韓国のヤギにおけるウイルス性感染症の血清調査

誌名誌名 The journal of veterinary medical science

ISSNISSN 09167250

著者著者

Yang, D, K.Hwang, I.J.Kim, B.H.ほか5名,

巻/号巻/号 70巻9号

掲載ページ掲載ページ p. 977-979

発行年月発行年月 2008年9月

農林水産省 農林水産技術会議事務局筑波産学連携支援センターTsukuba Business-Academia Cooperation Support Center, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research CouncilSecretariat

NOTE Virology

Serosurveillance of Viral Diseases in Korean N ative Goats (Capra hircus)

Dong-Kun YANG1l*， In-Jin HWANG1l， Byoung-Han KIM1l， Chang-Hee KWEON1l， Kyung-Woo LEE1l， Mun-I1 KANG11， Cheong-San LEE2l and Kyoung-Oh CH03l

IWational Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service， Anyang， Gyeonggi-do 43仏824，2JChungbuk Livestock and Veterinary Research lnstitute， Cheongwon 363-93 J and 3JChonnam National Uniνers!り"Gwangju， 500-75スRepublic01 Ko問。

(Received 24 October 2007/Acc巴pted30 April 2008)

ABSTRACT. A to凶 of804 goat sera were collected from 144 goat farms in five regions of South Korea during a period between 2005 and 2006 and screened for the antibodies of viral pathogens in ruminants. Th巴individualseropositive rates for each virus were 13.7% (110/ 804) for bovine herpesvirus-I (BHV-l)， 9.5% (76/804) for bovine parainfluenza type-3 virus (PI-3V)， 5.5% (44/804) for Akaban巴 vlrus(AKAV)， 13.3% (107/804) for Aino virus (AINV)， 2.0% (16/804) for Chuzan virus (CHUV) and 1.0% (8/804) for bovin巴 coronavlrus(BCoV). Compared with other areas， Chungch巴ongProvince showed higher seropositive rates of 13.69もforPI-3V， 22.3% for AKA V and 28.2% for AINV. The results indicat巴thatamong the six viral diseases， BHV-I infection is quite prevalent， while BCoV infection 凶 lessprevalent on domestic goat farms in Gyeongsang and Jeonla Provinces 阻 YWORDS: arbovirus， BHV-l， goat， serologic survey

Approximately 523，000 goats are raised on 41，000 farms throughout South Korea (Korea MAF Official Statistics，

2005)， and at present， two kinds of go也t，the Korean native and British Saanen， are raised for meat and milk production.

As th巴numberof goats has increased in South Korea， infec-

tious diseases have also caused great economic losses in the goat industry. Goats infected with BHV-I develop mild dis-

eas巴 signssuch as pneumonia and conjunctivitis during

acute infection [13， 14]. BHV-l is also able to establish a

latent infection in the trigeminal ganglia of goats [12].

Parainfluenza type-3 virus (PI-3V) is known as“shipping fever" in ruminants and sh田 pand is one of the important

aetiological agents in naturally occurring caprine pneumo-

nia in Turkey [17]. Goats inoculated with PI-3V intrana-

sally developed clinical symptoms and lesions in the lung [1]. Akabane virus (AKAV)， Aino virus (AINV) and Chu-

zan virus (CHUV) are responsible for reproductive disor-

ders such as abortion， stillbirth and congenital malformation in cattle and goats [9]. Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a

common agent in neonatal calf diarrhea and is associated

with winter dysentery in adult cattle， and recently， it has been 陀 portedto cause neonatal enteritis in kids [10]. Until

now， Iittle data have been available on important transmissi-ble viral diseases in Korean native goats. Seroepiderniolog-

ical surveys of important infectious viral diseases are

necessary for vaccine research as well as for developing

measures to prevent virus transmission， either inter-or

intrasp配 ies. We have pr官viouslyreported the sero-preva-

lence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and pestivirus in

goats. In the present study， we conducted a serological sur-

vey of BHV-l， PI-3V， AKAV， AINV， CHUV and BCoV

infections in domestic goats in South Korea.

* CORRESPONDENCE TO: YANG， D.-K.， National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service， 480 Anyang 6-dong Anyar】g，Gyeo-nggi-do 430-824， Republic of Korea. e-mail: yangdk@nvrqs.go.kr

J. Vet. Med. Sci. 70(9): 977-979， 2008

The BHV-I， PI-3V， AKAV， AINV and CHUV used for

virus neutralization (VN) tests were the Pusan (isolated from cattle in South Korea in 1969 by researchers of

NVRQS)， SF-4 (ATCC VR281)， 93FMX， KSA9910 and

YoungAm strains， respectively [8]. The BCoV used for hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests was the KV050 1 strain， which was isolated from naturalIy infect巴dcattl巴 m

2005 [16]. The six viruses isolated from cattle were chosen

for serological survey in goats because these viruses have

not yet been isolated from Korean native goats， although most of the viruses have been reported to infect goats. The

BHV-I and PI-3 viruses wer巴 propagatedin Madin-Darby

bovine kidney epithelial (加IDBK)cells， and AKA V， AINV and CHUV were grown in Vero cells. The BCoV was

grown in HRT-18 cells derived from a human adenocarci-

noma. These cells were maintained in α-rruOlmum巴ssential

medium (MEM; Gibco-BRL， Grand Island， NY， U.S.A.)

with antibiotics (100 IU/ml penicillin， 100μg/ml str巴ptomy-

cin)， antimycotic (0.25μ.g/ml amphotericin B) and 5% fetal

bovine serum (FBS). For the seroprevalence survey， blood

sampl巴swere collected from 804 goats on 144 farms in five

provinces of South Korea between May 2005 and March

2006. None of these farms inoculated any vaccine against BHV-I， PI-3V， AKAV， AINV， CHUV or BCoV. Clotted

blood samples were centrifuged， and s巴rawer巴 storedat

-200C until use.

The VN tests for BHV-l and PI-3V were p巴rformedin

96-well， flat-bottomed， cell culture microtiter plates using MDBK cells， and Vero cells were used for AKA V， AINV and CHUV [8， 11]. The VN titer was expressed as the recip-

rocal of the highest serum dilution completely inhibiting

CPE in the wells. The serum dilution ranged from 1:2 to

1 :64， and antibody titers of ~1 :4 were considered positive. The HI test for detecting antibodies to BCoV was carried

out according to standard microtit巴rprocedures using

mouse red blood cells [7， 15， 16]. Any goat sera showing a

978 D-K， YANG ET AL.

Table 1 Regional distribution of seroprevalence against several viral pathogens in goats

Seropositive rate against viral pathogens.l

Province BHV-I PI-3V AKAV AINV CHUV BCoV

Gyeonggi 3/59 1/59 1159 1159 3/59 0/59 (5.lb)) (1.7) (1.7 (1.7 (5.1) (0)

Gangwon 0/31 4/31 0/31 1/31 0/31 0/31 (0) (12.9) (0) (3.2) (0) (0)

Chungcheong 3/103 14/103 23/103 29/103 0/103 0/103 (2.9) (13.6) (22.3) (28.2) (0) (0)

Jeonla 87/410 46/410 20/410 39/410 13/410 4/410 (21.7) (13.6) (4.9) (9.5) (3.2) (1.0)

Gyeongsang 151201 11/201 0/201 141201 01201 41201 (7.5) (5.5) (0) (7.0) (0) (2.0)

Total 110/804 76/804 44/804 107/804 16/804 8/804 (13.7) (9.5) (5.5) (13.3) (2.0) (1.0)

a) BHV-I= bovin巴h巴rpesvirus， PI-3V= parainfluenza type 3 virus， AKA V= Akabane virus， AINV= Aino virus， CHUV=Chuzan virus and BCoV=bovine coronavirus.

b) Number positive!Number tested (% positiv巴).

40一一一一一一一一一一一一一一… ω ………一 一 一 一一一

35

30 求

~ 25 ω 〉

220 6 品15

10

BHV-1 PJ-3V AKAV A1NV CHUV BCoV

Virus sources

Fig.卜 Seroprevalenceagainst viral pathogens from goats in South Korea betw巴巴n2005 and 2006.

HI titer equal to or greater than 1:20 was considered posi-

tive. A chi-square test was used to analyze differences in

regional distribution of seroprevalence. A P-valu巴lessthan

0.05 was considered statistically significant. Th巴 surveyresults of the seroprevalence against the six

viruses were shown in Table 1 and Fig. 1. Among the 144

goat farms screened， the positive incidence of AINV was

31.9%， and those of BHV-l， PI-3V， AKA V， CHUV and

BCoV were 21.5，17.4，14.6，8.3 and 2.49も， respectively. In

addition， the individual seropositive rates for each virus were 13.7% (110/804) for BHV-l， 13.39も(107/804)for

AINV， 9.5% (76/804) for PI-3V， 5.5% (44/804) for AKA V

and 2.0% (16/804) for CHUV. Compared with other ar巴as，

Chungcheong Province showed overall high seropositive

rates (Pく0.05)of 13.6% for PI-3V， 22.3% for AKA V and

28.29もforAINV (Table 1). In addition， the BHV-l infec-

tion rate was notably high (Pく0.05)in Jeonla Province

(21.7%). Based on an HI titer;:::1 :20 being positive， the inci-dence of positive cases was 8 out of 804 (1.0%)， indicatiJlg

that BCo V infection was infrequent in dom巴sticgoats. In

addition， th巴HIantibody against BCoV was detected in 4 of

144 (2.4%) farms， and the titer was low， ranging from 1:20

to 1:80.

The present study was a nationwide survey for the pres-

ence of antibodies to viral diseases in domestic goats. In this

study， the positive rate (13.7%) for BHV-I was similar to

those report巴dpr巴viouslyfor goats in Louisiana in the

U.S.A. and red deer in six sel巴ctednational parks in Ger-

many [2， 3]. The BHV -1 antibody positive rate (21.7%) in the Jeonla Province samples was greater than those of the

other provinces (Pく0.05). We assume that many goats

raised in Jeonla Province may be infected with BHV -1 due

to c10se contact with BHV -1-infected cattle in the surround-

ing area. It is important to understand出eepidemiology of

goat viral diseases. Although goat farms breeding on a

small scale have decreased since 2000 in South Korea， small scale goat farms still巴xist. There is high possibility that

goats have the opportunity to come into contact with cattle

SEROSURVEILLANCE OF GOAT VIRUSES 979

on small scale farms. The pathogenesis of caprine herpesvi-

rus (CpHV-I) infection in goats and BHV-I infection in

calves are known to be very similar. However， CpHV-l

infection has not be巴nidentified in South Korea.

PI-3 virus is comparativ巴Iycommon in cattle and is

widely distributed. Although PI-3V can cause int巴rstitial

pn巴umonia，in which intlammation is usually present only in the anterior lobes of the lung， goats infected with PI-3V in th巴 fieldare generally subciinical. Antibodies to PI-3V in

goats were detected in 76 of the 804 (9.5%) tested samples

Som巴 highincidence rates (17% and 21.1 %) to PI-3V have

been reported for goats and chamois， respectively [3， 4]

Therefore， vaccination against the above-mentioned respira-tory diseases may be required for domestic goats. AKA V is

known to cause reproductive disorders mainly in ruminants.

However， an AKA V strain was recently isolat巴dfrom the

aborted fetuses of swine in Taiwan [6]. AKA V has also

been confirmed as an巴tiologicalagent of congenital abnor-

malities in Korean native goats， with a 30% seropositiv巴rate

[5]. Although arthropod-borne viral agents， inciuding

AKA V， AINV and CHUV， are mainly transmitted through

vectors， such as Culex spp. and Culicoides spp.， in the field，

the nationwide seroprevalence in goats has not b巴巴ninvesti-

gated. ln this study， serosurveillance was performed on the

same紅白ropodviral diseas目前 mentionedabove. Among

the thre巴 majorarthropod-borne viruses， the highest s巴rop-ositive rate was shown for AINV (13.3%)， and th巴 number

of samples showing an antibody titer三1:32 were also higher

than those of oth巴rviruses. ln addition， further study to determine the species of mosquito associated with arboviral

transmission in Korean native goats is required.

Although BCoV infection has be巴nreported mainly in

cattle， its s巴ropreval巴nc巴hasalso b巴endetected in sh巴巴pand

white tail deer， with the prevalenc巴 rangingfrom 4.4 to 19%

[15]. In addition， coronavirus infection has been detected in

kids with neonatal ent巴ritis[10]. In this study， only 1.0% of

goats were found to have an HI antibody titer of 2: 1 :20

against BCo V， indicating that a small number of goats in

some restricted area face the danger of BCo V infection.

The low incidenc巴 ofBCoV infection might be attributable

to raising goats in a pen over 1 meter above ground.

Among the six viral diseases surveyed， BHV -1 infection

was quite prevalent， while BCoV

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The authors would like to thank

the local veterinarians for sampling of the blood. This work

was supported financially by a grant from the National Vet-

erinary R巴s巴archand Quarantine Service (NVRQS)， Minis-

try for Food， Agricu1ture， Forestry and Fisheries， Republic

of Korea.

REFERENCES

ト Afshar，A. and Terlecki， S.1979. Experimental infection of goats with paraintluenza virus type 3. Zenlr，αlbl Veterinanηed

B. 26: 641--651 2. Frolich， K.， Hamblin， c.， Parida， S.， Tuppurainen， E. and Schet-

tler， E. 2006. Serological survey for potential disease agents of free-ranging cervids in six select巴dnational parks from Ger-many. J. Wildl. Dis. 42: 836-843

3. Fulton， R.W.， Oowning， M.M. and Hagstad， .HV. 1982. Preva-lence of bovine h巴rpesvirus-I，bovine oral diarrhea， paraintlu 巴nza-3，bovine adenoviruses-3 and -7， and goat respiratory syncytial viral antibodies in goats. Am. J. Vel. Res. 43: 1454-1457.

4. Gaffuri， A.， Giacometti， M.， Tranquillo， V.M.， Magnino， S.，

Cordioli， P. and Lanfranchi， P. 2006. Serosurvey of roe deer，

chamois and domestic sheep in the centralltalian Alps. 1. Wildl.

Dis. 42: 685--690 5. Han， O.U. 2003. Congenital abnormalities in Korean native

goat with Akabane virus. Korean J. Vet. Clin. 20: 427-430 6. Huang， c.c.， Huang， T.S.， Deng， M.C.， Jong， M.H. and Lin，

S. Y. 2003. Natural inf，巴ctionsof pigs with akabane virus. Vel Microbiol. 94: 1ー11

7. Kapil， S.， Richardson， K.L.， Maag， T.R. and Goyal， S.M. 1999 Characterization of bovine coronavirus isolates/from eight dif ferent states川 theUSA. Vel. Microbiol. 67・221-230.

8. Lim， S.I.， Kweon， C.H.， Tark， D.S.， Kim， S.H. and Yang， D.K 2007. Sero-survey on Aino， Akabane， Chuzan， bovin巴巴phem-eral fever and Japanese encephalitis virus of cattle and swine in Korea. J. Vel. Sci. 8・45-49

9. Ohashi， S.， Yoshida， K.， Yanase， T.， Kato， T. and Tsuda， T 2004. Simultaneous d巴I巴ctionof bovin巴arbovirusesusing sin-gle-tub巴multipl巴xrevers巴transcription-polymerasechain reac-tion. J. Virol. Melhods 120: 79-85

10. Ozmen， 0.， Yukari， B.A.， Haligur， M. and Sahinduran， S. 2006 。 ，Observations and immunohistoch巴micaldetection ofCoronavi rus， Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia intestinalis in neona-tal diarrhoea in lambs and kids. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 148

357-364 11. Rossi， C.R. and Kiesel， G.K. 1971. Microtiter tests for detecting

antibody in bovine serum to paraintluenza 3 virus， inf，巴ctlOUSbovine rhinotracheitis virus， and bovine virus diarrh巴aVlruS. Appl. Microbiol. 22: 32-36.

12. Six， A.， Banks， M.， Engels， M.， Bascu白ana，C.R. and Acker-

mann， M. 2001. Latency and reactivation of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV -1) in goats and of caprine herpesvirus 1 (CapHV -1) in calves. Arch. Virol. 146: 1325-1335.

13. Thiry， J.， Keus巴r，V.， Muylkens， B.， Meur巴ns，F.， Gogev， S.，

Vanderplasschen， A. and Thi