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OBU@TBK FMXGHBFZBLBBK UMO]BKA UMKHGHGFBK HG LBOBWZGB

9 Fbigbk Fmz Xmtnbhbu Zm`tbka L}tgh Dmtfmumto}bk Fnbz wbka Zmhgfgx Omldbl

K``t Bgzgbn Lh K``tUmobibt A =+22

UMKANBTABBK

Bonblh}ogoobn dmtzw}f}t fmubhb nbhtbx Gobng hmkabk oglubn hbk f}tkgbKwb zbwb

dmtibwb lmkwgbufbk x}abzbk dbag f}tz}z D}hbwb hbk Umldmobibtbk .MH] :253'

wbka hgdmtgfbk+ Umtxblb zmfbog zbwb gkagk lmka}jbufbk xmtglb fbzgn fmubhb Ht+

Xbk Bg Lmg wbka lmldmtg umo}bka fmubhb zbwb dbag lmobfzbkbfbk x}abzbk gkg+

Xmtglb fbzgn i}ab hg}jbufbk fmubhb dmogb} fmtbkb dbkwbf lmldmtg ubkhbkabk/

x}ki}f bibt zmtxb lmkh`t`ka zbwb }kx}f xmt}z lmobfzbkbfbk x}abzbk wbka

lmldbkx} zbwb lmkwgbufbk x}abzbk gkg+

Fmh}bkwb/ zbwb gkagk lmka}jbufbk xmtglb fbzgn fmubhb tbfbk tbfbk zbwb

wbka dbkwbf lmldbkx} zbwb hbobl lmldmtgfbk umkhbubx lbzgka lbzgka wbka

lmld`omnfbk zbwb dmtcgfgt zmjbtb omdgn ftmbxgc hbobl lmobfzbkbfbk x}abzbk gkg

zblb bhb zmjbtb obkaz}ka bxb} xghbf obkaz}ka+ Zmlbkabx hbk h`t`kabk zmtxb

fmtibzblb wbka hgdmtgfbk zmlbzb lmkibobkfbk fbigbk i}ab hghbn}o}fbk hmkabk

tgd}bk xmtglb fbzgn+

X}abzbk gkg xghbf bfbk omkafbu xbkub tmzu`khmk wbka dbkwbf lmldbkx}

zmlbzb zbwb lmkibobkfbk fbigbk+ Zmxgkaag umkanbtabbk hgdmtgfbk fmubhb Uk+

Cbxglbn/ Jgf K`tgbn hbk Uk+ K`tb gbgx} a}t} hg zmf`obn wbka lmldbkx} zbwb

lmobkjbtfbk ut`zmz fbigbk zbwb+ Xghbf o}ub i}ab fmubhb l}tgh l}gth wbka

lmldbkx} lmobkjbtfbk ut`zmz z`bo zmoghgf hbk umlmtnbxgbk wbka hgibobkbfbk+

I}xbbk xmtglb fbzgn zmfbog obag fmubhb zml}b wbka xmtogdbx zmlbzb zbwb

lmkibobkfbk fbigbk gkg+

Bfngt fbxb/ zbwb dmtnbtbu babt nbzgo x}abzbk wbka zbwb obf}fbk gkg lmkmubxg

x}abzbk wbka hgdmtgfbk+ Zbwb i}ab dmtnbtbu babt x}abzbk gkg hbubx lmkh`t`ka hbk

lmldgldgka zbwb hbobl lmldgkb gkzbk a}t} wbka zmxmt}zkwb lmkibhgfbk hgtg zbwb

omdgn dmtzmlbkabx }kx}f lmkwmhgbfbk umo}bka umkhghgfbk wbka zblb hg fbobkabk

l}tgh zmxmt}zkwb lmldgkb zbnzgbn zmtxb fmjmlmtobkabk l}tgh zmz}bg hmkabk

lbxoblbx umkhghgfbk Kmabtb hmlg umldbka}kbk kmabtb+

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UMKHBN]O]BK

Zgzxml umkhghgfbk Lbobwzgb dmtlbxoblbx lmobngtfbk gkzbk wbka zmgldbka

hbtg zmag ibzlbkg/ ml`zg/ gkxmomf/ hbk t`nbkg zmxmt}zkwb dmt}ubwb dmtumtbkbk

zmdbabg qbtabkmabtb ut`h}fxgc wbka lblu} lmkh}f}ka sgzg hbk lgzg kmabtb+

Zmn}d}kabk hmkabk nbztbx fmtbibbk gx}/ zbobn zbx} hbtgubhb bamkhb Fmlmkxmtgbk

Umobibtbk Lbobwzgb gbobn }kx}f lmka}f}nfbk zml}b zmf`obn fmdbkazbbk .ZF'/

fmtbkb ZF hgx}d}nfbk zmdbabg qbnbkb }kx}f umtubh}bk tbfwbx umodbabg fb}l+ ZF

hgnbtbu hbubx hgibhgfbk xmlubx }kx}f amkmtbzg l}hb ngh}u dmtlbzwbtbfbx/ zbogka

dmfmtibzblb hmlg lmkibwbfbk qbqbzbk Kmabtb .UGUU/ 4553'+ Lmk}t}x N`ufgkz

.455='/ fbigbk fbigbk lmk}ki}ffbk zbobn zbx} cbfx`t umkanbobka fmubhb

umkjbubgbk zmf`obn gbobn d}hbwb `tabkgzbzg zmf`obn+ I}zxmt}/ tmc`tlbzg

umhghgfbk nbt}z lmldmtg c`f}z fmubhb d}hbwb xmtomdgn hbn}o} zmfgtbkwb l}x}

umkhghgfbk nmkhbf hgxgkafbxfbk+ Zmf`obn zmf`obn hg Lbobwzgb lmlu}kwbg

umtzblbbk hbtg zmag f}tgf}o}l/ dmkx}f dbka}kbk/ fmobwbfbk a}t}/ hbk utbzbtbkb+

Kbl}k wbka lmldmybfbk zmf`obn gbobn }kz}t d}hbwb zmf`obn hbk }kz}t gkgobn

wbka hgfbxbfbk umkmkx} ubhb fmdmtfmzbkbk zmf`obn .D`olbk # Hmbo/ 2772'+

D}hbwb zmf`obn blbx umkxgka hbobl lmlbzxgfbk dbnbqb l}tgh l}tgh

lmkhbubx fmumto}bk zmtxb umkhghgfbk wbka zblb tbxb xbkub q}i}hkwb

fmxghbfzblbbk umo}bka umkhghgfbk wbka dmtu}kjb hbtg bzumf fmobz z`zgbo/ ibkxgkb/

f}lu}obk lgk`tgxg/ hbk l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz+ Umodbabg }zbnb wbka xmobn

hgobf}fbk `omn ugnbf fmtbibbk dbag lmlbzxgfbk umo}bka umkhghgfbk dbag zmo}t}n

tbfwbx Lbobwzgb hbubx hgkgflbxg dmtzblb xghbf fgtb zblb bhb fmh}h}fbk zmf`obn hg

o}bt dbkhbt bxb} hg dbkhbt+ Kbl}k lbzgn xmthbubx i}tbka umtdmybbk bkxbtb

fmzblbtbxbbk hbobl umo}bka umkhghgfbk hg o}bt dbkhbt hbk hg dbkhbt wbka

lmkwmdbdfbk l}tgh hg o}bt dbkhbt fmdgbzbbkkwb zmobo} xmtjgjgt hbk fmxgkaabobk

hbobl z`bo umkhghgfbk+ Umtbkbk ugnbf zmf`obn/ a}t}/ gd} dbub zmtxb f`l}kgxg

blbx umkxgka hbobl lmlbzxgfbk zml}b l}tgh hbubx lmkgflbxg umo}bka umkhghgfbk

wbka zblb tbxb hmkabk lmldmkx}f umtzmfgxbtbk lmztb d}hbwb qbob}u}k

lbzwbtbfbx Lbobwzgb gbobn lbzwbtbfbx lbil}f wbka lmlu}kwbg umtdmybbk hbobl

obxbt dmobfbka zmxgbu fb}l+ Fmumodbabgbk fmo`lu`f z`zgbo wbka q}i}h lmzxgobn

hgfmzbk omdgn bqbo z}ubwb d}hbwb hg zmf`obn xghbf dmtjgtgfbk zmdbtbka }kz}t

}kz}t umtfb}lbk wbka d`omn lmkwmdbdfbk l}tgh fmjgjgtbk hbobl umobibtbk+

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2+5 F@KXMFZ X]ABZBK

Zgzxml umkhghgfbk Lbobwzgb ubhb }l}lkwb dmt`tgmkxbzgfbk umumtgfzbbk

hbk fmu}x}zbk umumtgfzbbk zmtgka hga}kbfbk zmdbabg gkhgfbx`t wbka umkxgka fmubhb

umkmkx}bk fmtibwb/ lmobki}xfbk umobibtbk/ hbk zmdbabg fbw} }f}t fmubhb

fmdmtfmzbkbk zmf`obn/ qbob}u}k Fmlmkxmtgbk Umobibtbk dmt}zbnb }kx}f

lmkibhgfbk zgzxml umkhghgfbk xghbf xmtobo} dmt`tgmkxbzgfbk umumtgfzbbk

.Ngznbl}hhgk N}zzmgk/ 4553'+ Fmu}x}zbk umumtgfzbbk hgfbxbfbk lmldmtg

abldbtbk xmkxbka umkjbubgbk zmf`obn wbka xghbf zblb/ qbob}u}k fmtbibbk

lmkwmhgbfbk umodbabg fml}hbnbk utbzbtbkb/ obxgnbk/ hbk a}t} xmtobxgn wbka nblugt

zblb+

Fmxghbfzblbbk umo}bka l}kafgk zbobn zbx} zmdbd lmkabub bhb umobibt

wbka dmtibwb hmkabk jmlmtobka bxb} f}tbka jmlmtobka+ Ubhb zmlmzxmt =/ zbwb

xmobn lmkibobkfbk utbfxgf}l hg zbobn zmd}bn zmf`obn hg fbqbzbk Jnmtbz/ F}bob

O}lu}t hbk zbwb hgdmtg z}d x}abzbk }kx}f lmobfzbkbfbk fbigbk dmtfbgxbk hmkabk

gz} hbk cmk`lmkb fmxghbfzblbbk umo}bka umkhghgfbk hg zmf`obn zmtxb lmkjbtg hbk

lmka}ubz cbfx`t wbka lmkwmdbdfbk gz} xmtzmd}x q}i}h hg zmf`obn+

Fbigbk J`omlbk mx bo+ .2733' dmtfbgxbk fmxghbfzblbbk umo}bka umkhghgfbkhgbkaabu zmdbabg xgxgf x`obf fmubhb fbigbk zmf`obn dmtfmzbk+ Fbigbk J`omlbk mx+ bo+

.2733' gkg dmtx}i}bk }kx}f lmkamkboubzxg cbfx`t cbfx`t wbka lmkw}ldbkafbk

fmubhb umtdmybbk umkjbubgbk bfbhmlgf hg fbobkabk umobibt umodbabg mxkgf+ I}zxmt}/

fbigbk wbka zbwb obf}fbk gkg bfbk lmkabldgo fgtb fbigbk zmf`obn dmtfmzbk hbk

fbigbk umkbldbndbgfbk zmf`obn hmkabk lmldmtg c`f}z fmubhb bzumf d}hbwb

zmf`obn hg zmf`obn hg lbkb zbwb lmkibobkfbk utbfxgf}l dbag lmlmk}ng x}abzbk

fmtib f}tz}z umkhmf dbag f}tz}z D}hbwb hbk Umldmobibtbk .MH] :253'+

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4+5 F@KZMU

FMXBFZBLBBK UMO]BKA UMKHGHGFBK

Zmxgbu zmf`obn lmkablbofbk d}hbwb wbka dmtdmyb hbk gkg xmtlbz}fobn hg

dbqbn bzumf fmxghbfzblbbk umo}bka umkhghgfbk wbka q}i}h hg fbobkabk l}tgh hg

Lbobwzgb+ Fmzblbbk umo}bka umkhghgfbk lmt}i}f fmubhb fmzblbbk nbzgo igfb

hgdmtg gku}x zmjbtb gkhgsgh} wbka zblb .J`omlbk/ 273>'+ Fmxghbfzblbbk umo}bka

hbobl umkhghgfbk dmtlbfz}h zmfbxbk nbf zmzm`tbka }kx}f lmkamldbkafbk

u`xmkzgkwb .Zgxg Lbzbw} T`zogbn/ 455>'+ F`kzmu fmxghbfzblbbk d`omn hgxbftgcfbk

zmdbabg ubkhbkabk/ umlgfgtbk hbk fmumtjbwbbk dbnbqb xmthbubxkwb umtdmybbk

bkxbtb bkaa`xb bxb} fmo`lu`f mxkgf obgk hmkabk f}lu}obk bxb} mxkgf obgk hbtgubhb

umodbabg bzumf zmumtxg fml}hbnbk/ umtbobxbk/ umo}bka fmtibwb hbk zmdbabgkwb+

Fmxbfzblbbk umo}bka umkhghgfbk hgt}i}f fmubhb fmbhbbk hg lbkb bfzmz fmubhb

umkhghgfbk xghbf zblb tbxb }kx}f zml}b umkh}h}f fmtbkb cbfx`t cbfx`t xmtxmkx}+

Hg Lbobwzgb/ fmxghbfzblbbk umkhghgfbk l}kafgk hgzmdbdfbk `omn cbfx`t zmumtxg

fmh}h}fbk zmf`obn/ obxbt dmobfbka umobibt/ zxbx}z z`zg`mf`k`lg/ umkjbubgbk

bfbhmlgf/ lgkbx umobibt/ umo}bka ngh}u/ z`zg`ogzbzg hbk umtdmybbk dbnbzb+ Lmk}t}x

Ybngt Ybgk}hhgk .4525' fmxghbfzblbbk umo}bka umkhghgfbk wbka dmtobf} hg Lbobwzgb

gkg bhbobn umto} hgxgxgf dmtbxfbk hbk hbubx hgdbnbagfbk fmubhb fmobz z`zgbo/ ibkxgkb/

f}lu}obk lgk`tgxg hbk l}tgh dmfmumto}bk fnbz+ Fmobz z`zgbo lmt}i}f fmubhb obugzbk

z`zgbo bxb} fmh}h}fbk zmz}bx} fmo`lu`f wbka zblb hbobl lbzwbtbfbx xbkub

lmkagtb hbzbt umldbnbagbk fmobz hbtg zmag fmqbkabk/ f}bzb/ u`ogxgf/ umfmtibbk

bxb} hbzbt obgk+

Zxboj}u .273>' xmobn lmkhmcgkgzgfbk fmobz z`zgbo zmdbabg obugzbk hbobl

lbzwbtbfbx/ hg lbkb lbk}zgb lmkabkaabu hgtg lmtmfb zblb hbtg zmag obxbt

dmobfbka fmo}btab/ umtgkafbx umkhghgfbk/ umfmtibbk/ tbz hbk zgfbu xmtnbhbu gz} gz}

z`zgbo+ Lbkbfbob Lmganbk .27>3' lmkimobzfbk dbnbqb qbob} bub jbtb hmcgkgzg fmobz

z`zgbo/ gb xmxbu lmkaabldbtfbk umtdmybbk jbtb ngh}u bxb} umkhbubxbk hbobl

zmz}bx} dbkazb wbka zblb+ Hbobl mtxg fbxb obgk fmobz z`zgbo bhbobn lmt}i}f fmubhb

obugzbk lbzwbtbfbx wbka hgdbnbagfbk lmkagf}x xbtbc umkhbubxbk bxb} umkhbubxbk

fmo}btab/ f}bzb hbk obxbt dmobfbka fmo}btab+ T`xnlbk .455=' lmkamtxgfbk fmobz

z`zgbo zmdbabg zbx} f}lu}obk gkhgsgh} wbka dmtbhb ubhb zbx} fmh}h}fbk wbka

zmt}ub hbobl zgzxml umkamo}btbk/ umkwmdbtbk hbk umkaa}kbbk dbnbk zmtxb

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umtfnghlbxbk hbobl lbzwbtbfbx+ Fmobz z`zgbo gkg lmt}ubfbk }kz}t }kz}t

umq}i}hbk fmxbfzblbbk umo}bka umkhghgfbk fmtbkb a`o`kabk bxbzbk wbka

dmtumkhbubxbk xgkaag lmlu}kwbg fm}ubwbbk fmqbkabk }kx}f lmkgflbxg bfzmz

fmubhb umodbabg ugognbk hbk umo}bka umkhghgfbk wbka zmhgb bhb zblb bhb hbobl

bxb} o}bt Kmabtb+

Hg Kmabtb wbka lbkb umtmlu}bk hbk omobfg lmkgflbxg umo}bka umkhghgfbk/

umk}t}kbk f}bzb babf dmtbx zmdmobn/ gbgx} umtmlu}bk zmkxgbzb hgbdbgfbk+

Fmxbfzblbbk ibkxgkb d`omn hgognbx hg zmf`obn hbtgubhb umdbabg bzumf zmumtxg

fmxgbhbbk fmzmoblbxbk hbobl fbobkabk umtmlu}bk/ }obka bogf fm zmf`obn/ dgbz

ibkxgkb hbobl d}f} xmfz hbk dbnbk umkabibtbk+ F}tgf}o}l d`omn lmkjguxb ghmb

ghmb xmkxbka fbzxb/ fmobz/ ghmkxgxg/ fmbablbbk hbk mxkgf+ Lbxoblbx zmzmxmkabn

f}tgf}o}l hgdmybfbk zmjbtb mfzuogzgx hbtgubhb bzumf ibkxgkb+ J`kx`nkwb xmthbubx hg

zmzmxmkabn zmf`obn wbka lmobtbka umtmlu}bk lmkagf}xg bfxgsgxg zmumtxg z}fbk wbka

lmlu}kwbg tgzgf` wbka xgkaag hbk lmtmfb omdgn jmkhmt}ka fmb tbn fmtib fmtib

tgkabk zmumtxg lmkabldgo lbxb umobibtbk Mf`k`lg T}lbn Xbkaab .MTX'+

Umkaa}dbo f}tgf}o}l hbk umkwmlbfbk zml}ob f}tgf}o}l umto} lmq}i}hfbk z}bx}

fmcbnblbk dbabglbkb umobibt hbk a}t} nbt}z dmtxgkhbf xmtnbhbu umodbabg dbnbk

umkabibtbk hbk umldmobibtbk+ Nbo gkg umto} fmtbkb umobibt omobfg hbk umtmlu}bklmlu}kwbg umlgfgtbk hbk abwb umldmobibtbk wbka dmtdmyb zmtxb a}t} nbt}z

dmtfmd`omnbk lmkamkbo ubzxg hbk lmkbkabkg gz} umtdmybbk hmkabk dmtfmzbk

.Nmgigkmk Lbbxn}gz/ 455>'+ Dmagx} i}ab hmkabk xbkaabubk dbnbqb umobibt

umtmlu}bk f}tbka lbngt hbk dmtlgkbx hbobl dghbka lbxmlbxgf hbk zbgkz+ Dbag

lmka}tbkafbk xbkaabubk gkg/ a}t} umto} lmlbzxgfbk xghbf q}i}hkwb zgfbu lmlgnbf

fmubhb omobfg zmjbtb dmtxmt}zbk .Dgzxb/ 4553'+

F}lu}obk lgk`tgxg lmt}i}f fmubhb a`o`kabk fmjgo `tbka wbka zblb

fmx}t}kbk/ bablb/ d}hbwb/ hbk zmdbabgkwb wbka xgkaabo hg zmd}bn xmlubx wbka

lbi`tgxw umkh}h}fkwb dmtobgkbk fmx}t}kbk/ bablb/ hbk zmdbabgkwb .Fbl}z Hmqbk/

4551'+ Hg Lbobwzgb xmthbubx : fb}l }xblb gbgx} Lmobw}/ Jgkb hbk Gkhgb+ Dbkazb

Lmobw} hgfbxma`tgfbk zmdbabg f}lu}obk lbi`tgxg fmtbkb i}lobn umkh}h}f dbkazb

Lmobw} bhbobn ubogka tblbg dmtdbkhgka dbkazb obgk+ Lbkbfbob Jgkb/ Gkhgb/

Fbhbybk/ Gdbk/ Dghbw}n/ @tbka Bzog hbk f}lu}obk mxkgf wbka obgk lmt}ubfbk

f}lu}obk lgk`tgxg+ F}lu}obk lgk`tgxg hg zmf`obn d`omn hgfobzgcgfbzgfbk lmkagf}xfbxma`tg xmtxmkx}+ Bkxbtb f}lu}obk lgk`tgxg wbka d`omn hgfbxma`tgfbk gbobn l}tgh

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wbka dmtzgcbx kmabxgc zmumtxg wbka z}fb u`kxmka fmobz hbk zmf`obn/ umld}og/ z}fb

lmt`f`f hbk lmlu}kwbg lbzbobn z`zgbo wbka d`omn lmkimibzfbk umkjbubgbk

lmtmfb hbobl bfbhmlgf zmtxb lmld}t}ffbk kblb zmf`obn+ Fmzml}b f}lu}obk

lgk`tgxg gkg umto} hgdmtg umtnbxgbk z}ubwb lmtmfb xghbf xmt}z xmtjgjgt hbobl bt}z

umkhghgfbk+ Umtnbxgbk umto} hgdmtgfbk fmubhb f}lu}obk lgk`tgxg gkg z}ubwb lmtmfb

xghbf lmkh`lgkbzg zgx}bzg hg zmf`obn hbk zmxmt}zkwb lmldbkx}xfbk z}bzbkb

umldmobibtbk hg zmf`obn+

L}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz lmkagf}x Ht+ Jn}b Xmm Xmm .27>4' lmt}ubfbk

zbx} ut`atbl umkhghgfbk wbka hgtbkjbkafbk fnbz }kx}f fbkbf fbkbf gzxglmqb/

bxb} o}bt dgbzb hbtg zmag gkxmomf/ ibzlbkg/ z`zgbo bxb} ml`zg+ Xmthbubx xbkaabubk

kmabxgc hbtgubhb gd} dbub hbk umkibab xmtnbhbu bkbf zblb bhb bkbf lmtmfb gx}

k`tlbo bxb} dmtfmumto}bk fnbz+ Xmthbubx h}b fbxma`tg l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz

gbgx} fbxma`tg lbzbobn hbk fbxma`tg lbzbobn fn}z}z+ Lmkagf}x K`tbgkg Zboomn .277='/

zmdmo}l xbn}k 2735/ f`l}kgxg l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz hg Kmabtb fgxb nbkwb

hgzmhgbfbk fml}hbnbk umkhghgfbk hg umtgkafbx zmf`obn tmkhbn zbnbib+ Lmtmfb xghbf

dmtumo}bka }kx}f lmkwbld}ka umobibtbk lmtmfb fm umtgkafbx wbka omdgn xgkaag

zmngkaab xbn}k 2734 hg lbkb f}lu}obk l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz gkg hgdmtgfbk

umo}bka }kx}f lmkmt}zfbk umobibtbk lmtmfb hg zmf`obn lmkmkabn lmobo}gtbkjbkabk umtjbkx}lbk+ Bfxb Umkhghgfbk 2732 lmkwbxbfbk dbnbqb fmtbibbk

lmkabf}g fbkbf fbkbf dmtfmumto}bk fnbz gkg lmlu}kwbg nbf }kx}f lmkanbhgtg

umtzmf`obnbk c`tlbo hbk fmtbibbk xmobn lmldmtgfbk umtnbxgbk hbk lmlbgkfbk

umtbkbk wbka bfxgc hbobl umkhghgfbk }kx}f l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz/ j`kx`nkwb

lmkwmhgbfbk fml}hbnbk zmtxb fmumto}bk fm bxbz l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz+ Fgkg

Zmf`obn Umkhghgfbk Fnbz .ZUF' xmobn hgx}d}nfbk }kx}f l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz

z}ubwb lmtmfb d`omn dmthgfbtg hbk lmldmtgfbk z}ldbkabk fmubhb kmabtb+

Fmlmkxmtgbk Umobibtbk Lbobwzgb i}ab lmkagxmatbzgfbk ut`atbl Umkhghgfbk Fnbz

Gkxmatbzg hbobl zmf`obn bogtbk umthbkb zmtxb umkhmfbxbk gkfo}zgc hbobl zmf`obn

dgbzb+ Nbo gkg zmobtbz hmkabk nbztbx bkxbtbdbkazb hg lbkb umkhghgfbk hgzmhgbfbk

}kx}f zml}b .Mh}jbxg`k c`t Boo'+

Gluogfbzg fmxghbfzblbbk umo}bka umkhghgfbk hg Lbobwzgb d`omn hgognbx

hbtgubhb umt}x}zbk Xbn}k Dbt} 4553 `omn Hbx` Zmtg Ngznbl}hhgk X}k N}zzmgk

wbka lmkwbxbfbk lmtbubxfbk i}tbka umkhghgfbk wbka lmtbkaf}lg i}tbka bkxbtbDbkhbt hbk o}bt Dbkhbt/ i}tbka bkxbtb wbka lgzfgk hbk fbwb/ i}tbka hgagxbo hbk

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i}tbka bkxbtb lmtmfb wbka dmfmumto}bk fnbz babt xghbf bhb zmdbtbka a`o`kabk

wbka xmtjgjgt hbtg bt}z umldbka}kbk Kmabtb+ Cmk`lmkb wbka dmtobf} hg Lbobwzgb

ubhb lbzb fgkg omdgn lmki}t}z fmubhb umtdmybbk fmjmlmtobkabk hbobl fbobkabk

umobibt o}bt dbkhbt hbk dbkhbt hg lbkb mkt`olmk hbk utmzxbzg fmjmlmtobkabk

umobibt o}bt dbkhbt hgognbx babf l}kh}t igfb hgdbkhgkafbk hmkabk umobibt hg dbkhbt

.L}tbh L`nh K``t/ 2712'+ Gkg lmt}ubfbk gz} umkxgka wbka umto} hgdmtg umtnbxgbk hbk

xgkhbfbk zmqbibtkwb+ ]zbnb wbka hgobfzbkbfbk `omn fmtbibbk }kx}f lmq}i}hfbk

fmzblbbk umo}bka umkhghgfbk hg Lbobwzgb gbobn umkhghgfbk umtj}lb ubhb zml}b

umtgkafbx/ lmkabhbfbk f}tgf}o}l wbka zblb/ umo}bka hgdmtg xghbf lmkagtb obxbt

dmobfbka l}tgh/ lmkaa}kbfbk dbnbzb umkabkxbt dbnbzb Lbkhbtgk hbk Xblgo hg

zmf`obn imkgz fmdbkazbbk/ lmkabhbfbk zgzxml umtzmf`obnbk wbka zblb/ lmldmtg

dbkx}bk umtzmf`obnbk fmubhb zml}b/ zfgl ugkiblbk d}f} xmfz/ zgzxml db}jmt

x}gzwmk/ hbk lmq}i}hfbk bfxb umkhghgfbk+

FMUMODBABGBK FMO@LU@F

Lmk}t}x Fbl}z Hmqbk .4551' lmkhmcgkgzgfbk d}hbwb zmdbabg xblbh}k/

umtbhbdbk/ fmlbi}bk cgfgtbk hbk bfbo d}hg+ Lbkbfbob fmd}hbwbbk hgimobzfbk

zmdbabg fmzmo}t}nbk jbtb ngh}u wbka lmtbkaf}lg jbtb dmtxgkhbf/ dmtfmobf}bk/ hbk

dmtcgfgt+ Lmk}t}x F`mkxibktbkgkabx .4554'/ d}hbwb lmt}ubfbk fmzmo}t}nbk

umlgfgtbk hbk nbzgo fbtwb lbk}zgb wbka dmtbzbzfbk umldmobibtbk+ Lmkagf}x B+

Bygy Hmtblbk .2778'/ igfb xgbhb lbzwbtbfbx lbfb xghbf bhb d}hbwb+ Fm}kgfbk

Lbobwzgb bhbobn lbzwbtbfbx lbil}f wbka xmthgtg hbtgubhb umodbabg fb}l zmumtxg/

Lmobw}/ Jgkb/ Gkhgb/ Fbhbybk/ Gdbk/ hbk obgk obgk obag+ Fmumodbabgbk fmo`lu`f

wbka xmthbubx hg Lbobwzgb bhbobn fmtbkb xmthbubxkwb fmumodbabgbk imkgz fb}l hbk

mxkgf+

Zbwb xmobn dmtutbfxgf}l hg zmf`obn hg zmfgxbt Jnmtbz/ F}bob O}lu}t hbk xmobn

lmld}bx umlmtnbxgbk xmtnbhbu fmumodbabgbk fmo`lu`f hg zmf`obn+ Lmk}t}x

Lbjgsmt .27>2'/ fmo`lu`f mxkgf lmt}ubfbk z}bx} fmzbx}bk dmthbzbtfbk fmzmhbtbk

lgkbx hbk k`ks`o}kxbtw+ Zmjbtb }l}lkwb/ mxkgf xghbf lmlu}kwbg `tabkgzbzg wbka

c`tlbo hbk hbtg zmag tmobxgckwb bhbobn xmtnbh zbgykwb/ hg lbkb bnog bnog

hgn}d}kafbk dmtzblb `omn umtn}d}kabk }xblb hbk zmf}khmt+ Hg zmf`obn zbwb

dmtutbfxgf}l/ xmthbubx = f}lu}obk mxkgf wbka d`omn hgfmkbo ubzxg gbgx} Lmobw}/

Gkhgb/ Jgkb/ Gkh`kmzgb/ hbk Fbhbybk+ Fb}l Lmobw} lmt}ubfbk f}lu}obk lbi`tgxg

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hg zmf`obn gkg hbk lmlu}kwbg dgobkabk l}tgh lmomdgng zmubt}n hbtgubhb i}lobn

l}tgh lbkbfbob zmomdgnkwb bhbobn f}lu}obk lgk`tgxg wbka xmthgtg hbtgubhb Gkhgb/

Jgkb/ Gkh`kmzgb hbk Fbhbybk+ Mxkgf xmobn lmldmkx}f f`kzmu f`kzmu obgk zmumtxg

mxkgfzgxg/ mxk`zmkxtglm/ hbk hgzftglgkbzg+ Hg zmf`obn xmhbubx }kz}t hgzftglgkbzg wbka

d`omn hgognbx hmkabk jbtb obwbkbk zmtxb umlgfgtbk l}tgh dmtdbkazb Lmobw} xmtnbhbu

fb}l Gkhgb+ Hgzftglgkbzg gbobn ubkhbkabk/ umlgfgtbk hbk fmumtjbwbbk kmabxgc `omn

zmfmo`lu`f mxkgf xmtnbhbu fmo`lu`f mxkgf obgk wbka lmlumkabt}ng umtgobf} ugnbf

wbka dmtubkhbkabk kmabxgc+ L}tgh dmtdbkazb Lmobw} hg zmf`obn gkg zmkxgbzb

lmlbkhbka tmkhbn hbk dmtcgfgtbk kmabxgc xmtnbhbu fb}l Gkhgb fmtbkb zgfbu l}tgh

Gkhgb gkg wbka zmkxgbzb lmobf}fbk fmzbobnbk hgzguogk hbk z}fb lmobqbk a}t}+

Lmtmfb lmlu}kwbg umkgobgbk kmabxgc xmtnbhbu jgtg jgtg mxkgf Gkhgb hbk

zmxmt}zkwb lmkwmdbdfbk lmtmfb lmkwgzgnfbk l}tgh Gkhgb hmkabk jbtb xghbf

dmtab}o hbk zmkxgbzb dmtzblb mxkgf lbzgka lbzgka+

Tbz gbobn fmo`lu`f lbk}zgb wbka lmlu}kwbg umtzblbbk hbtg zmag cgygfbo+

Jgtg jgtg cgygfbo xmtzmd}x hgxmkx}fbk `omn dbfb wbka hgqbtgzg `omn amkmtbzg fm

amkmtbzg wbka obgk+ F`kzmu umkxgka wbka dmtfbgx hmkabk tbz gbobn tbzgzlm+ Tbzgzlm

q}i}h hbobl h}b xbnbu gbgx} gkhgsgh} hbk gkzxgx}zg+ Tbzgzlm ubhb xbnbu gkhgsgh}

gbobn fmumtjbwbbk dbnbqb bhb tbz xmtxmkx} wbka dmtzxbx}z omdgn }kaa}o hbk bhb tbzwbka dmtzxbx}z omdgn tmkhbn+ Lbkbfbob /dbag xbnbu gkzxgx}zg tbzgzlm lmogdbxfbk

hbzbt hbk umobfzbkbbk wbka dmtzgcbx hgzftglgkbzg wbka bfngtkwb lmq}i}hfbk

fmxghbfzblbbk ubhb gkhgsgh} hbtgubhb tbz wbka obgk+ Hg zmf`obn zbwb dmtutbfxgf}l

tbz q}i}h hbobl fbobkabk qbtab hg zmf`obn gkg wbka lmogdbxfbk a}t} hbk l}tgh+

L}tgh hg zmf`obn gkg bhbobn ubogka tblbg hbtg dbkazb Lmobw} hbk wbka fmh}b xmtblbg

gbobn l}tgh dmtdbkazb Gkh`kmzgb xmxbug lmlu}kwbg zxbx}z qbtabkmabtb Lbobwzgb

`omn fmtbkb lmtmfb hgobngtfbk hg Lbobwzgb+ Xmthbubx dmdmtbub `tbka a}t} Lmobw}

hg zmf`obn gkg dmtcgfgtbk kmabxgc xmtnbhbu l}tgh dmtdbkazb Gkh`kmzgb gkg gbgx}

lmtmfb gkagk lmka}bzbg hbk lmkgflbxg fmgzxglmqbbk zmdbabg tbfwbx Lbobwzgb wbka

bfngtkwb d`omn lmkwmdbdfbk tbfwbx Lbobwzgb zmkhgtg xghbf lblu} lmkhbubx

fmgzxglmqbbk `omn fmtbkb umtzbgkabk bkxbtb l}tgh l}tgh gkg imobz lmk}ki}ffbk

l}tgh dbkazb Gkh`kmzgb omdgn nmdbx hbtg l}tgh D}lgu}xmtb+ Gkg lmkwmdbdfbk a}t}

a}t} gkg lmlgogn l}tgh }kx}f lmldmtgfbk ibqbxbk bxb} ubkafbx z}ubwb xghbf omdgn

fmubhb l}tgh hbtg obxbt dmobfbka dbkazb Gkh`kmzgb gkg+

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F`kzmu fmumodbabgbk fmo`lu`f hbtg zmag lgk`tgxg hg zmf`obn gkg hbubx hgognbx

hbtg zmag jgtg jgtg l}tgh hbk fb}l+ Lmk}t}x K`tgbxg B+ Tbzngh .4522' lgk`tgxg

lmt}i}f fmubhb f}lu}obk umkh}h}f hgbkaabu zmdbabg f}lu}obk wbka omdgn tmkhbn

zxbx}zkwb hbk zmtgka hghgzftglgkbzgfbk+ Hg zmf`obn zbwb dmtutbfxgf}l f}lu}obk

lgk`tgxg dbag jgtg jgtg l}tgh hbubx hgognbx hmkabk i}lobn l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz

hbk l}tgh dmtlbzbobn umldmobibtbk wbka zbkabx zmhgfgx dmtdbkhgka l}tgh k`tlbo+

Zmf`obn gkg lmt}ubfbk zmf`obn fmdbkazbbk dgbzb wbka xghbf lmlu}kwbg

umkafn}z}zbk hbk fmubfbtbk hbobl dghbka Umkhghgfbk Fnbz hbk hgzmdbdfbk gkg

l}tgh dgbzb bhbobn omdgn tblbg+ Dbag fb}l u}ob/ lgk`tgxg hg zmf`obn gkg gbobn

fb}l Gkhgb/ Jgkb hbk Fbhbybk wbka d`omn hgdgobka dmtbub `tbka l}tgh zbnbib hbtg

fb}l gkg wbka dmtzmf`obn hg zmf`obn gkg+

Lmk}t}x T`}tmjf hbk Qbttmk .2717'/ lbzwbtbfbx lmt}ubfbk zbx} f}lu}obk

lbk}zgb wbka dmtn}d}ka zmjbtb xmxbu hbk xmtz}z}k hbobl lmkibobkfbk bfxgsgxg

zmjbtb f`omfxgc zmtxb lmtbzbfbk dbnbqb lmtmfb ngh}u dmtzblb+ Xmthbubx

n}d}kabk n}d}kabk xmt}z lmkmt}z hbobl fbobkabk lmtmfb wbka lbzgn ngh}u hbk

fmfbo zmoblb dmtbdbh bdbh+ Gkg dmtlbfkb lbzwbtbfbx gbobn f}lu}obk gkhgsgh}

wbka lmlu}kwbg n}d}kabk zmjbtb xmxbu zmtxb lmkibobkfbk bfxgsgxg dmtzblb+ Zmjbtb

}l}lkwb/ lbzwbtbfbx gbobn f}lu}obk lbk}zgb wbka dmtf`kazg z}bx} qgobwbn hbkd}hbwb+ Hg zmf`obn bhbobn xmta`o`ka hbobl f`kzmu lbzwbtbfbx hg lbkb a}t}/

l}tgh zmtxb fbfgxbkabk zmf`obn zmkxgbzb dmtgkxmtbfzg bkxbtb zbx} zblb obgk+ Hg

zmf`obn zmxgbu qbtab bhbobn ngh}u zmjbtb dmtfmo`lu`f hbk lmkaboblg umt}dbnbk

dmtzblb bhbobn lbzwbtbfbx+ Dmagx} i}ab hmkabk d}hbwb wbka hgdmkx}f hg zmf`obn

hgf`kazg hbk hgblbofbk dmtzblb `omn qbtab zmf`obn wbka lmkibhgfbk zmf`obn gkg

gbobn zmd}bn lbzwbtbfbx+

Fmo`lu`f lmt}ubfbk zmf}lu}obk lbk}zgb wbka lmlgogfg fmzmhbtbk wbka

zblb xmkxbka fmbkaa`xbbk bnogkwb/ zmtgka dmtgkxmtbfzg hbk hgdmkx}f `omn

lbzwbtbfbx+ Xmthbubx h}b imkgz fmo`lu`f gbgx} fmo`lu`f bzbz hbk fmo`lu`f

zmf}khmt+ Hg zmf`obn fmo`lu`f bzbz hbubx hgfmkbo ubzxg `omn zbwb hg lbkb hbtg

zmag n}d}kabk hbobl fmo`lu`f xmtzmd}x lmkamkbog bkxbtb zbx} zblb obgk hmkabk

tbubx+ N}d}kabk lmtmfb hgzmtxbg `omn ml`zg gbgx} fbzgn zbwbka bkxbtb a}t} hmkabk

l}tgh/ a}t} hmkabk a}t}/ zmtxb l}tgh hmkabk l}tgh+ N}d}kabk lmtmfb bhbobn fmfbo

hbk lmtmfb zmkxgbzb dmtgkxmtbfzg zmtxb zbogka x`o`ka lmk`o`ka hbk dmfmtibzblbhbobl lmobf}fbk zmdbtbka bfxgsgxg+

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:+5 GZ] FMXGHBFZBLBBK UMO]BKA UMKHGHGFBK

Lmobo}g dmdmtbub umlmtnbxgbk wbka hgobf}fbk fmubhb umobibt hg zmf`obn hg

lbkb zbwb dmtutbfxgf}l/ zbwb lmkhbubxg xmthbubx : gz} bxb} cmk`lmkb wbka

xmthbubx hg zmf`obn gkg wbka lmogdbxfbk fmxghbfzblbbk umo}bka umkhghgfbk+ Bkxbtbgz} gkg gbobn .g' Zgfbu utmi}hgz a}t} xmtnbhbu l}tgh lgk`tgxg Gkh`kmzgb hmkabk xghbf

lmldmtg umo}bka fmubhb l}tgh }kx}f lmlmabka lbkb,lbkb ibqbxbk/ .gg' Zgfbu

hgzftglgkbzg l}tgh zmjbtb bl xmtnbhbu l}tgh lgk`tgxg fb}l Gkhgb/ hbk .ggg' Obwbkbk

a}t} wbka f}tbka utgnbxgk xmtnbhbu l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz+ Hbobl umk}ogzbk gkg/

zbwb nbkwb lmldmtg c`f}z fn}z}z fmubhb gz} obwbkbk hgnbhbug `omn l}tgh

dmtfmumto}bk fnbz/ hbk f}ubzbk gz} gkg hgibobkfbk lmkmt}zg fbigbk fmz xmtnbhbu

zm`tbka l}tgh xbn}k 2 wbka lmkaboblg lbzbobn fmjbjbxbk ubhb fbfg hbk zmhgfgxomldbl wbka d`omn hgfbxma`tgfbk zmdbabg l}tgh dmtumkhghgfbk fnbz hgnbkxbt fm

zmf`obn gkg hbk xghbf hgdmtgfbk lbkb lbkb fmgzxglmqbbk+ Fbkbf fbkbf

dmtfmumto}bk fnbz bhbobn lmt}i}f fmubhb fbkbf fbkbf wbka lmlmto}fbk

umtnbxgbk hbk umkibabbk wbka dmtdmyb dmtdbkhgka hmkabk fbkbf fbkbf k`tlbo+

Fbkbf fbkbf gkg dmtdmyb hbtgubhb fbkbf fbkbf k`tlbo hbtg zmag jgtg jgtg lmkxbo/

fm}ubwbbk hmtgb/ xgkafbn obf} hbk ml`zg/ fm}ubwbbk dmtf`l}kgfbzg/ hbk jgtg jgtg

cgygfbo+ Fgtf mx bo .277:' lmkimobzfbk hmcgkgzg fbkbf fbkbf dmfmumto}bk fnbz

zmdbabg fbkbf fbkbf wbka dmtdmyb hbtg fbkbf fbkbf zmhmtnbkb bxb} dgbzb

hbobl jgtg jgtg lmkxbo+ Lmk}t}x Iblgogb .455='/ fbkbf fbkbf fnbz dmtdmyb hbobl

bzumf jgtg jgtg lmkxbo/ fm}ubwbbk zmkz`tg bxb} hmtgb/ fm}ubwbbk f`l}kgfbzg/

xgkafbn obf} z`zgbo hbk jgtg jgtg cgygfbo+ @omn wbka hmlgfgbk fbkbf fbkbf fnbz

lmlmto}fbk l`hgcgfbzg bxb} umt}dbnbk hbobl bfxgsgxg bfxgsgxg zmf`obn bxb}u}k

umtfnghlbxbk umkhghgfbk fnbz dmtx}i}bk lmkamldbkafbk u`xmkzg hgtg fbkbf

fbkbf fnbz fm xbnbu `uxgl}l hbk xghbf xmtbdbg zmumtxg fbkbf fbkbf k`tlbo+

Bfxb Umkhghgfbk 2773 zmfzwmk :24 .Cbttmo/ 455:' lmkwbxbfbk fbkbf

fbkbf gx} hgfbxbfbk lmlmto}fbk fmumto}bk fnbz igfb lmtmfb lmlu}kwbg lbzbobn

hbobl bzumf umldmobibtbk wbka lmlmto}fbk umt}kx}fbk umkhghgfbk fn}z}z

xmtnbhbu lmtmfb+ Lmtmfb hgfbxbfbk lmkanbhbug lbzbobn hbobl bzumf

umldmobibtbk igfb lmtmfb lmlu}kwbg lbzbobn umldmobibtbk wbka dmzbt

dmtdbkhgka fbkbf fbkbf zmdbwb hmkabkkwb/ lmlu}kwbg fmjbjbxbk wbka

lmkanbobkakwb lmka}kbfbk fml}hbnbk umkhghgfbk wbka hga}kbfbk `omn fbkbf

fbkbf wbka zmdbwb hmkabkkwb/ hbk lmtmfb hg dbqbn }l}t qbigd dmtzmf`obn hbk

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dmtbhb hg fbxma`tg xghbf d`omn lmkaa}kbfbk fml}hbnbk umkhghgfbk wbka dgbzb+

Dmthbzbtfbk fmkwbxbbk xmtzmd}x l}tgh xbn}k 2 gkg umto} hgdmtgfbk

fmgzxglmqbbk hbtg zmag fml}hbnbk/ zmtxb umkhmfbxbk zxtbxmag umkabibtbk wbka

dmtobgkbk z}ubwb l}tgh xmtzmd}x xghbf xmtjgjgt hbtg umldmobibtbk dmtdbkhgka fbkbf

fbkbf obgk+ Znmgob # Zblzgobn .4553' lmkafbxma`tgfbk l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz

bhbobn fbkbf fbkbf wbka lmlmto}fbk umkhmfbxbk umkabibtbk hbk

umldmobibtbk wbka dmtdmyb hmkabk l}tgh dgbzb+ Lmk}t}x xml}d}bo wbka

hgibobkfbk fm bxbz a}t} fmobz dbag l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz xmtzmd}x/ obwbkbk wbka

hgdmtgfbk fmubhb l}tgh xmtzmd}x bhbobn zblb zmumtxg l}tgh obgk hbk l}tgh xmtzmd}x

umto} lmkaa}kbfbk fml}hbnbk wbka zmhgb bhb fmtbkb xgbhb umt}kx}fbk }kx}f

lmld}bx fml}hbnbk dbag l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz lmlbkhbkafbk nbkwb zm`tbka

l}tgh wbka lmkaboblg lbzbobn gkg+ Hg zgkg fgxb hbubx zglu}ofbk l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk

fnbz gkg xghbf hgdmtgfbk fml}hbnbk wbka zmubx}xkwb `omn ugnbf zmf`obn+ Lmobo}g

xml}d}bo hmkabk a}t} xmtzmd}x/ dmogb} lmkwbxbfbk dbnbqb/ dmogb} xmobn lmkbzgnbxg

gd} dbub l}tgh gx} z}ubwb l}tgh xmtzmd}x hgnbkxbt fm zmf`obn wbka lmlu}kwbg

fml}hbnbk dbag l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz kbl}k/ gd} dbub mkaabk lmkanbkxbt

bkbfkwb fm zmf`obn xmtzmd}x hbk dmtfmtbz }kx}f lmkanbkxbt bkbfkwb fm zmf`obn

dgbzb+ Bubdgob qbfx} Umkhghgfbk Ibzlbkg l}tgh xmtzmd}x nbkwb lblu} lmognbx

tbfbk tbfbkkwb dmtlbgk hbk gkg lmk}ki}ffbk fmxghbfzblbbk umo}bka

umkhghgfbk fmtbkb a}t} xghbf lmlu}kwbg fmlbngtbk hbobl lmkabibt l}tgh

dmtfmumto}bk fnbz+

8+5 @DIMFXGC FBIGBK

8+2 @dimfxgc ]l}l

@dimfxgc fbigbk gkg gbobn }kx}f lmkamkbo ubzxg gz} fmxghbfzblbbk umo}bka

umkhghgfbk wbka dmtobf} hg Lbobwzgb hbk u}kjb wbka lmkwmdbdfbk gz}

fmxghbfzblbbk umo}bka umkhghgfbk xmtzmd}x q}i}h hg zmf`obn+

8+4 @dimfxgc Fn}z}z

8+4+2 Lmlbnblg f`kzmu fmxghbfzblbbk umkhghgfbk wbka dmtobf} hg

Lbobwzgb

8+4+4 Lmkamkbo ubzxg cmk`lmkb hbk gz} fmxghbfzblbbk umo}bka umkhghgfbk

wbka dmtobf} hg zmf`obn

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8+4+: Lmkamkbo ubzxg hbk lmkabkbogzgz u}kjb hbk cbfx`t fmxghbfzblbbk

umo}bka umkhghgfbk wbka dmtobf}

8+4+8 Lmkjbtg jbtb dbag lmkwmomzbgfbk gz} bxb} lbzbobn wbka dmtobf}

hmkabk lmtbkafb jbhbkabk xgkhbfbk z}z}obk

8+4+= Lmlbnblg f`kzmu d}hbwb wbka dmtobf} hg zmf`obn hbk fmumkxgkabk

umtbkbk a}t} hbk umkxbhdgt zmf`obn zmdbabg umkjmx}z d}hbwb dbt}

=+5 LMX@H@O@AG FBIGBK

FBMHBN XML]D]BO

Bk gkxmtsgmq gz b ugmjm `c z`jgbo gkxmtbjxg`k qgxn `km umtz`k bzfgka bk`xnmt b

k}ldmt `c r}mzxg`kz bkh xnm `xnmt umtz`k agsgka bkzqmt/ .Xnmtmzm O+ Dbfmt/ 2777'+

Xml}h}ab gbobn gkxmtbfzg z`zgbo hmkabk fbmhbn umtd}bobk gbgx} zm`tbka dmtxbkwb

fmubhb `tbka xmtxmkx} hbk `tbka xmtzmd}x lmkibqbd z`bobk wbka hgxbkwb+ Zbwb

xmobn lmkml}d}bo : `tbka a}t} hg zmf`obn zbwb dmtutbfxgf}l dbag lmkhbubxfbk

lbfo}lbx lmkamkbg gz} fmxghbfzblbbk umo}bka umkhghgfbk wbka dmtobf} hg zmf`obn

xmtzmd}x hbk cbfx`t bxb} u}kjb wbka lmkwmdbdfbk gz} xmtzmd}x hgdbkafgxfbk+ A}t}

umxblb .A2' wbka xmobn hgxml}d}bo gbobn Uk+ CC gbgx} lmt}ubfbk a}t} wbka

dmtumkaboblbk hbk z}hbn oblb dmfnghlbx hg zmf`obn gkg+ A}t} fmh}b .A4' gbobn Uk+

KK wbka lmt}ubfbk a}t} dbt} hg zmf`obn hbk i}ab lmt}ubfbk a}t} wbka

lmlu}kwbg zmlbkabx xgkaag hbobl lmkibobkfbk xbkaa}kaibqbd+ A}t} wbka xmtbfngt

.A:' gbobn Uk+ TT wbka lmt}ubfbk a}t} fmobz dbag l}tgh xbn}k 2 Hgkblgf+

FBMHBN UMLMTNBXGBK

Lmkagf}x fbl}z Hmqbk Dbnbzb hbk U}zxbfb umlmtnbxgbk dmtlbfz}h

lmkablbx zmz}bx}+ Umlmtnbxgbk bhbobn zbx} xgkafbn obf} lbk}zgb wbka lmkgobg

zmz}bx} fmbhbbk dmkhb bxb} fmibhgbk hg zmz}bx} xmlubx+ Zbwb xmobn lmld}bx

umlmtnbxgbk gz} hbk cmk`lmkb xmkxbka fmxghbfzblbbk umo}bka umkhghgfbk wbka

dmtobf} hg zmf`obn zbwb dmtutbfxgf}l hbk zbwb lmkhbubxg xmthbubx : gz} wbka hbubx

hgfbxma`tgfbk zmdbabg gz} fmxghbfzblbbk umo}bka umkhghgfbk+ Zbwb lmlgogn zbx}

gz} wbka ubogka fmxbtb }kx}f hgdgkjbkafbk zmjbtb imobz hbk fxgxgfbo+

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2:

T]I]FBK UMTU]ZXBFBBK

Zbwb i}ab xmobn lmld}bx t}i}fbk hg umtu}zxbfbbk hbk gkxmtkmx dbag lmkamkbo ubzxg

gz} wbka dmtfbgxbk hmkabk fmxghbfzblbbk umkhghgfbk hg Lbobwzgb hbk cbfx`t

wbka lmkwmdbdfbk fmxghbfzblbbk umkhghgfbk hg Lbobwzgb+ Zbwb i}ab xmobn lmkjbtg

dbnbk t}i}fbk wbka dmtfbgxbk hmkabk d}hbwb hg zmf`obn hbk f`kzmu fmxghbfzblbbk

umo}bka umkhghgfbk dbag lmlbnblg x}abzbk wbka hgdmtgfbk zmjbtb omdgn xmtumtgkjg+

3+5 BKBOGZGZ HBXB

Dbag gz} fn}z}z gkg/ l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz xghbf hgdmtgfbk bub bub

fmgzxglmqbbk hbtg zmag fml}hbnbk hbk zxtbxmag umkabibtbk wbka dmtdmyb

hmkabk l}tgh dgbzb/ zbwb lmkhbubxg gz} gkg umto} hgdmtg umtnbxgbk qbob}u}k zm`tbka

l}tgh zbnbib wbka lmkaboblg lbzbobn gkg+ Lmobo}g xml}d}bo dmtzblb a}t} fmobz

l}tgh xmtzmd}x/ a}t} xmtzmd}x lmkwbxbfbk dbnbqb obwbkbk wbka hgdmtgfbk bhbobn

zblb zmumtxg l}tgh dgbzb hgzmdbdfbk l}tgh xmtzmd}x nbkwb xmta`o`ka hbobl

f}lu}obk lgk`tgxg gbgx} zm`tbka zbnbib+ @omn wbka hmlgfgbk/ a}t} nbkwb

lmkaa}kbfbk fbmhbn zblb zmumtxg l}tgh dgbzb z}ubwb zmxgbu l}tgh dmtzblb

zblb xmt}z fm nbhbubk+

A}t} xghbf d`omn lmldmtgfbk x}lu}bk nbkwb fmubhb l}tgh

dmtfmumto}bk fnbz fmtbkb lbzgn tblbg l}tgh dgbzb wbka lmlmto}fbk dbkx}bk

hbobl umldmobibtbk lmlbkhbkafbk fmobz xmtzmd}x lmlu}kwbg dgobkabk l}tgh ::

`tbka+ Qbob}dbabglbkbu}k a}t} bfbk lmldbkx} zmxbfbx wbka lblu} zmfgtbkwb

bhb fmobubkabk hbk igfb l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz xmtzmd}x gkagk lmkaa}kbfbk

fml}hbnbk zmumtxg xbkhbz/ a}t} bfbk lmldbkx} lmk`obf fmt}zg t`hb wbka hgkbgfg

fm xbkhbz+ Fml}hbnbk zmumtxg xbkhbz bxb} fbkxgk xghbf hgzmhgbfbk fnbz fmubhb

l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz gkg fmtbkb lmk}t}x nbzgo xml}d}bo/ a}t} xmtzmd}x

lmkwbxbfbk umt}kx}fbk dbag lmldgkb xbkhbz bxb} fml}hbnbk dbag l}tgh

dmtfmumto}bk fnbz gkg xghbf bhb/ lbobn l}tgh xmtzmd}x xghbf lmkhbubx mob}k dbag

l}tgh umkhghgfbk fnbz wbka hgdmtgfbk `omn Fmlmkxmtgbk Umkhghgfbk fmtbkb ugnbf

zmf`obn o}ub lmkanbkxbt kblb/ lmlbkhbkafbk zmdmo}l gkg umtl`n`kbk zmkxgbzb

hgx`obf+ Fmlmkxmtgbk Umkhghgfbk hbk ugnbf zmf`obn l}kafgk xghbf lmkabldgo dmtbx

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xmkxbka fml}hbnbk hbk fmumto}bk l}tgh gkg hgzmdbdfbk `omn l}tgh gkg xmta`o`ka

hbobl f}lu}obk lgk`tgxg+

Gkzxgx}zg fmo}btab zbkabx umkxgka hbobl lmldmkx}f zbnzgbn l}tgh zmtxb

umkjbubgbk l}tgh+ Gb lmt}ubfbk cbfx`t wbka d`omn lmlumkabt}ng fmxghbfzblbbk

umo}bka umkhghgfbk+ Dbag fmz l}tgh wbka lmlmto}fbk umkhghgfbk fnbz gkg/ a}t}

fmobz xmobn lmkwbtbkfbk babt l}tgh xmtzmd}x hgnbkxbt fm zmf`obn wbka omdgn

ut`cmzzg`kbo hbobl lmkamkhbogfbk fbkbf fbkbf xmtzmd}x zmtxb zmf`obn wbka

lmlu}kwbg umodbabg fml}hbnbk bxb} gkctbzx}fx}t wbka fnbz dbag l}tgh gkg/ kbl}k

gd} dbub l}tgh xmtzmd}x xghbf lbn} lmkanbkxbt bkbfkwb fm zmf`obn xmtzmd}x

hmkabk bobzbk l}tgh xmtzmd}x lbzgn lblu} }kx}f dmtzbgka hmkabk l}tgh dgbzb

wbka obgk+ Lmk}t}x ubkhbkabk a}t} wbka hgxml}d}bo/ gkg l}kafgk hgzmdbdfbk `omn

gd} dbub l}tgh xmtzmd}x xghbf lbn} lmkabf}g hbk lmkmtglb fmf}tbkabk

bkbfkwb hbk l}kafgk i}ab hgzmdbdfbk lbo} }kx}f lmkanbkxbt bkbfkwb fm zmf`obn

umkhghgfbk fnbz+ Zgfbu lmkibab lbt}bn dbag gd} dbub gkg zmubx}xkwb xghbf d`omn

hgfmxmkabnfbk fmtbkb gb bfbk lmldbqb fmzbk fmubhb bkbf lmtmfb+ Zbgc}hhgk Ni+

Lbzh}fg .2711'/ hbobl fbigbkkwb lmkhbubxg dbnbqb xmthbubx n}d}kabk wbka

zgakgcgfbk bkxbtb umkjbubgbk bfbhmlgf hmkabk umkhbubxbk gd} dbub hbk xbnbu

umkhghgfbk gd} dbub+ Gd} dbub zmnbt}zkwb zmhbt fmumkxgkabk umkhghgfbk fmubhbbkbf/ d}fbk zbnbib lbn} lmk}x}u lbo}+

T}zog Lh Ybgk .277>'/ lmobu`tfbk xmthbubx n}d}kabk u`zgxgc bkxbtb

umkjbubgbk bfbhmlgf hmkabk umkhbubxbk fmo}btab+ Lmtmfb wbka dmtumkhbubxbk

xgkaag bfbk hbubx lmlmk}ng zmabob umtdmobkibbk umtzmf`obnbk bkbf,bkbf lmtmfb+

Lmkagf}x gz} l}tgh f}tbka }ubwb wbka xghbf hbubx fmgzxglmqbbkkwb hg zmf`obn gkg/

gd} dbub dmogb} xmta`o`ka hbobl fmobz z`jgbo zmhmtnbkb hg lbkb/ lmtmfb

lmlu}kwbg zmd}bn fmtmxb lmqbn hbk t}lbn wbka dmzbt+ Cbfx`t gkg l}kafgk

lmkwmdbdfbk gd} dbub dmogb} zmlbfgk gkagk lmkibab lbt}bn fmo}btab wbka

bfngtkwb xghbf lbn} lmkanbkxbt bkbfkwb fm zmf`obn umkhghgfbk fnbz+ Gd} dbub

dmogb} nbkwb lmlgkxb ibzb dbgf a}t} }kx}f lmk`o`ka l}tgh xmtzmd}x igfb l}tgh

xmtzmd}x gkagk fm xbkhbz bxb} umtag fm lbkb zbib zmlbzb hg qbfx} umtzmf`obnbk

fmtbkb gd}kwb nbkwb hbxbka fmxgfb qbfx} tmnbx zbnbib+

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zmz}b

nbtgbk

fnbz w

zbwb

dmtfm

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lmt}u

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L}tgh dm

dbag lm

xbkub db

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lmkhbub

mto}bk fn

fbk l}tg

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L}tgh dmt

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k hmkabk

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g fml}h

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i}ab l}

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mlmto}fb

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dmtutbfxg

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5+: - hbtg

TBIBN2t}ubfbk

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xbJgtg

k fml}h

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}t}+ Lmob

}l hg zm

kb xghbf

g+ Lbi`tgxg

ubhb i}lo

}lu}obk

dmagx} f

obn gkg

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kabk i}

bgx} l}tgh

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lu} lmo

o}g gz} l

gxbt Jnmt

hgzmhgb

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n l}tgh h

lgk`tgxg hg

xbtb+ Dm

mt}ubfbk

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obn :2+=

dmtdbkaz

L}tghDgbzb

L}tghDmtfmuL}tghDmtlbUmldmobibtbk

utbzbtbk

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z/ F}bob

bk dbag

zmf`obn g

g zmf`obn g

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gx} i}ab

dbkazb

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hbk zmo

b jgkb/ gk

mto}bkFnbzzbobn

b wbka

bfxgsgxg

umto}bk

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l}tgh

kg gbobn

kg wbka

gkg hbk

mkabk

mobw}

u}kwbg

dgnkwb

gb hbk

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Lmobo}g xml}d}bo wbka hgibobkfbk dmtzblb A2 zbwb lmkhbubxg i}lobn l}tgh

dmtfmumto}bk fnbz bhbobn zbkabx zmhgfgx hbk hgumtjbwbg f}lu}obk lbi`tgxg hg zmf`obn

gkg gbobn l}tgh dbkazb Lmobw} hbk l}tgh dmtdbkazb Gkh`kmzgb hmkabk

fmqbtabkmabtbbk Lbobwzgb+ Zbwb xmobn lmkibobkfbk fbigbk xmtnbhbu zbobn zm`tbka

l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz gbgx} l}tgh xbn}k 2 Hmhgfbzg wbka lmlu}kwbg lbzbobn

fmjbjbxbk ubhb fbfg hbk lmt}ubfbk l}tgh omldbl hg zmf`obn xmtzmd}x+ Lmobo}g

xml}d}bo wbka xmobn hgibobkfbk dmtzblb a}t} fmobz .A:' l}tgh xmtzmd}x/ zbwb

lmkhbubxg l}tgh gkg f}tbka dmtz`zgbo dmtzblb tbfbk fmobzkwb+ Gkg l}kafgk

hgzmdbdfbk `omn cbfx`t fmf}tbkabk ubhb hgtgkwb wbka lmkwmdbdfbk hgb tmkhbn

hgtg hbk tbfbk f}tbka amlbt dmtab}o hmkabkkwb+ Lmobo}g umlmtnbxgbk zbwb u}ob/

zbwb lmkhbubxg/ l}tgh gkg xghbf umtag fm fbkxgk `omn fmtbkb lbzbobn wbka

hgnbhbugkwb hbk nbkwb h}h}f hg hbobl fmobz }kx}f lbfbk hbk lgk}l hgxmlbkg `omn

gd}kwb wbka bfbk hbxbka ubhb qbfx} tmnbx zmhbkafbk tbfbk tbfbkkwb zml}b

bfbk fm fbkxgk }kx}f lbfbk hbk lgk}l+ Gkg l}kafgk cbfx`t wbka lmkwmdbdfbk

l}tgh gkg z}fbt }kx}f dmtab}o fmtbkb xgbhb umo}bka hgdmtgfbk }kx}f dmtz`zgbo+

Nbzgo hbtgubhb umlmtnbxgbk hbk xml}d}bo wbka xmobn zbwb obf}fbk xmtnbhbu

l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz gkg zbwb lmkhbubxg a}t} xghbf lmldmtgfbk obwbkbk wbka

zmubx}xkwb fmubhb l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz gkg hbk hbubx hgognbx hg hbobl ut`zmzumkabibtbk hbk umldmobibtbk hg lbkb a}t} nbkwb lmkmfbkfbk umkjbubgbk `dimfxgc

umldmobibtbk zmjbtb fmzmo}t}nbk zbnbib+ Gkg lmkwmdbdfbk l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk

fnbz wbka d`omn hgfbxbfbk omldbl gkg xmtjgjgt hbobl bfbhmlgf dmtdbkhgka l}tgh

obgk+ Lmk}t}x nbzgo xml}d}bo obag/ zbwb lmkhbubxg l}tgh gkg i}ab xghbf

lmobfzbkbfbk x}abzbk wbka hgdmtgfbk `omn a}t} hmkabk dmx}o/ xmt}xblbkwb igfb

a}t} lmldmtgfbk fmtib t}lbn+ L}tgh gkg xghbf lmkwgbufbk x}abzbk wbka hgdmtgfbk

`omn a}t}+ @omn fmtbkb a}t} xghbf d`omn lmobf}fbk n}f}lbk xmtnbhbu l}tgh gkg

a}t} dmtxgkhbf hmkabk xghbf lmlumth}ogfbk l}tgh gkg wbka bfngtkwb

lmkwmdbdfbk l}tgh gkg xmt}z xmtbdbg hbk xmtjgjgt+ Hbtgubhb :> `tbka l}tgh fmobz

xbn}k 2 Bybl xmthbubx 75- zbnbib umobibt wbka lblu} lmkjbubg `dimfxgc

umldmobibtbk wbka xmobn hgtbkjbka `omn a}t} lbkbfbob 25- obag lmlu}kwbg

lbzbobn hbtg zmag umlbnblbk xmtnbhbu umkabibtbk wbka xmobn hgbibt+ Gkg

xmtlbz}fobn l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz wbka lmlu}kwbg lbzbobn umldmobibtbk gbgx}

omldbl hbk f}tbka }ubwb lmobfzbkbfbk bfxgsgxg wbka lmogdbxfbk cgygfbo+ Zxtbxmag

wbka hga}kbfbk `omn a}t} bhbobn dba}z gbgx} a}t} dbkwbf lmkaa}kbfbk dbnbk

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dbkx} lmkabibt kbl}k xbkub umtnbxgbk omdgn hgdmtgfbk fmubhb l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk

fnbz gkg nbzgo umldmobibtbk xghbf l}kafgk hbubx hgjbubg hmkabk l}hbnkwb+

Lmobo}g umlmtnbxgbk i}ab zbwb lmkhbubxg umo}bka umkhghgfbk xmkxbka z}dimf

Umkhghgfbk Ibzlbkg xmt}xblbkwb lmk}ki}ffbk fmxghbfzblbtbxbbk wbka imobz hbk

xmtbka+ L}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz gkg lmlbfbg fmt}zg t`hb hg lbkb fmobf}bk

cgygfbokwb bfbk lmkibhg xmtnbh hbk xmtdbxbz+ @omn wbka hmlgfgbk a}t} lmkabldgo

l}hbn hmkabk lmldgbtfbk l}tgh xmtzmd}x hg hbobl bxb} hg o}bt fmobz wbka

hgbkaabu omdgn zmomzb fmubhb l}tgh xmtzmd}x lbkbfbob l}tgh obgk bfbk lmkmt}zfbk

bfxgsgxg Umkhghgfbk Ibzlbkg+ Gkg imobz lmkaabldbtfbk a}t} xmtzmd}x xmobn

lmomxbffbk obdmo fm bxbz l}tgh dmtumkhghgfbk fnbz xbhg hg lbkb hgb xghbf lblu}

lmkjbubg `dimfxgc umldmobibtbk zmhbkafbk l}tgh xmtzmd}x dmo}l lmobf}fbk bub

bub bfxgsgxg wbka d`omn hgkgobg xmkxbka fm}ubwbbkkwb+ J`kx`nkwb/ a}t} d`omn

lmldmtgfbk x}abz dmtobgkbk fmubhb l}tgh gkg zmumtxg lmld}bx nbkxbtbk d`ob zbnbib

bxb} dmtlbgk hmkabk nbkwb lmkaa}kbfbk xbkabk+ Z}hbn dbkwbf z}fbk wbka xmobn

hgumtfmkbofbk fmubhb `tbka f}tbka }ubwb gkg hg lbkb z}fbk wbka hgumtxbkhgkafbk

i}ab xmobn hgbkafbx fm xbnbu bkxbtbdbkazb zmumtxg z}fbk Ubtboglugf wbka

lmld}fxgfbk dbnbqb qbob}u}k fm}ubwbbk lmtmfb xmtdbxbz/ xmxbug lmtmfb lbzgn

lblu} lmobf}fbk bfxgsgxg z}fbk+ @omn wbka hmlgfgbk a}t} nbt}zobn dmtxgkhbfhmkabk lmldmtg umo}bka fmubhb l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz gkg lmkj}kafgo dbfbx

lmtmfb hbobl lbzb wbka zblb hbubx lmkgkafbxfbk fmlbngtbk umkaa}kbbk

uzgf`l`x`t+

>+5 JBHBKABK XGKHBFBK Z]Z]OBK

Lmk}t}x Hmbo # Umxmtz`k .2777' lmtmfb lmkwbxbfbk lmlbkhbkafbk

d}hbwb hgdmkx}f `omn qbtabkwb/ lbfb d}hbwb d`omn dmt}dbn hbk `tbka wbka

ubogka dmtumkabt}n }kx}f lmka}dbn hbk lmkj`tbffbk d}hbwb zmf`obn gbobn

fmuglugkbk zmf`obn+ Gkg lmkimobzfbk dbnbqb umtbkbk a}t} dmzbt zmdbabg

umkxbhdgt hbk a}t} a}t} wbka ut`cmzzg`kbo zbkabx umkxgka }kx}f lmka}dbn

zmz}bx} d}hbwb hg zmf`obn hmkabk lmkjbtg/ lmkwmz}bgfbk hbk lmldmkx}f d}hbwb

wbka omdgn dbgf hbtgubhb zmdmo}lkwb wbka lmk}ki}ffbk umtubh}bk hbk

fmzblbtbxbbk hbobl zmabob imkgz bzumf xmt}xblbkwb hbobl umkhghgfbk+ D}hbwbzmf`obn hgxbftgcfbk zmdbabg jbtb ngh}u zmf`obn wbka lmogu}xg zmabob blbobk

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zmf`obn zblb bhb hg o}bt hbk hg hbobl dgogf hbtibn wbka lmkjmtlgkfbk kgobg/

fmumtjbwbbk hbk k`tlb wbka hgf`kazg dmtzblb `omn qbtabkwb+ Jbtb ngh}u zmf`obn

gkg lmkjmtlgkfbk fm}ubwbbk umkxbhdgt hbk a}t} zmdbabg umkjmx}z d}hbwb wbka

dbgf hg zmf`obn+

Lmobo}g gz} wbka xmobn hgdgkjbkafbk zmjbtb ftgxgfbo hg bxbz/ zbwb lmkhbubxg

xmthbubx dmdmtbub jbtb umkbldbndbgfbk dbag lmkabxbzg gz} fmxghbfzblbbk

umo}bka umkhghgfbk wbka dmtobf} fm bxbz l}tgh xbn}k 2 wbka dmtfmumto}bk fnbz+

Umtxblb gbobn a}t} zmnbt}zkwb lmkbzgnbxg gd} dbub z}ubwb lmkanbkxbt bkbf

lmtmfb fm zmf`obn wbka omdgn zmz}bg hbk lmlu}kwbg umodbabg fml}hbnbk dbag

fbkbf fbkbf dmtfmumto}bk fnbz gkg+ Gd} dbub zmnbt}zkwb zmhbt xmkxbka

fmumkxgkabk umkhghgfbk fmubhb bkbf bkbf xbkub lmlgfgtfbk zxbx}z fmo}btab bxb}

lbt}bn fmo}btab fmtbkb lbzb hmubk bkbf lmtmfb omdgn umkxgka hbk zml}bkwb

dmtabkx}ka fmubhb fmo}btab+ J`omlbk mx bo+ .2733' lmobu`tfbk dbnbqb umkabt}n

zmf`obn bhbobn dmtfbgxbk hmkabk umobibt gx} zmkhgtg/ umtqbxbfbk a}t}/ obxbt dmobfbka

gd} dbub/ hbk bzugtbzg umobibt+ Gkg lmk}ki}ffbk obxbt dmobfbka gd} dbub zmumtxg

zxbx}z mf`k`lg/ umkhghgfbk gd} dbub hbk jbtb gd} dbub lmldmtg hghgfbk fmubhb

bkbf lmtmfb i}ab lmt}ubfbk cbfx`t fmubhb umkjbubgbk bkbf lmtmfb+ I}zxmt}

fmu}x}zbk wbka hgobf}fbk `omn gd} dbub gkg nbt}zobn lmkgxgfdmtbxfbk z`bofmumkxgkabk bkbf z}ubwb bkbf lmtmfb xghbf fmxgkaabobk+ Zmfgtbkwb gd} dbub lbzgn

dmtfmtbz }kx}f lmkanbkxbt bkbf lmtmfb fm zmf`obn dgbzb/ a}t} dmtumtbkbk

zmdbabg umobu`t }kx}f lmobu`tfbk nbo gkg fmubhb umka}t}zbk bxb} umkxbhdgtbk

z}ubwb nbo gkg d`omn hgdgkjbkafbk zmjbtb ftgxgfbo+

Bkxbtb jbhbkabk dbag lmldbkx} l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz xmtzmd}x ugnbf

zmf`obn umto}obn lml`n`k hbtgubhb ugnbf Fmlmkxmtgbk Umobibtbk Lbobwzgb }kx}f

lmobkxgf zm`tbka a}t} wbka omdgn ubfbt hbobl lmkamkhbogfbk fbkbf fbkbf

dmtfmumto}bk fnbz gkg+ Ugnbf zmf`obn i}ab umto}obn lml`n`k zmjbtb dmtxmt}zbk

fmubhb ugnbf Fmlmkxmtgbk Umobibtbk xmkxbka fmgzxglmqbbk wbka xmobn hgdmtgfbk

fmubhb fbkbf dmtfmumto}bk fnbz zmumtxg mob}k @F] hbk fml}hbnbk zmumtxg

xbkhbz/ bobxbk z}fbk hbk fmbhbbk zmf`obn wbka lmlu}kwbg fml}hbnbk dbag l}tgh

dmtfmumto}bk fnbz dbag lml}hbnfbk lmtmfb lmkmt`fb zmf`obn hbk dmtz`zgbo

hmkabk umobibt obgk+ T}bka cgygfbo hbk umtbobxbk zmtxb fml}hbnbk umkabibtbk hbk

umldmobibtbk umto}obn hgzmhgbfbk `omn a}t} hg hbobl dgogf hbtibn+

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Obkafbn umtxblb }kx}f lmkj`tbf d}hbwb zmf`obn wbka u`zgxgc gbobn lmobo}g

umkgobgbk fmtbkb umka}t}z zmf`obn nbt}zobn zmhbt bfbk fmq}i}hbk d}hbwb zmdmo}l

lmkj`tbffbkkwb .Dbtxn/ 4554'+ A}t} zmnbt}zkwb lmld}bx umlmtnbxgbk hbk

umkgobgbk xmtnbhbu d}hbwb wbka dmtobf} hg zmf`obn xmt}xblbkwb fmubhb

f}lu}obk lgk`tgxg hbk l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz z}ubwb a}t} hbubx lmkabldgo

xgkhbfbk zmobki}xkwb dbag lmq}i}hfbk d}hbwb wbka omdgn dbgf+ Hbobl dgogf hbtibn/

a}t} zmnbt}zkwb lmkwmhgbfbk umtbx}tbk hbk l}tgh hgdmtg umkmabzbk }kx}f

lmkablbofbk hbk lmkagf}x umtbx}tbk wbka xmobn hgxmxbufbk z}ubwb umtzmfgxbtbk

lmztb d}hbwb q}i}h hbobl dgogf hbtibn+

Dbag gz} l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz gkg/ a}t} zmnbt}zkwb lmq}i}hfbk d}hbwb

x`o`ka lmk`o`ka hbk zbogka lmkan`tlbxg zmzblb zmkhgtg dbag lmldmtg

umo}bka fmubhb l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz gkg dmtgkxmtbfzg hbk dmtz`zgbo+ Zmtag`sbkkg

.4555'/ lmkwbtbkfbk babt d}hbwb zmf`obn hgibhgfbk zmdbabg bobx umkxgka }kx}f

lmkanbzgofbk umtzmfgxbtbk umkwbwbka/ lmkjbubg lbxoblbx zmf`obn/ hbk

lmkgkafbxfbk umkjbubgbk umobibt+ A}t} zmdbabg qbxbf }xblb hbobl zmf`obn

umto}obn lmkmfbkfbk umtzmfgxbtbk wbka lmztb umobibt hg zmf`obn hbk dmtfbzgn

zbwbka hmkabk lmogdbxfbk l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz gkg hbobl zml}b bfxgsgxg hbk

lmkaabobffbk l}tgh obgk lmldbkx} l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz gkg hbobl umkhghgfbkz}ubwb l}tgh xmtzmd}x xghbf lmtbzb hgugkaagtfbk hbk zmxmt}zkwb lmlu}kwbg hmtgb

z`zgbo wbka lmld`omnfbk l}tgh xmtzmd}x dmtzmlbkabx hbk lmlu}kwbg hbwb zbgka

}kx}f lmkhbubx umkjbubgbk wbka zblb hmkabk l}tgh dgbzb wbka obgk+ Blbobk kgobg

kgobg l}tkg gkg bt}zobn hgxmfbkfbk zmqbfx} ut`zmz umkabibtbk hbk umldmobibtbk+

A}t} i}ab umto} hgdmtg f}tz}z lmkamkbg jbtb lmka}t}zfbk l}tgh

dmtfmumto}bk fnbz dbag lmlbnblg jbtb umkhmfbxbk wbka omdgn zmz}bg hga}kbfbk

dbag l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz gkg+ J`kx`nkwb/ dbag lmkabibt z}dimf lbxmlbxgf a}t}

umto} lmtbkjbka zxtbxmag umldmobibtbk wbka omdgn dmtfmzbk zmumtxg lmobfzbkbfbk

bfxgsgxg umkabibtbk hbk umldmobibtbk wbka lmkaa}kbfbk zml}b fbmhbn

umkabibtbk l}tgh gbgx} fgkmzxbxgf/ sgz}bo hbk b}hgx`tg+ Blbobk umhba`ag xmtdbgf

umto}obn hgblbofbk a}t} zmxgbu lbzb hbobl lmlbzxgfbk umkabibtbk hbk

umldmobibtbk dmtfmzbk+ Bfngt fbxb/ a}t} nbt}zobn omdgn umfb xmtnbhbu fmumto}bk

zml}b l}tgh xbkub lmldmybfbk l}tgh+ A}t} zmdbabg mimk z`zgbogzbzg zmubx}xkwb

omdgn umfb xmtnbhbu lbzbobn gkg z}ubwb l}tgh xghbf fmxgkaabobk hbk lmlu}kwbgfmlbngtbk dmtz`zgbo wbka omdgn dbgf+ N}d}kabk fmlbk}zgbbk bkxbtb l}tgh hmkabk

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a}t}/ l}tgh hmkabk l}tgh/ a}t} hbk l}tgh hmkabk f`l}kgxg zmf`obn umto}obn hgibab

hmkabk dbgf z}ubwb l}tgh omdgn zmt`k`f hbk lgkbx }kx}f dmtbhb hg zmf`obn+ @omn

wbka hmlgfgbk l}tgh i}ab bfbk lmtbzb zmobzb hbk zmt`k`f }kx}f dmobibt xbkub

lmlu}kwbg xbkaabubk dbnbqb a}t} zm`tbka wbka ugogn fbzgn bxb} xghbf bhgo+

D}hbwb hg hbobl fmobz i}ab umto} hgxgxgf dmtbxfbk hbk hgj`tbffbk z}ubwb xghbf xgld}o

lbzbobn fmxghbfzblbbk umo}bka umkhghgfbk hg fbobkabk l}tgh+

7+5 FMZGLU]OBK

Gz} l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz gkg umto} hgbldgo zmtg}z `omn ugnbf zmf`obn `omn

fmtbkb l}tgh gkg lbzgn umto} hgdmtg hghgfbk dbag lmkanbhbug jbdbtbk ubhb lbzb

bfbk hbxbka+ Nbo wbka hmlgfgbk/ fml}hbnbk hbk utbzbtbkb zmtxb z`zgbo l}tgh gkg

umto} hgdmtg omdgn umtnbxgbk babt l}tgh gkg xghbf lmtbzb zmumtxg hgzgzgnfbk+ Cmk`lmkb

hg lbkb l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz gkg xghbf hbubx lmkagf}xg umkabibtbk Umkhghgfbk

Ibzlbkg umto} hgbxbzg hmkabk a}t} lmkjguxb bxb} lmtbkjbka ut`zmz umkabibtbk

hbk umldmobibtbk wbka omdgn zmz}bg hmkabk zml}b l}tgh xmtlbz}fobn l}tgh

dmtfmumto}bk fnbz fmtbkb l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz gkg i}ab umto} hgdmtg hghgfbk

hbobl Umkhghgfbk Ibzlbkg z}ubwb fmlbngtbk gkxmomf zmtxb uzgf`l`x`t lmtmfb omdgn

dbgf hbk xmt}z lmkgkafbx+ Mhl`khz .2717' xmobn lmkamkbo ubzxg oglb jgtg zmf`obn

dmtfmzbk wbka }xblb9 fmumlglugkbk wbka dbgf/ ibkafbbk xgkaag xmtnbhbu umobibt/

fmbhbbk umtzmfgxbtbk wbka xmtbx}t wbka zmz}bg }kx}f umldmobibtbk/ umkmfbkbk

fmubhb umka}bzbbk fmlbngtbk bzbz hbk fmfmtbubk lmlbkxb} fmlbi}bk umobibt+

Gkg dmtlbfz}h a}t} hbk umkxbhdgt zmf`obn zbkabx umkxgka hbobl lmlbgkfbk

umtbkbk zmdbabg umldgldgka wbka zmkxgbzb lmkabqbzg fmbhbbk zmf`obn zmtxb

d}hbwb wbka xmtdmkx}f hg zmf`obn+ L}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz i}ab lmt}ubfbk gkzbk

wbka lmlu}kwbg umtbzbbk }kx}f dmtab}o hbk dmtz`zgbo dmtzblb tbfbk tbfbk hbk

a}t} umto} dmtxgkhbf zmdbabg mimk z`zgz`ogzbzg dbag lmtbubxfbk n}d}kabk l}tgh gkg

fmtbkb l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz gkg umto} umtnbxgbk hbk dgldgkabk wbka omdgn

hbtgubhb a}t}+

Gfogl z`zgbo u}ob gbgx} k`tlb/ ibkafbbk hbk ubkhbkabk wbka lmt}i}f fmubhb

fmobf}bk a}t} lmkw}ldbkafbk omdgn dmzbt umtbx}zbkkwb fmubhb umtdmybbk

umkjbubgbk umobibt bkxbtb zmf`obn .Lbzo`qzfg/ 4552'+ A}t} lmt}ubfbk qbxbf ubogka

umkxgka hg zmf`obn dbag lmkjmtlgkfbk d}hbwb hbk lmkibhg t`o l`hmo fmubhb l}tgh+

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Dbag lmkabxbzg lbzbobn z`zgbo wbka dmtobf} bkxbtb l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz gkg

hmkabk l}tgh obgk/ a}t} zmnbt}zkwb omdgn dbkwbf lmkmtbufbk kgobg fbzgn zbwbka/

n`tlbx lmkan`tlbxg zmtxb dmfmtibzblb xghbf fgtb zblb bhb fmxgfb ut`zmz

umkabibtbk hbk umldmobibtbk bxb} hg o}bt dgogf hbtibn+ Lmkagf}x Nbttgz .4554'/

d}hbwb zmf`obn lmt}ubfbk f`lu`kmk wbka zbkabx umkxgka }kx}f lmlbi}fbk

zmf`obn gbgx} hmkabk lmlbzxgfbk d}hbwb zmf`obn u`zgxgc hbk lmldmtg umtnbxgbk

fmubhb gd} dbub/ a}t}/ hbk umobibt+ @omn gx}/ fbigbk hbk bkbogzgz dmtfbgxbk d}hbwb

zmf`obn bhbobn zmz}bg hmkabk f`kxmfz zmlbzb hmkabk bkhbgbk zml}b qbtab

zmf`obn wbka tbzg`kbo dmtnbztbx lmlbi}fbk zmf`obn+ Hg zblugka gx} fmibwbbk

zmzmd}bn `tabkgzbzg i}ab lmlu}kwbg fbgxbk tbubx hmkabk fmumlglugkbk zmf`obn

hbk f`lgxlmk a}t}+ Xbkub fmumlglugkbk zmf`obn hbk f`lgxlmk xmtnbhbu

`tabkgzbzg/ lbxoblbx wbka hgzbzbtfbk babf z}fbt hgjbubg+ Fmjmlmtobkabk zmzmd}bn

zmf`obn dbkwbf hgumkabt}ng hbk hgzmdbdfbk `omn fmumlglugkbk a}t} dmzbt wbka

dmtfmzbk+ Fmumlglugkbkobn wbka lmkaamtbffbk zmf`obn lbi} fm nbhbubk bxb}

zmdbogfkwb .Znbntgo Lbty}fg/ 4555'+

25+5 TMCOMFZG

Lmobo}g umlmtnbxgbk wbka xmobn zbwb ibobkfbk/ zbwb lmkhbubxg gz} l}tghdmtfmumto}bk fnbz gkg umto} hgdmtg umtnbxgbk fmtbkb zml}b l}tgh zmnbt}zkwb

lmlu}kwbg fmzblbtbxbbk hbobl umo}bka umkhghgfbk+ Zbwb lmlbnblg umtbzbbk

zmdbabg umobibt wbka hgugkaagtfbk hbtg z`zgbo hbk i}ab hbtg bfbhmlgf qbob}u}k

zbwb d}fbk zm`tbka l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz+ Zbwb lmtbzb zmhgn hmkabk xgkhbfbk

a}t} wbka xmobn lmlgkaagtfbk l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz gkg hbtg lmogdbxfbk hgtg

hbobl Umkhghgfbk Ibzlbkg fmtbkb l}tgh gkg i}ab zmubx}xkwb lmkhbubx umo}bka

umkhghgfbk wbka zblb tbxb+

Qbob}u}k fmf}tbkabk fml}hbnbk hbk xgbhb fmubfbtbk hbobl lmka}t}zfbk

l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz a}t} xghbf zmqbibtkwb xmt}z lmlgkaagtfbk l}tgh xmtzmd}x

xbkub hgdmtg umtnbxgbk omdgn dbag lmkaabobffbk l}tgh xmtzmd}x xmt}z dmt}zbnb hbk

xghbf fmxgkaabobk hbobl umobibtbk+ Zbwb dmtbzb dbnbqb xgkhbfbk a}t} hmkabk

lmlgkaagtfbk l}tgh gkg xghbf bhgo+ Zmlmlbkakwb l}tgh dbag zmxgbu fmobz

lmlu}kwbg i}lobn u}tbxb wbka dbkwbf kbl}k/ xghbf zmnbt}zkwb a}t} nbkwb

lmkmfbkfbk l}tgh dgbzb dmtdbkhgka l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz+ Zbwb dmtumkhbubx/a}t} zmnbt}zkwb zbkaa}u dmtf`tdbk lbzb dbag lmldmtg hghgfbk wbka zmlu}tkb

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fmubhb zml}b umobibt+ A}t} nbt}zobn omdgn ftmbxgc hbobl lmlgogn bfxgsgxg z}ubwb

zmxgbu l}tgh hbubx lmlbnblg gzg umkabibtbk wbka hgzblubgfbk zmxmt}zkwb hbubx

lmkjbubg `dimfxgc umkabibtbk wbka xmobn hgxmxbufbk+

Ubhb hbzbtkwb/ zmf`obn gkg xghbf lmkwmhgbfbk fml}hbnbk hbk utbzbtbkb

wbka j}f}u }kx}f l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz kbl}k ubhb ubkhbkabk zbwb }zbnb

a}t} umto}obn bhb dbag lmkjguxb zmz}bx} wbka zmz}bg hmkabk l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk

fnbz zmumtxg wbka xmobn hgobf}fbk hg zbobn zmd}bn Zmf`obn Tmkhbn Imkgz

Fmdbkazbbk hg F}bob O}lu}t wbka lmk}ki}ffbk ftmbxgsgxg a}t} wbka xmobn

lmkjguxb umodbabg bobxbk z}fbk wbka lmkbtgf wbka zmzmxmkabnkwb lblu}

lmkaabkxgfbk bobxbk z}fbk wbka zmhgb bhb+ Dmagx} i}ab hmkabk l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk

fnbz gkg/ zmdbabg zm`tbka a}t} wbka blbkbn/ fgxb nbt}zobn dmtxgkhbf omdgn ftmbxgc

}kx}f lmkjguxb dbnbk umkabibtbk wbka zmz}bg hbk omdgn ut`cmzzg`kbo hbobl

lmkamkhbogfbk l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz gkg+

Bfngt fbxb zbwb dmtnbtbu babt ugnbf zmf`obn hbk a}t} lmkabldgo

xgkhbfbk zmqbibtkwb dbag lmldmtg umo}bka umkhghgfbk fmubhb l}tgh

dmtfmumto}bk fnbz gkg+ Lmtmfb zmnbt}zkwb xghbf lmldgbtfbk l}tgh xmtzmd}x xmt}z

fmxgkaabobk hbobl z`bo umldmobibtbk fmtbkb zmxgbu gkhgsgh} lmlu}kwbg u`xmkzg hbk

dbfbx zmkhgtg wbka umto} hgj}kafgo `omn a}t} dbag lmlbzxgfbk l}tgh xmtzmd}x d`omn

lmkanbhbug jbdbtbk hg lbzb bfbk hbxbka+ Zbwb i}ab dmtnbtbu babt zbwb hbubx

lmkibhg zm`tbka a}t} wbka jmlmtobka hbk dmthmhgfbzg hbobl lmobfzbkbfbk x}abz+

Zmdbabg zm`tbka dbfbo a}t}/ zbwb xmobn lmkbkblfbk kgbx zbwb }kx}f lmkibhg

zm`tbka umkhghgf wbka lblu} lmt}dbn hbk lmobngtfbk l`hbo gkzbk wbka

zmgldbka hbk nbtl`kg hbk ib}n hg z}h}x nbxg zbwb/ zbwb dmtnbtbu fmxghbfzblbbk

umo}bka umkhghgfbk gkg xghbf q}i}h obag hg Lbobwzgb+ @omn wbka hmlgfgbk zbwb bfbk

zmkxgbzb lmkj}db lmt}dbn fmomlbnbk zbwb hbk dmtnbtbu babt zmlbkabx zbwb

}kx}f lmobngtfbk gkzbk wbka jmlmtobka xghbf bfbk ngobka zmtxb zbwb dmtnbtbu hbubx

dmtf`kazg gol} zbwb hmkabk l}tgh zmdbkwbf wbka l}kafgk hmlg dbkazb/ bablb/

hbk kmabtb+

obibt Bgznbn d}fbk zbnbib dmtibwb hbobl lmka}ubz gz}

hbk cbfx`t umkw}ldbka xmtnbhbu fmxghbfzblbbk umo}bka wbka hg nbhbug `omn a`o`kabk

l}tgh dmtfmumto}bk fnbz hg zmf`obn zmjbtb ftgxgmfbo / lbobnbk umobk xgkhbfbk wbkahgfml}fbfbk `omn dmogb} bhbobn dmtkbz hbk utbfxgfmo fm btbn umkwmomzbgbk lbzbobn+

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T]I]FBK

Hmqbk Dbnbzb hbk U}zxbfb+ .2777'+ Fbl}z Hmqbk+ F}bob O}lu}t 9 Hmqbk Dbnbzb

hbk U}zxbfb

Fmlmkxmtgbk Umobibtbk Lbobwzgb .4553'+ Umobk Gkh}f Umldbka}kbk Umkhghgfbk+

F}bob O}lu}t +

Lbx Ygk Lbx Fgd hbk Q`ttbk Nbig Fbd}o+ .455>'+ N}d}kabk Mxkgf hg Lbobwzgb

Zmibtbn/ Goxgybl hbk Jbdbtbk Dbt}+ Znbn Bobl 9 U}zbx Umkmtdgx ]kgsmtzgxg

]gXL+

K`tgbxg B+ Tbzngh/ D``k U`ka Wgka/ Znbtgcbn Cbfntgbn Zwmh Bnlbh # Y}tbghbn B+

Lbigh+ .4522'+ D}hbwb hbk Umldmobibtbk+ Zmobka`t+ @~c`th Cbibt Zhk+ Dnh+

K}fgobk Zm`tbka Nbldb+ .4525'+ Fbkbf Fbkbf Dmtfmumto}bk Fnbz+ Hgbldgo ubhb

Cmdt}btg 45/ 4524/ hbtgubhb

nxxu9zgxgnbibtiblbo}hgk+do`azu`x+j`l452558fbkbf,fbkbf,dmtfmumto}bk,

fnbz+nxlo

Znblz}o Bltg Dbnbt}hhgk+ .455>'+ L`h}o N}d}kabk Mxkgf+ Znbn Bobl 9U}zbx

Umkmtdgxbk ]kgsmtzgxg/ ]gXL+

Zgxg Lbzbw} T`zogbn dx+ Bdh}o Tbzngh+ .455>' Umo}bka hbk Jbdbtbk hbobl Fbobkabk

Lbzwbtbfbx O}bt Dbkhbt+ Hgbldgo ubhb Cmdt}btg 48/ 4524/ hbtgubhb

nxxu9mutgkxz+}zl+lw25:4:2UMO]BKAPHBKPJBDBTBKPUMKHGHGFBKPH

BOBLPFBOBKABKPLBZWBTBFBXPO]BTPDBKHBT+uhc

Zwmh Gzlbgo hbk Bnlbh Z}dfg+ .4525'+ D}hbwb hbk Umldmobibtbk+ Zmobka`t 9

Umkmtdgxbk L}oxglmhgb Zhk+ Dnh+

Wbbf`d d+ Hb}h+ .4551'+ D}hbwb Zmf`obn Tmkhbn+ Hgbldgo ubhb Cmdt}btg 48/ 4524/

hbtgubhb nxxu9mutgkxz+}zl+lw75512D]HBWBPZMF@OBNPTMKHBN+uhc

Ybngt Ybgk}hhgk+ .4525'+ Gluogfbzg Fmxghbfzblbbk Umo}bka Umkhghgfbk Xmtnbhbu

Gkhgsgh}/ Lbzwbtbfbx hbk Kmabtb+ Hgbldgo ubhb Cmdt}btg 45/ 4524/ hbtgubhb

nxxu9ybngtybgk}hgk+do`azu`x+j`l45255:gluogfbzg,fmxghbfzblbbk,

umo}bkaP2=+nxlo