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Hipopituitarisme

1. The most common problem is insufficiency offollicle-stimulating

hormone(FSH) and/orluteinizing hormone(H) leading to se!

hormoneabnormalities.

"eficiency of luteinizing hormone (H) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)#

together referred to as thegonadotropins# leads to different symptoms in men and

$omen. %omen e!perience oligo-or amenorrhea(infre&uent/light or absent menstrual

periodsrespecti'ely) and infertility. en lose facial# scrotal and trun hair# as $ell as

suffering decreased muscle mass and anemia. *oth se!es may e!perience a decrease

inlibidoand loss ofse!ual function# and ha'e an increased ris ofosteoporosis(bone

fragility). ac of H/FSH in children is associated $ith delayed puberty.+1,+,

. ro$th hormone deficiencyis more common in people $ith an underlying

tumor than those $ith other causes.+1,+0a,

ro$th hormone(H) deficiency leads to a decrease in muscle mass#central

obesity(increase in body fat around the $aist) and impaired attention and

memory. hildren e!perience gro$th retardationandshort stature.+1,+,

3. Adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) deficiency leads toadrenal insufficiency, a

lack of production ofglucocorticoidssuch ascortisolby theadrenal gland. If the

problem is chronic, symptoms consist offatigue,weight loss,failure to thrive(in

children),delayed puberty(in adolescents),hypoglycemia(low blood sugarlevels),anemiaandhyponatremia(low sodium levels). If the onset is

abrupt,collapse,shockandvomitingmay occur.[1][5]ACTH deficiency is highly

similar to primaryAddison's disease,which is cortisol deficiency as the result of

direct damage to the adrenal glands; the latter form, however, often leads

tohyperpigmentationof the skin, which does not occur in ACTH deficiency.

Addisons disease(alsoAddison disease,chronic adrenal

insufficiency,hypocortisolism, andhypoadrenalism) is a rare, chronicendocrine

systemdisorder in which theadrenal glandsdo not produce sufficientsteroid

hormones(glucocorticoids andmineralocorticoids). It is characterised by a number of

relativelynonspecific symptoms,such as abdominal pain and weakness, but under

certain circumstances, these may progress toAddisonian crisis, a severe illness which

may includevery low blood pressureandcoma.

4.Thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) deficiency leads tohypothyroidism(lack of

production ofthyroxine(T4) andtriiodothyronine(T3) in thethyroid). Typical symptoms are

tiredness,intolerance to cold,constipation,weight gain,hair lossand slowed thinking, as

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neider-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypopituitarism#cite_note-VanAken-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormone_deficiencyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypopituitarism#cite_note-Schneider-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypopituitarism#cite_note-Regal-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_obesityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_obesityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_retardationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_staturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypopituitarism#cite_note-Schneider-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypopituitarism#cite_note-VanAken-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_insufficiencyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucocorticoidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortisolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_glandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatigue_(medical)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight_loss#Unintentional_weight_losshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failure_to_thrivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delayed_pubertyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoglycemiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyponatremiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collapse_(medical)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_(circulatory)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vomitinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypopituitarism#cite_note-Schneider-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypopituitarism#cite_note-VanAken-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addison's_diseasehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperpigmentationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_glandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralocorticoidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symptom#Typeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_crisishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_(circulatory)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothyroidismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroxinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triiodothyroninehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_sensitivityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constipationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight_gainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alopeciahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormone

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well asa slowed heart rateandlow blood pressure.In children, hypothyroidism leads to

delayed growth and in extreme inborn forms to a syndrome calledcretinism.[1][5]

5.Prolactin(PRL) plays a role inbreastfeeding,and inability to breastfeed may point at

abnormally low prolactin levels.[7]

Posterior pituitary[edit]

1.Antidiuretic hormone(ADH) deficiency leads to the syndrome ofdiabetes

insipidus(unrelated todiabetes mellitus): inability to concentrate theurine, leading

topolyuria(production of large amounts of clear urine) that islow in

solutes,dehydrationandin compensationextreme thirst and constant need to drink

(polydipsia), as well ashypernatremia(high sodium levels in the blood).[11]ADH deficiency

may be masked if there is ACTH deficiency, with symptoms only appearing when cortisol

has been replaced.[7]

2.Oxytocin(OXT) deficiency generally causes few symptoms, as it is only required at the

time ofchildbirthand breastfeeding.[1]

vComplications[edit] (Related Aging)

Several hormone deficiencies associated with hypopituitarism may lead to secondary

diseases. For instance, growth hormone deficiency is associated with obesity,raisedcholesteroland themetabolic syndrome, and estradiol deficiency may lead to

osteoporosis. While effective treatment of the underlying hormone deficiencies may

improve these risks, it is often necessary to treat them directly.[5]

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