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ASSIGNMENT FOR KKKT 6163 MULTIMEDIA

COMMUNICATIONS

APPLICATION FOR NEXT GENERATION MOBILE DEVICE

Prepared by

Muhammad Ridza Bin Mohamad Fauzi P44938

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC & SYSTEMS ENGINEERINGFACULTY OF ENGINEERING & BUILT ENVIRONMENT

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MALAYSIA

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OUTLINE

Introduction

- Challenges

- Mobile Ecosystem

Location Based Services- Components of LBS

- LBS and Its Applications

- LBS Architecture in Cellular Network

- Limitations of LBS

References

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NEXT GENERATION MOBILE APPLICATION

From mobile telephony experience to mobile computing experience

1850 1870 1900 1980 1990 2000 2005 2010

1876 - The

birth of the

telephone

1876

Gugliemo

Marconi invents

the radio

1876 James

Fergursson discovers

the twisted-nematic

LCD.

1980 Motorola

presents the first

portable radio -

"DynaTAC.

2000 Sharp releases

the first camera phone -

J-SH04.

2000 Samsung

develops the

world's first TV

phone - SCH-

M220.

2001 The debutof iPod

2007 Apple

introduced iPhone

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ARE WE THERE YET?

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How it is possible?

Newer programming techniques such as Asynchoronus JavaScript Technology and XML

(AJAX), Digital Video Broadcasting-Handheld (DVB-H), J2ME resulting to more

interactive application to exist.

MOBILE APPLICATION TODAY

*source : www.mobverge.blogspot.com

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CHALLENGES IN MOBILE APPLICATION BUSINESS

Mobile operators & Equipment Providers

No hurry to change They have been successful in making a lot of moneywith voice and texting services and they control the technology and networks.

They have become institutionalised in their way of thinking about technology

equipment-centric ( networks, protocols & devices ) dominates the thinking

rather than application-centric ( social networks, blogs )

However, mobile business has evolved from traditional service to ubiquitous

service.

Operator 'old world' view Operator 'new world' view*source : P. Golding, Next Generation Wireless Applications, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2008.

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ARCHITECTURE OF MOBILE ECOSYSTEM

Mobile application

paradigms:

1. Client server

2. peer to peer

3. standalone

*source : P. Golding, Next Generation Wireless Applications, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2008.

Figure : Mobile Applications Ecosystem

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Next generation mobile application is underpinned by a huge variety of

technologies, protocols and standards

Social Network

- user themselves can be content providers.

- form their own modes of communication and find new ways of socialising andsocial groups such Facebook, MySpace and Twitter.

Device Network

- provides primary user interface to the mobile services

- enable devices to network directly with each other in personal area networks

(PAN) or via wide area networks (WAN).

- www.google.com/latitude - a location based social networking application.

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RF Network

- enable device network to interact with other networks (eg. GSM, Bluetooth,

WIMAX)

- Mobility Management - manage mobility by keeping track of which cell each

mobile device occupies at any given moment

IP Network

- connect the mobile device to the world of information via internet or using its

protocols (eg HTTP, WAP)

- example of application : Instant Messaging (IM)

Content Network- enable various type of mobile devices to retrieve different content types

emanating from wide varieties of feeds and sources.

- example of application : Youtube Mobile Application


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MOBILE APPLICATIONS AND THE INTERNET

The internet- a universally accessible network of information, people and machines

- it represents a significant part of the future of mobile services

Why?

- most of the content on the internet is free

Requirements

- Mobile browsers are optimized so as to display web content most effectively for

small screens on mobile devices

- The application must be small and efficient to accommodate the low memory

capacity and low bandwidth of mobile devices.

Today, newer mobile browser have the same capabilities as to browser in

PC to displays pages written in HTML, XHTML, CSS, WML etc.

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*source : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mobile_Web_Standards_Evolution_Vector.svg

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Each dot represents a download of a music called The Slip by Nine Inch Nails within that

specific geographic region

*source : www.nin.com


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LOCATION BASED SERVICES (LBS)

Definition 1 :

LBSs are information services accessible with mobile devices through themobile network andutilizing the ability to make use of the location of the mobile

device. (Virrantaus et al. 2001)

Definition 2 :

A wireless-IP service that uses geographic information to serve a mobile user.

Any application service that exploits the position of a mobileterminal.(OpenGeospatial Consortium, 2005)

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Where am I?

- at the edge or center of each cell or sector in a cellular network, there is a

base station.

- mobile management function of a cellular network constantly keeps track of

mobiles that are switched on.

- if we know which base station a mobile is currently camped on, then we know

its rough location with respect to its proximity to the serving base station.



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BASIC COMPONENTS OF LBS

*source : www.geo.unizh.ch/publications/cartouche/lbs_lecturenotes_steinigeretal2006.pdf]

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Mobile Devices

- A tool for the user to request the needed information. The results can begiven by speech, using pictures, text etc.

Communication Network

- Transfers the user data and service request from mobile terminal to service

provider

Positioning Equipment

- The user position can be obtained either by using the mobile communication

network or by using the Global Positioning System (GPS).

Service and Application Provider

- The service provider offers a number of different services to the user and is

responsible for the service request processing

Data and Content Provider

- geographic base data and location information data will be usually requested

from the maintaining authority (e.g. mapping agencies) or business and

industry partners (e.g. yellow pages, traffic companies)

BASIC COMPONENTS OF LBS

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In Q1 2008, 43% of all downloads on mobile phones globallywere for LBS Services.

2008 Global Start-up Map


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Concept & Features of LBS

Presence + Location + Context

Focus on Youth Market & Messaging

Automated Location of User & Message Ping

Deals with Content Partners

Monetisation through Sponsored Local Search


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With the ability to determine the location of mobile known, all kinds ofapplications and services become possible.

*source : http://www.geo.unizh.ch/publications/cartouche/lbs_lecturenotes_steinigeretal2006.pdf


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*source : www.google.com/latitude

Figure: Google Latitude : An example of location based service application.

Buddy Finding

Once we have a location-finding system in the mobile network, then the subscribers

can be placed on a map.

LBS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

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- There are variety of ways

that the application might

operate ( example : If the

child strays from the zone,

they could be warned of

their erring, giving them

chance (time limit) to

return to the zone before

the parents get notified.

Child Minding

If the child leaves the zone, parents will be notified by sending text message.



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Panoramio

- By integrating Panoramio and LBS, mobile users can discover photos that aretaken in the area.

- IPL Connect currently developing this idea for its LBS application.

*source : www.IRLconnect com


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Mobile Social Network- Mobile users can locate their Facebook and Twitter contacts on a map and

interact with them on the social network from the map interface.

*source : www.irlconnect.com


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LBS ARCHITECTURE IN THE CELLULAR NETWORK


Figure : Location-based services architecture in the cellular network

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LBS ARCHITECTURE IN THE CELLULAR NETWORK

Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC) gathering actual location

measurements from devices and for the presentation of this information in a

useful and agreeable form to the higher entities in the network.

Gateway Mobile Location Centre (GMLC) Provide main interface with outside

world and makes location information available in terms of subscriber ID

Home Location Register (HLR) stores user information that enables device ID

to be associated with user ID.

- In cellular network, a phone number does not identify a device, but an

International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) does. Therefore, when asking for a

mobile's location, an application probably expects to enquire using a phonenumber and so translation needs to take place to the IMSI.

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LIMITATIONS OF LBS

- Most of them have small computing and memory resources which restricts

spatial search calculations, routing operations and the creation of a user

specific mobile map.

- battery power, small displays and weather influences on usability (sun makes

things showed on a display hardly visible).

- there is still a lack on broadband access to communication networks in terms

of sending and receiving data.

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REFERENCES

[1] P. Golding, Next Generation Wireless Applications, England: JohnWiley & Sons Ltd, 2008.

[2] Wikipedia, Mobile Browser, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Mobile_browser, 2010, [ viewed 7/3/2010 ].

[3] Wikipedia, Location-Based Service, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Location-based_service, 2010, [ viewed 8/3/2010 ].

[3] R. Ferraro, Ric Ferraro's Blog, http://www.mobverge.blogspot.com,

2010, [ viewed 8/3/2010 ].

[4] S. Steiniger, M. Neun, and Alistair Edwardes, Foundations of

Location Based Services, http://www.geo.unizh.ch/publications/

cartouche/lbs_lecturenotes_steinigeretal2006.pdf, 2010, [

viewed 8/3/2010 ].
http://www.geo.unizh.ch/publications/http://www.geo.unizh.ch/publications/

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