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…þw ythtuøÞ

http://www.iteksoft.com/ Require Adv. Pack Licensettp://www.iteksoft.com/ Require Adv. Pack License


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rð»tÞ

* …þw ythtuøÞ ÷ûte

* …þwytu{tk ¾hðtËt - {tuhðtËt htu„

* Œrûtý „wsht‚{tk ÷uÃxtuytEhtuËeË htu„

* ft¤eÞtu ‚tð

* W¼h‚tu htu„ òuz ftW zeËeÍ* ƒzo VÕÞw

* …þwytu{tk „¼o…t‚ yuf Aq…tu þºtw ƒúwËu÷tuËeË

* …þwytu{tk …htu…SðeytuÚte Út‚t htu„tu

* …þwMðtMÚÞ™u ntòf‚to …htu…Sðe f]r»t y™u ‚u™w r™Þkºtý

* ytW™tu htu„ {ËtExeË

* ŒqÄ sLÞ htu„tu …h ykfwþ

* …þwytu{tk ô[t Wí…tŒ™ ËtÚtu Ëkf¤tÞu÷ htu„tu

* ÷tune{tk {uø™urþÞ{™e ºt] rxÚte Út‚e Äú wòhe y™u ¾U[* VtuMVhË™e ºt]rx Úte Út‚tu rðÞtý …Ae™tu ÷t÷ …uþtƒ™tu htu„

* …þw ythtuøÞ {txu hËefhý fu÷uLzh

* …þwytu{tk yfM{t‚sLÞ …rhÂMÚtr‚™t htu„tu

* ½tË[tht™t Ëwû{ ¾™es ‚íðtu™e …rhÂMÚtr‚ ‚Útt ‚u™e Wý…Úte Út‚e yËhtu.

* htsÞ{tk ½tË[tht™e Íuhe yËh y™u sk‚w™tþf Œðtytu™e Ë{MÞtytu

* «týehûtt «týe fÕÞtý ftÞŒtytu-r™Þ{tu

* htu„[tht r™Þkºtý{tk ythtuøÞ÷ûte …„÷t™wk {níð

…þw ythtuøÞ


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…þw ythtuøÞ÷ûte r™htu„e …þw™e ytu¤¾

…þwytu ‚kŒwhM‚ hnu y™u ‚u{™e Wí…tŒf‚t s¤ðtE hnu ‚tu s ytðt …þwytu ytŠÚtf he‚u …þw…t÷ftu™u…tuËtÞ. ‚kŒwhM‚e ò¤ððt y™u Wí…tŒf‚t xftðe ht¾ðt {txu …þw…t÷™{tk ythtuøÞ™e ƒtƒ‚u æÞt™ yt…ðw k ¾q ƒs sYhe Au. ‚kŒwhM‚e yu s Ët[w k Ä™ „ýe þftÞ. …þwytu{tk htu„[t¤tu Vu÷tÞ íÞthu ‚u™e ‚kŒwhM‚e, Wí…tŒf‚t

y™u «s™™ ût{‚t …h {tXe yËh ÚttÞ Au. ŒwÄt¤t ‚Útt ft{ yt…‚t ‚kŒwhM‚ …þwytu „útBÞSð™™t ytÄthtM‚k¼ntuE ‚uytu™e r™htu„e‚t rðþu Ë¼t™‚t ht¾ðe …þw…t÷ftu {txu ½ýe y„íÞ™e ðt‚ Au. r™htu„e yðMÚtt{tk…þw™tu rðftË, «s™™, Wí…tŒ™ y™u ftÞoût{‚t ½ýe s Ëthe ntuÞ Au.

…þw™wk þheh …ý yt…ýt þheh {wsƒ rðrðÄ ‚kºttu™wk ƒ™u÷wk Au. ƒÄt s ‚kºttu Ëthe he‚u ft{ fhu ‚u ½ýw ky„íÞ™wk Au. yt ‚kºttu™u ‚u{™t ft{ {txu þÂõ‚™e sYh …zu Au. su ¾tuhtf{tkÚte {¤e hnu Au. ÷e÷tu ½tË[thtu, Ëwfw½tË, Œtý, [tuÏ¾wk …týe r™Þ‚ «{tý{tk {¤u ‚u sYhe ntuðt W…htk‚ Xkzfðt¤w k hnuXtý, MðåA hnuðt™e søÞtW…htk‚ Ë{ÞËh™w k hËefhý y™u Ë{Þ yk‚hu ‚kŒwhM‚e™e [ftËýe …þw™e r™htu„e yðMÚtt ò¤ððt{tk ¾q ƒ sy„íÞ™tu ¼t„ ¼sðu Au.

…þw™e ‚kŒwhM‚e™tu ytÄth ƒtÌt ‚u{s ytk‚rhf …rhƒ¤tu …h ¾qƒ s ntuÞ Au. W…htuõ‚ Œþtoðu÷ …ife yuf

yÚtðt ðÄthu ƒtÌt …heƒ¤tu ßÞthu y™wfq¤ ™ ntuÞ íÞthu þheh™t rðrðÄ ‚kºttu ‚u{™e ftÞoût{‚t{tk sYrhÞt‚{wsƒ™tu VuhVth fhe þheh™w k ytk‚rhf ðt‚tðhý ¾qƒ s [tufËtE …qðof ò¤ðu Au. ßÞthu yt ytk‚rhf ðt‚tðhý[tufËtE…q ðof ™ s¤ðtÞ ‚tu …þw™u htu„ ÷t„w …tzðt™e «r¢Þt þY ÚtE òÞ Au. r™htu„e …þw{tk htu„™e „uhntsheW…htk‚ ‚u™e {t™rËf y™u Ët{trsf …rhÂMÚtr‚ Ët{tLÞ ntuÞ Au y™u Ët{tLÞ «{tý{tk y™u Ët{tLÞ Íz…Úteft{ fhðt{tk Úttf y™w¼ð‚w k ™Úte. …þw ßÞthu rƒ{th …zu Au íÞthu ‚u™t þheh W…h y™u ykŒh swŒt swŒt ÷ûtýtuòuðt {¤u Au. …þw™t htu„™wk r™Œt™ Ët{tLÞ he‚u …þwr[rfíËftu ‚u{™t y™w¼ð™t ytÄthu htu„tu{tk òuðt {¤‚tËt{tLÞ he‚u ƒtÌt r[Lntu W…hÚte fhu Au. …hk‚w ƒtÌt ÷ûtýtu [tu¬Ë {wsƒ™t ™ ntuÞ íÞthu r™Œt™ r[Lntu …hÚtefhðwk þõÞ ƒ™‚w k ™Úte yÚtðt {w~fu÷ ƒ™e òÞ Au. ytðt Ëkòu„tu{tk þheh{tkÚte yufrºt‚ fhu÷tk ÷tune, …uþtƒy™u {¤ (Atý)™t ™{q™tytu™w k …] ÚÚtfhý «Þtu„þt¤t{tk fhðt{tk ytðu Au y™u ‚u™t ytÄthu htu„™w k r™Œt™ ðÄw

[tu¬ËtE…q ðof fhe þftÞ Au yÚtðt ‚tu …þw r™htu„e Au ‚u{ [tu¬Ë…qðof fne þftÞ Au. {týË {txu «Þtu„þt¤t{tkhtu„™wk r™Œt™ Ët{tLÞ ƒ™e „Þw k Au. ‚uðe he‚u …þw {txu htu„ r™Œt™ fhðt{tk «Þtu„þt¤t™tu W…Þtu„ Äe{u Äe{uðÄe hÌttu Au.

r™htu„e …þw{tk Ët{tLÞ he‚u ™e[u {wsƒ™tk ÷ûtýtu òuðt {¤u Au.

(1) [t{ze :

r™htu„e …þw™e [t{ze Œu¾tðu ÷eËe, [{fŒth, „h{, ÂMÚtr‚MÚtt…f «fth™e òuðt {¤u Au. yt [t{zehtu„ yðMÚtt{tk Ëwfe, ¾hƒ[ze, òze ‚Útt ¼ª„ztðt¤e ƒ™e òÞ Au. yt{, [t{ze W…h yuf ™sh ™t¾‚tk…þw™e r™htu„e yðMÚtt™e ¾ƒh …zu Au.

(2) {tU y™u ™tf :

‚kŒwhM‚ r™htu„e …þw™t {tU W…h nk{þt ¼usðt¤t ™t™t ™t™t …týe™t xe…tk Œu¾tÞ Au y™u ™tf{tkÚteftuE…ý ò‚™tu Ëútð Œu¾t‚tu ™Úte. S¼ ðzu [txe™u ™tf MðåA ht¾u Au. ‚tð ytðu íÞthu ‚Útt yLÞ htu„„úM‚ÂMÚtr‚{tk ™tf™e …tËu ytðu÷ {Í÷™tu ¼t„ Ëqftu hnu Au y™u ™tf{tkÚte yËt{tLÞ «fth™tu Mºttð òuðt {¤u Au.{tU{tkÚte ÷t¤ …ý ƒnth …z‚e Œu¾tÞ Au.

(3) ytk¾ y™u ™tf :

r™htu„e …þw™e ytk¾tu ‚uS÷e ÷t„u Au y™u ft™ Ër¢Þ ntuÞ Au. htu„ yðMÚtt{tk ft™ ™e[u ™{e „Þu÷tŒu¾tÞ Au. ytk¾tu Ÿze W‚he òÞ Au. ytk¾{tkÚte …týe ™ef¤u Au. ytk¾tu hk„u rV¬e (…tkzw htu„), ÷t÷ (Ëtuòu),yÚtðt …e¤e (f{¤tu) Œu¾tÞ Au.


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(4) ð‚o ýwf, ÂMÚtr‚ y™u [t÷ :

Œhuf r™htu„e …þw™u ‚u™e yt„ðe ð‚oýq kf, ƒuËðt WXðt™e ÂMÚtr‚ y™u [t÷ ntuÞ Au. yt ÷ûtýtu htu„yðMÚtt{tk VuhVth ƒ‚tðu Au. htu„ ÷t„w …zu÷t …þwytu xtu¤t{tkÚte swŒt …ze òÞ Au, yuftk‚ …ËkŒ fhu Au y™u {tÚtw k™e[wk ht¾e™u Q¼t hnu Au. ßÞthu ÷tune{tk fuÂÕþÞ{™wk «{tý ½xu Au íÞthu ƒuXu÷e „tÞ/¼UË ‚u™wk {tÚtwk At‚e …h{q fu÷w k òuðt {¤u Au. ËtkÄt{tk Ëtuòu ytðu, ntzfw k ‚q xe òÞ, ¾Ëe òÞ íÞthu …þw …tu‚u [t÷ðt{tk …huþt™e y™w¼ðu

Au.(5) ¾tuhtf ÷uðt™e y™u ðt„tu¤ðt™e r¢Þt :

r™htu„e …þw Íz…Úte ‚u™tu ¾tuhtf ÷u Au y™u ðt„tu¤ðt™e r¢Þt yt¾tu rŒðË [tÕÞt fhu Au. …hk‚w htu„÷t„w …zu íÞthu ¾tuhtf ytuAtu ÷u Au yÚtðt ¾tuhtf ÷uðt™wk ƒkÄ fhu Au. ‚ŒTW…htk‚ ¾tuhtf ðt„tu¤ðt™e r¢Þtyr™Þr{‚ ƒ™e ðå[u ðå[u ƒkÄ hnu Au. ßÞthu ûtthtu fu rðxt{e™ («Sðftu)™e Wý… ntuÞ íÞthu Äq¤ yÚtðt ftŒð¾tÞ Au. „{tý™u ‚Útt rŒðt÷tu su ðthkðth [txu Au y™u ½ýeðth ntzftk …ý {tu{tk ÷E ¾tðt «Þí™ fhu Au.

(6) þheh™wk ‚t…{t™, ïË™r¢Þt ðu„ y™u ÓŒÞ Äƒftht :

…t÷‚w …þwytu {wÏÞíðu Ë{‚t…e ntuðtÚte ‚u{™wk þtherhf W»ý‚t{t™ Œhuf É‚wytu{tk r™Þr{‚ he‚u

r™Âù‚ fûttytu s¤ðtE hnu Au. þtherhf ‚t…{t™ ðÄu ‚tu htu„ yðMÚtt Œþtoðu Au. ‚t…{t™{tk VuhVth ÚtðtÚteïË™r¢Þt y™u ÓŒÞ™t Äƒftht{tk …ý ðÄ½x ÚttÞ Au. þheh™w k ‚t…{t™ Ët{tLÞ he‚u 37.4Úte 39.2 Ëu.ËwÄe swŒt swŒt …þwytu{tk òuðt {¤u Au. ïË™«r¢Þt «r‚ r{r™xu 8 Úte 30 sux÷e ntuÞ Au y™u ÓŒÞ™t Äƒftht32 Úte 80 ËwÄe™t «r‚ r{r™xu ntuÞ Au. ßÞthu {h½t{tk þheh™w k W»ý‚t{t™ 41.7 Ëu., ÓŒÞ y™u ï™r¢Þt«r‚ r{r™xu y™w¢{u 200 Úte 400 y™u 15 Úte 35 ntuÞ Au.

(7) {¤ y™u {qºt :

y…tåÞ ¾tuhtf þheh{tkÚte ½™ f[ht MðY…u {¤ {thV‚u ƒnth …zu Au ßÞthu rƒ™W…Þtu„e, rƒ™sYheÿtÔÞ …ŒtÚtoY…e f[htu {q ºt {thV‚u ƒnth ftZðt{tk ytðu Au. „tÞ-¼UË™wk Atý yÄo-fXý «fth™w k ntuÞ Au y™u‚u™tu hk„ ¾tÄu÷t ¾tuhtf™t «fth {wsƒ ÷e÷tÚte ft¤t hk„™wk ntuÞ Au. ‚u{tk ftuE…ý ò‚™wk …Yk, ÷tune, f] r{ ntu‚t™Úte …hk‚w òu ‚u òuðt {¤u ‚tu htu„™e …rhÂMÚtr‚ Œþtoðu Au. {¤ fƒrsÞt‚ ƒtƒ‚u fXý ƒ™u Au y™u …týe™w k«{tý ½xu Au ßÞthu Ítzt ÚtE òÞ Au íÞthu …týe™wk «{tý yufŒ{ ðÄe sðtÚte òztu …t‚¤tu …týe suðtu ƒ™e òÞAu y™u ðthu½zeyu …þw™u {¤íÞt„ fhðtu …zu Au.

…uþtƒ™tu hk„ ytAtu …e¤tu ËwftÞu÷t ½tË™t hk„ suðtu ntuÞ Au. yu{tur™Þt™e ðtË Ähtðu Au y™u ‚u{tk…týe™wk «{tý r™Þr{‚ he‚u s¤ðtE hnu Au y™u ‚u{tk …týe™w k «{tý r™Þ{e‚ he‚u s¤ðtE hnu Au. …uþtƒ™thk„{tk VuhVth ÚttÞ (÷t÷, ½txw k …e¤w k, ftuVe hk„) íÞthu htu„ …rhÂMÚtr‚ Œþtoðu Au. Œðt yt…ðt{tk ytðu íÞthu …ý…uþtƒ™t hk„{tk VuhVth ÚttÞ Au ‚u ¾tË æÞt™{tk ht¾ðt suðw k Au. fextuËeË Œhr{Þt™ …uþtƒ{tkÚte {eXe ðtË ytðu

Au. …uþtƒ™t {t„o{tk …Úthe ntuÞ ‚tu …uþtƒ™tu sÚÚttu rŒðË ŒhBÞt™ ftZðt{tk ytðu ‚u ½xe òÞ Au. r™htu„e „tÞ-ƒ¤Œ 17 Úte 45 r÷xh/rf.„út./rŒðË sux÷tu …uþtƒ 24 f÷tf{tk ftZu Au. yt {wsƒ™e {tºtt ƒfhe{tk 10 Úte40, yï{tk 3 Úte 18, ½uxt{tk 10 Úte 40 y™u zw¬h{tk 5 Úte 30 Au.

…uþtƒ™w k «Þtu„þt¤t{tk …] Út¬hý fhðt{tk ytðu ‚tu htu„ …rhÂMÚtr‚{tk ‚u{tk þfoht, «tuxe™, ÷tune,hõ‚fýtu, ïu‚fýtu rð„uhu òuðt {¤u Au. su r™htu„e …þw™t …uþtƒ{tk ntu‚t ™Úte.

(8) ŒqÄ :


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r™htu„e …þw™w k ŒqÄ ËVuŒ hk„™wk ntuÞ Au y™u «ðtne MðY…{tk ntuÞ Au. ßÞthu ‚u™wk Wí…tŒ™ ½xe òÞ yÚtðt„êt òuðt {¤u yÚtðt ÷t÷ hk„ ÷tune™u ÷eÄu ntuÞ ‚tu htu„ …rhÂMÚtr‚ Œþtoðu Au.

(9) «s™™ yk„tu :

r™htu„e …wÏ‚ðÞ™wk …þw r™Þr{‚ É‚w[¢ Œþtoðu Au. yt É‚w[¢ „tÞ{tk 21 rŒðË, ½uxt-ƒfht{tk 18Úte 20 rŒðË, ¼qkz 21 rŒðË, yï 21 Úte 28 rŒðË™e yðrÄ™w k ntuÞ Au. yt É‚w[¢ Œhr{Þt™ ßÞthu …þw

„h{e{tk ytðu Au íÞthu ðthkðth ¼tk¼hu Au, …uþtƒ fhu Au y™u Þtu™e{tkÚte [efýtu ËVuŒ Œtuhzt Y…u Ëútð Œu¾tÞ Au.r™htu„e …þw™u yt É‚w[¢ Œhr{Þt™ Vu¤ððt{tk ytðu ‚tu „t¼ý ƒ™u Au. su …þw Ë{Þtk‚hu r™Þr{‚ he‚u „t¼ý™ ƒ™u ‚tu ‚u htu„ …rhÂMÚtr‚ yÚtðt {tuxe ô{h™w k fthý ntuE þfu.

(10) ÷tune :

r™htu„e …þw™w k ÷tune ÷t÷ hk„™wk ntuÞ Au. ‚u™wk ƒkÄthý …ý r™Þr{‚ «{týu r™Âù‚ ntuÞAu. ‚u™tu sÚÚttuþheh™t ðs™™t 9 xft sux÷tu Au. r™htu„e y™u htu„e yðMÚtt™u swŒe …tzðt {txu ½ýeðth …þw{tkÚte ÷tune ÷uðw kytð~Þf ƒ™u Au y™u Úttuzwk ÷tune ÷uðtÚte …þw{tk ftuE…ý ò‚™e ™ƒ¤tE ytð‚e ™Úte. {™w»Þ{tkÚte …ý htu„r™Œt™ {txu ÷tune ÷uðwk sYhe Au. ‚uðe he‚u …þwytu{tk …ý ‚u ½ýwk W…Þtu„e ƒ™u Au. ÷tune™t …rh{tý{tk

rn{tuø÷tuƒe™, …týe™w k «{tý, swŒt swŒt ftu»ttu™e xftðthe, ËkÏÞt rð„uhu™tu Ÿztý…q ðof™tu yÇÞtË fhðt{tkytðu Au. r™htu„e …þw{tk rn{tuø÷tuƒe™™w k «{tý „tÞ-ƒ¤Œ{tk 11 Úte 12.3 „út{ «r‚ 100 {e÷e÷exh ntuÞAu. ½ux{tk ‚u™wk «{tý 12 Úte 12.4, yï{tk 10 Úte 13.2, ƒfhe{tk 11, ït™{tk 13 Úte 15, rƒ÷tze{tk12, zw¬h{tk 12 Úte 13, {h½t{tk 13.5 „út{ Œh «r‚ 100 {e÷er÷xh{tk ntuðwk sYhe Au. yt™tÚte ytuAw k«{tý htu„ yðMÚtt{tk „ýðt{tk ytðu Au.

r™htu„e …þw™e ytk¾tu h‚tþ ¼hu÷e Œu¾tÞ Au. ßÞthu htu„e …þw{tk ytk¾tu rV¬e ÷t„u Au. ÷tune ßÞthuþheh{tk ytuAw k ntuÞ y™u rn{tuø÷tuƒe™™wk «{tý ÷tune{tk yLÞ fthýtuËh ½xe òÞ íÞthu ytðwk ƒ™u Au. yt{,r™htu„e …þw™e òýfthe {txu {wÏÞíðu ÞtŒ ht¾ðw k sYhe ƒ™u Au fu :

(1) Ë{ÞËh, Ë«{tý{tk ¾tuhtf ÷u Au y™u ðt„tu¤™tht «týeytu rŒðË yt¾t Œhr{Þt™ ðt„tu¤ðt™er¢Þt fhu Au.

(2) þheh™wk W»ý‚t{t™, ït™™e r¢Þt y™u ÓŒÞ™t Äƒftht Ët{tLÞ hnu Au.

(3) ‚u™tu rðftË Ëthe he‚u ÚttÞ Au.

(4) ð‚oýq kf y™u n÷™[÷™ Ët{tLÞ ntuÞ Au.

(5) …uþtƒ, Atý™tu hk„ Ët{tLÞ ntuÞ Au.

(6) ‚u{™t &÷u»{ fð[tu ‚kŒwhM‚ ntuÞ Au.

(7) ÷tune™wk ƒkÄthý Ët{tLÞ ntuÞ Au.(8) [t{ze [{f‚e, ytk¾tu Ë‚us, ËtV ™tf y™u {Í÷ðt¤t ¼t„ …h …týe™t ™t™t ™t™t xe…tk ƒtsu÷t

hnu Au.

(9) Œq Ä Wí…tŒ™ Ët{tLÞ hnu Au.

(10) «s™™ yk„u™e {trn‚e …ý Ët{tLÞ ntuÞ Au.

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…þwytu{tk ¾hðtËt-{tuðtËt htu„ yt…ýu ð»ttu oÚte ¾hðtËt-{tuðtËt fu Vwx yuLz {tWÚt htu„™u ‘¾hðt’™t xqkft ™t{u ytu¤ÏÞtu Au. yt…ýt

Œuþ{tk yt htu„ yux÷tu Ët{tLÞ «[r÷‚ Au fu, …þw…t÷ftuÚte {tkze ƒÄt s ‚u™u „útBÞ M‚hu …ý òýu Au. …hk‚w‚tsu‚h™t ð»ttuo{tk yt htu„u rðï™t y™uf Œuþtu{tk Œu¾t Œu‚t ‚u{s «Ëth {tæÞ{tu{tk yðth™ðth [{f‚t ‚uýu÷tuftu™wk rðþu»t æÞt™ ¾UåÞwk. yt…ýt Œuþ {txu ðtM‚rðf‚t Mðefthe yu ‚tu, yt…ýt Œuþ{tk …þw…t÷ftu yt htu„™urðþu»t {n¥ð yt…‚t ™Úte y™u htu„ ytðu ‚tu Ëtnrsf „ýu Au ‚u{ fnuðt{tk yr‚þÞtuÂõ‚ ™Úte. rðþu»t …hŒuþ™t…þwytu™e Ëh¾t{ýeyu yt…ýt …þwytu™e htu„ Ët{u «r‚fthf þÂõ‚ ¾qƒ ðÄw Au. ‚uÚte {hý«{tý ÷„¼„™rnð‚T Au. y÷ƒ¥t, Wí…tŒ™ ûtuºtu Ëthwk yuðwk ™wfËt™ …ntU[tzu Au.

htu„™tu …rh[Þ :

yt htu„ r…ftu™to òr‚™t ðtÞhË fu rð»ttýwÚte ÚttÞ Au. yt htu„ „tÞ, ƒ¤Œ, ¼UË, ½Uxtk, ƒfhtk, zw¬hy™u fux÷tÞ sk„÷e …þwytu™u ÷t„w …ze þfu Au. yt rð»ttýwytu yu…eÚtu÷eÞtuxÙtu…ef ntuðtÚte ‚{t{ yu…eÚtu÷eÞ÷ftu»ttu (S¼, [t{ze, yL™™¤e, ytk‚hztk rð„uhu){tk hnu Au y™u ð] ÂØ …t{u Au. htur„»x …þw™e ÷t¤ y™u y™uyLÞ Mºttðtu{tk rð»ttýwytu ntuÞ Au. rð»ttýwytu™e y™uf ËƒxtE… fu MxÙ uE™ Au. ytr£ft{tk yuË.yu.xe.-1,yuË.yu.xe.-2 y™u yuË.yu.xe.-3 {wÏÞ Au. ßÞthu yurþÞt™t ¼th‚ Ërn‚™t Œuþtu{tk ytu, yu, Ëe, yurþÞt-1 {wÏÞ Au. …hk‚w nt÷™t ð»ttuo{tk ytu-rðþu»t òuðt {¤u÷ Au. …þw™u htu„ þY ÚtÞt …nu÷tk [th rŒðËu Œq Ä, ðeÞorð„uhu ‚{t{ Mºttð{tk rð»ttýwytu ntuÞ Au. Ëq ft Atý{tk W™t¤t{tk rð»ttýwytu 14 rŒðË ËwÄe Srð‚ hne þfu Au.rþÞt¤t{tk Atý™e M÷he{tk A {tË y™u …uþtƒ{tk 39 rŒðË Srð‚ hne þfu Au. ‚u s he‚u s{e™{tk A {tËËwÄe Srð‚ hne þfu Au.

…þw™e fí÷ ÚtÞt ƒtŒ ntzftk y™u {tkË{tk ‚u 24 Úte 72 f÷tf{tk Ëw»twÃ‚ ƒ™u Au y™u £eÍª„Úte ÷tkƒtË{Þ ËwÄe Srð‚ hne þfu Au. fux÷ef ðth rð»ttýwytu Œq Ä …h …u~åÞwhtEÍuþ™ fhðt A‚tk Srð‚ hne òÞ Au.‚u s he‚u ŒqÄ{tkÚte fuËe™ ƒ™tð‚tk ‚u{tk …ý òuðt {¤u Au. [eÍ ƒ™tð‚e ð¾‚u rð»ttýwytu Srð‚ hne òÞ Au.

…hk‚w [eÍ™t yuSk„ y™u htE…™ª„ ŒhBÞt™ rð»ttýwytu ™tþ …t{‚t ntuðtÚte htu„„úM‚ rðM‚th™t …þwytu™tŒqÄ{tkÚte [eÍ ƒ™tððt™tu rðfÕ… fux÷efðth …ËkŒ fhtÞ Au. rðŒuþ{tk htu„eü …þw™wk ŒqÄ fu ŒqÄ™e ƒ™tðxtuW…Þtu„{tk ÷uðt‚e ™Úte, …hk‚w fí÷ {tuxu …tÞu fhðt™tu rðfÕ… …ËkŒ fhtÞ Au. rð»ttýwytu õ÷tuhtuVtu{o y™u EÚth{tkhne þfu Au, …hk‚w yurËz y™u ytÕf÷e™t ÿtðý{tk ™tþ …t{u Au. ‚uÚte s ËturzÞ{ ntEzÙtuõËtEz, ËtuzeÞ{ftƒtuo™ux, yuËexef yurËz rð„uhu zeËELVuõxLx ‚hefu W…Þtu„e Au su™tu ntESr™f …„÷t{tk Ë{tðuþ fhðtusYhe Au.

r[Lntu xqkf{tk :

yt htu„™t r[LntuÚte …þw…t÷ftu ðtfuV Au. htu„™e þYyt‚{tk …þw™u 103 Úte 105 ze„ú e Vuh™nex ‚tðytðu Au. {tuZt{tkÚte ¾qƒ ÷t¤ …zu Au y™u ƒu Úte ºtý rŒðË{tk {tUZt{tk S¼ …h, ‚t¤ðt …h, ntuX™t ykŒh™t¼t„u VtuÕ÷t …zu Au. su Vqx‚tk [tkŒt …zu Au. fux÷efðth …„™e ¾heytu ðå[u …zu÷t VtuÕ÷t Vqx‚t [tkŒt …ze ½t Ÿztuƒ™u Au y™u Sðzt ({u„xT Ë) …ý …zu Au. ŒwÄt¤w …þw™w k Œq Ä 25 xft ËwÄe ½xe òÞ Au y™u ƒ¤Œ ¾u‚e ft{™tW…Þtu„{tk ÷E þft‚t ™Úte. 7 Úte 8 rŒðËu htu„™e yËh ytuAe Út‚tk …þw Äehu Äehu ¾tðt™w k þY fhu Au.

„w sht‚™w k r[ºt :

¼th‚™t yLÞ htßÞ™e su{ yt…ýt htßÞ{tk ÷„¼„ ‚{t{ rsÕ÷tytu{tk yt htu„[t¤tu yuLzu{ef(½h) Au y™u Œh ð»tuo ‚u™t htu„[t¤t ™tUÄtÞ Au.


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nzfðt yuf Sð÷uý htu„ rð»ttýwÚte Út‚tu nzfðt™tu htu„ „h{ ÷tuneðt¤tk «týeytu ‚Útt {™w»Þ{tk yhË…hË (Íw™tuxef) Út‚tu

ntuðtÚte ‚Útt yt htu„ ÚtÞt ƒtŒ ‚u™e ftuE Ëthðth ™nª ntuðtÚte ht»xÙ eÞ ‚Útt ytk‚hht»xÙeÞ fûttyu yt htu„™w k

{n¥ð ½ýw k s hnu÷ Au. ¼th‚ Ërn‚ yurþÞt™t Œuþtu{tk {™w»Þ y™u …t÷‚wk ‚u{s ðLÞ …þwytu{tk nzfðt™tu htu„

ÔÞt…f «{tý{tk òuðt {¤u Au. yt htu„™t {wÏÞ ðtnftu fq‚ht y™u rþÞt¤ suðt «týeytu Au. yLÞ «týeytusuðtk fu ðY, hun™, ™turhÞtu, ðuB…tÞh, [t{t[erzÞtk rð„uhu …ý yt htu„™t ðtnftu Au. yt…ýtk Œuþ{tk «r‚ ð»tu o

{týËtu{tk nzfðtÚte Út‚t {]íÞw™t 96 xft sux÷tk {] íÞw fq ‚ht™t fhzðtÚte ÚttÞ Au. Œwr™Þt¼h{tk nzfðtÚte Út‚t

{]íÞw™t 80 xft sux÷tk {hýtu Võ‚ ¼th‚{tk s ÚttÞ Au.

nzftÞt «týe™e ÷t¤{tk nzfðt™t rð»ttýwytu ntuÞ Au ‚u fhzðtÚte ÷t¤ îtht [u‚tytu {thV‚u {„s ËwÄe

…ntU[tze nzfðt™t r[Lntu y™u htu„ …uŒt fhu Au. nzfðt™t r[Lntu Œu¾tðt™tu Ë{Þ„t¤tu nzftÞwk «týe ‚kŒwhM‚

…þw™t fu {™w»Þ™t õÞt ¼t„ …h fhzâw k Au, ½t fux÷tu Ÿztu Au ‚Útt ÷t¤{tk rð»ttýwytu™e ËkÏÞt …h ytÄtrh‚ Au.

{„sÚte ™Sf™t ¼t„{tk fq ‚hwk fhzâw k ntuÞ, ½t Ÿztu ntuÞ ‚Útt ÷t¤{tk rð»ttýwytu™e ËkÏÞt ðÄw ntuÞ ‚tu nzfðt™tu

htu„ íðhe‚ ÷t„w …zu Au. ‚uðe s he‚u …qkAze …h {tºt WÍhztu fhu÷ ntuÞ ‚u{s ÷t¤{tk rð»ttýwytu™e ËkÏÞt ytuAentuÞ ‚tu yt htu„ A {tËÚte yuf ð»to ƒtŒ …ý òuðt {¤u Au.

r[Lntu :

yt htu„™t r[Lntu «týeytu{tk ƒu «fthu òuðt {¤u Au.

(1) {wf yÚtðt ÷õðt «fth (zBƒ Vtu{o)

(2) W¥tusf yÚtðt ½t‚f «fth ({u™eÞtf Vtu{o)

(1) {qf yÚtðt ÷fðt «fth™tu nzfðt VeõMz rð»ttýwytuÚte ÚttÞ Au su{tk {wÏÞ r[Lntu ™e[u {w sƒ™t òuðt {¤u Au.

(y) {tuZt{tkÚte …w»f¤ ÷t¤ x…fu Au.

(ƒ) …þw yðts fhðt «Þí™ fhu …ý fhe ™ þfu.

(f) …þw™u ‚tð ytðu.

(z) ÷fðt™e yËh òuðt {¤u.

(E) …þw …qkAze ‚Útt …tA¤™t …„ Mnus ð¤u÷tu ht¾u.

(W) „¤t™t M™tÞwytu ÷fðt „úM‚ ÚtðtÚte …þw …týe-¾tuhtf ÷E ™ þfu.

(2) ½t‚f fu W¥tusf «fth™tu nzfðt ‘MxÙex’ rð»ttýwytuÚte ÚttÞ Au su{tk {wÏÞ r[Lntu ™e[u {w sƒ™t

òuðt {¤u Au.

(y) …þw™u ‚tð ytðu.

(ƒ) …þw ½wh½htxe fhu, fhzðt «Þí™ fhu ‚Útt …tu‚t™t {tr÷f™u …ý ytu¤¾e ™ þfu.

(f) yðts, «ftþ fu yðhsðhÚte …þw W¥tuS‚ ÚttÞ.


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{™w»Þ{tk nzfðt™t r[Lntu ™e[u «{týu™t ‚ƒ¬tytu{tk òuðt {¤u Au.

(1) «tÚtr{f ‚ƒ¬tu («tuzt uh{÷ VuEÍ) : {wÏÞ r[Lntu{tk

(y) fhz™e søÞt …h Œw:¾tðtu ÚttÞ ‚Útt þheh{tk Œw:¾tðtu sýtÞ.

(ƒ) ‚tý ytðu

(f) {tÚtw k Œw:¾u

(z) „¤w k Atu÷tÞ

(2) W¥tuS‚ ‚ƒ¬tu (yuõËtExuþ™ VuEÍ) : {wÏÞ r[Lntu{tk

(y) ƒu[u™e ÷t„u ‚Útt ¾U[ ytðu.

(ƒ) „¤t™t M™tÞwytu{tk þeÚte÷‚t fu ÷õðt ÚttÞ.

(f) …týe …e ™ þfu, …týeÚte zhu (ntRzÙtuVtuƒeÞt).

(z) yðts ‚u{s «ftþÚte W¥tuS‚ ÚtE òÞ.

(E) ïtËtuïtË{tk ‚f÷eV sýtÞ.

(3) …ût½t‚e ‚ƒ¬tu (…uhu÷tExef VuEÍ) : {wÏÞ r[Lntu{tk

(y) M™tÞwytu{tk þeÚte÷‚t y™u yk„tu{tk …ût½t‚™e yËh sýtÞ Au.

(ƒ) ƒuntuþ ÚtE òÞ Au.

…þw…t÷f r{ºttu, …þwytu{tk fu {™w»Þ{tk nzfðt™t r[Lntu [t÷w ÚtÞt ƒtŒ ‚u™tu ftuE E÷ts ™Úte y™u

W…htuõ‚ {wsƒ™t r[Lntu ƒtŒ fYý {]íÞw ÚttÞ Au ‚uÚte s yt htu„™u Sð÷uý htu„ fnuðt{tk ytðu Au.

r™Œt™ : nzfðt™t htu„™wk r™Œt™ r[Lntu W…hÚte ÚtE þfu Au …hk‚w Ë[tux r™Œt™ …þwhtu„ ËkþtuÄ™

«Þtu„þt¤t ¾t‚u s ÚtE þfu Au.

W…[th ‚Útt hËefhý :

nzftÞw k «týe fhzu íÞthu ‚tíftr÷f ™e[u {wsƒ™tk …„÷tk ÷uðtk sYhe hnu Au.

1. ½t™u …w»f¤ …t¤e ‚Útt ËtƒwÚte ËtV fhðtu.

2. ½t W…h yuLxeËuÃxef Œðt suðe fu xª[h ytÞturz™, zuxtu÷, Ëuð÷tu™ ÷„tzðe.

3. ½t W…h …txtu ƒtkÄðtu ™ne ‚Útt xtkft ÷uðt ™nª.

4. rðï ythtuøÞ ËkMÚtt™e Ë÷tn {wsƒ 20 ytE.Þw. «r‚ rf.„út. þheh™ ðs™ «{týu yuLxe huƒef

Ëeh{{tkÚte yzÄwk ½t™e ytË…tË ELsuõþ™ {thV‚u yt…ðwk ‚Útt yzÄwk Útt…t™t ¼t„u M™tÞw{tk

ELsuõþ™Úte yt…ðwk. yt ELsuõþ™ …ife ½t™e ytË…tË 24 f÷tf™e ykŒh ‚Útt Útt…™t ¼t„{tk 7

rŒ™™e ykŒh yt…ðwk rn‚tðn Au. W…[th yk„u™e rðï ythtuøÞ ËkMÚtt™e ¼÷t{ý ™e[u {wsƒ Au.


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hËefhý :

nzfðt htu„ rðhtuÄe hËefhý Ë{ÞËh y™u …q ht ftu»to ËtÚtu fhtððw k ‚u ËtiÚte y„íÞ™e ƒtƒ‚ Au. …þwytu{tk

ƒu «fthÚte hËefhý ÚttÞ Au.

(y) r«-ƒtEx hËefhý (ƒ) …tuMxƒtEx hËefhý

(1) r«ƒtEx hËefhý - nzftÞw k «týe fhzâtk …nu÷tk y…t‚e hËe™u ‘r«-ƒtEx hËe’ fnuðtÞ Au. r«-ƒtExhËe ¾tË fhe™u fq‚htk-rƒ÷tztk suðtk «týeytu™u …þw ztìõxh™e Ë÷tn {wsƒ y…tððe òuEyu.

(2) …tuMx ƒtEx hËefhý : nzftÞwk «týe fhzât ƒtŒ …þw™u nzfðt™t htu„™e yËh ™ ÚttÞ ‚u {txu su hËe

yt…ðt{tk ytðu Au ‚uu™u ‘…tuMx ƒtEx’ hËe fnuðtÞ Au. fux÷ef W…÷çÄ …tuMxƒtEx hËeytu™e {trn‚e

™e[u {wsƒ Au.

(1) ƒe.…e.yu÷. E™ yuõxeðuxuz yuLxehuƒef hËe (ytE.ðe.ƒe.…e.)

(2) yu[.E.ðe. £eÍ zÙtEz V÷whe MxÙuE™ (ƒtÞtu{uz fk…™e)

(3) huƒeÍt™ (hntu™ {uheÞË fk…™e)

(4) hûtthuƒ (EÂLzÞ™ EBÞw™tu÷tuSf÷ fk…™e)

(5) fuLzwh yth. (nufMx - hËu÷ fk…™e)

(6) ðehtuhuƒ (…tM[h {uYyuõË)

(7) huƒeÃÞwh (nuõMx)

nzfðt™t htu„™t yxftð {txu™t Ëq[™tu :

(1) fq ‚ht-rƒ÷tzt suðt …t÷‚w «týeytu™u r«-ƒtEx nzfðtk rðhtuÄe hËe {wftððe sYhe Au.

(2) h¾z‚t fw‚ht™e ðM‚e ½xtzðt {txu™t …„÷tk ðÄw Ë½™ fhðtk òuEyu.

(3) …t÷‚w «týeytu {txu ÷tÞËLË …Ør‚ y…™tððe òuEyu.

(4) …t÷‚w fw‚ht™u h¾z‚t fw‚htÚte Œqh ht¾ðt sYhe Au.

(5) h¾z‚t fw‚htytu yk„u sYhe ÔÞðMÚtt ™„h…tr÷ft BÞwr™. ftu…tuohuþ™ ‚hVÚte ÚttÞ ‚u yk„u ò„]f‚t

ht¾ðe sYhe hnu Au.

(6) MðiÂåAf ËkMÚttytu {thV‚u h¾z‚t fq‚htytu™u Mxhe÷tEÍuþ™ ‚Útt hËefhý yk„u™e ft{„eheytu ntÚtÄhðt{tk ytðu ‚tu nzfðt™t htu„™tu yxftð ðÄw yËhfthf he‚u ÚtE þfu.

(7) nzftÞt «týeytu™tu Ëíðhu ™tþ fhðtu-fhtððtu sYhe ƒ™e hnu Au fthýfu yuf s nzftÞwk «týe 30 Úte

50 …þwytu™u fhzât™t ƒ™tðtu yt…ýtk htßÞ{tk …ý ƒ™u Au. ‚uÚte nzftÞt «týeytu™tu Ëíðhu ™tþ

fhðtu sYhe ƒ™e hnu Au y™u su …þwytu™u nzftÞw k fq‚hw k - rþÞt¤ fhzâw k ntuÞ ‚u™u ‚Útt þkftM…Œ …þwytu™u

…ý …tuMx ƒtEx fwÕ÷u 6 ð¾‚ (0, 3, 7, 14, 28, 90 rŒðËu) E™suõþ™tu yt…ðt™tk ÚttÞ Au.


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yÄwht ftu»toÚte nzfðt™tu htu„ W…zðt™e þõÞ‚t hnu Au ‚u …þw…t÷fu òýðwk sYhe Au.

(8) fux÷ef ð¾‚ nzfðt™t htu„™e þYyt‚{tk …þw…t÷ftu fu …þw…t÷™ ¾t‚t™tk ûtuºteÞ ztìõxhtu/f{o[theytu

þh‚ [q f fhe …þw™t {tuZt{tk ntÚt {qfe ‚…tËýe fhu Au. yt Ëkòu„tu{tk ÔÞÂõ‚™t ntÚt W…h Eò fu

WÍhztu ntuÞ ‚tu ‚u™u …ý nzfðt™tu htu„ ÚtE þfu Au. ‚uÚte yt ƒtƒ‚u {týË™t ztìõxh™e Ë÷tn ÷E

sYhe sýtÞ ‚tu nzfðt rðhtuÄe hËe {wftððe òuEyu.

(9) nzftÞt «týe-…þw™t Œq Ä y™u {tkË{tk …ý yt htu„™t rð»ttýwytu ntuE þfu Au. ‚uÚte ytðtk …þw™t ŒqÄ fu

{tkË™tu W…Þtu„ fhðtu rn‚tðn ™Úte. ‚u{ A‚tk Œq Ä™u Wft¤e™u ‚Útt {tkË™u …fððtÚte rð»tt{wytu™tu ™tþ

ÚttÞ Au.

(10) nzfðt™t htu„ rðhtuÄe hËe {wftÞt™t …wht ftu»to ƒtŒ™t A {rn™t{tk fu A {tË ƒtŒ Vhe «týe fhzu ‚tu

ztìõxhe Ë÷tn-{t„oŒþo™ {wsƒ hËefhý fhtððwk.

‚thý :

(1) nzfðt Ëtu xft Sð÷uý htu„ Au. nzfðt™tu htu„ ÷t„w …zât …Ae ftuE Ëthðth ™Úte.

(2) yt…ýtk Œuþ{tk ‚Útt htßÞ{tk nzfðt™tk htu„ …þwytu{tk ‚Útt {™w»Þ{tk fhðt {txu {wÏÞíðu h¾z‚t fq‚ht

sðtƒŒth Au.

(3) h¾z‚t fw‚ht™e ðM‚e ½xtzðt™t «Þí™tu Ët{qrnf he‚u fhðt òuEyu.

(4) nzftÞwk fq ‚hw k fu rþÞt¤ fhzu íÞthu ‚tíftr÷f «tÚtr{f W…[th fhtððt y™u hËefhý™tu …qhtu ftu»to Ëíðhu

[t÷w fhtððtu.

(5) nzfðt rðhtuÄe hËe™e W…÷çÄ‚t {txu ‚Útt rðþu»t {t„oŒþo™ {txu …þw…t÷ftuyu ™Sf™t …þwŒðt¾t™t/«tÚtr{f …þwËthðth fuLÿ™tu Ëk…fo fhðtu. …þw…t÷™ ¾t‚t ‚hVÚte …tuMx ƒtEx hËe, 50 xft ËntÞÚte

yt…ðt{tk ytðu Au.

...


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144

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16/80

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SIFZ[S ZMURF/M U\ELZ~5 WFZ6 SZ[ tIFZ[ DF6;G]\ D' tI] YFI K[PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP


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147

pEZTM ZMU cD[0 SFp 0L;Lh cpEZTM ZMU cD[0 SFp 0L;Lh cpEZTM ZMU cD[0 SFp 0L;Lh cpEZTM ZMU cD[0 SFp 0L;Lh cpEZTM ZMU cD[0 SFp 0L;Lh c5lZRI o5lZRI o5lZRI o5lZRI o5lZRI o

V[SJL;DL ;NLGF VlT DCtJGF ZMU TZLS[ pEZL VFJ[, cD[0 SFp 0L;Lh c VYJF cAMJF.G:5MghLOMD" V[g;[O[,M5YL (BSE) TZLS[ HF6LTF ZMUYL EFuI[ H SM. VHF6 CX[P UFI;\JU"GF 5|F6LVMD\F

YTF T[DH DUHG[ lJ5lZT V;ZST"F VG[ lGlxRT D'tI]D\F 5lZ6DTF VF GJF H 5|SFZGF ZMU[ I]ZMl5IN[XMD\F VG[ BF; SZLG[ lA|8GD\F T[GL EIFGSTF B} A H 5|DF6D\F JWFZL NLW[, K[P DG]QI HFlTD\F 56 T[GF;\ElJT 5|;ZL XSJFGL 5} Z[5}ZL XSITFG[ SFZ6[ I]ZMl5I N[XMD\F HFC[Z :JF:yI 5Z ;\ElJT HMBD B}A HJWFZ[ S


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148

;DIYL SZJFD\F VFJTM CTMP 5Z\T] .P;P !)(_ GL VF;5F; VF AMG DL, T[DH DL8 DL, T{IFZ SZJFGL5wWlTD\F O[ZOFZ SZJFYL BF; SZLG[ TF5DFGD\F T[DH VD]S ZF;FIl6S 5NFYM"GF 5|DF6D\F W8F0M SZJFYLVF l5|IMG 5|M8LGDI S6GM GFX G Y. XSJFG[ SFZ6[ UFI ;\JU"GF HFGJZMD\F VFCFZ wJFZF NFB, YI[,K[P tIFZ AFN UFI ;\JU"GF HFGJZMD\F 56 V;ZU|:T HFGJZGF AMG DL, T[DH DL8DL,GF VFCFZD\FJ5ZFXG[ SFZ6[ O[,FJM YI[, CMJFG] \ 5]ZJFZ YI[, K[P

ZMUGL 5|lS|IFZMUGL 5|lS|IFZMUGL 5|lS|IFZMUGL 5|lS|IFZMUGL 5|lS|IF ( Pathogenesis);\XMWGG[ VFWFZ[ HF6JF D/[, K[ S[ ;FDFgI ZLT[ l5|IMG 5M8LGDI S6 DG]QI T[DH 5F,T] 5X]VMGF

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VF ZMU 5]bTJIGL p\DZGF HFGJZMD\F BF; SZLG[ # YL 5 JQF"GL p\DZGL CM:8=[G OLHLIG (HF) UFIMD\FjIF5S ZLT[ HMJF D/[ K[P 5Z\T] V[SJFZ ZMUGL X~VFT YTF 5KL T[ B}A H tJlZT UlTV[ lJS;TM CMI K[VG[ VD]S V9JFl0IF S[ JW]D\F JW] & DF;D\F R[TFT\+GF SFIM"G]\ h05YL 5TG Y. HFGJZMG]\ lGlxRT D' tI]YFI K[P ZMUGF ,1F6MD\F HFGJZGF JT"GD\F :5Q8 O[ZOFZ YFI K[P T[GF C,GR,GD\F A[;JFD\F4 p9JFD\F SFA]ZC[TM GYLP 5S0JF HT\F EI VG[ UEZF8 VG]EJ[ K[PX~VFTD\F 5FK,F 5U 5CM/F ZFBL RF,[ K[ OZLXSJFD\F D]xS[,L VG]EJ[ K[P JFZ\JFZ 50LHFI K[P A[;L ZC[T\F W| ]HFZL VG]EJ[ K[P SFGG] \ C,GR,G B}A JWL

HFI K[P V[S H HUFV[ ,\FAF ;DI ;]WL V[SL8X[ HMIF SZ[ K[P VgI HFGJZ 5Z C]D,M SZ[ K[P DFY]\ GLR[ ZFB[K[ VG[ 36L JBT DFY] \ h8SF ;FY[ XZLZ p5Z 58S[ K[P :5X" VG[ VJFH ;FD[ JW] ;\J[NGXL,TF VG]EJ[ K[PN}W NMCJFGL 5|lS|IFD\F ;FY VF5T] \ GYLP ,FT DFZ[ K[P V\T[ lXlY, AGL WLZ[ WLZ[ T[G]\ XZLZ 1FL6 YT] \ HFI K[VG[ T[G[ .H[SXG VF5L NIF D'tI] 5DF0JFGL NC[XT VFJL HFI K[P HFGJZGF VF 5|SFZGF lJlR+ JT"GG[SFZ6[ VF ZMUG[ D[0 SFp V[8,[ S[ UFIMD\F U\F056GM ZMU V[J]\ GFD VF5JFD\F VFjI] \ K[P

ZMUHgI O[ZOFZMZMUHgI O[ZOFZMZMUHgI O[ZOFZMZMUHgI O[ZOFZMZMUHgI O[ZOFZM (Pathological Changes)

ZMUHgI O[ZOFZ D]bItJ[ HFGJZGF S[lgN=I R[TFT\+D\F HMJF D/[ K[ P DUHGF E} BZF N=jI ( GrayMatter) D\F lKN=M 50L HJFGF SFZ6[ DUH JFN/L H[J] \ s:5MgHf Y. HFI K[P ;]1DNX"S I\+D\F HMT\F DUHGF

R[TFSMQFMGF SMQFZ; T[DH T[GL VFH]AFH]GF R[TFI]ST T\FT6F H[G[ gI]ZM5L, SC[ K[ T[D\F ,\AUM/ S[ UM/VFSFZGF lKN=M HMJF D/[ K[P DUHGF R[TFSMQFMD\F VF 5|SFZGF lKN= MGL CFHZL (Vacuolations) V[ ZMUGFlGNFG DF8[GF ;}RS O[ZOFZ K[P VF p5Z\FT .,[S8=MG DF.S|M:SM5D\F DUHGL 5[XLVMGM VeIF; SZTF\ T[D\F:S| [5LHgI V[DF.,M0GF T\FT6F VYJF :TZGL HDFJ8 YI[,L HM. XSFI K[P VF l;JFI VgI SM. O[ZOFZVgI V\UMD\F HM. XSFTF GYLPJ/L4 R[TFSMQFMD\F SM.56 5|SFZGF VF ZMU ;FD[ ,0T VF5TF SMQFM (Inflammatory cells) 56 HMJF D/TF GYLP VF SMQFMGL U[ZCFHZL V[ VF ZMUGL JW] EIFGSTF 5]ZJFZSZ[ K[P VF SMQFM ;FDFgI ZLT[ R[5U|:T ;]1D HLJGF GFX DF8[ XZLZ wJFZF pt5gG YTL lS|IF wJFZF HDF YTFCMI K[P H[GM VF ZMUD\F ;\5}6" VEFJ CMI K[P


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149

ZMUG]\ lGNFGoZMUG]\ lGNFGoZMUG]\ lGNFGoZMUG]\ lGNFGoZMUG]\ lGNFGo

HLlJT 5|F6LVMD\F VF ZMUG]\ lGNFG RMSS; ZLT[ SZJFGL CF, SM. 5wWlT p5,aW GYLP

s!f ZMUGF ,1F6M VFWFlZT VF ZMU CMJFGL XSITF lJRFZL XSFIP

sZf DZ6MtTZ lGNFG V[ H VF ZMUG]\ RMSS; lGNFG SZJFGL 5wWlT K[P DUHGF SMQFMD\F lJS' lTHgIO[ZOFZ ( Histopathological diagnosis)V[ H VF ZMUD\F RMSS; lGNFG DF8[GF ;} RS K[P

s#f I]PV[;PV[P T[DH HD"GLD\F V;ZU|:T HLlJT HFGJZ VYJF DG]QIGF DUHGF 5|JFCL R{TFN=jI(Cerebrospinal fluid)GM p5IMU SZL .dI]GM 5ZL1F6 wJFZF ALPV[;P.P T[DH DG]QID\F YT\F;LPH[P0L DF8[ HJFANFZ l5|IMG 5| M8LGGL ;ZBFD6L SZL XS[ T[JL lGNFG 5wWlT lJS;FJJFD\FVFJL ZCL K[P H[G[ SFZ6[ lAGV;ZU|:T 5|F6LVMGL ST, Y. XSTL V8SX[P T[D DGFI K[P HM S[lGNFGGL VF 5wWlT CHL HFGJZMD\F VD,D\F D}ST\F ;DI ,FU[ T[D K[P 5Z\T] DG]QID\F H[GM p5IMUVFXF:5N 5lZ6FDM VF5[ T[JL ;\EFJGF K[P

HFC[Z :JF:yIGL NlQ8V[ ZMUG] \ DCtJ ( Zoonotic Potential )

DG]QI HFlTGF HFC[Z VFZMuIGL NlQ8V[ 56 VF ZMU B} A RR"FGM lJQFI K[P DG]QI HFlTD\F BF;SZLG[ lA|8GD\F ;FR[ H 0Z 5[;L UIM K[ S[ HM0 D[0SFp ZMUU|:T HFGJZMG] \ D\F; BFJFYL DG]QID\F 56 VFZMU O[,F. XS[ K[P DG]QID\F l5|IMG 5|M8LGG[ ,LW[ S| ]hO[


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150

ALPV[;P.P ZMUGF VFJT"SF/D\F CTL T[ DG]QIGL VFCFZ HF/ ( Food chain) D\F NFB, Y. XS[ K[ VG[ H[DF6;MV[ VF V;Z C[9/GF HFGJZMG]\ D\F; BFW] \ CX[ T[VM VtIFZ[ VFJT"SF/D\F SM. ElJQID\F J[ZLVg85|SFZGM ;LPH[P0LPDM8F 5|DF6D\F O[,FJFGL XSITF GSFZL S-FTL GYLP

VF56F N[XD\F ALPV[;P.P S[ PALPV[;P.P wJFZF pNElJT gI] J[ZLVg8 VMO ;LPH[P0LP CMJFGLXSITF ,UEU GCLJT K[ SFZ6 S[ 5|M8LGGF ;:TF :TM+ TZLS[ VF56[ tI\F 3[8FGF AMG DL, S[ DL8 DL,GM

HFGJZGF BMZFS DF8[ p5IMU YTM GYLP KT\F 56 * V[l5|, !))& GF lCgN]:TFG 8F.d; 5|;FlZT ,[BVG];FZ EFZ6D\F 56 ALPV[;P.P T[DH gI] J[ZLVg8 VMO ;LPH[P0LP CMJFGF X\SF:5N S[;M lN


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151

s&f VF ZMUYL D' tI] 5FD[, HFGJZGM TFtSFl,S lGSF, SZJM VG[ T[GF SM.56 VJIJGM BMZFS DF8[p5IMU G YFI T[GF TZO ;lJX[QF TS[NFZL ZFBJLP

s*f BF; SZLG[ H[ N[XMD\F VF ZMU GYL tI\F R[TFT\+GF ZMUYL 5Ll0T HFGJZGF DUHGF GD} GFVMG]\lC:8M5[YM,MHLS, 5ZL1F6 OZlHIFT AGFJJ]\P

VFD4 lA|8GGM VF DG]QI5| [lZT ZMU V[ VFHGF I]UGM DG]QI HFlT DF8[ ElJQID\F BTZGFS 5]ZJFZ

YFI T[JL XSITFVM WZFJTM pEZTM ZMU K[ VG[ T[ VF56G[ ;\N[XM VF5[ K[ S[ SM.56 VS]NZTL J:T]VMGMp5IMU SZT\F B} A H ;FJWFG VG[ ;R[T ZC[J] \ H~ZL K[P

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP


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152

A0"O,]A0"O,]A0"O,]A0"O,]A0"O,]VFHSF, JT"DFG5+M S[ 8LPJLP ;J"+ ccA0"O,]cc lJX[ RR"F TYF VC[JF,M VFJTF ZC[ K[P NZ[S jIlSTG[

5|xG YFI K[ S[ DZ3FGF VF ZMUGM VF8,M DM8F[ CFp S[ 0Z S[D K[ m VF ZMU V\U[ YM0L lJ:T' T RR"F 36F;DFWFGM ,FJL XSFX[P

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23/80

153

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!)&(v&) CM\ \USMU O,] H3N2 V[ #$___ DG]QIGM EMU ,LWMP

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D]bI NC[XTv5[lGS XF DF8[ K[PD]bI NC[XTv5[lGS XF DF8[ K[PD]bI NC[XTv5[lGS XF DF8[ K[PD]bI NC[XTv5[lGS XF DF8[ K[PD]bI NC[XTv5[lGS XF DF8[ K[P

DZ3FD\F YTM A0"O,] H[ H5N1 YL YI[, K[ T[ DZ3F S[ N} lQFT YI[, DF,;FDFG4 .0F4 DZ3LG]\ D\F;

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24/80

154

V;ZU|:T OFD"GF DZ3FGL VFJF ;\HMUMD\F ;FZJFZ SZJFGM 5|IF; G SZJMP

DZ3F OFD"GF GFX SZ[, DZWFGM p\0F BF0FD\F NJF K\8SFJ sOMD[ ",LG4 R} GM4 DL9]\ lJU[Z[ p5IMU SZL

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155

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