A

A

about around round

about , :

look about

around about , look about=look around, around about, :

travel around

round around, round, round, around, , :

She turned round at such a noise.

,

I have been looking for it all around.

, round, around, :

[] Winter comes round.

[] Winter comes around.

above allafter allat all

above all

But above all tell me quickly what I have to do

A clock must above all keeps good time

after all

After allyour birthday is only two weeks away

He isafter alla small child

He failed after all

at all

He doesnt like you at all

Are you going to do it at all

If you do it at alldo it well

I was surprised at his coming at all

add; add to; addto; add up to

add

If the tea is too strong, add some more hot water

After a short while, he added that he would try his best

add to

The bad weather added to our difficulties

addto

Add two to seven, and you will get nine

add up to

All his school education added up to no more than one year

affair; thing; matter; business

affair, affairs

thingthingthings

matter

business

a great deal; a great deal of

a great deal

A great deal has been studied and this is the best way

We are a great deal cleverer than before

a great deal ofmuch

A great deal of timemoneyenergy has been spent on the project

agree onagree toagree withagree that

agree on

The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month

agree to

to

My father agreed to buy a new pen for me

to

They have a greed to our plan

agree with

He agreed with my opinions

We agreed with what he said at the meeting

agree that

I agree that your composition is very good

allowlet allow He allowed me to take his dictionary Will you allow me to use your bike letallowlettoallow Please let me walk with youPlease allow me to walk with youallowallow sbto do sthallow doing sth

although; though; as

althoughthoughas

although, thoughasbut, and, so, howeveryetstillalthoughthough

AlthoughThough he believes it, yet he will not act

asasthough

Young asthough he is, he knows a lot

a

Child asthough he is, he can speak two foreign languages

thoughalthough

They said they would come; they did not, though

althougheven thoughas though(as if)even althoughas although

I believe you are on dutyeven though youre in plain clothes

amongbetween

betweenamongbetween

The girl walked between her father and mother

She is the tallest among her classmates

Switzerland lies between FranceItalyAustria and Germany

argue debate dispute

argue , :

I argued with her for a long time, but she refused to listen to reason.

,

debate , , :

We have been debating about the issue.

dispute , ,:

Whether he will be elected as chairman is still disputed.,

arguequarreldiscuss

argue

We heard them arguing in the other room

arguewithabout

We argued with them about this problem for a long time

quarrelwithabout

He often quarrels about their housework with his wife

discuss

We'll discuss the use of the articles tomorrow

as (so) far as; as (so) long as

assofar asas (so) far as sthis concernedas (so) long as

As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found their new jobs

There is nothing that we cant do so as long as we keep on trying to do it

As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go

asleepsleeping asleepsleeping

an asleep babya sleeping baby

He was asleep with his head on his arms

asleeping dog sleeping car

sleeping bag

assertaffirmmaintain assert affirm maintain

ADespite all the policemans questions the suspect that he had been at home all evening

BIt is nonsense to that smoking does not damage peoples health

CThroughout his prison sentence Dunn has always his innocence

AnswersA. affirmed B. assert C. maintained

as thougheven thoughthough

as thoughas if

He spoke as thoughas ifhe had been here before

It looks as ifas thoughit is going to rain

even thougheven ifthougheven thoughthoughthougheven though

He will not tell the secret even thougheven ifhe knows it

He will not tell the secret though he knows it

at the beginningin the beginning at the beginning of Students usually have a study plan at the beginning of term in the beginning at firstof In the beginningsome of us took no interest in physics

attack assail assault charge beset

""

attack , """", :

Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.1941

assail "", :

The enemy plane assailed our defence position.

assault assail, "", "" (), "", The enemy assaulted us at dawn.

charge """", :

The cavalry charged to the front.

beset "", ,

In the swamp we were beset by mosquitoes.,

at the age ofby the age of at the age of

At the age of sixhe began to learn English

She learned to play the piano at the age often

by the age of

By the age of sixteenhe had learned to drive a car

You will have learned more than 2000 English words by the age of fourteen

2000

at the time; at that time; at one time; at a time

at the time

Many people saw the strange thing happen at the time

at the timeof

Were you in San Francisco at the time of the big earth quake in 1989

1989

It happened at the time of King Alfred

at that time of

In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and SichuanAt that time

(At the 17th century) the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded

at one timeduring a period of time in the past

They used to be good friends at one time

at a time

Dont speak all at onceOne at a time, please

Take the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a time

at speed with speed

at the speed ofat speedspeedall, lightning, greatwithalllightninggreat

Our car was running with all speed on the expressway

The Long March No2 Rocket sent up the satellite into space at the speed of 112 kilometers per second 112

B

becausesinceasfor asbecausesinceforbecausesinceasforbecausewhybecause

We stayed at home because it rained

assinceassince

As he was not feeling wellI decided to go there alone

Since everyone is herelet's start

for

There must be nobody in the classroomfor the light is off

believebelieve in

believe

I believe what he says

I believe that he will succeed

believe in have trust in

They believe in God

I believe in having plenty of exercise

believebelieve in

I believe in himI think he is a frustworthy man

I believe himI believe what he says

belief faith trust confidence

belief , , :

belief in ghosts.

faith , :

I have faith in his ability to succeed.

trust , , :

enjoy the trust of the people

confidence , , :

She has great confidence in her success.

besidesexceptbut

exceptbutbesides

All of them have seen the film exceptbut Wu Dong

All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong

exceptingbutexceptbut

Ill do everything exceptbut cook

This window is never opened except in summer

There arent any other people to do the work exceptbutbesides you

be anxious to; be anxious for; be anxious about ;be anxious that be anxious toto

be anxious forsbto do sthfor sbto do sth

be anxious about be anxious thatthat

[EXERCISES]

I the result of the examination

We know the result of the examination

We Mr Liu to help us with our English

Mr Li a new car

They arrive home before dark

(Key: am anxious aboutfor are anxious to are anxious foris anxious for are anxious to)

1) The girl a new dictionary 2) All the students their results of this examination 3) Everyone know their results of the competition 4) We Mr Zhao to return 5) We she should do her best

Key: 1) wasis anxious for 2) are anxious about 3) is anxious to 4are anxious for

5 are anxious that

be known as be known for be known to be known in

be known as

Liu Huan is known as a singer

Were sure youll be well-known as an artist

be known for

Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers

Mr Geldof is well-known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day

be known to

He is known to all in our village

He was known to have invented many thingsIt was known that he had invented many things

be known in

He is well-known in the town where he was born

be made ofbe made inbe made frombe made bybe made up of be made of be made in be made from be made by be made up of be made inbe made ofbe made frombe made bybe made up of This bike Tianjin

This table wood

The car 1999 Paper wood

The kite my mother

The team ten members Keyswas made in is made of was made in is made fromwas made byis made up of be used forbe used asbe used by be used forvingfor be used as be used by be used forbe used asbe used by A telephone better communication The motorbike Liu Ming A ruler often a knife by him to cut a piece of paper open Keysis used foris used byis,used as

be pleased with; be pleased at(about);be pleased to

1) The manager you before

2) My boss must see you again in HongKong

3) I seeing so many students present

4) I hear Mr Zhao your article

was pleased with be pleased toto am pleased at(about)be pleased ataboutving is pleased at(about)

be to do sthbe about to do sthbe going to do sth

be to do sth

You're to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock

be about to do sth

I was about to go out when someone knocked at the door

be going to do sth

We're going to spend our holidays in Wales this year

I'm going to be twenty next month

Look at those black clouds, there is going to be a storm

beat; strike; hit

strike

hit

beat

blame; scold

blameforonupon

He blamed Tom for the failure

Don't blame it on him, but on me

scold

Don't scold the childIt's not his fault

I hate to scold, son, but you mustn't stay out so late at night

blow down; blow in; blow off; blow over blow downblow inblow offblow over

[EXERCISES]

1) The high winds yesterday thousands of trees 2) We sometimes had quarrels, but they soon 3) I had my hat by the wind 4) A lot of dust You must clear it away Key: 1) blew down 2) blew over 3) blown off 4) has blown in

break up; break down; break out; break into; break in; break away; break through

break up

break down

break out

break into

break inin

break awayfrom

break through

He said his computer

Those old cars will be for scrap()

Last night somebody Mr Brown's house and took away many things

A fire after we had gone home

The boy often while his parents are speaking

You must from bad habits

After the heavy rain the sun the clouds

A thief and stole a lot of things last night

Tom the motor bike which he bought five years ago

The ice began to on the river

(Key:had broken down broken up broke into broke out breaks in break away broke through broke in broke down break up)

bring onbring inbring out

bring on

Tom often brings on meals and his brotherJim picks up the dishes after meals

The sudden cold weather brought on his cold again

bring in

His new business brings in 1000 dollars

We also brought in some words from English

bring out

He brought out his gun and pointed at me

Bring out the meaning more clearly

They have brought out a set of childrens books

bring down; bring back; bring up; bring in bring down bring back bring up bring in

[EXERCISES]

1) Her singing memories of my mother 2) They also some words from their own languages 3) The wind a number of trees 4) He all he had eaten 5) Can you try to get them to the price 6) All library books must be before June 25 7) Mr White 500 a week 8) You must manage to the temperature Key: 1) brings back 2) brought in 3) brought down 4) brought up 5) bring down6) brought back 7) is bringing in 8) bring down

broad; wide

broad ()wide

Looking at the new-type camera, the young man with broad shoulders was surprised with his mouth wide open.

Hes a broad-minded person; hell never be disappointed by such a small failure

buthowever but

We love peace but we are not afraid of war

howeverbuthowever

Laterhoweverhe decided to go

by oneselfoneself

by oneselfalonewithout help

oneself

If you come to my houseIll cook for you myself

Can you cook by yourself now

by seaby the sea

by seabybyby the seabyby

They will go to America by sea

There is a small village by the sea

by ship

by a ship

by land

by the land

by taxi

by the taxi

by road

by the road

C

catch sbdoing sth be (get) caught in sth

catch sbdoing sth

The policeman caught two men fighting in the street

The man was caught stealing the apples

be (get) caught in sth

I got caught in the traffic

I was caught in a storm on my way to school

care about; care for; care; care to care about He doesn't care about his clothes I don't care about going there care for Who will care for your children when you are away How the Party cares for us! Would you care for a walk? He cares more for fine new clothes than for anything else care I don't care who you are I don't care what you say care to I dont care to go there

carry off; carry away; carry out carry offcarry awaycarry offcarry away After destroying the village, the enemy carried offaway all the cattle I carried off the first prize We were carried away by her songs carry out Would you please carry out the desk into the garden You must carry out your duty

carry out; carry on

carry outcarry on

The group of soldiers carried out a secret military action the other day

Comrades in Germany were carrying on a heroic fight against war under conditions of fascism at that time

cause; reason; excuse

causeeffect

I dont know the cause and effect

The cause of the fire was carelessness

reason

There are many reasons for animals dying out

Tell us your reason for changing the plan

excuse

Too much work is no excuse for absence

I havent done the work wellmy excuse is that I have been ill

2013

adventure ;n.& vt. venture risk; danger; adventurous adj.

airplane;n. aircraft ;;

disappoint ;v. appoint

argue ;vi. ; debate discuss;

brave;adj. bold ;fearless

care aboutcare for ;

castvt.& vi. (cast,cast) ;broadcast

compass;n.; pass

deserted adj. desert dessertdrop sb a line

e-pal;n.pale; e-friend

error n.false adj. fault n.false; incorrect

feeling n.

emotion ;feeltouch;

Fond adj.; ( be) fond of

Fry;vt. & vi. frying-pan; pot; try

Gun;n.;: run; fun;

Hammern.ham ;

: gram; grammar

Handsome;adj.

beautiful; pretty; smart

honestadj.; loyal;

dishonest;

huntvt.& vi.& n.

hunt forlook/ search for

in order to; : so as to ,

lie;n./v. lie; pie; (liedlied ); laylain;

loyal ;adj. loyalty; ;n. loyalist

match; ;n.; ; march

mirror;;n.; error ; terror;

movie;;n.film move; Imove movie

parachute; n. ArA; paragraph; separate; character

rope; n. ; hope; telescope ;

saw;n.; see

scared;n.scar; scarf ;share;n./v. ; hare

smart;adj.; art; mart=market

solution;n. solve; ;v. resolution n.;

sorrown. row n. sad ;arrow

speechvt.& vi.

speak pronunciation ;lecture

such as;like; for example

survive;;vi.&vtsurprisesurface vive-

wise; adj.

classical;class;formal;informal;

a great many ()a number of;many a;penty of;

bathroom ;n./v. bathe

bring in

; bring together;

broad;;adj.road

closet ;n.; ;close; set

come about; happen; occur; take place

commandern.

command ; man

Communicatevi.

communicationn.

comparevt. contrast ;pare prepare

cookbookn.notebook; exercise book; guidebook

end up with

begin/start with

equal adj.; vt.; equality ;equation unequalbe equal to

except for

; besides; in addition to ; apart from

exchange ;vt.& n.

change ;communicatecommunication;

expression n. : impression

falln;

rainfall ;autumn ;call ;hall ;tall

global adj.; globe n. ;

governmentn.; govern; ; rule ;

howlvi.& n.:

independentadj.; depend

internationaladj.nation; national

landladyn. land+ lady;

majorityn.; major

make oneself at home

movementn.;move

nativeadj./n; civil ;local;;;

organizationn.; organize; opposite

presidentn.; resident ;reside residence

pronounce;vt.

noun ; pronunciation; pronoun;

publishv.; pub print ;come out;

repeat; n.vireplacevt.; change; take the place of;

service;n.;

serve; conservation

signal;;n. ;;design ;assign

appoint ;sign

situation;n.situate v.

southern;n. northern;

south

Spanish;;adj. n;

stand;;n.; standard; understand ;stage

statement;n.; state

stay upsit up;stay away from

tidy;vt. tide clean tongue;n. ;language

mother tongue n. tongue twister

total;adj. ./v.; ;altogether adv.

in total ; altogether; add up to;in all; all in all;on the whole;

totallyadv.

tourism;n.; tourtowel;n.; scarf hankerchief

trade; adj.; business WTO. merchant;

typhoon;n.; : type

adventurous;adj.; adventure ;

as well as ;

backpack ;n.; pack ;back;backwardforward ;

basic;adj./n; base basis basin

board;vt. on broad

broad ;aboard

cellophane;n.;

mobile phone; automobile

combine;vt. & vi.( ;connect ;unit; join;

consider;vt.; side;

contain;vt.; include tain ; tin ;

destination;n. purpose aim; goal

eco-travel;;n.; ecology ; ecologist

equipment;;n. ; equip v. quip; decorate;

excitement;n.

excite thrill;

experiencevt.& n. experiment experienced adj.

get away from : escape; fleefled;fled

handle;vt./n;; control; operate ;conducthand;

means;n. way;

method; approach;

nature;n.;; natural; ;strait; feature;characteristic

normal adj. formalabnormal;informal;

normal ;n.; regular; irregular; abnormal

on the other hand;;on the one hand;

unit;; unity;unite

paddle;vi.n.vt.;pad row

particular;;adj specialespecial commongeneral;

poison;n.; poisonous

protect sb / sth from defend; keep; prevent; stop...from;

responsiblyadv. responsible; adj. respond

see sb off .()bring sb. back;

separate;adj.; rate ;; Sep.

similarity;.n ;

similar;difference

simple;adj. ; difficult; complex

simply;adv.; merely

spider;n.;: side; spider map;

stream;vt.& vi.:team;

cream scream

task;n.; duty

tip;n. pit ; dip;

transportation;n.; transport; ;v

unpack;vt.& vi; pack ;load ;unload

vacation;n.holiday

watch out

; look outadvance;vt.& vi./n. distance ; march progress;

advanceprogress

agentn.age manager;travel agent

articlen.; composition

boomn./v. bloom;room; broom;

Buddha n.;

couchn.;

ouch sofa;

crackvi.boom crash; trackdeadlinen.headline

destroyvt.

damage ;hurt ;harm; woundruin;

disastern. tragedy misfortune;

drag;vt. rag

pull ;

fear;vt.& vi./.; to be afraid ofterror; fright; horror; shock; fearless

fight vi.;

(fought,fought); fright;struggle;

finally;adv. at last; in the end; eventually

flow;vi.& n. wolf; low;

frightn. ; fight;

frighten; fight; fear; shock;

get on one's feet ; struggle to one's feet;

go through

look through

hostvt.n; cost; lost; ghost;hot; master; owner;

king;n.; queen; emperor;nationaladj.;

nation; international

naughtyadj.;

noten.; notebook

on fire

;; catch fire

on holiday;on vacation;

opportunityn.;; chance

peanutn.; pea ;nut ;

pull sb up

;pull down; pull out;

rescuen.; save assist; help;

roar;v. ; howl;

board n.; board;

scarevi.;; care ; scared;scar;t/vi : carscar;scarf; The careful man is scarcely scared by the scarce parcel..

seize ;v. grasp; catch; size

shake;vt. & vi.; quake cake brake snake;bake wake ; sake;baker;

silver;n.scene

stairn.( up/down stairs adv./

strike vi./n; (struck, struck/stricken) hit; knock; beat

struggle;v./n contest; fight ;compete;

swallow;n. /v.

n; wallow wall allow;

take place; happen occur

temple;n.; temp ; temper ;bad-tempered;

toothbrush;n.; brush touch;v. & n.; touch ;contact ;connect; torch

tower;n.

napkin; towel

unforgettable;adj.; forget

uponprep.above; over;

academy n. ;AcA ;myde AcA

acceptvt.; access ; receive

action;n.

actorn.

actressn. address hostess

adult ;n. teenager

award;n. towardreward;

boss n.; :boss; cross; loss; bring sb back

; see off;

career n. : car engineer; pioneer;

choicen.; ;choose ;v.

classicaladj.

;class

Commentn. & vi. ; opinion; advice; remark;

creature;n. animal;

cruelty;;n. cruel; kind;

degree;n.; agree ;grade;academyn. ;

determine vi.&adj. determined; decide; make up one's mind

director;n. direct direction

draman.;AmAtheatre ; comedy

follow-up adj.; grown-up ; adult ;

go wronggo go mad go bad

happiness n.happy; pleasure; fun; entertain;

hero;n.;:Oher;

icyadj.; icein all; at all; after all; above all;

industryn.; dustdust agriculture

lawn.; lawyer; legal

leadern.; lead;

liveadv. native lively

liveadj.; livelyalive;

lock sb. up

set free;

on the air; on the radio;broadcast;

outer adj.; inner

owevt. & vi.;own

owe sth to sb.

;owing to = thanks to

peacen.;war ; "peace; war; found"

primaryadjprime primary schooln. ; middle school

prize;n.; award; price

role;n. part

run after; be afterseek;search;

scenen.;EnEview ;sight ;script n.description ;describe

silver screen

speed n.&v;sped, sped, speeded, speeded)seed need feed weed

stay away;

at home;stay up;

stepfather n. stepmother

studion. study ; radio;

take off

think highly of

advice;n.&v.advise;vice

apologise;vi.=apologize Polo polo

dramaticadj. ; drama

apology;n.say sorry to apologize ;v.make an apology to

behave;vt.& vi.; behaviour; n.good manners; polite;

bone ;n.;one

breast;;n.chesteast; eat;

childhood n.;

; boyhood neighbourhood

cloth ;n.; clothes ;clothing

comma;n.; perioddash

course;n.process; of course

culture;n.; agriculture

custom;n.; habit; customs; customer;damp;adj.; dam; lamp; wet

dessert;n. deserted

disabled;adj.;healthy disability

extra ;adj.; extraordinary

fashion n. ; cushion; pattern; model;type;follow the fashion

fault n. false; error; mistakewrong;;correct;

flesh ;n. ; flash; fresh;

forgive;vt. (forgave,forgiven)excuse; pardon

formal;adj. informal normal;

impolite;adj. rude; polite;good manners

impression;n.; impress; press;have deep impression on

interrupt;vt.& vi.; disturb; bother;trouble;

introduce;vt.; introduction; produce;reduce;educate;

lap;n.(; knee;tap; map;cap;rap;

leave out; neglect;omit;regardless;

make jokes about sb;

make fun of;play tricks on;

manner;n.;

manners;n.;good manners ; politeness

mix;vt.(; mixture

napkin;n.;;handkerchief;

oops ;int.; ouch; couch ;

pray;vi.;ray pay

raise ;vi.prais ; rise

roll;vt.roll up

sip ;vt.& vi.; dip; skip; tip

spiritvt.& vi.; emotion ; wine; beer; softdrink

stare ;vi; fix one's eyes on;

stare at ; glare ; Beware the software in the warhouse during the warfare, hare said;glaring at me. I daren' t declare that the shares are my spare fare and welfare on the farewell party.,;

starter;n.

tender;;adj.; soft

toast; n.;coast ;

unfold;v.;;spread ; extend;fold ;disclose; discover;uncover;

westerner;n. western

wing;;n.swing

king ring shake quake ; ancient;;adj.; ancestor ;cent;; modern

artist ;n.; smart; ;art;

beautyn. beautiful

breathv.; v. breathe; earth

brick ;n.rick; chick tick;thick

bringback to life;;come to life ;

bronzen. ; : copper ;iron silver;gold;iron

burnvt.;burn down(burnt,burnt;burned,burned)

capsule;n. ; cap

carbon;n.carbon dioxide oxide

cave; ;n.;

brave; wave; save; slave; pave;

culturaladj. culture ;adj. damage;;vt. & n. damage destroy.

dioxide;;n.oxDIox ID

dynasty;n. nasty ;dying dye ;

fairy talen.; fair;

give in give up

include;vt.;conclude; except;

limit vt./n; limitless

official;n.; adj.officer; officeclerk;

periodn.timescomma

photographn. telegraph; photo; picture

pollution n.pollute v.

portraitn.; port ;trait ; image

project;vt.reject

pull down; burn downpull up;

pyramid;n.(ram ; amid mid; ;

rebuild vt. & vi.rebuild,rebuild) restore; reconstruct

recreate;vt.

relic;;n.; site; ruin

represent; n. & vt. symbol; present ;stand for

restore;;vt.; rebuild : store

ruin; n. ; run; relic ; site; web site in ruins

set upfound; build

sincerely;adv. since; rely

statuen.statue state figuren. v.

stonen. jewel jewellery

unite ;v. unit connect; join; unity;the Untied Kingdom;The UK; : The US

vasen.; base;

website;vi. address ;site ;

AD(=Anno Domini);;BC

athlete ;n. complete; player

badminton.bad ;ton;

BC

(=before Christ);; AD

because of

; thanks to ; account forowing to;

compete;vi. pet complete; contrast;

competition;.; contest ;

continent;n.; landmass;

dive;vi.; drive

effect;n. result ; affect v.; elect;

facial; adj. face; surface; necklace;

final;;adj.; finally;at last;in the end;eventually;

flag;n. fag drag;banner;

flame;;n.; : fame famous;

further;;adv.( ; father;

gesture;n.signal sign; motion pose

gold;adj./n.;old jadesilvergolden ;diamondold; told; sold ;hold; fold;

gymnastics;n.; ;gym;;PE; nasty

medal; n. metal ;mental

motto;n.; moto;r

point vt.& vi. ;

position;n. ; location;

preparation;;n.prepare;v.;in preparation for

; make preparations for; get ready for;

prepare; compare; repair;

professional;adjathlete;professor;

profile;;n.file;

rank;;n.& vt.& vi. grade; ; degree ;;tank; bank thank

shooting; ;n. fire ;gun; bomb;

skill;;n. killtechnology;technique;;

skillful;experienced;

stand forrepresent

superstar;vt. super girl

take part

; attend ; join in ;

tie;vt. lie; pie; fasten;

titlen.;topic; subject;

torch;n. light touch

track and fieldn. ;track;; speed skating ;n.;

venue;;n.avenue;; avenue stadium ;

weigh;vi.n.weight;height;

weightlifting;n.weight+lifting;

well-known;adj.famous

would rathern. had better;

wrestling;;n.;rest ; W L

absolutely ;adv.completely

accordingadv. in one's

opinion; according to

agreement;n.; disagreement

appointment;n.point disappoint;

automobilen. mobile ; autobus autocar; auto

behaviour; ;n. (=behavior) I our

break down;

;break out

broadband;adj.;broad + band(; )

calendern.; lend; :; end

call for

;ask for; require

case;n.; base vase

in case (of)/that; in the case of ......

clone;vt.& n.

clue; n.; cue ; glue;

dare; vt.&v.aux.; care; compare; rare

defeat; n. feat

defeat;vt.fail windefeat;

department;;n.departapartment ;depend;vi.independent; rely;dependant;

dialvt.; diagram ; dialogue ; dialect;

disagree;vi.;

agreement disagreement

electricity;n.electric; electronic;

emergency;n.; passion emergefeeling

featuren.;;characteristicforcen.; source; power ;strength ;fierceforcevt.

function;n.; fun;funeral

image;n.; imagine;

interviewvt.& n.; meet; viewreviewinternational

item ;n.

latest;adj.; recent; late ;later ;

negative;adj.;;; positive

obey ;vt.; disobey; beyond

peaceful;adj.; peace; piece

planet;n.; plane ;plan;plant; ;star

press;n.; impress; expression;express

remindvt.& vi.; mind;remind of;

resource;n. ; source pond

revise;v.; review

skipvi.& vt.; scan ; skim ;sip;

stay in touch with

;keep/get in touch with

succeed;v.; success; successful

take over

take up;

teenagern.1319in ones teens;/twenties---nineties

throughoutprep.; all over theacross

unexpectedadj; expect

whateverpron./adj;

wonder;n.; wonderful ; wander;

act;vt. & vi.;action; active; activity; actor; actress;adaptvt.; A-A ;

adapt to; ; adopt ;

add;vt.&vi ; addition;address

amountn.; ;mount ;Emei;mountain;Mount ; quality

antelope;n.; ; ant; telescope

as a result of;

; result in;;

at present;; so far

attractive;adj.; active; draw attention to ; active;

battery;n.; bath ; butterfly; ;bat

brief; adj. ;short ;simple ;belief

common;adj. : general;usual;

devote;vt.; deter ;vote; devote to vote ;

die out; die down ;die off;

ecosystem;n.; system

endanger;vt.; danger; dangerous

endangerment; n.; in danger;

environmental; adj.; environment; ; iron; mental

flatadj.; ;fat;flat ;

flatn. apartmentapart

furn.; leather feather

giraffen.;deer

graph n.; diagram ; picture; drawing ; paiting; telegraph;portrait;

habitatn.; habit;

harmfuladj.; harm;in danger;endanger;

in the wild ; ; in the open air;

junglen.; forest; bush

kangaroo n.;mouse;mice; rat

leadvt./vi. ; leadadj.leading lead to; result in

make a difference

materialn.mate

measuren./v ; take measure;;treasure; take a step

organisevt. & vi.organizeorganise v.

originaladj. singalorigin n.packagen.; backpack pack n.page ; wrappackagevt.; pack + age; luggage;packagingn.

postern.; post ;

reducev.; increase ; produce

respondv. answer ; reply; responsible; responsibilityrespond to;

set free ; in prison

soda n.

speciesn.; special ;kind; type; sort;

throw awayadj.

topic; n. title subject

top

tour;n.; trip journey voyage;

valuable;adj.

value ; percious

wolf; n.; flow Asia

; A-A

bluesn. ;blue ;clue;; glue

chantn. ant ; merchant;; can; hat;

characteristcn.feather ; ArA

desiren.; will ; admire

Unit 11

emotionn.; motion ;entertain vt.& vi. ; enter entertainment ; fun

express;vt.press ;expression;

folkadj./n; relatives local

guitar;n. tar

in common

inner;adj.;outer;upper;

instrument n.; tool

intelligencen.; intelligent; adj.IQ;

jazzn.

musicaladj .; music

musiciann.; physican

performv. form

performer n.; performance n.

processn.;

success; access;

rapn. rapid ; trap

rappervt. tap; map; cap; rap

recordn.vt.; according to ; create; v.; tape; type ;recorder; ;

rhythmn.rime

satisfyvt.& vi.;

satisfaction; satisfied; satisfying;

slaven.brave ;slave

spread v.;

(spread; spread) motion;unfoldextend

suggestionn.suggest; gesture

traditional n.tradition; n. customtrade

turn into; change into

universaladj; universe university

varietyn. vary ;various ; cruelty

versusprep.; Vs.

announcement n.&n.&vi.; noun; announce ;cement

believe in trust; faith ; belief

character; n.; act ;

comedy;n.; tragedy; ;

exhibition;n.; exhibit v.; on show

Unit 12

forehead;n. ; foreign; forearm ;

forecast ;forefather ;forfinger ;

habit n.; custom(;habitat;

in troublein danger;

literature n. culture ;

local adj.; folk

magicn.adj. ;wich wichcraftlogic

miserable adj.pity; sympathy

power; n.force

romanticadj; modern

scar vt. scared;

seriesn. serious serial ;

a series of

a pair of;serious;

shouldervt.n.should explode chest breastsoot;

burden;load ;explod

stupid adj.; foolish; clever; wise; bright

treatv.; cure ;regard/consider/look on as

trick n.; fun; joke

turn around

turn over

unhappyvi.; happy;sad;

villagern.; village

whispervi./ n; his ; :per W;

witchcraftn.;witch ;

: witch switch aircraft

wizardn.

minorityn.; majority

pressv.;express ; impress; address

processn.;access v. ; award; course programme ;approach

professionaln.

profession ; professor ;

raftn.&vt.; rat craft aircraft

typhoon

soda

tower

stone

tour

match

""

loyal

microphone

sofa

howl

;

ouch

oop

magicn.

guitar

stone

blues;

guitar

modern

Unit 13

fibre n. fire

[]fibreb

b

diet n. []die

mineral n.

[]mine() ral

fever [] ever

function n. fun[]-ctionfunfunction.; funeral

nutrition []nutnutrition; nutrious

digest vt. dig+est stomach dig

steam n. ;steambread/teamsteam--eam;stream;scream;dream;team;()

boil . oilboil

peach n. each Ppeach.

chemical;adj.chemist;chemistry;chemics;

sleepy;beauty;tasty;diary;plenty;energy;

mushroom;mush +room

boil; oil;mixture;mix;spoonful;spoon;lettuce;

peel peelsoft:

salad n. bacon bacon

bar n. fue

-ace

pace n. race /necklace face /surface

-ean

bean pea beancurd mean ;lean clean, ocean, pean;

-ain

gain brain n. main pain entaintainrain; No pains no gains.Srain brain on the train is restrained. . The gained grain drained away with the rain, all the pains were in vain again. ,

-ine

examine mine line nine fine shine wine//////;

-ice

ice; slice mice rice dice

////

-ipe

wipe; ripe;

-it

fit;bit;unit;

-ack;

snack;back;pack;lack;

-ance;

balance;distance;instance;entrance;

Unit 14

theme n. the. me

themethemethemtheme

thesis topic

holy, hol(e)y,holyhole;;

symbol

sym-bp.msym-

simblesimpleAbu.

system sign, mark, representsymbolize v.

sympathy n. symphony /syntax synthesize v. synthesis n.analysis, basis

conflict n.

con- /with pros and cons

concern

conclude v. conclusion n. condition n. confidence n. conference n.

condense v. condenser conflictfl(y) ict /fly

struggle, fighting, struggle quarrel.

flict ;flick

argue v. argument n.

Q

debate, discuss

opinion op.in.i.on

opinionIinIon.idea, view, thought in ones opinion=according to major adj.

[]major

media majority

probable adj.

probably adv. pro.babylprobabymaybe; possible; perhaps; probably; probablypossiblelikely;be likely to perhapspossibly

honour=honor h.on.our n.&v. :honest ; honey ; ; honorable hone ; h.on.our on,our,hour Hhour

-our -or

colour,favour,neighbour,pour,tour,flour,courage,journey//////

an.cest.or n.

an.ces.tress n. ;ancient adj.;an, c-bestor;

-est forest, interest,chest, rest,test,west

/////

principle prin.ci.ple n.

prince princess;

print publish

theoryrulelaw

purpose pur pose ;purp.ose n.; pose ;purp.le purse ;pure; purchase;

pose;

purplepurse,purposepurepurchaserosepurse.

-ose

rose lose close suppose nose those whose oppose;

composecomposition

creativity n. cre.ati.vi.tycreate v. creative adj. creature v. creation n. creator n.

activity act

cream ; cream

faith n., belief

face;

belief,trust,honest,faithful,loyal

have faith/belief in=believe in=trust

commercialadj.commerce E-commence common comment communicate command comma

mercy sympathypity

joy n.

-oy

toy boy employ destroy vt. enjoy;voyage n.soy

similar adj. simile same equal;similarity n. popularity;

be similar to be equal to

a r /

particular ; specialespecial

grammar n ram.mar

collar n polar adj generation n () general adj n.gene n. energy n. intelligence ;n. ;genius ;n

gentle adj. ;gentleman

salute n v

salt

-ut cut but nut shut hut

put future computer butter ;button ; duty

pollute v. pollution ;

butcher .;n her

kiss ;vt.

-iss

miss ;n. vt.

miss kiss dismiss v. ;

fire ;v. employ ;

cheek ;n. seek v check/cheque

-eek

Greek creek week weekseek

nod v. god ;

dog rodgesture body language;celebration n. ; congratulation ;celebrate v.;congratulate v. ;

-ele- elect select

elephant ; electricity n

eletric adj ; electronic adj. ; electrify v;

brat n ;bat;rat;

-ect select ; elect; project; reject; expect

respect vt. :admire ; envy v ; honour ; appreciate ; regard

gift n lift v n

-ift drift shiftpresent pre-; talent power ability

cycle n. v;circle ;bicycle recycle surround

-ool

fool n. vt.

cool stool pool

tool wool

invitation n. invite v.

request require

- ite bite ; excite ;v. ; recite ;v. ;cite = quote ;

Unit 15

dormitory n ; dor. mi. tory; dorm=bedroom ;

recognize; recognise vt. to know againrecognition n.. ; ; ; realize ; recognized adj.apologize ;;

-ize

popularize modernize

surely ; certainly; of course; be supposed to

diamond n ; dia .m .ond

dial diagram dialogue

-ond fond adj. ;;pondwonder;wonderful;

gold silver

jewel jewllery;The man beyond the pond is fond of the second wonderful diamond.

dialect accent;dial

diamond wedding

diameter ;n radiusmeter;

explain ;vt.. ex-plain adj. n; -ain

rain brain train main

Chain grain pain contain

Spain again against

remain bargain n

; ;

g;

;

;

ball n.

-all

call fall hall small

tall wall ;shall swallow

allow valley volleyball

/

challenge call on

jewellery n jewel ;jew wellwell;

franc France French ;

continue v con . tin . ue

-ue

blue; trueclue; glue///

due ad. dialogue tongue language

lovely adj.

ly

friendly daily

monthly weekly

likely adv

precious adj. valuableappreciate ocean

-ous

dangerous curious ;poisonous ;serious ;

adventurous ;

-pos

positive ; active negative;

position ;n. ;appositive ;n opposite ;expose suppose possess owncomposition

attend; vt. ; at . tend

tend end;tender ;: gentle ;soft ; mild; attitude n. ;

attack; attract ;

earn vt. ; learn ;I heared that learned learners earned much by learning.

-ear- yearbear; dear; hear ; fear; tear; pearwear ;

I nearly fear to tear that tearful girl fearful paper;

lecture n ; speech

-(t)ure

picture temperature future;

silly adj.

ill ; stupid fool;clever; bright; wise

mosquito ;n. ;quite ;adv. ; mosco flies;

bat n. ;

-at

pat rat ;cat fat hat ;chat flat ;sat (sit) ;

author n ;writer

-or

editor visitor professor conductor;

operator ;

besides ; adv.&prep.

beside (be+side)

except: but;

outline n ; headline online

summary;

plot n.

lot potpotentialquality n.

quantity n. number;

character

nature; ; at cat;rat;chat;act;ear;art;car;care;cheat;hare are

Unite 16

experiment n. experi .ence n. experienced adj. expert n. specialistexpect v test lab laboratory

glove n love

glove love

-ove drove (drive)

move

remove v

prove improve

wove (weave) ;stove;

wave

gas n gasolinepetrol;feul;steam n

liquid n solid n

Three states of material liquid-solid-gas

advantage; n. ; ;

disadvantage n . ;;shortcoming;strongpoint;

advance n .& v. ;

adv+ant+age :adv. ant age

-age

page ; cage ; stage ; manage ;;manager; courage ; message ; wage ; garage passage n. ;villager;;

application n.

apply v. ;supply;

appear ; appearance n

applaud applause;

appreciate v ; engine n ;engine+ er ---engineer n ;pioneer;

-eng

length strength n English England

passenger n. compass

-ine

combine define

headline outline mine examine vitamine determine shine ine ;

nuclear adj.

nu + clear clear

I clearly heard the heart beat of the nuclear;

comfort v. com + for+t fort comfortable adj.fforth ffortnight

un+necessary

successful success + full:

necessary su . ccess

/e/ /i / /ks/ /z/

access ;excess ;

process ;assess

-ess

progress express impress prossess dress address

actressprincesspress success

conduct v. n

conductor

product introduce v

production introduction ;

produce v

productive;

lighting n

: storm thunderstorm

; ;

light \;

-ight

bright fight night sight

right flight n

tight adj. slightstable; steady;firm

string n

ring v

sing v ; single

single

rope thread line wire

clue n plot

charge vt. n accusein charge (of) in the charge ofin charge ; take charge be charged with be full ofbe filled withlarge adj. huge; tiny

electric adj. ;

elect v ; electricity n electronic adj. ; ;wire shock n ;shocked adj.

-ock

sock cock ; knock ; lock ;rock ; block ;

pocket ; ;

prove v ;

proof n ; roof;

-ove

glove n ;move ; remove ;improve ;

tear (tore , torn) v ; n

-ear

wear ; bear ;

dear; hear; swear;She sweard to her dear that she can't bear wearing tears.

frame n fame n famous adj.

_ ame

name same gameshame blame v

ham

handkerchief n.

hand chief handkerchiefs

chief roofpoof gulf scarf

control v. troll v.

trolley bus n.

limitcommand ;conduct; handle

sharp adj.

bright clever intelligent

Smart

foot feet

foot foot

inch miles

1 metre =39.37 inches =1.094 yard

1 kilomre =0.62137 miles

fast . en belt ;fast;tight adj.

tighten v. ; tie v. ;loosen ;unfasten ;uncover;discover; unfold;

sense n se se n

n\ ; n ();

test n & v ; exam examine;experiment ;check

contest ;test;

shampoo

shame ham ;skin n. ;peel ;

kin ; = relativesin ; ; ;falseerror

activist n. ; ;active adj. ;act n. ; ; ;

doubt n. ;wonder

b

question problem;

climb ; thumb ; ; dumb ;

cruel adj. ; cruelly advcruelty n ; kind;

view n ; opinion ;sight; scene ; scenery ;

attitude n ;

interview v ;review v preview v ;conclusion n conclude v ;result ; effect ; ;

beginning ; ;start ; outset

Unit 17

inspire v encourageadmire v respect envy jealous

-ire

fire tire retire

wire n. hire =employ

require entire

desire

generous adj. mean gene ene general The generous general' s genuine genius is in making generators..

-ous

dangerous poisonous

serious nutritious curious precious adventurous

cheerful adj. cheer n & v.

-eer

engineer pioneer n. beer deer champion n.

champagne shampoo : ham n championship pioneer n

mile ; foot (feet ) inch smile

smiles

s

stormy storm + y ;adj. ;storm n. ;thunder ;n. ; ;v. ;.

thunder storm ;n lighting ;n

n + y adj.

rainy ;cloudy ;sunny adj. ;funny adj. ;;injury adj. ;

threaten ;vt. ;eat;eaten;three;ate;tea;neat;ten;hen;hat;rat;heat;that;theatre;thread ;bottom ;n ;;

otto ; top

botany ;n. ; ;any;

optimistic adj. ;mist n . ; fog;misty adj. ;mistily adv. ;pessimistic adj. ;optimistic;

workday ; weekday ();

somehow adv ; anyhow adv. ;

shelter n. ;she

;; shell ;shellfish ;

:she sells sea shellon the sea shore. ;

regret n vt. g re ; gre ;extreme adj. ;

extremely adv. theme ;ex- tre e ; tree me;

climate n. ;cli-mate ; mate ;classmate

workmate ;material ;climb ;clinic ; n. \;

value ;n. ; ;v ;valuable adj.precious ;adj. ;

pianist n ; i an i ;piano ; ; boher vt. ; r- brother ;disturbtroubleinterrupt;;;

fame ;n ; adj. famous ; well-known;

-ame

game flame ; blame ;same shame n frame;

promise ;n&v promising adj. seeming to succeed have good resultmisery ;n

miserable adj.

pro upportingconsprobably problem

produce profession program project rejectpronounce pronunciation

-ise

surprise ;vt. rise vi. advise ; ;vt. ;wise adj. ;otherwise adv ;exercise ;revise ;previse = predicate ;

kindergarten adj. n ;

garden n. garden;

hardship n ;difficulty; pain;suffering;

-ship ;friendship ;scholarship ;relationship ;n ;

bear (bore borne) ;v

bear ;

(bore born). ,boring;

graduation n ;graduate v ; =finish schooling;;

-ate

state ; ; rate ;hate v. ; gate ;climate ;mate;congratulate ; celebrate graduate v n grade n ;; high school graduate gradually adv. '

Unit 18

fisherman n ; go fishing ;

-ish

wish English foolish

selfish ;

northeastern ;

-ern

northern;southern;western ; eastern;

northeastern; northwestern; outheaster; southwester;

great grandfathergreat grandmother;

central adj. ;

center n ;cent ; percent ;

-ent

recent ; comment ;accent ; current ;;accident ;ncident ;

absent present prevent content;

coast n coat boast ;

toast ;cheer

sur. round

round circle ;cycle

-ound

found ; sound ;pound ; wound ;

ground ; found pound ;sound surround ; The wounded founder bought a pound of compound.

sur-

surface ; surprise ; surname ; survive ; surrender ; surpass ;

mild ;adj. ;gentle; soft ;wild ; ;

bay ;n ; gulf ;

harbour

coast

beach ;

shore ;

oversea ;

-our -or

neighbour ; hour;

colour ; flour

humour ; favour

rumour ; vapour

labour ; four;

tour ; sour

pour ;

rat mouse (mice)

rat ;

-at

fat cat hat bat ;

pat flat

cat ;;cat; pat that fat rat and the fat bat with a hat;

volcano n ;can; ;

craterctreate ;

active volcano ;

extinct volcano ;

spring n sing ring

heat n. v. ;

eat ;hat n.;

surface surround

face surprise

settle vt. ;

settler ;

set: ; n ;cattle n ; s;

mainly

main adj ;

voyage n ;

(travel ; journey ; trip ; tour)

-age

message ; courage ;

cage ; ; wage ;

engage ; manage ;

front-page ;

passage ; cabbage ;baggage ; luggage; ;garage ;

average ; ; damage ;image ;

possession ;possess v ;

bold adj. ; ; ;

-old

told ; sold ; cold; hold ; gold

////

paragraph ;n ;

passage ;chapter ;telegraph telegram;

surprising;;surprised (sb.) ;

shocked;:shock amaze satisfy ; disappoint ; scare ; frighten; horror; terror;panic;alarm ;

secretary n ;secret adj. ;

-ary

library ;secondary ;dictionary ;

percent ;

century;

centigrade ;centimeter ;

center ;central ;

focus;grassland ;

mountain + ous----- mountainous adj. ;mount ;

Mount Emei

--tain

certain ;curtain

wedding n ;wdd ;marriage ;

conference n ;confidence ;confident adj. ;

relation ;relative ;relationship ;

agricultural adj. ;

culture ;cultural agri- ;industry ;farming ; ;cattle n ;cat ;settle ;

battle ; bottle

export n ;

ex- ; port ;

;import ;lamb ;b;

climb tomb;

cottage n ;cot ;cote ;

tag hide-and-seek ;

seaside \;seashore beach coast;camp v. ;lamp damp ;

Unit 19

protection n. ; conserve v.; protect;defence ; guard ;effect ; elect ;select ;

technique n ; skill method; technology technical adj.

irrigation n irrigate ;

irri- IRgate;

pump n. ; v. ;p p ;

seed

-eed weed need

seed weed need; weed ;

import

im + port ;export ;

trade ; business ;

production ;produce vt. ;product n ;introduction ;

depend = rely-reliable

independence n. independent adj ;

method n way means

me ; met ;

me .met

root ;roof ; foot ;

branch leaf leaves

: base basis

: stem;

insect n pest

protect select project; direct;collect////;

tobacco /;cigarette

cigar ;

golden adj. ;gold + en

wood + en wooden ;wool woolen ;

bold

tie n. v. ;

tire (tie) tired;

discovery n. findings;

dis + cover + y ;discover v. ;

garden n. ; v. ;guard;kindergarten ;gardening n. ;gardener n. ;

wisdom n. ;

wise adj. ;

-dom ;

freedom ;kingdom; ;

bottom ;blossombloom ;

practical adj. ; ;

practice n. ;practice v.

-al

Suitable national natural arrival chemical physical/////;

guide n. ;direct ;conduct;

firstly adv.

at first ; above ; all first of all ; ;

secondly thirdly;

sow seed ;row n saw n see;

condition n situation;;

soil n ; s + oil

oil;

weed v ;seed need; feed;

re + move ;

movie n ;I;

sun + flower n ; sunflower seeds;sunrise ; sunset sunbathe sunburn sunglass ;

Unit 20

humour = humor ;humourous adj. ;rumour n.

fun funny;-our= or honour;colour favour ;neighour labour n. ;

+ ous adj.

serious ; dangerous;curious mysterious ;generous poisonous;

bitter adj. ;bit ;sweet ; sour ;

switch witch n ;

chalk ;talk v

couple n ;

minister n ; mini - ; minibus;

circus n ;circle ;clown ;

intend vt. tend ;tender adj. ;gentle ;

stage n ; line ;

-age

manage;nationality ;

nation n ;national

inter . nation . al inte-view

certain adj. ;

certainly ;

surely; amuse vt. ;amaze v ;please ;amused pleased ;delight v delighted adj. ;

laughter n ;laugh + at v ;

-ough

Bought; brought; thought;caught;cough n ;plough v

enough adj. ;

accent n ;cent ;percent

Unit 20

access ;accept receive;accident n incident;according to ;

actually adj. ;actual adj. act n ;action adj. ;activity n ;

typical adj. ;type ;physical chemical;symbol n. ;

tradition n. ;traditional adj. ;trade n. business, commercial;

rapid adj. fast quick

rap ;

appreciate vt.

applaud applause n.cheer up;exist vi ;

survive v ;revive;

phrase n ;chase case ;base

idiom ;

suffer v ;refer vi ;prefer

experience ;operate vi ;opera ;

direction n ;

direct v ; ;

-ake

brake n v ; bake ;cake n ;lake quake ;earthquake ; mistake ;wake ; make;

cyclist n ;list

cycle ;bicycle ;recycle v. ;

fortunately adv. ;fortunate adj. = lucky; luck n. ;mis-fortunate = unlucky;fortune n. = luck ;

silence n. ;silent adj. ;quiet still ;

rude adj. ;polite ;impolite ; bad manners;

confuse vt. ;

refuse reject;puzzle ;confused ;

Unit 21

unfair ;air justjustice;fairly adv rather;

customer n ;custom n + s;avoid v contact v connect;suitcase n suitable; suit ;case n ;

ahead adv adj. ;head ahead of ;

manage ;man + age

manager ;fold gold; bold ;vary vt. change ; shift;

various adj. ;=all kinds of

very ;variety=diversity;crazy adj. ;lazy ;mad ; ;

part v. n ;depart ; ;apartment flat;apart;department ;

firm adj. tight; steady;stable strong;

handshake ;shake hands with ;

bow n. vi ; n. ;

arrow n. ; sparrow;fist n. boxing 'palm arm ;hip n. ;bend (bent) ; bent adj. ;endb;

tap ; pat ;rap ;

gently ;adj. gentle; gentleman ;

anger ; n. ;angry adj. ;danger ; dangerous ;

useless ;useful ;occur v. ;

occurrence n happen ; break out

focus middle ;concentration ;

specific adj. ;special ;abstract n summaryconcret;

Unit 22

amusement n. ;entertainment;amuse v. ;amaze v. ;souvenir n. ;Soviet ;

attraction n. ;attract v. ;attractive adj. ;

collection n. ;collect v. gather v.

castle n..;broadcast ;minority n . ;majority ;

cartoon n ;

car ;carrot ;cart ;

Humour; ; rumour; sofa

salad shampoo couch

thrill n ;;till ill ; hill ;;entertainment n ;

entertain v ;enter ;certain ;

curtain;educate v. ;

education n . ;educator ;product n.

conduct v . handle direct, operate, manage ;conductor n. ;

conservation n. ;conserve vt. =protect;serve vt. protect ;coastal ;coast n ; harbor ;beach shore ;

divide v ; ; dive;

e

connect contact touch

section n ;part region/ ;area; zone ;department shuttle n spaceship

shut ;

butterfly n ;butter

flies ;injury n.

injure v. hurt damagewound; harm

rocket n ;rock ;jacket ;helicopter n

carve v n carving ;;

figure;

achievement n. ;

achieve ; v. ache ; eve ;eve/

civilization n. ;civil adj. divide

Civilize; civilization;

prevent v. ;twist n. v. ;

twister ; imagine v. ;imagination n. ;endless limitless

darkness n. dark adj. ;

dawn ;

phrases and idiom

make a choice

keep up with

keep pace with

plenty of \a number of

roll up

dress up

in ones opinion ;

have faith in = believe in

play a trick on

to ones joy\delight

take in

call on

bring back

day and night

pay off

earn\make money

act out

a great deal of ()

test on try on

around the corner

die down ()

come to terms with

take possession of

make up

turn to

go sailing

go camping

depend on

and soon = etc

make fun of

make use of

date back to\from

be on good terms with

look on as \

regardas , consideras.think of as

ahead of in advance

get through

tear down pull down

hold up

make a face

in order = tidy

divide into

focuson

preventfrom ..., keep.from

stop from protect from

manage to try to do

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:

2013: 10

2010BI hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another shot because I'm in London. And my friend Mallery invited me. And because dinner parties in London are very different from those back in New York. There, 'Im having a dinner party' means: "I'm booking a table for 12 at a restaurant you can't afford and we'll be sharing the checque evenly, no matter what you eat." Worse, in Manhattan there is always someone who leaves before the bill arrives. They'll throw down cash, half of what they owe, and then people like me, who dont drink, end up paying even more. But if I try to use the same trick, the hostess will shout: "Where are you going?" And it's not like I can say I have somewhere to go: everyone know I have nowhere to go.

But in London, dinner parties are in people's homes.(,New Yorkers Self-centred.) Not only that, the guests are an interesting mix. The last time I went to one, the guests were from France, India. Denmark and Nigeria; it was like a gathering at the United Nations in New York. The mix is less striking. It's like a gathering at Bloomingdale's, a well-known department store.

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61. What does the writer dislike most about dinner parties in New York?

A There is a strange mix of people. B. The restaurants are expensive.

C. The bill is not fairly shared. D. People have to pay cash

63. What is the author's opinion of some New Yorkers from her experience

A. Easy-going. B. Self-centred. C. Generous. D. Conservative.

2012ESo far, efforts to cut emissionsof planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2 this century a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.

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60. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the worlds temperature?

A. It has risen nearly 0.2 since 1979.

B. Its change will lead to weather extremes.

C. It is 0.8 higher in 1979 than that of 1990.

D. It needs to be controlled within 2 in this century.

2012AThe seasons change just outside the door. We watch the maples turn every shade of yellow and red in the fall and note the poplarsputting out the first green leaves of spring. The rainbow smelt fills the local steam as the ice gradually disappears, and the wood frogs start to sing in pools after being frozen for the winter. A family of birds rules our skies and flies over the lake.

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43. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?

A. The change of seasons is easily felt.

B. The seasons make the scenes change.

C. The weather often changes in the forest.

D. The door is a good position to enjoy changing seasons.

2012CThe authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.

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55. What can we learn from the text?

A. Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart.

B. The EPA conducted many studies on air quality.

C. Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking,

D. Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made.

2012DFor those who make journeys across the world, the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villagesDistances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to village. Jet plane fly people from one end of the earth to the other, allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago.

Yet some people wonder if the revolution in travel has gone too far. A price has been paid, they say, for the conquest () of time and distance. Travel is something to be enjoyed, not endured (). The boat offers leisure and time enough to appreciate the ever-changing sights and sounds of a journey. A journey by train also has a special charm about it. Lakes and forests and wild, open plains sweeping past your carriage window create a grand view in which time and distance mean nothing. On board a plane, however, there is just the blank blue of the sky filling the narrow window of the airplane. The soft lighting, in-flight films and gentle music make up the only world you know, and the hours progress slowly.

Then there is the time spent being processed at a modern airport. People are conveyed like robots along walkways; baggage is weighed, tickets produced, examined and produced yet again before the passenger move again to another waiting area. Journeys by rail and sea take longer, yes, but the hours devoted to being processed at departure and arrival in airports are luckily absent. No wonder, then, that the modern high-speed trains are winning back passengers from the airlines.

Man, however, is now a world traveler and can not turn his back on the airplane. The working lives of too many people depend upon it; whole new industries have been built around its design and operation. The holiday maker, too, with limited time to spend, patiently endures the busy airports and limited space of the flight to gain those extra hours and even days, relaxing in the sun. speed controls peoples lives; time saved, in work or play, is the important thingor so we are told. Perhaps those first horsemen, riding free across the wild, open plains, were enjoying a better world than the one we know today. They could travel at will, and the clock was not their master.

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73.According to Paragraph3, passengers are turning back to modern high-speed trains because_____

A.they pay less for the tickets B.they feel safer during the travel

C.they can enjoy higher speed of travel D.they dont have to waste time being processed

75.What is the main idea of the passage?

A.Air travel benefits people and industries

B.Train Travel has some advantages over air travel

C.Great changes have taken place in modern travel.

D.The high speed of air travel is gained at a cost.

2013: 1790

9lead to (result in, bring about, cause)!

2012C

First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (). For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn't in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.

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51. From Paragraph 2 we can learn that________ .

A. violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime !

B. a small conflict can lead to violence

C. students tend to lose their temper easily

D. the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight !

2011Dour own generation has access to more nutritious food .more convenient transport .bigger houses, better ears .and of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us .This will continue as long as we there things to make other things, This more we specialize and exchange, the better off well be.

2) Brilliant advances

One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer-lived and freer than ener before is that the four most basie human needs -food, clothing, fuel and shelter- have grown a lot cheaper. Take one example. In 1800 a candle providing one hours light cost six hours work. In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes work to pay for. In 1950 it was eight seconds. Today its half second.

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65. The candle and lamp example is used to show that .

A. oil lamps give off more light than candles

B. shortening working time brings about a happier life.

C. advanced technology helps to produce better candles.

D. increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods.

10 Control (handle, deal with )!

2012D

Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they dont let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they dont blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred()moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.

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52. According to Paragraph 2, creators __________.

A. seem willing to experience failures in life B. possess the ability to predict future life

C. handle ups and downs of life wisely D. have potential to create something new

2012D

Last year, it was a refrigerator that tweeted. This year, its Wi-Fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.

The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application. The phone can then be used as a remote control, so the machines can be turned on and off while their owners is at work or on the bus.

Samsung says its not just something new the app connection actually has some practical uses.

If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out, you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when come home, so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go, said spokesperson Amy Schmidt.

The company also says that with electricity rate()varying depending on the time of day, more control over when the machines are used can help save money.

Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do enable laziness. Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.

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73. What can we learn about the new laundry machines?A. They can tell you when your clothes need washingB. They can be controlled with a smartphone C. They are difficult to operateD. They are sold at a low price

12miss (missing) ; lose (lost)!

2011A

There is sadly no home milk delivery today. Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete (). Besides, milk is for sale everywhere, and it may just not have been practiced to have a delivery service.

Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. 1 took it home and planted it on the back porch (). Every so often my son's friends will ask what it is. So I start telling stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk.

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59. Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?

A. He missed the good old days. B. He wanted to tell interesting stories.

C. He needed it for his milk bottles. D. He planted flowers in it.

2010A

Andy rode slowly on his way to school, day-dreaming about the fishing trip that his father had promised him. He was so busy dreaming about all the fish he would catch that he was unaware of everything else around him.

He rode along until a strange sound drew him to the present. He came to a stop and looked curiously up to the heavens. What he saw shocked and terrified him. A huge swarm of bees filled the sky like a black cloud and the buzzing mass seemed to be heading angrily towards him.

With no time to waste, Andy sped off in the opposite direction, riding furiouslybut without knowing how to escape the swarm. With a rapidly beating heart and his legs pumping furiously, he sped down the rough road. As the bees came closer, his panic increased. Andy knew that he was sensitive to bee stings(). The last sting had landed him in hospitaland that was only one bee sting! He had been forced to stay in bed for two whole days.

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56. Why did Andy fail to notice the swarm of bees earlier?

A. He was riding to school.

B. He was listening to a strange sound.

C. He was going fishing with his father.

D. He was lost in the thought of the fishing trip.

:

()

()

, 90%

!

2012B

Honey()from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees' nest()and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helpera little bird called a honey guide.

The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax () in the beehives (). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share.

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63. What can be the best title for the text?

A. Wild Bees B. Wax and Honey

C. Beekeeping in Africa D. Honey-Lover's Helper

:but, yet, however, instead,today,now,Although,so, therefore, thus, as a result, because(since,as,for), one of the reasons was, The results are

It was a village in India. The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy. After all , their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries.

Then one day, some visitors from the city arrived . They told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frogs legs. However, they did not have enough frogs of their own, and so they wanted to buy frogs from other places.

This seemed like money for nothing . There were millions of frogs in the fields around, and they were no use to the villagers. All they had to do was catch them . Agreement was reached, and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs. Every week a truck arrived to collect the catch and hand over the money. For the first time ,the people were able to dream of a better future. But the dream didnt last long.

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From Paragragh 1 we learn that the villagers .

A.worked very hard for centuries B.dreamed of having a better life

C.were poor but somewhat content D.lived a different life from their forefathers

2012D

Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced still swim as well as ever since. A man when he gets back who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star"remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.

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67. What is the main idea of paragraph 1?

A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.

B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.

C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.

D. Stories for children are easy to remember.

2012E

In his 1930 essay Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren , John Keynes, economist, rewrote that human needs fall into two classes: absolute needs ,which are indeed what other have , and relative needs ,which make us feel superior to our fellows. He thought although relative needs may indeed be insatiable () this is not true of absolute.

Keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending id decided by the super- iority He was greatly mistaken, however, in seeing this derive as the only source of demands

Decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the den almost all goods, including even basic goods like food. When a couple goes out for an dinner, for example, the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them. The goal is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals.

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75.The author of the passage argues that ______.

A. absolute needs have no limits

B. demands for quality are not insatiable

C. human desires influence ideas of quality

D. relative needs decide most of our spending

2012C

Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.

Previous studies have linked high exposure (to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problem, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of moderate (quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.

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53. The text mainly discusses the relationship between .

A. heart problems and air quality B. heart problems and exercising

C. heart problems and smoking D. heart problems and fatty food

13advertise!

2012BTop lists are lecturing people on everything from"100 books to read ". Aren't you just tired of being told what to do with your time?

Now you have a list to end all lists!

Take a look at the following two examples from the list of "101 things not to do":

Go to See the Mona Lisa?

There must be something about the mysterious()smile. The 6 million people who the lady in the Louvre every year cant all be wrong after all. But they can be quite and standing in front of you, holding up their cameras to prevent you from seeing anything. In fact hard for you to see the painting clearly because you have to stay away from it for security read. After queuing for hours, many tourists can remain in front of the painting only for 15 seconds most.

So, still long to see the Mona Lisa? If you want to find out more about the list, read 101 Tings NOT to Do Before You Die. Visit www.not2dobeforeidie.co.uk and buy the book at a 20 discount.

63. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To advertise a book B. To introduce a website

C. To comment on popular lists D. To recommend tourist activities.

17inform!

2012C

There will always be conflict in schools, but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence. After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to Educators for Social Responsibility, "64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation; and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves". Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends,. teachers. parents, bosses, and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.

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54. The writers purpose for writing this article is to_______.

A. complain about problems in school education

B. teach students different strategies for school life

C. advocate teaching conflict management in schools

D. inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence Butviolence

18report!

2012IIDADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia - One of the world's most famous fossils () - the 3.2 million-year-old Lucy skeleton ( ) unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974 - will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States, officials said Tuesday. Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice.

The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital. Addis Ababa is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom. A team from the Museum of National Service in to U.S. tour. Texas spent four years disscusing with the Ethiopians for the U.S. tour. Which will start in Houston next September.

"Ethiopia's rich culture of both the past and today, is one of the best kept secrets in the world,"said Joel Bartsch, director of the Houston museum.

The six-year tour will also go to Washington, New York. Denver and Chicago. Officials said six other U.S. cities may be on the tour. But they said plans had not yet been worked out.

Traveling with Lucy will be 190 other fossils.

Lucy, her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery, is part of the skeleton of what was once a 3-foot-ball ape-man ().

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53. The author writes this text mainly to _ _.

A. introduce a few U.S. museums B. describe some research work

C. discuss the value of an ape-man D. report a coming event

9

Tannis enduring success had been part motivation(), part preparation, The training I do that enables me to be a good sprinter() enables me to be good at a marathon too. I train 50 weeks of the year and that keeps me prepared for whatever distance I want to race. I am still competing at a very high lever, but as I get older things get harder and I want to retire before I fall apart.

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58. The underlined word that in the 5th paragraph refers to _______.

A C

A. fifty weeks training B. being a good sprinter

C. training almost every day D. part motivation and part preparation

3

2012B

At exactly eleven Sir Percival knocked and entered, with anxiety and worry in every line of his face. This meeting would decide his future lifeand he obviously knew it.

"You may wonder, Sir Percival, said Laura calmly, if I am going to ask to be released (from my promise to marry you. I am not going to ask this. I respect my father's wishes too much. His face relaxed a little, but one of his feet kept beating the carpet.

"No, if we are going to withdraw.(from our planned marriage, it will be because of your wish, not mine.

Mine? he said in great surprise. What reason could I have for withdrawing?

"A reason that is very hard to tell you," she answered. "There is a change in me.

His face went so pale that even his lips lost their color. He turned his head to one side.

"What change?" he asked, trying to appear calm.

When the promise was made two years ago, she said, my love did not belong to anyone. Will you forgive me, Sir Percival, if I tell you that it now belongs to another person?

I wish you to understand, Laura continued, that I will never see this person again, and that if you leave me, you only allow mc to remain a single woman for the rest of my life. All I ask is that you forgive mc and keep my secret."

I will do both those things, he said. Then he looked at Laura, as if he was waiting to hear more. "I think I have said enough to give you reason to withdraw from our marriage, she added quietly. No. You have said enough to make it the dearest wish of my life to marry you, he said.

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61.We can learn from the passage that .

A.Laura had once promised to marry Percival

B.Laura's father wished to end her marriage

C.Percival had been married to Laura for two years

D.Percival asked to be released from the marriage

5,,,,,,BBC,(XINHUA NET),,news!

2012C

If Confuciuswere still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles.Hed need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.

While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. Its nothing personal. Most Americans dont even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.

But this doesnt mean that Americans dont care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.

In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art, history and philosophy.Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Westerners philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.

So the old thinkers ideas are still alive and well.

Today China attracts the