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Manažérske informačné SystémyCvičenia

2010

Zdenek Marhefka

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Obsah cvičení

1. Úvod do databázových systémov2. Návrh dátového modelu3. Programovacie jazyky SQL, PLSQL, Java4. Programovanie v PLSQL5. Princípy Data Warehousing-u a OLAP6. Relačná prezentačná vrstva DWH7. Multidimenzionálna prezentačná vrstva DWH8. OLAP Spreadsheet Addin9. Olacle Discoverer

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Zdroje informácií

Oracle Technology Network

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/index.html− Dokumentácia firmy Oracle− Vývojové prostriedky − Príklady zdrojových kódov, sample data a demá

Oracle OLAP

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/options/olap/index.html Oracle OLAP option

http://wiki.oracle.com/page/Oracle+OLAP+Option

Alternatívny zdroj informácií o OLAP v prostredí ORACLE

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Zdroje informácií

Oracle Database 10g Release 2 (10.2) Documentation

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/database10g/documentation/index.html

V lokálnom adresári:

\Mis\oracle10g\index.htm

\Mis\oracle10g\index.pdx

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4 Programovanie v PLSQL

4.1 Úvod do PLSQL

4.2 Programovací jazyk PLSQ Konštrukcie jazyka Anonymné bloky Uložené procedúry Programové balíky Príkazy jazyka

4.3 Vytvorenie programového balíka

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4.1 Úvod do PLSQL

PL/SQL (Procedural Language/SQL) is a procedural extension of Oracle-SQL that offers language constructs similar to those in imperative programming languages.

The basic construct in PL/SQL is a block. Blocks allow designers to combine logically related (SQL-) statements into units. In a block, constants and variables can be declared, and variables can be used to store query results. Statements in a PL/SQL block include SQL statements, control structures (loops), condition statements (if-then-else), exception handling, and calls of other PL/SQL blocks.

PL/SQL blocks that specify procedures and functions can be grouped into packages. A package is similar to a module and has an interface and an implementation part.

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PLSQL – ako to funguje

The PL/SQL Engine and the Oracle Database Server:

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PLSQL – ako to funguje

The program unit is stored in a database. When an application calls a procedure stored in the database, Oracle loads the compiled program unit into the shared pool in the system global area (SGA). The PL/SQL and SQL statement executors work together to process the statements within the procedure.

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Konštrukcie jazyka

PL/SQL blocks can include the following PL/SQL language constructs: Variables and constants

Variables and constants can be declared within a procedure, function, or package.

CursorsCursors can be declared explicitly within a procedure, function, or package to facilitate record-oriented processing of Oracle data. Cursors also can be declared implicitly (to support other data manipulation actions) by the PL/SQL engine.

ExceptionsExceptions PL/SQL lets you explicitly handle internal and user-defined error conditions, called exceptions, that arise during processing of PL/SQL code.

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Anonymné bloky

Structure of PL/SQL-Blocks[<Block header>]

[declare

<Constants>

<Variables>

<Cursors>

<User defined exceptions>]

begin

<PL/SQL statements>

[exception

<Exception handling>]

end;

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Uložené procedúry

create [or replace] procedure <procedure name> [(<list of parameters>)] is

<declarations>

begin

<sequence of statements>

[exception

<exception handling routines>]

end [<procedure name>];

create [or replace] function <function name> [(<list of parameters>)] return <data type> is

<declarations>

begin

<sequence of statements>

[exception

<exception handling routines>]

end [< function name >];

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Programové balíky

create [or replace] package <package name> as -- specification (visible part)

-- public type and object declarations

-- subprogram specifications

<declarations>

end [< package name>];

create [or replace] package body <package name> as -- body (hidden part)

-- private type and object declarations

-- subprogram bodies

<declarations>

[ begin

-- initialization part starts here

<sequence of statements>]

end [<package name>];

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Príkazy jazyka

IF-THEN-ELSE CASE (Oracle 9i, Oracle 10g, Oracle 11g) LOOP FOR LOOP CURSOR FOR LOOP WHILE LOOP Repeat Until Loop EXIT WHEN NULL

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IF-THEN-ELSESyntax #1: IF-THEN

IF condition THEN

{...statements...}

END IF;

Syntax #2: IF-THEN-ELSE

IF condition THEN {...statements...}

ELSE {...statements...}

END IF;

Syntax #3: IF-THEN-ELSIF

IF condition THEN {...statements...}

ELSIF condition THEN {...statements...}

ELSE {...statements...}

END IF;

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CASECASE  [ expression ]

  WHEN condition_1 THEN result_1  WHEN condition_2 THEN result_2  ...  WHEN condition_n THEN result_n  ELSE result

END

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LOOPLOOP

     {.statements.}

END LOOP;

The LOOP statement is terminated when it encounters either an EXIT statement or when it encounters an EXIT WHEN statement that evaluated to TRUE.

Example:LOOP

     monthly_value := daily_value * 31;     EXIT WHEN monthly_value > 4000;

END LOOP;

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FOR LOOPFOR loop_counter IN [REVERSE] lowest_number..highest_number

LOOP     {.statements.}

END LOOP;

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CURSOR FOR LOOPFOR record_index in cursor_name

LOOP {.statements.}

END LOOP;

or using SELECT statement

FOR record_index in ( SELECT <list of columns>

FROM <list of tables>

WHERE <conditions>

)

LOOP {.statements.}

END LOOP;

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WHILE LOOPWHILE condition

LOOP     {.statements.}

END LOOP;

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Repeat Until LoopLOOP

     {.statements.}     EXIT WHEN boolean_condition;

END LOOP;

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