[ ] (pra ayama ) ,- - . 1. 2. 3. . 1. 2. 3. . 1. 2. 3. . 1. , . , . , . . . . , , . . , , . . , . . , , . , . . . (deha) . dih . . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . . . . . , . . , , . , . , , , . , . , . , (atman) . . (Hathayoga-Pradpik) (Geraa-Sahita) (iva-Sahita) . HYP . , , , . GS 17 7 351 . . . SS 17~18 . 5 645 . SS GS , HP . . 1 , 2 , 3 . 4 . 5 . 5 . , . . , , . , . HP GS SS . 1 . . 2 . , . 3 . , , . , , , , . , .. 1. pra pra-an(.to breathe) , , , , ??? . ( , ) . (,,) . . . . pneuma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , , , , , . . , . , . . , , . , . HYP 4 . . , . . , . HYP . . ? HYP . HYP . . , , . . . . . . . (prna) (yama) . , . . . . . . . , . (pryma) pra() yma(, ) (kumbhaka). . . kumbhaka . , . . , . 2. , Nasadasitya-sukta() .Purua-Skta() purua . pra . pra , . . , . pra () . , , . , . pra 2an() pra . pra , 5pra , , pr a . Atharva-Veda . Nsadsitya-Skta() (a n) . pra , Hirayagarbha-Skta() tman', 'pr a' asu' . 2 tman' , 3 pra . . ??? ??? (Rig-Veda,10.90) (the Hymn of the Cosmic Person) , . P urua-Skta() purua . pr a . pra , . . , . pra () . g-Veda Pra , , . Sma-Veda pra . g-Veda a pa . pra apa . Veda Mitra Varua pra apa . Yajur-Veda Sma-Veda apa pra , vyna . Veda g-Veda , . Atharva-Veda . Atharva-Veda g-Veda , . , , . , , upaniad taman Brahman . g-Veda Pra pra . Veda pra (11.4~26) . (life-force) , pra , . Atharva-Veda .3.3~4 pra . Veda pra tman . pra . Vata pra . Skambha (Vta) . pra pa . Veda pra . 5 , 10 , . pra apna Atharva-Veda.53.2, .53.3, .2.11 . . (karma) . pra apna . , pra apna () . pra, apna, Vyna . . . upaniads . Atharva-Veda pra 9 . . .28.1 9pras 9 . , , 9pras pra, apna, vyna, udna, sam na pra(upapra) Naga( ), Krma( ), Kka ra(, ), devadatta() , 9 , , , . Veda pra , Upaniads 5pra , Vednta , Haha-yoga dasa-nadi(10, ) , da ajaya( , , ) 9 , . g-Veda Atharva-Veda pra 11 4 (26) pra , , . g-Veda Hiranya-garbha . Veda prna . pra () pra, apna, Vy na . pra ( ) , . pra garbha() , . pra pra prjpati . g-Veda pra (asu an, tman, manas) . Atharva-veda , pra . , . pra tman , pra prayma() , 5 pram aytman() pra . ath arva-veda , . . prana . . (,1) Ekavrtya , . . . (pryma) (agnihotra) . , . . , (tantrism) . (,15) (pratyhra) , (pryma) . . . ( ) . . , . . . . . () . (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3. . 8 . , . , , , . . . . , . , , . . . . . . . . . HP, GS, SS . . 8 . . (vicce da) . , , , . . . . . . . . . . AD 9-10 . ??? ???, ??????, ?????? 21 . 12-13 . , , . 13 (Goraksanatha). (Goraknath) (Goraksataka) . 16-17 (svatmarama) . . . 8 . . Yoga-shikha-upaniad . , . . . . . ... . . . , (mudra) (bandha) . . , . . . . : bodily purification (asana) : posture (mudra) (pratyahara) : withdrawal of senses (pranayama) : breath control (dhyana) : deep meditation (samadhi) : higher consciousness . . . . 4 389 . 1 2 recaka, puraka, kumbh aka 3 . 4 . , . . . . . . , . . , , . .3 1. ......( ) ( ) , , ,, . . , . , . . . . , . ??? ??? , . . . . . , . . . . . , . , . . . . . . . . (). n d , . 14 . , , , . , 7 , (chakra) . . , , . ,, , , () . (ahamkara) (prna) . ( ) . . Prna, Apna, Samna, Udna, Vyna ( ) . Nga, Krma ,Kikara, Devadatta, Dhananjaya ( ) . 10 . , ( ) . 10 . .[SS 3:2-6] SS GS . , , , . .[SS 3:7, GS 5:60-61] ( ) Naga ( ): , , , , .[SS 3:8, GS 5:62-64] SS, HP , . (). . 35 ( ) . 14 . ( ) Suumn, Id, Pingal, Gndhri, Hastijihva, kuhu, Saraswati, pua, ankhini, Payyaswini, Vruni, Alambua, Viwodari, Yaaswini. 3,,- .[SS 2:13-5] . nd , . , , . , , 6 . . . . . . , . -Chitra - . , Brahmarandhra( ) . . . . .[SS 2:16-20] . (Vajr), (Chitrii), (Brahma-Ni) . (sattva) , (ra jas) , (tamas) . , , , . .[SS 2:29-32] , , 14 .[SS 5:78-9] , , , . 3 gua . . . . (Shakti) . , . . . , . . , , . . , . . . . . . Ananta , . (Hathayogapradipika3.1) , , . , (, , ) . (, , ) (kumbhaka) . . . , . (Hathayogapradipika,3.2), , . . (H athayogapradipika,3.3) . . . 2. , , . , , . . , . . HYP GS . HYP . , . . , . , 4 . . . , . . . . . . , . prana . prana , . (nadis) , (nadis) (chakra) . () ( ) . , , , . . . . . . . (mudra) (bandha) . 8 , . HYP , . , . . , , , . ? . . . . . . ( ) . ( ) . (Hathayogapradipika 4.25) , , . (Hathayogapradipika 4.29) , ( ) , , , , (=cataleptic consciou sness) . , . , . (praka) (kumbhaka), (recaka) 3 . . . . . , . . (ghata) . . . . , , . . 4 . . . sahita , . , . . . . 1 2 3 4 . , , , . . 4 . (1) 1 (rambha) : , , ( ) . () , . (2) 2 (ghaa) : , , . , . (3) 3 (paricaya) : , . , , , , , , . (4) 4 (nipatty) : , . ( ) . . . . . . GS HP . , . 3. . . . 8 , , . . . . . , , (Mahabharata), (Puranas) , . . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . , , . . , . . . ??? ??? Hathay ogapradipika . . (mudra) (band ha) . . . . . . . . . . , .. . . , , , . , . . . . . . . , . . . , , , , , , . . , puraka, kumbhaka, rechaka . SS rambha-avasth, Ghata-avasth, Parchaya-avasth, Nishpatti -avasth [SS 3:33] () . , . rambha-avasth: . ( ) , ( ) . ( ) . . . (kumbhaka) . .[SS. SG3:22-29, CV3:21-27] , Ghata-avasth: , , . 1(3) .[SS. SG3:63-66, CV3:55-59] , . . , ( ) . [YS 2:54] SS YS . GS . , .[GS 4:9] . , Parchaya-avasth: . kriy-sakti . karma 3trikutam . praava(AUM) . kyavyuha( skanda ) . , 5 dhran , , , , , , . 5 .[S S. SG3:69-76, CV3:60-65] . . . , , -, , , . . . ( ) . : . , , . . , Nishpatti-avasth: . jivanmukta , , cetana( ) 6 jana-sakti .[SS. SG3:77-79, CV3:66-67] HP 4 , . GS 8 . SS rambha-avasth, Ghata-avasth, Parchaya-a vasth, Nishpatti-avasth , . SS . ...... . . . . . , . . . , . . . , . . . . . . . .1. . HYP . . , . SS , . . . , , , . , 16 SS . HYP , (vasana), . . , . 3 . SS . (Yuktidipika) 5 . 5 . 5 17 . 8 , . , , , , . . . , , . , , . . SS , . SS , . SS 8 , 8 , . SS . , , . ---.p.902. . . . 81 . . . . , . SS 8 . 8 . . . . 81 . . . (miraculous powers, siddhis) . ?????? 3 16-52 . (..) . , . . . (samskara,subconscious residues, ) (??????,3.18) . (??????,3.21) (Self) . . ( ) (??????,3.35) ?????? . ?????? . ??? ??? (acquired)" (powers)" , . ??? ??? , . . . , . ->->-> . . ??? ??? = . ' , , , . mahasiddhas(possessors of occult powers) . (renunciatoin) . . , (renunciation) . , . . . , . . 3. , , , . . , . , , . , , , , (sakti) (siva) , . . . . . , . . . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . . , . . (samdhi) . . . (sam+a+dhi)' , . . (4) . . Kshurika Upa nishad . . . ?????? . , . (??????, 3.3) ?????? () , .(??????,4.6) . . . , . . (??????,4.7) . , , ? ., (prana) , ( ) ., . . () , ( ) . (Hathayogapradipika, 4.15, 12,30) . . . . . , . . . . , . (purua) (kaivalya), (jva) . . . . , (bhava-pa)' . . (jvan-mukti) . 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