chapter two 第二章 后元音 back vowels: / ɑ : / / ɔ / / ɔ : / / u / / u: / time: 2 periods
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter TwoChapter Two第二章第二章
后元音后元音Back Vowels: Back Vowels: /ɑ: / / / / : / / u / / u: /ɔ ɔ/ɑ: / / / / : / / u / / u: /ɔ ɔ
Time: 2 periodsTime: 2 periods
Chapter TwoChapter Two第二章第二章
后元音后元音Back Vowels: Back Vowels: /ɑ: / / / / : / / u / / u: /ɔ ɔ/ɑ: / / / / : / / u / / u: /ɔ ɔ
Time: 2 periodsTime: 2 periods
Warming-up Exercise
Please read the following phrases in falling tone and rising tone, pay attention to the words containing /ɑ:/ /ɔ/ /ɔ:/ /u/ & /u:/ sounds.
Warming-up Exercise/ɑ:/ a fast car / a large shark / a starved artist/ɔ/ socks and stockings / borrow a novel / clocks and watches/ɔ:/ more and more / on the fourth floor / a short story/u/ look for the cook / woolen socks / stood in the foot/u:/ a new rule / useful tools / stoop by a cool pool
/ɑ:/ /ɔ/ /ɔ:/ /u/ /u:/
There are five back vowels:/ɑ:/ /ɔ/ /ɔ:/ /u/ /u:/
For all of them the tip of tongue is withdrawn towards the soft palate, lip-rounding plays an important part in producing all the back vowels except for /ɑ:/
/ɑ:/
The tongue is held very low. The mouth is opened with no lip-rounding. The sound is like the exclamation “Ah”.
/ɑ:/ is usually read in the following letter or combine letters: a ar al au
plant glass class fast basketstar park car parcel hardcalm half palm (l is silent)aunt laugh
Phrases & Sentencesa fast car a starved artista laugh star a starry March nighthalf past nine
The dancing part stopped at half past five.
Arthur didn’t pass the art exam. He laughs best who laughs last. A large army marched past the grassland.
/ɔ/
The sound is made with open jaws and slight open lip-rounding, the back of the tongue is kept very low and far back.
/ / is usually read in the followiɔng letters or combined letters: o a ou au
cop lock hot clock novel
want what was watch quality
cough troughbecause sausage Austria Australia
Phrases & Sentences
clocks and watches cotton socksborrow a novel wash the mopcost a lot watch that small
fox
John has got a pot of hot water. Lots and lots of clocks and watches
has gone wrong. The robber’s name is Robert.
/ :/ is usually read in the following ɔcombined letters: aw or au ar al ore oor oar our ough augh
saw jaw law yawn drawhorse born cord swordcause fault warfall all salt talktore before more board doorfour fought taught daughter
Phrases & Sentencesmore score short storieswalk across the lawn morning news
reportforty horses to put more salt
Your four daughters are all very tall.The reporter gave an important talk in the
auditorium.You ought to do what the doctor ordered.
Comparison Between /ɑ:/ & /ɔ/ and /ɔ:/ & /ɔ/
/ɑ:/ /ɔ/ /ɔ:/ /ɔ/dark 黑 dock 码头 cork 软木 cock 公鸡guard 看守
god 神 short 短 shot 射击
sharp 锋利 shop 商店 chalk 粉笔
chock 垫块
heart 心脏 hot 热 cord 粗浅 cod 鳕鱼
After-class assignments
Review and memorize the words, phrases, sentences in class.
Make sentences containing back vowels /ɑ:/ / ɔ / / ɔ: /.
Listen to the tapes and practice the three back vowels /ɑ: / / ɔ / / ɔ: /.
Warning-up exercise
/u/ look for the cook / woolen socks / stood in the foot
/u:/ a new rule / useful tools / stoop by a cool pool
/u/ is usually read in the following letters or combined letters: u o oo ou
put full sugar bull push butcher
wolf woman bosom togood stood wood foot soot (before t and d in the words)
book cook hook look took shook(before k in the words)
could should would
Phrases & Sentenceslook for the cook push aside the butchera good-looking woman took the bookcook the soup put the sugar in the bottle
The cook understood the sugar was no good.He took a book to the wood and had a good
look at it.The woman couldn’t push the cart full of
wood.
/u:/
The back of the tongue is raised the highest. This sound is the most tense and most lip-rounded of the back vowels.
/u:/ is usually read in the following letters and combined letters: o u oo ou ue ew oe
do who move loseJune rude Susantoo food soon moon spoonyou group soup throughglue true bluechew juice shoe