雷 倩 博士2016.11.12

經濟趨勢與教會處境－從美國大選之後談起

聖經經濟倫理研討會

S&P 500 Index price returns From January 1981 to October 2016

Source ： FIDELITY VIEWPOINTS –2016/10/26, YCharts.

The Backdrop: The Global Macroeconomic Scene (1995)Gross Domestic Product and Current Account Surplus

(billions of chained 2005 U.S. dollars, except population)

Emerging Low-Wage Surplus and Energy-Exporting Nations

(ELOWASEENS)

USA, Canada,and EU

Japan

Population ： 1.639billion

Current Account Deficit ： -8

GDP:21,190

GDP:6,510

GDP:2,820

Source ： The Age od Oversupply, Daniel Alpert, 2013, P.49

GlobalMacroeconomic

Intersection

Current Account Deficit ： -122 Population ： 775 million

Current Account Surplus ： 137

Population ： 125 million

Notes:(1) ELOWASEENS include China, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Kuwait, South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, Qatar, Nigeria, Venezuela, and Libya.(2) Country group boxes sized to relative population.(3) GDP and Current Account arrows show relative size.

Japan

GDP:28,462

GDP:4,239

GDP:5,889

Population ： 128 million

The Backdrop: The Global Macroeconomic Scene (2006)Gross Domestic Product and Current Account Surplus

(billions of chained 2005 U.S. dollars, except population)

Emerging Low-Wage Surplus and Energy-Exporting Nations

(ELOWASEENS)

USA, Canada,and EU

GlobalMacroeconomic

Intersection

Population ： 1.804 billion Population ： 821 millionCurrent Account Deficit ： -813

Current Account Surplus ： 618

Current Account Surplus ： 167

Huge Emerging Marginal(4):

India(2006)Population:1.15 billionGDP ： 950 bilCA Deficit-9 billion

Brazil(2006)Population:187millionGDP ： 1,050 bilCA Surplus +13 billion

Source ： The Age od Oversupply, Daniel Alpert, 2013, P.56

Notes:(1) ELOWASEENS include China, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Kuwait, South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, Qatar, Nigeria, Venezuela, and Libya.(2) Country group boxes sized to relative population.(3) GDP and Current Account arrows show relative size. (4) Indian and Brazilian current account deficits have since widened, to (current dollars) - $52 billion (2010) and -$53 billion (2011), respectively. The GDP of India and Brazil have since skyrocketed, however, to 2011 levels of $1.85 trillion and $2.45 trillion, respectively (current dollars).

Sirivat Voravetvuthikun went broke during the crisis and now sells sandwiches on the streets of Bangkok.

New York Times. 2007. “Asia’s Long Road to Recovery”JUNE 28,

經濟發展與社會福祉Adam Smith (1723-1790)

• 道德情操論 The Theory of Moral Sentiments(1759)個人幸福：審慎的美德（ The Virtue of Prudence)他人幸福：公平的美德（ The Virtue of Justice)

仁慈的美德（ The Virtue of Beneficence)

• 國富論 The Wealth of Nations (1776) ：審慎與公平：以此為基礎，主張包含以下特色的自由市場經濟：勞動分工、生產競爭、反對壟斷

仁慈： 必須出於自願。近年逐漸發展成企業社會責任（ Corporate Social Responsibility ）與社會責任企業 （ Social Enterprise ）兩大支柱

市場經濟蒙恩的根基

資料來源：孫震， 2006，《經濟發展的倫理基礎》