- : Chlorine dioxide

- : ClO2

- : 67.5

- (at 760 mm/Hg): 11 (51.8 )

- : 1.64 at 0 (32 ) ()

- (air=1): 2.4

- : -59 (-74.2 )

- : 760 mm Hg (at 20 (68 ))

- :

-

- ,

- // /

- ,

- 1811 Humphrey Dary

- 1939 Matieson Chemical Corp, Sodium Chlorate(, NaClO3)

- 1944 ()

- ,

-(UN WHO): A-1

- (EPA) 21164-3: " ", ,

- (FDA) CAS Reg. No 10049-04-4: " , ", ,

- 1999-173: ' ' (1ppm )

- 2003-35:

- 2007-145: ", "

-UN JECFA( ): ADI( ) A

- (USDA, FSIS): ,

- (NASA):

- (HACCP):

, (THMs) .

) (trihalomethane) : , , .

( )

, ., .

-. , ( A1 )

- , , ( FDA, )

- , , , ,

- , ,

- (, ) ,

- , , ( )

: ClO

Before- ( )

After- ( , )

: ClO

.

, , .

, pH 10~20

. , ,

.

,

,

, .

, /

,

( ) .

, 2.6 .

, pH6.0~pH10.0 .

( )

10 ppm 3 log 99.9% 2.4

10 ppm 3 log 99.9% 5

10 ppm 4 log 99.9% 4.8

10 ppm 4 log 99.9% 15

(SARS), HB .

ClO

() (ppm) (%)

41 0.25 99

150 0.25 99.9

-(0-157) 150 0.25 99.9

150 1 99.9

150 2 99.9

300 0.01 99.9

300 0.12 99.9

300 0.01 99.9

300 0.03 99.9

300 1.00 99.9

* : Journal Of Food Protection.Vol.43.June.1980

(HOCI)

(HOBr)

(CIO)

(O)

(PERFORMANCE)

pH(High pH) C B A A

(Kinetics) B B A A

(Selectivity) C B A D

(Biofilm) B B A C

( S y s t e m Contamination)

C C A D

(Bacterial Recovery)

B B A C

(ENVIRONMENTAL)

(THM) C C B A

(TOX) C C B A

(TOXICITY)

(pr imary oxidant)

B A A C

( o x i d a n t by-products)

B B C A

(oxidant reaction products)

B C A D

(SAFETY)

B B C B

B B C B

(ECONOMICS)

(Clean System)

A B B C

( C o n t a m i n a t e d System)

C C A C

(Cumula t i ve GPA)

2.6 2.8 3.3 2.7

* : ClO / 100% * : Unichem International Inc (www.clo2.com)

Sulfides Ammonia

Reduced Sulfur Compounds

Aldehydes

Nitrogen Compounds Amines and mercaptans

,

Cyanides THM precursors

Phenels VOCs

Manganese

* : VULCAN Technical Data Sheet

-2 NH+ 2ClO+ HO NHClO2 ()+ NHClO()8 NH+ 8 HCl NHCl ()4 NH+ HSO (NH)SO()

-CHSH + ClO CHSOHHCHSOH + NH CHSONH

-5 HS + 8 ClO + 4 HO 5 HSO+ 8HClNH+ 5 HSO (NH)SO8 NH+ 8 HCl NHCl

-(CH)S + ClO (CH)SO (Dimethylsulfoxide ,)

-(CH)S+ ClO (2 CH)SO(, )

-(CH)N + HCl(or HSO) (CH)NHCl or (CH)NHSO(, , )(CH)N + ClO (CH)H ClO- ( )

-Aldehyde + ClO Carboxyl

-Acetaldehyde CHCHO + ClO CHCOOH (,,,)

HS CHSH DMS DMDS

() ppb

729.0 57.1 12.5 13.5

26.9 N.D. 7.3 N.D.

96.3% 100% 41.6% 100%

* : * : 2004 10 14* : CIO / * : GC/FPD, UV(DR4000U)* :

* NH3 : 420 ppm? a 35ppm(83%) *

* - - -

* - - , - - - - - , /

* - , - , , - /

* - - /

* - , /- / /- , , /

* - , - - ,

* - /- -

* - , - ,

* / - , - , - ,

* -

* -

* /- , , - - , , - , - - () -

* - , - , - - , ( )- / , - (Sick house syndrome)

* / - - - / - , , ( )-

1

:

1.

Chlorine dioxide ClO2 Stabilized Chlorine dioxide

ClO2 (Chlorine Dioxide) ClO2-(Chlorite ), ClO3-

(Chlorate )

/

Pure/Active chlorine dioxide

Stabilized Chlorite

Sodium

Chlorite

1) : ,

,

2) : /

1) :

2) : /

( )

1)

2) (US Organic

Standards) 205 601

1) ClO2-, ClO3-

2)

,

(,

)

1) (Acid) ,

2)

2

2.

, .

.

,

.

, .

.

1/10 ~ 1/100 .

, (unstable)

, .

,

,

KIST() 2003 ,

.

*

EPA : pH 8

FDA :

: (US Organic Standards)

: 1ppm (1999-173)

:

*

No. 0364235

:

: , ,

(2004 11 , )

3

3.

.

.

(Stabilized chlorite) (Sodium chlorite). ,

Chlorite pH7 (Peroxide)

, .

2 . ,

, ,

, .

3-1

1)

: ,

.

.

*

( :ppm)

ClO2 ClO2- ClO3

-

( ) 5,000 10 48

330 73,360 29,150

0 45,370 28,330

0 73,350 20,810

(: )

2)

: ,

. , Sodium

chlorite Acid ,

Stabilized .

4

1. Frontier Pharmaceutical, Inc.

( )

() 5. What is the difference between "Active" chlorine dioxide and "Stabilized" chlorine dioxide?

Stabilized chlorine dioxide is a misleading term that is unfortunately in widespread use. There are only

trace amounts of chlorine dioxide in "stabilized chlorine dioxide". The correct description of this is

stabilized chlorite. The chlorite is stabilized with a buffer and peroxide at a pH of about 7. Though

chlorite, or stabilized chlorite, is also an oxidizing agent, it is not nearly as powerful as chlorine dioxide.

Chlorine dioxide, unlike chlorite, is a gas that must be generated at the time of application by mixing 2

separate parts. ()

: http://www.frontierpharm.com/chlorine_dioxide_faq1.htm#active

Frontier Pharmaceutical, Inc.

10 Ponderosa Drive Melville, New York 11747

Toll Free: (800) 767-3486 Phone: (631) 367-3400 Fax: (631) 692-7642

2. The Only Oral Rinse Containing Active Chlorine Dioxide Receives U.S. Patent Approval

( )

Newswire

2 December 1997

The U.S. Patent Office has approved a patent for ProFresh BreathCare System's oral rinse, the only oral rinse containing active chlorine dioxide. Chlorine dioxide is a safe but powerful deodorizing agent. Most dental experts agree that chlorine dioxide significantly reduces bad breath, but only if active.

"Obtaining U.S. Patent approval is important because it confirms the difference between our product and those containing stabilized chlorine dioxide," said Jon Richter, D.M.D., Ph.D., a Philadelphia dentist and scientist who developed the in-home ProFresh BreathCare System. "Active chlorine dioxide effectively destroys sulfur-containing molecules that cause odor in the mouth. Except for ProFresh, products that claim chlorine dioxide content actually contain

http://www.frontierpharm.com/chlorine_dioxide_faq1.htm#active#activehttp://www.frontierpharm.com/chlorine_dioxide_faq1.htm#active

5

stabilized chlorine dioxide instead, and its effect on breath odor is minimal."

Chlorine dioxide is unstable in solutions of near-normal pH for extended periods of time, making it difficult to produce and store. This is why other oral rinse manufacturers have chosen to use stabilized chlorine dioxide, a salt (sodium chlorite) that degrades to form chlorine dioxide only upon acidification. It is not an effective deodorizer, as compared to active chlorine dioxide. The chlorine dioxide formula in ProFresh oral rinse is activated just prior to shipment, or by the user, so that it continues to be effective and potent during the normal course of use.

"Under the newly approved patent, the ProFresh formula cannot be duplicated, making ProFresh the exclusive oral rinse containing active chlorine dioxide," added Dr. Richter. "Without active chlorine dioxide, there is no significant odor reduction."

Individuals can check for active chlorine dioxide versus stabilized chlorine dioxide with their noses: the odor of active chlorine dioxide is detectable to most people as an ozone or chlorine-like aroma. In addition, consumers should be suspicious of rinses claiming chlorine dioxide content that include a flavoring ingredient such as mint, according to Dr. Richter. "Active chlorine dioxide reacts with all organic compounds, such as flavorings, and it's deodorizing action would be spent on the flavoring agents instead of on mouth odors," he said.

The ProFresh system includes all the materials and instructions necessary to perform a simple, two-minute, daily oral hygiene regimen that guarantees the elimination of bad breath 24 hours a day.

Dr. Richter is a practicing dentist and founder of the Richter Center for Treatment of Breath Disorders in Philadelphia, Pa., the first center in the United States devoted to the treatment of bad breath. He has successfully diagnosed and treated thousands of patients.

Consumer information about the ProFresh BreathCare System is available on the Internet at www.profresh.com or by calling 1-800-210-2110. CONTACT: Leslie Fisher of ProFresh International, 215-985-4985

: http://www.clo2.com/reading/waternews/oralclo2.html

3. What is the difference between "Active" chlorine dioxide and "Stabilized" chlorine dioxide?

( )

The Innotec Group Ltd. Toll Free: 1 877 IGLPROD

http://www.profresh.com/http://www.clo2.com/reading/waternews/oralclo2.html

Local : 516 742-0595 Fax : 516 741-2257 Monday - Friday 9 A.M. - 5 P.M.

Stabilized chlorine dioxide (available in some breath freshening products) is a misleading term that is

unfortunately in widespread use. There are only trace amounts of chlorine dioxide in "stabilized chlorine

dioxide". Stabilized Chlorine Dioxide is basically Sodium Chlorite, a weaker oxidizing agent the Chlorine

Dioxide. Unlike chlorite, Chlorine dioxide is a gas that must be generated at the time of application by

mixing 2 separate parts.

Active chlorine dioxide is contained in all DioxiCare products.

For Immediate Release

Contact:

Les Fisher

ProFresh International

215-985-4985

The Only Oral Rinse Containing Active Chlorine

Dioxide Recieves U.S.

: http://www.iglproducts.com/FAQ.asp

6

http://www.iglproducts.com/FAQ.asp

1.pdf1.____.pdf2. The Only Oral Rinse Containing Active Chlorine Dioxide Receives U.S. Patent Approval( )