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NANOROBOTICS

PRESENTED BY SOUMYADEEP SINHAUSN - 1DS10IS098

What Is Nanotechnology??Nanotechnology (sometimes shortened to "nanotech") is the study of manipulating matter on an atomic and molecular scale.

Nanotechnology deals with structures sized between 1 to 100 nanometer, and involves developing materials or devices within that size.

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Now A More Closer Look!!

What is Robotics??Robotics is related to the sciences of, engineering, electronics, mechanics and software.

Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, structural disposition, manufacture and application of robots.

These technologies deal with automated machines that can take the place of humans in dangerous environments or manufacturing processes, or resemble humans in appearance, behavior, and/or cognition.

Finally, What is NanoRobotics??Nanoroboticsis theemerging technologyfield creating machines orrobotswhose components are at or close to the scale of ananometers.(109meters).

Another definition is a robot that allows precision interactions with nanoscale objects, or can manipulate with nanoscale resolution.

Nanobots,Nanoids,NanomachinesorNanomiteshave also been used to describe these devices currently under research and development.

How are Nanobots Made??

To date, scientists have made significant progress but have not officially released a finished product in terms of a nanorobot that functions on an entirely mechanical basis.

Nanorobots are essentially an adapted machine version of bacteria. They are designed to function on the same scale as both bacteria and common viruses in order to interact with and repel them from the human system.

So the best way tocreate a nanobotis to use another nanobot.Now a Little Backstory!!In 1989, a group of IBM engineers lined individual atoms up one by one until they had spelled out their companys name.

In doing so they not only created the smallest business logo in history, but also discovered for themselves just how long and grueling the process of hand-building even a single nanobot would be.

Worlds Smallest Movie!!

A BOY AND HIS ATOM by IBM Research How are Nanobots Made?

Its true, nanobots measure more like six atoms across, but they are far more complicated in design and need to be engineered in such a way that they are autonomous.

The ideal nanobot consists of A transporting mechanismAn internal processor A fuel unit of some kind that enables it to function.

Challenges of Making Nanobot

THE FUEL UNIT

The main difficulty arises around this fuel unit, since most conventional forms of robotic propulsion cant be shrunk to nanoscale with current technology.

One possible solution is to adhere a fine film of radioactive particles to the nanobots body. As the particles decay and release energy the nanobot would be able to harness this power source; radioactive film can be enlarged or reduced to any scale without a drop in efficiency occurring.Challenges of Making Nanobot

MATERIALS

The other problem with constructing a successful nanorobot lies in breaking its materials down small enough.

Metal that might be used for the robots construction behaves one way in relatively large quantities and a completely different way on the nanoscalein fact, this is the entire basis for nanotechnology as a discipline.Why Silicon is Ideal??It has been traditionally used for delicate electronics, particularly small computer parts.

Microscopic silicon components called transducers have so far been successfully built into nanorobot legs.

Scientists are hard at work on designing a body built out of transducers; they are encountering slight problems in agreeing on what the final shape of the standard nanobot should be.

Best Design??The nanobot needs to be fast, aerodynamic and smooth-moving in order to complete its functions.

Very few researchers support the biped-humanoid design, since this has given test robots a strange, clumsy results.

Some people think that a spider-like body would work best, but many nanorobot researchers also think that a smaller version of the centipede might be best.

Miracle Performer!!They will also possibly be used to perform miracle functions such as cleaning your kitchen (the kitchen that cleans itself!)

A fabric that weaves itself.

cooking food slowly but steadily, and essentially performing other functions that humanscoulddo.

lets face itwill probably be too lazy to do ourselves by the time these nanobots become functional.

Applications!! (Medical)KIDNEY STONESBy introducing a nanobot into the urethra in a manner similar to that of inserting a catheter, direct access to the kidney stones can be obtained, and they can be broken up directly.

BURN AND WOUND DEBRIDINGThe nanobots can also be used to clean wounds and burns. Their size allows them to be very useful for removing dirt and foreign particles from incised and punctured wounds, as well as from burns. They can be used to do a more complete and less traumatic job than conventional techniques.

Applications!! (Medical)PARASITE REMOVALThe nanobots can also be used to attack other life forms in the body. As the sensor technology improves, they could be used to attack various bacteria and other smaller organisms as well, although this would probably require the introduction of large numbers of the units into the body.

ANTIBODIESIn essence, this would be creating artificial antibodies, and while this is the logical extrapolation of the technology, it will not happen for some time.

Applications!! ( In Space)Nanorobots can be used to actively repair damaged suit materials while an astronaut is in the field.

Specialized Mars suit Repair Nanorobots (MRN). MRN nanorobots operate as space-filling Polyhedra to repair damage to a Mars suit.

Measurement of toxic elements in environment can be done using nanobots.

Applications!! ( In Military)Nanobots raises the possibility of horrifically effective weapons. As an example, the smallest insect is about 200 microns; this creates a plausible size estimate for a nanotechnology-built antipersonnel weapon capable of seeking and injecting toxin into unprotected humans.

The human lethal dose of botulism toxin is about 100 nanograms, or about 1/100 the volume of the weapon. As many as 50 billion toxin-carrying devicestheoretically enough to kill every human on earthcould be packed into a single suitcase.

Applications!! ( In Military)Guns of all sizes would be far more powerful, and their bullets could be self-guided.

Aerospace hardware would be far lighter and higher performance; built with minimal or no metal, it would be much harder to spot on radar.

Embedded computers would allow remote activation of any weapon, and more compact power handling would allow greatly improved robotics.

Are We Digging Our Own Grave??Grey goo is a term coined by Eric Drexler in his 1986 book about nanotechnology,Engines of Creation. In one section of the book, Drexler speculates about what could happen if we created self-reproducing nanobots.

If they got out of control, they could conceivably use the resources of the entire planet to replicate in an exponential manner akin to bacterial replication.

Every living creature, every useful mineral, would be converted into more of the gray goo.

Disadvantages!!Nanorobot particles will penetrate living cells and accumulate in animal organs and can perhaps enter the food chain.

There is no regulatory body dedicated to check this powerful invasion.

Changing the structure of material on the nano level without understanding, we risk creating a whole world of materials that have atoms that actually do not fit together cohesively.

Can be used as a weapon.

Conclusion!!Nanorobotics is one of the emerging fields in technology and robotics. Nanorobotics is the technology of creating machines or robots at or close to the scale of a nanometer (10-9 meters).

More specifically, nanorobotics refers to the still largely theoretical nanotechnology engineering discipline of designing and building nanorobots.

Thank you!!