GrammarGrammarGrammarGrammar

过去分词作状语过去分词作状语

忠县拔山中学 杨小琴忠县拔山中学 杨小琴

过去分词作状语应注意一、过去分词与句子主语之间的关系(1) 过去分词作状语表示被动或完成的动作。过去分词

与句子主语之间通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系。如： Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.

【高考链接 1 】 B 　　 not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. (2009 福建卷 )

A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded比较： Seen from the sky, our city is very beautiful. (our city 与

see 之间是被动关系 ) Seeing from the sky, we find our city is very beautiful.

( we 与 see 之间是主谓关系 )

过去分词作状语应注意(2) 有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时

不表被动而表主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有： lost( 迷路 ) ； seated( 坐 ) ；hidden( 躲 ) ； lost in( 沉迷于…… ) ；dressed in( 穿着 ) 。由某些动词后面加 -ed 转化来的形容词也具有此用法，如 frightened, satisfied, tired, disappointed 等。如：

Surprised at what had happened, Tom didn’t know what to do.

【高考链接 2 】　 　 and short of breath,

Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. (2009 浙江卷 )

A. To be tried B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired

B

When ________ London at night, you’re a bit like in a dream.

When _______ at night, you make sure the visitor is really your friend.______ from the hill, we can see a beautiful park.

______ from the hill, the park is beautiful.

visiting

visited

Seeing

Seen

穿着白衣服，她看起来真美。

团结一致，我们巍然挺立；各自为政，我们一事无成。Dressed in white, she looks really pretty.

United, we stand; divided, we fall.

二、过去分词作状语所表示的意义过去分词作状语时表示时间、条件、原因、让步时可转换为相应的状语从句；表示方式、结果和伴随时可转化为并列分句。

(1) When it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.Seen from the hill

1. 时间状语 , 可在过去分词前加上连词when, while, until 等 .

(2) Don’t speak until you are spoken to.

Until spoken to

2. 原因状语原因状语

(1) Because the boy was greatly touched by his teacher’s words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates.

Greatly touched by the teacher’s words

(2) As he was surprised at what happened, Tom didn’t know what to do.

Surprised at what happened

3. 条件状语条件状语(1) If we were given more time, we could do it much better.

Given more time

(2) If it is heated to a high temperature, water will change into vapour.

Heated to a high temperature

4. 让步状语让步状语

(1) Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.

Though warned of the storm

(2) Even if I’m invited, I won’t take part in the party.Even if invited

5. 方式、伴随状语方式、伴随状语

(1) The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of students.

Followed by a group of students

(2) The manager held his head high, he walked into the room.

Holding his head high

1. When he was asked why he didn’t do it, he began to cry.

2. If I am given more time, I’ll catch up with you.

3. Because he was born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.

When asked why he didn’t do it, he began to cry.

Given more time, I’ll catch up with you.

Born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.

( 时间 )

( 条件 )

( 原因 )

4.Although they had been defeated many times, they continued to fight.

5.The teacher stood there and was surrounded by the students.

Although defeated many times, they continued to fight.

The teacher stood there surrounded by the students.

( 让步 )

( 伴随 )

【高考链接 3 】　 　　 the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars. (2009 江西卷 )

【高考链接 4 】 Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, 　　　with his old one. (2009 重庆卷 )A. comparing B. comparesC. to compare D. compared

A. Giving B. Having given

C. To give D. GivenD

D

注意：过去分词做状语，根据动作发生的时间，可有下面两种形式： done , having been done. ( having been done 强调动作发生在主句之前 )

Asked the question, he lowered his head.

Having been told many times, he still couldn’t answer the question.

三、“连词三、“连词 ++ 过去分词”过去分词”结构结构 根据主句主语和从句主语一致且从句含有动词 be 时可省略从句

主语和动词 be 的原则，可把状语从句变换为“连词 + 过去分词”结构。常用的连词有 if, unless, when, as, once, even if/ even though, as if, though/ although 等。

e.g. I won’t attend his birthday party unless invited. 【高考链接 5 】 Every evening after dinner, if not　 from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.(2009 湖南卷 )

A. being tired B. tiringC. tired D. to be tired

C

四、 独立主格结构

过去分词短语作状语时 , 它的逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致。如果过去分词作状语时 , 前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构属于独立主格结构。

e.g. More time given to us, we should have done the job much better.

【高考链接 6 】 The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons 　　　 for the day. (2007 重庆卷 )

A. finishing B. finishedC. had finished D. were finished

B

Exercises:

1. ____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A. Followed B. Followed byC. Being followed D. having been

followed2. There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.

A. followed B. followingC. to be followed D. being followed

B

B

3. The next morning she found the man ___ in bed, dead.A. lying B. lieC. lay D. laying

4. I can hardly imagine Peter ___ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.

A. sail B. sailingC. to sail D. to have sailed

A

B

7. ___ a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receiving B. Receiving notC. Not having received D. Having not received

8. The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, ___ that he had enjoyed his stay here.

A. having added B. to addC. adding D. added

C

C

9. Don’t get you schedule ___, stay with us in this class.

A. to change B. changingC. changed D. change

10. European football is played in 80 countries, ___ it the most popular sport in the world.A. making B. makesC. made D. to make

C

A

11. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back.

A. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tied D. tied

12. ___ more attention, the trees could have grown better.

A. Given B. To giveC. Giving D. Having given

D

A

13. The ___ morning, the father came into the lonely house, ___ by his naughty boy.

A. following, following B. followed, followed

C. following, followed D. followed, following

14. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse ___ after her son and was pleased to see the boy well ___ care of in the nursery.

A. looked; taken B. looking; takenC. looked; took D. looking;

taking

C

B

15. ___ his head high, the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting ___ then.A. Holding; being held B. Held;

holdingC. Having held; held D. Held; to be

held16. ___, but he still could not understand it.

A. Told many timesB. Having been told many timesC. He has been told many timesD. Though he had been told many

times

A

C

Homework:1. The road is designed for only motor vehicles, so once _____, bicycles are not allowed to go along it. A. opens B. having opened C. opening D. opened2. As we joined the big crowd I ______ from my friends. A. got lost B. got missing C. got separated D. got spared3. -----She thought he was a dull and selfish person. ----__________, either. A. His impression of her was no better B. Her impression of him was no better C. His impression of her was no worse D. Her impression of her was no worse4. I have often heard this song ______, but I have never heard you _______ it. A. to be sung ; to sing B. being sung; sang C. sung; sing D. sang; singing5. __________ the room, the nurse found the tape-recorder _______. A. Entering; stealing B. Entering; gone C. To have entered; being stolen D. Having entered; to be stolen

6. It’s time for supper now. Please _____ your books _______ so that we can use the table for supper.

A. give …away B. put…off C. set…aside D. pass …by7. ____ it ____ or not, I will go to attend the conference on time. A. if; rains B. Whether; rains C. If; will rain D. Whether; will rain8. -----Tom is very stupid. He fails in every exam. ----In my opinion, he’s _____ than stupid. A. lazier B. much lazier C. more lazy D. lazier rather9. -----Mind your behavior in public, or we’ll have our ___ruined. -----Oh, no one sees. A. figures B. names C. bodies D. images10. Among mystery writers, Agatha Christie _______as a real

master. A. stands for B. stands by C. stands up D. stands out Keys: 1-10 DCACB CBCDD

注意注意 : : 用分词短语作状语时用分词短语作状语时 , , 它逻辑上的主语要与它逻辑上的主语要与句子的主语保持一致句子的主语保持一致 , , 否则分词短语就要有自己的否则分词短语就要有自己的逻辑主语逻辑主语 , , 这种结构称为独立主格结构这种结构称为独立主格结构 ..

1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.

2. He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.