiva.wifeo.com(
4.3 1.1 .
.
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12
Tuta absoluta
)Varga Andras(
6.1
12
)EPPO,2005( . )
25 28,7 (. . )Vargas, 1970(
7 8
:
.
1 1.33 ): (.
23,24 26,47
6 - 7 10 - 15 .
)Varga Andras(
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, 260
60 120
7 11 . .
%90.
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2 4 ) (. .
4 - 6 .
)Varga Andras( )M.vd.Straten NPPO-NL - All rights reserved(
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Tuta absoluta
:
4
10 - 30
. .
)Varga Andras(
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10 - 15
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15
)Tuta absoluta information network(
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Tuta absoluta
)FAO-TCP-RAB-3402(
:
6 - 10
.
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17
7.1
8,14 . 14 76,3 23,8 39,8 19,7 27,1 . 61,9 % 14 60,7 % 19.7
)Barrientos et al., 1998(. 44,3 % 27,1
8.1
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18
Tuta absoluta
( )
. 5
20 72,3 %
90 % .
.
.
.
.
.
. .
9.1
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)mesophyll(
)epidermis(
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19
. )(
.
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)FAO-TCP-RAB-3402( )Varga Andras(
)Tuta absoluta information network(
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20
Tuta absoluta
.
)Tuta absoluta information network(
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21
.
.
M.vd.Straten NPPO-NL - All rights reserved
)Ensaf Mohamed(
)Tuta absoluta information network(
)Ensaf Mohamed(
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22
Tuta absoluta
10.1
100 %
.
. .
:
- 0 4 - 40 160
- 160
100 X ---------------------- = )%(
100 5
:
100 X ---------------------- = )%(
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23
)FAO-TCP-RAB-3402(
11.1
Helicoverpa armigera Liriomyza spp. )Diptera( .Phthorimaea operculella )Lepidoptera( )Lepidoptera(
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24
Tuta absoluta
Tuta absoluta
Liriomyza spp.
5 -7
1,8
7,7
2,5
Liriomyza
.
-
25
Helicoverpa armigera
Phthorimaea operculella
10 - 12 30 - 40
10 12
,
1
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26
Tuta absoluta
.
.
.
)Tuta absoluta-APHIS-USDA First edition issued 2011(
2.
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1.2
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27
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28
Tuta absoluta
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29
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30
Tuta absoluta
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)Ibrahim AL-Jboory(
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2.2
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32
Tuta absoluta
.
.
.
.
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/
.
Nicotiana tabacum
.
-
33
.
.
.
Capsicum spp.
Datura spp.
Nicotiana spp
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34
Tuta absoluta
Solanum spp
3.2
/ .
.
3.
1.3
:
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.
.
2.3
.
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35
3.3
: Detection Survey
. .
.
,
.
: Trace Back Survey
.
.
: Delimiting Survey
. .
.
: Monitoring Survey
.
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36
Tuta absoluta
4.3
.
1.4.3
( )
.
1.1.4.3
Delta
. .
. .
:
) (Delta Trap
) (Water Trap
-
37
Funnel trap Pheronom trap Mcphail trap
2.1.4.3
Attygalle et 1995
T. absoluta al,
2 1)Pheromone database web site(
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0.5 0.8 1.5 3
.
)Russell IPM(
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38
Tuta absoluta
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-
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Tuta absoluta
4.1.4.3
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5.1.4.3
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41
.
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6.1.4.3
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5.3
1.5.3
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42
Tuta absoluta
70 %
+ 5 % .
.
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.
2.5.3
:
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: - .
3.5.3
C
:
-
43
)Tuta absoluta-APHIS-USDA(
4.
:
)ISPMs (
.
EPPO 2004 T. absoluta
2009 ) EPPO, A1 action list (.
. ) A2 list (
.
-
44
Tuta absoluta
.
.
.
:
/
.
.
)PFA( .
.
.
1.6 ) ( .
.
.
24
.
.
-
45
1.4
.
.
.
(Pest free production sites) 2.4
.
.
.
(Phytosanitary certificates) 3.4
.
.
.
.
Plant refused shipments 4.4
)Pest Free Area )PFA.
.
-
46
Tuta absoluta
5.
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.
. . ) (
( )
.
:
. 1 - .
.. 2
.. 3
.
/ 10
5 % ) /
- ( )Fredon, 2009(.
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-
47
1.5
: (
) .
.
4 - 6
.
.
.
)TYLCV(
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. .
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/
.
( )
2 - 3 /. .
)(
.
-
48
Tuta absoluta
.
.
.
.
.
.
Pumpkin crop ) Bottle Gourd ( Lagenaria siceraria ...( )
.Nesidiocoris tenuis
-
49
-
50
Tuta absoluta
-
51
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52
Tuta absoluta
2.5
.
:
Indoxacarb
)EPA, 2000(
.
Neonicotinoid Insecticides
imidacloprid thiacloprid thiamethoxan .)Yu, 2008(
chlorpyrifos
deltamethrin methamidophos .
-
53
Chlorfenapyr
.
Chlorantraniliprole
.
Flubendiamide
.
: Indoxacarb - Diafenthiuron Triflumuron
.)FERA, 2009(
:
Spinosad
Saccharopolyspora spinosa Spinetoram
.
Abamectin
Streptomyces avermitilis Salvo and Valladares,(
2007(.
.
Azadirachtin
)Azadirachta indica A. Juss( Servicio de Sanidad(
Vegetal-Murcia, 2008( .
-
54
Tuta absoluta
2009 2010
.
2012
)Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin )2012( 42 )2(, 291296(
:
SpinsosadTracer240 SCml / h 60
Azadirachtin 0.03Nimextractsml / h 250TutafortPlant extractsml / h 150
ChlorfenapyrChallenger SCml / h 50
) (
. 1
Bacillusthuringiensis 500/WG%50
Emamectinbenzoate 3003/EC 1.9%
Bacillusthuringiensis 400/WP 9.4%
Emamectinbenzoate 120/SG % 5
400/32000WP 9.4% Bacillus
thuringiensis
DF DF 6.4% 400/ Bacillus thuringiensis Spinetoram 100/SC 12%
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55
. 2
Indoxacarb 25/100EC 15%
WG 40% 80/ Chlorantraniliprole20%+ thlamethoxam20%chlorantraniliprole 60/SC 20%
3 .IGR
Hexaflumuron 200/EC % 10
Novaluron 40/100EC % 10
Spinetoram )Radiant(,( 2013
)Pyridalyl )Spinosad )Tracer( and Emamectin )Emamectin benzoate
))Pleo(, Indoxcarb, Coragen )Chlorantraniliprole( and Chlorfenapyr )Challenger(
.
1.2.5
. .
)Lietti et al., 2005(
)Siqueira et al., 2000a, 2000b( )IRAC,2009c (.
.
3.5
.
-
56
Tuta absoluta
1.3.5
.
.
1 2
1- 2 . . .
/
/ / 3 5 - 25 %
-2530
/ 3 - 30 25 - 50 %
-25/ 30
/ 30
50 %
-25/ 40
)FREDON-Corse, 2009b(
Mass - ) 2.3.5
(Trapping
.
.
20 - 25 40 - 50 3 Long lasting
. 100
-
57
.
.
.
.
Water-Pan Trap 3.3.5 -
6 - 8 . 1 % .
20 - 40 .
:
)1()2(
-
58
Tuta absoluta
)3()4(
)5(
)Russell IPM(
(Ferolite)4.3.5 - -
)
(
.
. )Russell IPM( % 300 - 200
15 - 30 500 1000 .
-
59
)Russell IPM(
5.3.5
.
-
60
Tuta absoluta
:
Tuta Roll .
Optiroll
.
,
Tuta RollOptiroll
-
61
)Russell IPM(
(Mating Disruption) 6.3.5
2000
. 60 - 90 %
35 - 50 100 .
.
60 2012
57 - 85 %
93 - 97 % A. Cocco, S. Deliperi( . 62 - 89 %
)& G. Delrio, 2012
(Lure Attract & Kill) 7.3.5
. 1.6 - 2
.
.
-
62
Tuta absoluta
.
4 - 6 .
)Russell IPM(
(Biological Control) 4.5
.
:
-
63
Trichogramma achaeae Nagaraja & Nagarkatti, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja,T. fasciatum (Perkins), T. pretiosum Riley, T. rojasi Nagaraja & Nagarkatti, T. nerudai Pintureau & Gerding
(Parasierola nigrifemur (Ashmead Agathis sp., Apanteles gelechiidivoris Marsh, Apanteles sp., Bracon lucileae Marsh, Bracon sp., Pseudapanteles dignus (Muesenback), Earinus sp.,Origilus sp. Dineulophus phtorimaeae De Santis, Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), Cirrospilus sp., Horismenus sp.Temelucha sp., Diadegma sp.
.Chelones sp., Copidosoma sp Campoplex haywardi Blanchard
.Conura sp Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur, Nesidiocoris tenuis
Reuter, Tupiocoris cucurbitaceus Spinola , Nabis pseudoferus ibericus Remane , Podisus nigrispininus (Dallas)
Bacillus thuringiensisBeauveria bassiana Metarhizium anisopliae
.
Egg Parasitoids 1.4.5
Tricogramma spp
1,16 1,17
.
.
.
-
64
Tuta absoluta
)Cabello et al., 2009a (
100 % 91 % 30 )75/ ( 3 -
4 .
)www.binker.eu(
)FAO UTF-SAU-038(
Larval Parasitoids 2.4.5
. Pseudapanteles dingus
. 46 %
Bioplanet
Necremnus artynes
Diadegma ledicola
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65
Predators 3.4.5
Nesidiocoris tenuis
Macrolophus pygmaeus
BioplanetNabis pseudoferus ibericus )Nabidae(
92 - 96 % 8 - 12
Dicyphus maroccanus )Miridae(
-
66
Tuta absoluta
Amblyseius swirskii
Amblyseius cucumeris
Natural enemies reported in the Mediterranean Basin
Molla et al. (2008), Gabarra and Arno (2010) L2L3
Necremnus artynes (Walker) Eulophidae Hymenoptera
Gabarra and Arno (2010) L2L3 Hemiptarsenus zilahisebessi Erdos
Gabarra and Arno (2010), Molla et al. (2010) - Braconidae sp. Braconidae
Cabello et al. (2009b) EggsTrichogramma
achaeae Nagaraja& Nagarkatti
Trichogrammatidae
Gabarra and Arno (2010),Molla et al. (2010) Eggs Trichogramma sp.
Arno et al. (2009), Molla
et al. (2009),Urbaneja et al. (2009)
Eggs and young larvae
Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter
Miridae Hemiptera
Arno et al. (2009), Molla et al. (2009),
Urbaneja et al. (2009)
Eggs and young larvae
Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur)
Molla et al. (2010) Eggs and young larvae
Dicyphys marrocannus Wagner
Cabello et al. (2009a) Larvae Nabis (Nabis) pseudoferus ibericus
Remane
Nabidae
Molla et al. (2008) Larvae Undeterminated species
Vespidae Hymenoptera
Molla et al. (2010) Eggs (on aubergine)
Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot
Phytoseiidae Acari
Molla et al. (2010) Eggs (on aubergine)
Amblyseius cucumeris (Oudemans)
)Desneux, et al. 2010: J Pest Sci )2010( 83:197215(
-
67
2015
)Steinernema monticolum
)and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora )HP88(. Heterorhabditis -
Steinernema
. 80 87 % 60 80 %
)Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control , 24)2(, 503 513(
2013
Bacillus thuringiensis var.(
)kurstaki - Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae
Beauveria
bassiana
. )Nature and Science 2013;11)7((
:
.
. /
.
.
Microorganisms 4.4.5
Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki 8 9 )
(. 4-3 .
-
68
Tuta absoluta
.
97 %.
: Metarhizium anisopliae 37 %
68 % Beauveria bassiana
.
Beauveria bassiana
:
.
:
.
5.5
:
- - :
.
(Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin (2012) 42 (2), 297304)
.
-
69
12
Nesidiocoris tenuis
.
20 %
. 46 %
18 %
98 %
.
(Robredo-Junco and Cardeoso-Herrero, 2008 :
.
.
8 - 10 .
.
.
(Instituto Nacional de Tecnologa Agropecuaria)
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
:-6.5
) ( .
.
-
70
Tuta absoluta
.
.
) 1.6 (.
. ) (
.TYLCV
)( / 2 3
.
1 2 /
.
:
:
.. 1
.. 2
.. 3
.
.
) ( 20 40 15
. . Ferolite trap 45
/ 500 .
-
71
) (
8 10 .
Nesidocoris tenuis / 4 - 7
.
) Lagenaria siceraria Pumpkin crop ) Bottle Gourd .N. tenuis
5 % 10 /
) (
:
Azadirachtin, Spinosad , Indoxacarb , Bacillus B.th ( thuringiensis (
. ( ,
.
N . Tenuis 4 / 7 / .
( )
.
.
.
.
)
(.
2 3 .
-
72
Tuta absoluta
B.th N. tenuis
,
97 %
FFS
.
)TCP/RAB/3402(
) (
-
73
6.
A. Cocco, S. Deliperi & G. Delrio, 2012. Control of Tuta absoluta )Meyrick( )Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae( in greenhouse tomato crops using the mating disruption tech- niqueControl of Tuta absoluta )Meyrick( )Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae( in greenhouse tomato crops using the mating disruption technique. J. Appl. Entomol. 137 )2013( 1628 2012
APHIS. 2011/6. New Pest Response Guidelines, Tomato Leafminer )Tuta absoluta(. United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. https://epermits.aphis.usda.gov
Arb Society For Plant Protection , 2009.
Attygalle, A. B., G. N. Jham, A. Svatos, R. T. S. Frighetto, and J. Meinwald. 1995. Microscale, random reduction to the characterization of )3E,8Z,11Z(-3,8,11-tetradecatrienyl acetate, a new lepidopteran sex pheromone. Tetrahedron Lett. 36:5471-5474.
Barrientos, R., J. Apablaza, A. Norero, and P. Estay. 1998. Temperatura base y constante termica de desarrollo de la polilla del tomate, Tuta absoluta )Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae(. Ciencia e Investigacion Agraria 25)3(:133-137.
Becker, V. O. 1984. Gelechiidae. In: Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 1 Micropterigoidea-Immoidea. W. Junk. 112 pp.
Benvenga, S. R., O. Fernandes, and S. Gravena. 2007. Tomada de deciso de controle da traa-do-tomateiro atravs de armadilhas com feromnio sexual. Horticultura Brasileira 25)2(:164-169.
Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin )2012( 42 )2(, 241248.
Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin )2012( 42 )2( , 291296
Cabello, T., J. R. Gallego, E. Vila, A. Soler, M. del Pino, A. Carnero, E. Hernndez-Surez, and A. Polaszek. 2009a. Biological control of the South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta )Lep.: Gelechiidae(, with releases of Trichogramma achaeae )Hym.: Trichogrammatidae( in tomato greenhouses of Spain. Meeting of the IOBC/WPRS Working Group-Integrated Control in Protected Crops, Mediterranean Climate. Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania )MAICh(, Crete, Greece.
Chemtica Internacional Valencia Industrial Park Zeta Sto. Domingo, Heredia, Costa Rica, ww.chemtica.com
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74
Tuta absoluta
Clarke, J. F. G. 1965. Microlepidoptera of Juan Fernandez Islands. Proc. U.S. Natn. Mus. 117:1-105.
Desneux N., E. Wajnberg, K.A.G. Wyckhuys G. Burgio, S. Arpaia, C.A. Narvaez-Vasquez, J. Gonzalez-Cabrera, D. Catalan Ruescas, E. Tabone, J. Frandon, J. Pizzol, C. Poncet, T. Cabello and Urbaneja, A. 2010. Biological invasion of European tomato crops by Tuta absoluta: ecology, geographic expansion and prospects for biological control. J. Pest Science )2010( 83:197215.
DowAgrosciences. 2006. Spinetoram Technical Bulletin.12. Accessed November 11, 2009.http://www.dowagro.com/PublishedLiterature/dh_0072/0901b8038007298a.pdf?filepath=usag/pdfs/noreg/010-80088.pdf&fromPage=GetDoc
EPA. 2000. Pesticide Fact Sheet: Name of Chemical: Indoxacarb. Issued
October 30, 2000. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
EPPO. 2008a. First report of Tuta absoluta in Spain )2008/001(. EPPO Reporting Services 1)001(. Accessed January 1, 2009. http://www.eppo.org/ PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm
EPPO. 2008b. First record of Tuta absoluta in Algeria )2008/135(. EPPO Reporting Services 7)135(. Accessed January 15, 2010. http://www.eppo.org/ PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm
EPPO. 2008c. First record of Tuta absoluta in Morocco )2008/174(. EPPO Reporting Services 9)174(. Accessed January 15, 2010. http://www.eppo.org/ PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm
EPPO. 2009a. First report of Tuta absoluta in France )2009/003(. EPPO Reporting Services 1)003(. Accessed January 15, 2010. http://www.eppo.org/ PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm
EPPO. 2009b. First record of Tuta absoluta in Italy )2009/023(. EPPO Reporting Services 2)023(. Accessed January 15, 2010. http://www.eppo.org/ PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm
EPPO. 2009c. Tuta absoluta caught in a tomato packing station in the
Netherlands )2009/024(. EPPO Reporting Services 2)024(. Accessed January, 15, 2010. http://www.eppo.org/PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm
EPPO. 2009d. First report of Tuta absoluta in Tunisia )2009/042(. EPPO Reporting Services 3)042(. Accessed January 15, 2010. http://www.eppo.org/ PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm
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EPPO. 2009e. Tuta absoluta detected again in the Netherlands )2009/105(. EPPO Reporting Services 6)105(. Accessed January 15, 2010.http://www.eppo.org/PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm
EPPO. 2009f. Tuta absoluta reported for the first time from Lazio region, Italy )2009/106(. EPPO Reporting Services 6)106(. Accessed January15,2010.http://www.eppo.org/PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm
EPPO. 2009g. First report of Tuta absoluta from the United Kingdom )2009/152(. EPPO Reporting Services 8)152(. Accessed January 15, 2010.http://www.eppo.org/PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm
EPPO. 2009h. Tuta absoluta reported from Abruzzo, Liguria and Umbria regions, Italy )2009/153(. EPPO Reporting Services 8)153(. Accessed,January15,2010.http://www.eppo.org/PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm
EPPO. 2009j. New additions to the EPPO Lists )2009/169(. EPPO Reporting Services )169(. Accessed November 3, 2010. http://www.eppo.org/ PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm
EPPO. 2009k. First report of Tuta absoluta in Albania )2009/170(. EPPO Reporting Services 9)170(. Accessed November 3, 2010. http://www.eppo.org/ PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm
EPPO. 2009m. Tuta absoluta found in Puglia and Veneto regions, Italy )2009/172(. EPPO Reporting Services 9)171(. Accessed November 3, 2009.http://www.eppo.org/PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm
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EPPO. 2009o. First report of Tuta absoluta in Switzerland )2009/189(. EPPO Reporting Services 10)189(. Accessed February 22, 2010. http:// www.eppo.org/PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm
EPPO. 2009p. Tuta absoluta occurs in Islas Canarias, Spain )2009/212(. EPPO Reporting Services 11)212(. Accessed December 17, 2009. http:// www.eppo.org/PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm
EPPO. 2009q. Tuta absoluta found in Basilicata, Lombardia and Molise regions, Italy )2009/213(. EPPO Reporting Services 11)213(. Accessed December 17, 2009. http://www.eppo.org/PUBLICATIONS/reporting/ reporting_service.htm
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EPPO. 2009r. New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List )2009/214(. EPPO Reporting Services 11)214(. Accessed December 17,2009.http://www.eppo.org/PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm
EPPO. 2010a. First report of Tuta absoluta in Bulgaria )2010/002(. EPPO Reporting Services 1)002(. Accessed February 22, 2010. http://www.eppo.org/ PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm
EPPO. 2010b. First report of Tuta absoluta in Cyprus )2010/003(. EPPO Reporting Services 1)003(. Accessed February 22, 2010. http://www.eppo.org/ PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm
EPPO. 2010c. First report of Tuta absoluta in Germany )2010/004(. EPPO Reporting Services 1)004(. Accessed February 22, 2010. http://www.eppo.org/ PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm
EPPO. 2010d. Tuta absoluta found in Piemonte region, Italy )2010/005(. EPPO Reporting Services 1)005(. Accessed February 22, 2010.http://www.eppo.org/PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm
EPPO. 2010e. First record of Tuta absoluta in Israel )2010/026(. EPPO Reporting Services 2)026(. Accessed March 23, 2010. http://www.eppo.org/ PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm
EPPO. 2010f. First report of Tuta absoluta in Hungary )2010/052(. EPPO Reporting Services 3)52(. Accessed January 27, 2011. http://www.eppo.org/ PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm
EPPO. 2010g. First report of Tuta absoluta in Kosovo )YU( )2010/114(. EPPO Reporting Services 6)114(. Accessed January 27, 2011. http://www.eppo.org/ PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm
EPPO. 2010h. First record of Tuta absoluta in Guernsey )2010/138(. EPPO Reporting Services 8)138(. Accessed January 27, 2011. http://www.eppo.org/ PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm
EPPO. 2010i. First record of Tuta absoluta in Turkey )2010/208(. EPPO Reporting Services 11)208(. Accessed January 27, 2011. http://www.eppo.org/ PUBLICATIONS/reporting/reporting_service.htm
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