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A Guide to uNCtAd

teChNiCAl CooperAtioN

U n i t e d n a t i o n s C o n f e r e n C e o n t r a d e a n d d e v e l o p m e n t

Building Capacity on Trade and Development since 1964

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2/63New York and Geneva, 2011

U n i t e d n a t i o n s C o n f e r e n C e o n t r a d e a n d d e v e l o p m e n t

A Guide to uNCtAdteChNiCAl CooperAtioN

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unctad/dom/2009/2

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U chc c c, UnCtad c

h h g cu, wh c bg h

h cu (ldC) cu wh h g .UnCtad chc c c gc chg h

bjc u h acc acc by UnCtad Xii, h acc

(Gh) a 2008.

a h c wh h U n y h g

u h c, chgy,

, ub , UnCtad h u u-

uy cy h, cug hugh chc c c.

UnCtad chc c c u h wh h gc h

- chc c, cc wh h c -

, x, c g. i y chc

c c, UnCtad c c wh , -

cu, b h U n Ch excu B (CeB) i-agcy

Cu t puc Ccy.

th CeB Cu t puc Ccy w bh 2007 y

u cbug h U n y-w

chc.1 sc h, h b c j ch c-

chc c c , u h h UnCtad,

by b g cu ug c, yg,

qucg c.

th hu UnCtad chc c ccy h wg

wk, y:

Sustainable economic development and poverty reduction;

Trade; and

Enhancing the enabling environment to strengthen productive capacity, trade

.

1 For more information refer to UN-CEB Inter-Agency Cluster on Trade and Productive Capacity -DeliveringAIDFORTRADE. United Nations. September 2009 and www.unsystemceb.org, www.undg.org andwww.unctad.org.

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CONTENTS

iNtroduCtioN.

objeCtive ANd ChArACteristiCs

of teChNiCAl CooperAtioN iN uNCtAd ................1

a. objc ........................................................................................ 2

B. fu ......................................................................................... 3

C. Wh h y jc? ....................................... 4

d. Wh h bc? ............................................................. 6

e. Hw chc c ? ...................................... 8

f. Wh h uc c ? ............................................ 9G. Wh UnCtad ? ............................................ 11

H. Hw qu chc c ......................................... 13

a c g chc

c UnCtad ..................................................................... 14

pArt i.iNterNAtioNAltrAde iN Goods ANd serviCes ...........................15

a. t y ch ....................................................... 16

B. t g cc cy ........................... 18

C. t, ......................................... 19

d. C cu c ............................................ 22

pArt ii. iNvestmeNt ANd

eNterprise developmeNt .................................25

a. t, c c fdi tnC c .... 26

B. i c, c ................................ 27

C. e ............................................................... 30

d. C cy, ccug uc ................... 32

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A Guide to uNCtAd teChNiCAl CooperAtioN

pArt iii. trAde fACilitAtioN, humAN CApACity

developmeNt, sCieNCe, iNformAtioN

ANd CommuNiCAtioN ..........................................35

a. t gc ............................................................................... 36

B. Bug ccy hugh hu uc ......... 37

C. scc, chgy ................. 40

d. i cuc chg

h cy. ...................................................... 42

pArt iv. debt mANAGemeNt the dmfAs proGrAmme .....................................45

pArt v.AfriCA, leAst developed CouNtries,

lANdloCked developiNG CouNtries,

ANd smAll islANd developiNG stAtes ............49

pArt vi. Commodities .....................................................53

pArt vii. uNCtAd AssistANCe to the

pAlestiNiAN people ..........................................55

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introductionobjective and

characteristics

of technicalcooperation in unctad

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2 A Guide to uNCtAd teChNiCAl CooperAtioN

A. Objective

th bjc UnCtad chc c g cu

g h gb cy by hcg h ccy h cc h w cy, cuy , c

.

th :

Helping developing countries to better understand their economic problems

and to find tailor made solutions;

Enhancing the human and institutional capacities in developing countries for

u h c c an environment conducive to sustainable development; and

Enabling developing countries to become effective negotiators in the fields of

, c , w h h

h u h g.

UnCtad ccy k hcg g cu

gu ccy u, u h-gw c

for (a) the development and diversification of their domestic productive sector;(b) h g c gg

strategies; and (c) the development of trade support services, within the framework of

h g kg ccu h g cc .

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3INTRODUCTION : objective and characteristics of technical cooperation in unctad

B. Features

th h UnCtad h ch yc wk h c,

h g b wk cu-bug, chc c-. thy gc wh hy .

tchc c wk UnCtad c w g u. i

c u cy- yc wk h b

wk g chy. th wk bg uk y hugh

h chc c jc u cy

y, hu uc ccy-bug u ccy-bug,

w ccy.

n cc gc () ug c h cy guy/

legislative frameworks for the management of the economy; (b) the capacity for

the implementation of policies, regulations, and laws; and (c) the establishment of

u h c uch c, gu, w.

tchc c wk UnCtad y j h c

cc gc bcy cu, :

Provides policy advice and assistance for formulation of policies, laws and

regulations;

Implements programmes and projects for the establishment and or

u u c

such policies, laws and regulations; and

Provides training programmes in the context of implementing capacity-creat-

g ccy-g jc g h u u -

c c w.

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C. What are the different types of projects?

s 260 jc cuy bg h 100 cu, wh

u xu bu $38 , c y hugh xbugyuc.

tchc c c c u h b cc cuy,

ubg, g g jc:

Country projects address specific needs and requests from individual countries.

ty, hy c h cuy , h h

bug u b c g

u by u b , by wg by g c u. a h cuy , UnCtad

b h CeB i-gcy Cu t

puc Ccy j c g

uc c. th Cu cbu h uc

uc c cy u h o U

Nations pilots and in all United Nations -wide country level plans;

Subregional and regional projects provide technical assistance to groups of

cu, kg c ubg g cc.thy uuy h cc qu gu cu, uch

cc c gug, , y, wg qu

from the Conference or the Trade and Development Board;

Interregional projects provide a standard service to all participating countries.

thy cu h jc h yc u, g

bu UnCtad cy ch y. thy

cc qu cu, w h

UnCtad c cc g qu.

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Chart 1: Technical cooperation expenditures, by type of project, 2009

Interregional 45%

Country 42%Regional 13 %

Interre ional 45%

Count

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D. Who are the beneficiaries?

th u g h u bcy ccy-bug chc

c g.

th g cy k h u cuy cy,

c hy cu, uc c ubc xu.

G h c bc UnCtad chc c

c.

th c b g cu c ,

uy hugh g gz, uch g

ubg gug. py g cu (ldC). th bc uuy c h g .

pc g hu uc c c by h cu

cc cu wh h UnCtad c.

thugh h g, u c, bh ubc ,

cu u-z (sme), c b uu

UnCtad jc.

thu, h c, kh, gu b , cu, wkh

u u, whch h h h b ug hw g

h h gb cy.

ig h c chc c c h h

bu cuy w u

, w g u, w hc h

cy gu.

n wh cy ug kh c

h g ccy-bug g. th

g h h wh cg c x g cu

gg c: wh c by bc h

y.

ac b UnCtad chc c c, cuy

bu xcuy h vu iu t d. s

UnCtad c gg c cy uuy gz

c c wh h uh.

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E. How is technical cooperation delivered?

tchc c h wk h UnCtad tchc

C sgy by h t d B ocb2003 (TD/B/50/7TD/B/WP/167; Capacity development TD/B/50/9TD/B/WP/168,

wb www.uc.g). th sgy hcg h UnCtad

chc c h cx h mu d G (mdG)

w cg h ccy h hu h

. th sgy c uh z UnCtad chc

c u hc cy k h yc wk h

c. th sgy cug c h wh h

gz gc c wh g gz ccy. i hz bc wh h - c

chc c. i g y c u h ldC

g cu wh h g .

th g jc wy h h u

cuy() .

th y chc c :

Policy and technical advisory services;

In-depth policy reviews of particular subjects (e.g. investment, trade, science,

technology and innovation);

Training courses, seminars, simulation exercises, workshops or symposia on

specific issues;

Computer-based technical cooperation packages involving the installation of

management information systems and advice on how to use them; and

Supply of trade- and investment-related data.

mch h h c chc c -

c, whch bg c UnCtad jc, w cuu

h y y c.

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F. Where do the resources come from?

UnCtad chc c c c h uc:

h U n d pg (Undp), u u h Un gu g bug.

Undp h g b gc ug UnCtad - chc

c. i w h uc ug UnCtad chc

c c. i cuy u 4 c UnCtad chc

c c.

tu u cbu uy b by u :

g, u c u, h c u u.

tu u cbu h gw y h w y, cuy

u h 90 c UnCtad chc c g.

th j uc UnCtad u u g. d cu

uc cg UnCtad u u. th c b

:

au, C, f, fc, Gy, iy, i, luxbug, h nh,

nwy, s, sw, swz, h U Kg h U s.

th eu C j uc u ub UnCtad

g.

th UNCTAD Trust Fund for LDCs, bh 1996 UnCtad iX, cy

g g g wh h cu wh h g . i

c w ww: Ww i c u-k cbu whch c bu y cy g u ldC, wh Ww ii c k

cbu y cc cy h UnCtad wk.

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dg cu cg h cbu UnCtad chc

c c, ug bu qu cbu u

u. th cbu k h h:

General-purpose contributions for the benefit of other developing countries; or

Self-financing arrangements involving the provision of specified services

(.g. cu z b g) by UnCtad h

cu.

such c uuy c g h W Bk h

g bk.

i h cx c g g cu,UNCTAD encourages triangular cooperation, which involves the provision of

chc c h bcy cuy by h g cuy, ug

c by h cuy.

th U n gu g bug u UnCtad chc

cooperation activities under interregional advisory services and the development

account. This source currently represents about 5 per cent of the total expenditures

UnCtad c.

Chart 3: Origin of trust fund contributions, 2009 (Percentage of total contributions)

Developed countries

45.7%

Other multilateral

9.6%

Other

contributions

2.6%European Commission

8.7%

Developing countries

and economies in transiton

33.4%

Developed countries

oping countries

ies in transiton

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G. Who are UNCTADs main partners?

UnCtad h c wh h U n h g

v u h , c, v,chgy ub v.

Hwv, h cxy h u cc h cvg h h

v by h y g gz. Cquy,

UnCtad k v cv cbu chc c

cv by kg c c wh h gz .

thu, wh h cv cug y , c

by UnCtad bh c c c wh v c, uch h v c, -gv gz (nGo),

cc u, g g gug vg cu,

b , w h Un cz gc. such c

k h j g jc, g, hc k

c h k.

UnCtad h U n y-w chc. a , h

CeB Cu t pucv Ccy w bh 2007, y

u cbug h U n y-w chc.th j cu h cu u h h u ucv

capacity are adequately taken into account in the Delivering as One process.

Delivering as One is an initiative of the United Nations system-wide coherence.

th v vv c ch ch by U n

gc h cuy v.

th Cu h xb - bh. th cu b h

cu :

UnCtad, h U n iu dv ogz (Unido), h f

agcuu ogz h U n (fao), h i t

C UnCtad/Wto (itC), h W t ogz (Wto), Undp, h U

n ev pg (Unep), h i lbu ogz

(ilo), h U n C i t lw (UnCitral), h

v U n g c, .. h ecc C ac

(eCa), h ecc C eu (eCe), h ecc C

l ac h Cbb (eClaC), h ecc sc C

a h pcc (esCap), h ecc sc C W a

(esCWa) h U n oc pjc svc (Unops).

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Undp cu b . a UnCtadUndp mu

Ug ccu 2009 k bh w wkg wk bw

h w gz.

UnCtad cbu U n gg xc h cuy v,

cug h cx h C Cuy a (CCa) h U

n dv ac fwk (Undaf), cuc u h uc

h U n r C cu wh h uh.

th CCa Undaf b h U n gc v ch

ch h cuy v h v v cuy ,

cuv wh g h vv c gc, ccc

wh .

C c bw b h Cu h U n gc

CCa Undaf g g ygy c. th c

u chvg h mdG g h vy uc

g.

UnCtad wk cy wh h i my fu (imf) b

g, cu , , k g,

v, h W Bk cc g cu - chc

c cv.UnCtad x h gc y h imf, itC, Undp, Unido,

h W Bk Wto h ehc ig fwk t-

r tchc ac l dv Cu (eif). th g

h h ldC g h w cy hugh cv

c h u g y, ccy bug hu uc,

hc uy cc v x cv.

UnCtad, c c wh h c gc, yg cv h

h wk. a UnCtad chc c cv ldC uv c h ig fwk.

UnCtad k bh c k wh h v c ccy

wh nGo.

nGo c u-g , hy c cbu h

chc c g, y cy c c, bu ,

especially, technically, as they can help to design and implement those programmes.

oh gz wk cy wh UnCtad cc u chc c.

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H. How to request technical cooperation

a s b UnCtad g u whg b chc

c h UnCtad c hu ub qu wg, wh c h u c h c qu.

th qu hu b :

Technical Cooperation Service

UnCtad

p n

CH-1211 G 10

swz

t.: +41 22 917 5594

fx: + 41 22 917 0043

e-m: [email protected]

Wb: h://www.uc.g

rqu y b hugh h U n r

C c.th UnCtad c w, cu wh h qug bcy, c

g c-g c h

c. oc h h cy h b , UnCtad w,

c wh h bcy, k cu h c uc cy

g h jc.

th u chc c, w u--

ubc, chc c c b, UnCtad g,

c b u h UnCtad wb www.uc.g chc c.

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Areas of activities and main programmes oftechnical cooperation of UNCTAD

UnCtad chc c g jc c u cy, wh , c, , ,

c chgy bg g h . th ch

c h jc g uk by UnCtad.

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iNterNAtioNAl trAde

iN Goods ANd serviCe

part i

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17PART I. international trade in goods and services

Explore the range of data collection options, such as web-based portal and

uy-b uy, u h w cc xz h

coverage;

Identify and suggest possible options to increase accuracy and maintaining

uch cx b.

sc cu cv by h jc. th jc hu b h

bckb ubqu gb u-gcy h u cc,

cc, quc v c ntm h uu

g.

th wg y c uk yc b:

Coordination of the Multi-Agency Support Team (MAST) work regarding the

definition, classification, collection and quantification of NTMs;

National and regional demonstration sessions for available analytical tools

and modelling results on NTMs;

Training activities at national and regional focal points (ALADI, Andean

Cuy, h C mk e suh ac (Comesa),

h suh ac d Cuy (sadC)), w U

Nations regional commissions on the use of the TRAINS database;

Advisory services supporting developing countries assessment of trade

negotiations, including nonagricultural market access negotiations; and

Organization of workshops and intensive training courses for delegates to the

Wto UnCtad.

rgg cy- u, j bjc h y

cy u chc c c gz

by UnCtad, h gz (Wto, W Bk, ogz ecc C d (oeCd), fao, c.) c cy

gz (c u, hk k h ch u).

III. Enhancing the participation of developing countries in dynamics and newsectors of international trade

th u h g hc h uy ccy g

cu cu wh c yc w c

, hugh , wkg hg.

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th g w h - h h wg bjc

c:

Improve understanding and dissemination of successful experiences to buildw cc uc x yc w uc

services;

Conduct diagnostic studies, including training packages, to assess economic

by g cu bk uc cc

dynamic and new sectors;

Organize national/regional workshops to provide training and to establish

knowledge and information sharing networks;

Help formulate national/regional strategies to improve competitive supply

ccy, , k u c c

measures for individual sectors;

Provide follow-up technical support to governments and private sector in the

preparation of implementation strategies;

Establish effective publicprivate knowledge networks and partnerships to

g g y x yc

new sectors of world trade;

Organize conferences/workshops to strengthen networks among various pub-

c- kwg h.

B. Trade negotiations and commercial diplomacy

UnCtad - chc c ccy-bug

c h h bc g g cu, cyldC, h g y, g

u g y uc. th cu c

g g h u h g y

c, ug c y

y uc, g - cc. Ky u

b cu c , suhsuh ,

Wto cc, c, t-r ac icu py

rgh (trips) , bchk ( c),

y, g. th c bw h u g

y g g ky cu. UnCtad h

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g cu cu wh c bh h

w gg h ccy g b,

g u g.

su hugh ccy-bug, y c, wkh

g g cu, cy ldC, cu wh

c bug hu, u guy cc.

ac cu:

Assistance to developing countries and countries with economies in transition in

h cc h Wto (h g vv c , ug

and after accession);

Capacity-building activities, involving collaboration with the private sector, for theghg cykg vc

services;

Assistance with regional trade negotiations among developing countries and

between them and developed countries;

Assistance in improving the utilization of the Generalized System of Preferences

schemes and other preferential trade arrangements;

Commercial diplomacy training activities on trade negotiations;

Training activities on trade-related dispute settlement mechanisms;

Support to cross-divisional activities such as inputs to the Enhanced Integrated

Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to LDCs; and participation in

h UnCtad g cu h Ky iu h i ecc

Agenda under paragraph 166 of the UNCTAD X Plan of Action;

Tchc bckg u h g c u h cx

h Gb sy t pc (Gstp) C pc, w c g h Gstp h g

ubc.

C. Trade, environment and development

UnCtad gg b g wk ghg h cc

g cu, cy ldC, k

c uuy u gu by - ch. th

chg g- bjc UnCtad chc c ccy-

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bug g , hc h

cc g cu y h u h

h , g c wh h

. i , UnCtad cc ch g cc b chc c c

g wk, g y-y uc.

tchc c ccy-bug c ,

cu ub y ubjc:

Market access issues, including environmental requirements and export com-

, w g u y b

products;

Trade liberalization in environmental goods and services (EGS);

Protection and sustainable use of biodiversity and traditional knowledge;

Various technical cooperation activities carried out under the UNEP-UNCTAD

Capacity-Building Task Force on Trade, Environment and Development (CBTF);

Assisting developing countries in seizing the trade and investment opportunities

of the emerging climate regime and carbon market;

Activities by the International Task Force on Harmonization and Equivalence ogc agcuu (itf) uch by UnCtad, fao h i

Federation of Organic Agricultural Movements (IFOAM);

The Consultative Task Force on Environmental Requirements and Market

Access for Developing Countries (CTF);

Building Capacity for Improved Policymaking and Negotiation on Key Trade

and Environment Issues;

Activities and partnerships carried out in the context of the BioTrade Initiative atnational, regional and subregional level;

Activities and partnerships carried out in the context of the Climate Change

pg.

UnCtad t, e d Wb3 ccy-bug

, ch uc h u

g cu.

3 www.unctad.org/trade_env.

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i h g c cb b, UnCtad h

cz g :

I. The BioTrade Initiative4

th ug by-b uc

cu ub wh h h

bjc h C By (CBd):

(a) Conservation of biological diversity;

(b) Sustainable use of its components;

(c) f qub hg h b g h uz gc

uc.

th i cb cy wh u c, cug g, h

c, nGo, c gu cu, c,

u g h hc h cby g cu uc

u- uc c by bh c

k.

th Bt i c h cy c:

Country and regional programmes; Policy development and trade facilitation; and

Internet services.

II. Climate change programme5

UnCtad wk c chg cu h c

h gg c g cb k, wh cu h

u b g cu. i u h bh

ubc g cu, cuy ldC

cu wh c , c xz

h ub b h C d mch (Cdm),

one of the flexibility mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations

fwk C C Chg (UnfCCC). th bjc

g cu c h gg cb k hugh

h u c chg by bgg gh G, uy

c cy.

4 www.biotrade.org.5 www.unctad.org/ghg.

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D. Competition and consumer policies6

UnCtad chc c ccy-bug c c cu c c g g cu, cy ldC,

w c , ug g c c

g, cbug h bug u ccy,

g g c u wh b ug

c w c, ug g c. UnCtad

chc c , ,

c cu c c

g. such c cbu b ug h u

h bug u ccy c c

c g. such c hugh g y

, wkh.

th y chc c c c b cb w:

Provision of information about anti-competitive practices, their existence and

b c h cy. th y uy h

practices in a specific country;

Introductory seminars directed at a wide audience, including government

officials and academics, as well as business and consumer-oriented circles;

Assistance to States or regional organizations which are in the process of

g c g h uch

legislation in other countries or advice on drafting;

Advisory services for setting up competition authorities, and enforcement of

c c. th uuy cu g c b

h cu c -c cc y gwkh / -h-jb g wh c uh cu

having experience in the field of competition;

Seminars for States that have already adopted competition legislation, have

xc h c -c cc wh c h

c g cu ch h cc

cases and exchange information;

6 www.unctad.org/en/subsites/cpolicy.

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Voluntary peer review of competition law and policy and their enforcement

u cu, cug c w-u c

on the recommendations of peer review;

Assistance to States or regional organizations that wish to revise their competition

g k x c c uh h s,

so as to amend their laws in the most effective manner possible; and

Assistance to developing countries, including the LDCs as well as economies

, wh w hg h b u h c

u cu c u.

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iNvestmeNt ANdeNterprise

developmeNt

part ii

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UnCtad, wh h U n y, h c wh g c (fdi). th

bjc wk bu uc cc hc

c hugh .

A. Trends, impact and policies related to FDI andTNC activities

I. World Investment Report7

sc 1991, h W i r () u-- ch

data on issues pertaining to FDI and transnational corporations (TNCs); (b) analysestrends and development in FDI; (c) examines the implications of activities by TNCs

related to these trends; and (d) assesses international and national policy issues of

c g cu. th W i r ky u

h cyk h ug gg fdi- u

cy c , u, hc h by

u fdi c h w cbu h bjc. UnCtad

chc c h h :

Providing analytical and technical expertise for policymakers on mattersrelated to FDI through the preparation of the World Investment Report;

Contributing to capacity-building in developing countries through peer review

mechanisms and organization of workshops; and

Enhancing the impact of the Report by facilitating the dissemination of its

u cy c hugh w-u c, cug

wkh, h wh cyk, hby cg

h ug ky u h c fdi

.

II. Capacity-building in FDI statistics8

th ck , b y fdi tnC c h

uc ccy y uch h b cg

fdi ub g cu (cuy ldC).

7 www.unctad.org/wir.8 www.unctad.org/fdistatistics.

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27PART II. investment and enterprise development

i hu h kg c ug

c fdi. th, UnCtad cg fdi w h

cu, by ug fdi c b quy fdi ,

tnC g h g h cuy. m ccy h c :

Enhancing the capacity of government agencies in developing countries to

c, y fdi tnC c hugh

implementing internationally recommended methodological standards;

Enabling national authorities to maintain high-quality and up-to-date

databases;

Enhancing the capacity of national authorities in analysing data on FDI and

activities of TNCs and in assessing their impact on the economy;

Strengthening networking among national authorities involved in FDI data

c g, fdi cy u

activities, so as to facilitate the exchange of experiences;

Strengthening the regional cooperation through interregional FDI and

hz fdi , whch cu b u h b

whch h g gu b u g

fdi.

III. FDI in tourism and development

ac h g y h w

cyk g c h b u h bjc

g h u c.

B. Investment policies, treaties and facilitationUnCtad y cgz c xcc g -

. i x-b c -

gh h hu u cc cu c

b .

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I. International investment agreements9

th g (iia) wk g h c

h U n y iia h u c h ug u iia h

, cug wh c s u u. tchc

c c hg g cu c cy

b u-g . B ch wk (

g cyk, iia b) uh by

g b, h wg c c u:

Training and capacity-building courses and workshops: regional training

cu, c by c-g cu, h g iia h g s u , -

workshops on key issues on IIAs;

Ad hoc advisory services for requesting countries on the review of IIAs,

u / z g wk,

State dispute settlement and prevention policies;

Technical meetings in cooperation with other organizations and contributions

cc cc .

II. Investment policy reviews and follow-up programmes10

th cy w (ipr) g, uch 1999,

bjc u h cy, guy u

fdi c g c

xz h b c w .

th ipr u-h g h wh cuy-cc u

y , whch ug chc w g w h . th c cu

wh chc c c u bcy cu g

c cy c.

th g h h gc c gg cu g

kh bg h c uh

h hgh h c c.

9 www.unctad.org/iia.10 www.unctad.org/ipr.

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III. Investment facilitation

UnCtad g cu ghg h ccy c

g h cy u wk cg g g g g c whch fdi

bu c h. ac cu h wg :

The investment advisory series: pragmatic publications including toolkits

hbk, g wh u

facilitation, and the work of investment promotion agencies;

Advisory services on investment promotion and retention strategies, effective

cy ccy, h g c c

services;

Capacity-building workshops based on UNCTADs advisory and analytical

wk. th g c gz h g ,

c wh gz, cug h W ac

of Investment Promotion Agencies;

Organization of biennial World Investment Forum as well as other international

g wkg .

IV. Other investment-related programmes

Best practices in investment for development: The objective of this work is to

cu ccb cc cy xc h

c h gu cy kg g c.

Intellectual property and development: UNCTAD is mandated to examine the

cu y gh. i h cx, :

() Cuc ch y h c intellectual property rights;

(b) a qug cu cu y

frameworks in light of their development needs; and

(c) Bu ccy g cc u c

hcuc uy cc, wh c cu ubc

hh bjc.

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Investment guides and i-portals: These tools are jointly produced by UNCTAD

h i Chb Cc (iCC). th gu

cu h cu b ch

u, guy wk gbu . i- cu-b cy h

wh cuy

c u. i

gc ckg hugh h c.

C. Enterprise development

UnCtad hcg h ug ccy g cu

c g ug bu

c, cug -u. th e d pg w

h u w g, by g cy

c g by wkg wh c u u h c

hhy gwh g cu. th g

b cg cuc bg cy guy

, h h u h ug sme y h cy

g, cuy, jb c.

I. EMPRETEC11

empreteC u k h g u

ug h c g bu. th g cbu

sme gwh, g bu kg wh g , uy

jb c, c , gy, g cc

. empreteC u hgy

ky cc u h k bhu c. tgh wh hgy, empreteC

u c h c uch y c

uh g wkh wh ubc c. i ,

UnCtad:

Undertakes installation and transfer of EMPRETEC methodologies to national

institution of a requesting country;

Promotes women empowerment and entrepreneurship, including through the

competitive UNCTAD Women in Business Award, launched in 2008;

11 www.unctad.org/empretec and www.empretec.net.

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Helps governments in implementing public reforms through EMPRETEC training

wkh gg u by uy y , u,

c-u h c.

II. Business linkages

th UnCtad Bu lkg pg u-kh

h kg bw sme tnC ub bu

h c, ucy ccy h uy

ch hugh g, g, xchg, quy ,

chgy . th Bu lkg pg h

TNCs reduce costs through local sourcing and specialization; at the same time,

sme cc k, g u, bu

cc, bu c uc. Bu kg c

cy c g c ub bu kg, bu h

yg bu kg u, ugg sme g

qu, g wy ccg c h g

g uy ch g uh g. UnCtad

u h wg :

Building the capacity of national agencies to design, implement and facilitate

ub ccy b bu kg hugh

workshops, training and study tours;

Developing the productive capacity and competitiveness of SMEs through

g, g, xchg quy b

them integrate successfully in global value chains of TNCs;

Undertaking value chain mapping surveys to identify opportunities and

, u ch cg u h gc bu

development services providers;

Facilitating wealth and self-employment through entrepreneurship training,

bu cub chkg.

III. e-Tourism12

th -tu pg bcg h u y by

bg u g cu. i k u w h

h sme, h h bc uu h ch bu.

12 http://etourism.unctad.org.

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trAde fACilitAtioN,humAN CApACity

developmeNt,sCieNCe, iNformAtioN

ANd CommuNiCAtioN

part iii

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A. Trade logistics

th bjc :

Assist developing countries with the formulation and implementation of poli-

c g h c -

tional, regional and international levels;

Develop long-term institutional and operational capacity to implement trade

and transport facilitation actions;

Assist developing countries in trade facilitation negotiations at WTO;

Assist developing countries in the design and implementation of national legalwk wh g u .

I. Transport

ac h cu h c u h

c y c h g u

c . ac u g h

g, z hz g

gu. i u u ccy bug h b h ccy

g bw ck cu h ghbu.

II. Trade facilitation

UnCtad g cu yg g h cu

cy qu h

gg cc c u. th

wkh g , hugh h ubc g , w hugh ch

g c jc.

i h g cu ldC b u h c

c h g c u Wto, UnCtad

chc c wh G- c-b g,

gzg g wkh. th gh

u h c h u

c g c, ch ,chc c ccy bug h c.

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37PART III. trade facilitation, human capacity development, science, information and communication

III. Automated System for Customs Data (ASYCUDA)

the asYCUda progrmme help o cle re hrough he moerzo o

cuom by ug ormo echology o pee up mply he clerceproce o goo reuco mplco o ocumeo

proceure.

a ece eecve cuom mro eel o he welre o ll

countries. It (a) benefits the national economy by collecting revenue; (b) assists

the Government to implement national and international policies; (c) protects

he coury by combg ru llegl rckg o prohbe rerce

goods; (d) provides statistical information on foreign trade transactions essential for

ecoomc plg cle erol re. the asYCUda progrmme rece reormg peeg up he cuom clerce proce hrough he

rouco o compuerzo mplco o proceure, hu mmzg

mrve co o he bue commuy ecoome o coure. i

lo m creg cuom reveue, whch my coure ccou or

mjor pr o ol buge, by eurg h ll goo re eclre, h uy/

x clculo re correc h uy/exempo, preerece, ec. re correcly

pple mge. furhermore, help prouce relble mely re

cl c o he ecoomc plg proce by-prouc o

cuom clerce proce.

the asYCUda yem cover everl ere oreg re proceure

mge he ere cuom clerce proce rom, or pror o, he rrvl o

he goo up o her wrehoug ulme relee er pyme o ue

xe. the UnCtad asYCUda progrmme mpleme projec clug

compreheve rg pckge h llow or ull rer o asYCUda kow-how

kll o ol cuom mro. th eure he progrmme c be

ue by ol mro cree owerhp.

B. Building capacity through human resourcesdevelopment

th bjc cyk h g h ,

, chgy u, u h c

chg ch cc b cu cc u,

bu cc c b cu g ub c ccy h .

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Ug h ky h h c y h c, h g

g , /x c, chb

cc nGo g wh , .

eu c u by x ckwg h quy

, h c h hyb g ch h cu c

g c--c c h u g g h

c g cx.

II. The UNCTAD Virtual Institute on Trade and Development 15

th UnCtad vu iu t d (v) ccy-bug

wkg g wh bjc gh cc u g cuy u

h h u c cy c h wk.

th v u b u h g u by g c u

:

Course design and delivery: The Vi provides policy advice on the design

cu g, chg

u, whch h u ubquy h

c h cu by g y h cuy,translating into local languages, etc.;

Professional development for university staff: The Vi offers training and

g u bh gu ch (g

wkh) u (g, cy ju ch wh

work on research projects of specific interest to their universities);

Training for students: The main target of the Vi is university staffs who

ubquy ch u h cu. excy, h v

c g u wh h x

u h h u cu g h u.

th hugh cc g g

students at Geneva-based organizations (study tours);

Cooperation within the network: In addition to working bilaterally with the

u, h v w h suhsuh nhsuh

c uy wk u xchg xc

j jc g h b h ch,

chg .

15 http://vi.unctad.org.

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III. The regional training courses on key issues on the international economicagenda16

th pg y cyk g cu wh h bckgu cc, bu, ,

w ubc , wh wk cc

u c. acc chg chg h u c

. th cu cu h k bw , , c

, h g c,

g u, wh cu h

g cu. i u u wh

c c y, fdi , h

cy, c, u

g g. th cu cu wh u xc

wg h c u h guy bu kwg k

g, cu Wto u. th g

h cu g gb, g c , c,

u g wh h cb

g c, x UnCtad vu u b u

x h h cuy.

IV. Short courses on key international economic issues for Geneva-baseddiplomats17

th bjc h g u G-b h

c u h cc g, h hy

c c h g b

h h cu g. th g h

cu -: h h whch hy

wu qu ug. th ugg c by cu ggc whch UnCtad u cuc ch wk.

C. Science, technology and innovation fordevelopment

th bjc UnCtad chc c h cc, chgy

(sti) :

16 http://p166.unctad.org.17 http://p166.unctad.org/shortcourses.

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Enhance the scientific and technological capabilities of developing countries

and countries with economies in transition; and

Facilitate their access to new and emerging technologies.

th cch hugh cb :

Policy advice on STI;

Assistance to countries for strengthening their human resources base through

special training events;

Analysis and disseminating of information on international best practices in

chgy.

th chc c g uk h : scc,

tchgy i pcy rw (stip rw), h nwk exc-

c.

I. STIP Reviews

th stip rw b cg cu cc y

h c h sti c, hc chgc ccy-bug

cug , g h . a yc stip rw cu y h cuy gh,

wk, u h h sti . i h

g u, c, u, cc h k

u h cu sti wk, yc ucu wk, u

h sti- c c y,

c. th c :

Providing policy support to Governments in the design of their STI systems;

Improving information and productive linkages among public research insti-

tutes, academe and private sector;

Ensuring the training of present and future human capital;

Enhancing STI-related coordination and cooperation among different public

sectors;

Identifying measures to promote national capacity for technology acquisition;

Identifying and evaluating new and emerging science and technology sectors.

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II. Network of Centres of Excellence

th nwk C excc (noCe) cc chgc

u c ghg k wh h cc cuy cg h by c g cu, cy ac.

t h , h wk u c bc g cu c

g c ubjc , uch bchg

cuc chg.

noCe gz g- h- g cu c

g cu.

D. Information and communications technologiesand the information economy.18

Gbz h cg u cuc chg

(iCt) h bu

g cu. iCt w u, h c fdi

b sme c cy . a h ,

ug iCt b cc gwh qu g c-kg b

b .

UnCtad chc c h iCt h g u h

iCt c b u ccb cc cc gwh jb

c. th chc c g iCt :

Advisory services and reviews on ICT policies;

Capacity-building and advice on the establishment of legal frameworks related

to e-commerce and ICTs;

Capacity-building in the production of information economy statistics and

c h y h c iCt.

I. ICT Policy Reviews

dug h c, iCt h bc y g cu

, g h u iCt g h

u iCt, h b h cz .

18 http://www.unctad.org/ecommerce.

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th iCt pcy rw h h iCt ,

by wg iCt c, xg hw iCt -bu u

h b cuy g, yg c

g ch ug h cy, ug h cuc ucu, g

guy u, hu uc.

In cooperation with individual countries, UNCTAD implements a Model Framework

wg iCt c h h u

mechanisms that affect the success of such policies. The Model Framework

c :

Guide ICT policy reviews; Identify the main strengths and weaknesses of ICT policies; and

Revise and adjust policies to ensure the enabling conditions for the develop-

h cy.

II. Legal frameworks for the information economy

Goverme requre legl rmework h wll eure ru bewee ole

commercl prer re complce wh oher coure leglo,cle he couc o omec erol re, oer legl

proeco or uer prover o e-commerce ervce. i h coex,

UnCtad evelopg coure preprg legl rmework goverg

he ue o iCt by:

Building capacity to deal with legal issues related to ICT through a training

cu wk g c g g wk

for e-commerce;

Promoting and disseminating national legal frameworks through round tables

for national stakeholders in the private and public sectors; and

Providing advisory services on the regional harmonization of legal frameworks.

III. Measuring the information economy19

th iCt c h hy cu cgz h b

iCt c cc .

19 http://measuring-ict.unctad.org.

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t h b h y chgg cy, g

bchk g iCt c wh w gg

wg c g. UnCtad cu h u

hugh:

Building the capacity of national statistics offices and other producers of official

iCt g y cy c hugh

training course and a manual;

Providing advisory services on the production and analysis of information

cy c, cug hugh cuy g

workshops; and

Developing and disseminating indicators, definitions and methodologies,

in cooperation with the International Partnership on Measuring ICT for

Development.20

20 The Partnership is composed of ITU, OECD, UNCTAD, the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, ECLAC,ESCWA, ECA, ESCAP; UN-DESA, Eurostat and the World Bank.

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debt mANAGemeNt

the dmfAs proGrAmme

part iv

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47PART IV. debt management the dmfas programme and communication

Capacity-building through the Programmes advisory services, including needs

c chc, , g u

b g u. icu c w

maintenance;

Capacity-building in debt management skills, and through the Programmes

u b , c b y.

th dmfas pg y b c hz ch

h b g ccy-bug c by chc c

cu, b ch c g. th

g h cbu cy c uch h W Bk

db mg fcy (dmf) h Hghy ib p Cu Ccy

Bug (HipC CB) g. Cb h u h u

by c bu h u h, h b cc

h. i h , UnCtad cu c hugh h dmfas

pg h i-agcy tk fc fc sc ju ex

i h ccy cu uc b c

c ch.

a h 2008, h dmfas w w 101 u 66

cu, whch 24 w-c cu 30 w- c cu.

a g h dmfas ccy-bug g h b

gz cc b g. th cc

cu u g cu h

u b g ubc c y, wh u bjc

bg h g cu g h b cy. th g

uy b g cy k u h w

c h xc.

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Wh h U n y, UnCtad h cu by

g h c ac cu ldC, g y

ac ldC chc c c. fy- cu

cuy g by h U n cu. thcu c :

Low national income (per capita GDP under $905 for countries now joining the

list);

Weak human assets (a composite index based on health, nutrition and

education indicators); and

High economic vulnerability involving a composite index (the Economic

vuby ix) b c () u hck (h x hby gcuu uc, h h h u c

by natural disasters); (b) trade shocks (the index of the instability of exports of

goods and services); (c) exposure to shocks (the share of agriculture, forestry

and fisheries in GDP, and the index of merchandise export concentration;

(d) economic smallness; and (e) economic remoteness.

UnCtad ub chc u ldC c j

gb cc u by ukg c cuy cc

u. UnCtad uk c-cc u, cy w - x ldC cbu

bu h x c h .

UnCtad ub chc u cu b, ug,

gu ldC u. th bjc h pg

h c gu, h b.

I. Trust Fund for LDCs

th bjc u w c u ldC UnCtad

wk. th cu h au ldC r. th r

ky g UnCtad ch wk uc cc y

uc ldC. B h r, g c gz

g b ldC h

g c cu u ldC cu

h h cykg uc cc.

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51PART V. africa, least developed countries,

landlocked developing countries, and small island developing states

II. Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance

UnCtad, gh wh h Wto, itC, Undp, Unido, h imf h W Bk, h h g, uch 1997.

UnCtad, c c wh h c gc, yg c h

h wk. a UnCtad ldC - chc c

c u c h ig fwk. scc

c cu p-dtis wkh, g wkh eif,

- jc h dits ac-mx.

III. Support to landlocked developing countries and small island developingStates

UnCtad u ck g cu cu

c. ay c h

cu u u g g c.

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G h hgh uby g s, h cu UnCtad u h cu c-bug. th w u

h UnCtad w h c hg g s

uc ucu hc, hc cc cz.

ay c h gu cu u

u .

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Commodities

part vi

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UnCtad wk c, cg bc x y, cy

c c c, h h ubc c

c cy. UnCtad chc c ccy-bug c

gg w u ug g u, cu b u-kh c, cy b. such

c cug u , b h

wh j kh, cu ky b c by cy-

cu u. tchc c ccy-bug

c y w c c, hghgh uccu

xc h bg g c g h

h c u h cy b.

UnCtad g h cy- cu :

Develop national commodity strategies, including mainstream commodity

policies into their national and regional development strategies;

Build supply-side capacity and attain competitiveness;

Move up value chains and diversify commodity sectors;

Comply with public and private international trade standards (sanitary and

hyy cc, g y quyrequirements);

Access commodity information and databases through the web-based tools

INFOCOMM/INFOSHARE; and

Take advantage of export opportunities for commodities in emerging markets.

th pg :

Assists developing countries in building human and institutional capacities;

Assists developing countries in promoting and improving transparency and

ccuby h ubc, c c b

h cu cc xz h b h ccu h h

xc u, kg ccu, wh , h

of relevant initiatives on extractive industries;

Establish effective marketing systems and support frameworks for small

commodity producers, including economically viable safety-net programmes;

Develop commodity financing and risk management schemes (includingcy xchg).

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uNCtAd AssistANCe

tothe pAlestiNiANpeople22

part vii

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UnCtad cv 1985 cc vg h c

cc c c h i ccu uh h p

y. UnCtad ycy x h ccu p y cc

v, kg h p gg .

UnCtad wk u h wg bjc cu:

Development strategies and trade policies;

Trade facilitation and logistics;

Public finance modernization and reform; and

Enterprise, investment and competition.

ac u ch cu cb chc c jc y

c, cbu :

Building Palestinian capacities for economic policymaking and management;

Creating an environment conducive to private sector development.

th c ch-b, wg h g h c

ch y wk h p cy, h xc

h c wh. thugh h wk, UnCtad h c whh U n h p , c

cc .

i h w y, h g h h c

h w cc c, ug h i y cu

cy c h ccu p y. i

cu, UnCtad h chc c c h

h c-cc c ccc wh h U n

20082009 sgc-fwk, G aby u 56/111 (.6 7) 43/178 (. 9). UnCtad h u p

u-bug h bh g,

b p s, wh gh 44 h acc acc.

Bh h g h c g c

dom20092_en

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