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Kuliah 2

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UTS:1. Ruang lingkup analisis makroekonomi dan perhitungan

pendapatan nasional2. Model analisis IS-LM3. Kebijakan fiskal4. Kebijakan moneter5. Kebijakan fiskal dan moneter dalam model IS-LM

UAS:1. Uang, institusi keuangan dan penawaran uang2. Penawaran uang dan kegiatan ekonomi3. Tingkat harga dan kegiatan ekonomi

4. Pertumbuhan ekonomi5. Pengangguran, inflasi, dan kebijakan Pemerintah6. Perdagangan luar negeri, proteksi dan globalisasi7. Neraca pembayaran, kurs valas, dan kegiatan

perekonomian terbuka

Rincian lebih lanjut dapat dilihat di GBPP

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Great depression in 1933John Maynard Keynescriticized classical

theory for assuming that aggregate supplyalonecapital, labor, and technologydetermines national income.

Now we turn our study of economicfluctuations by looking more closely at

aggregate demand.

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Pasar komoditas dan Kurva IS (Investment-Saving)

Pasar uang dan Kurva LM (Liquidity andMoney Supply)

Equilibrium dalam Model IS-LM

UTS 2

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In The General Theory, Keynes proposed that aneconomys total income was, inthe short run,determined largely by the desire to spend byhouseholds, firms, and the government.

Actual expenditureis the amount households,firms, and the government spend on goods andservices, and it equals the economys grossdomestic product.

Planned expenditureis the amount households,firms, and the government would like to spendon goods and services.

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Derive IS function using equation:

Kalau fungsi konsumsi dan fungsi investasi masing-masing mempunyai persamaan :

C = Co + cY, di mana 0 < c =C

< 1YI = Io + er, di mana e = I < 0

rmaka kita menemukan :

Y = EY = C + I

Y = (Co + cY) + (Io + er)Y = Co + cY + Io + erY cY = Co + Io + er(1 c)Y = Co + Io +erY = Co + Io +er

(1 c)

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Goods Market:

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Financial Market:

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IS Curve:

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History of money Barter

Commodity money

Money backup with commodity

Fiat money (paper & coin currency)

The Function of Money: medium of exchange a unit of account/measurement a store of value

Motive Money Demand Transaction motive Precautionary motive

Speculative motive: spekulasi dalam surat-surat berharga

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A B

b

a

L2

L2

rTing

sukbunga

Jumlah uanguntuk tujuan spekulasi

10

20

30

40

50

pendapatan nasional riil (Y)

L

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

L1=0,4Y

LT=0,25Y

Lj=0,15Y

T

J

AK1

LT,LJ,L1

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Central Bank tools to change money supply Rediscount Policy: menaikkan/menurunkan tingkat

bunga pinjaman dari Bank Sentral kepada Bank Open Market Operation: menjual/membeli surat

berharga Pemerintah Legal Reserve Ratio: changing the proportion of

total assets that banks must hold in reserve withthe central bank

Selective Credit Control: melalui pengaturankebijakan kredit oleh bank

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Permintaan uang untuk transaksi dan jaga-jagaL

1= k

1Y

Permintaan uang untuk spekulasi :

L2 = k2r + L20

Maka : M = k1Y + k2r + L20(6)

Jumlah uang yang beredar : M= 200 milyar rupiah

Permintaan uang untuk transaksi : LT

= 0,25Y

Permintaan uang untuk berjaga-jaga: LJ = 0,15 Y

Permintaan uang untuk spekulasi : L2 = 160 4r

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Monetarism believesmoney supply growthcauses inflation

quantity equation

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