sap_r3
TRANSCRIPT
65.0 32.973.26-018.2 16 . 16 SAP R/3. : . . . . .: , 2006. 511 ., . ISBN 5-98453-005-8 , SAP . SAP R/3: , ERP, , SAP , ASAP SAP. ERP-, , , SAP; , , SAP . , SAP, .
. . , , . , . , .
ISBN 0-672-31776-1 (.) ISBN 5-98453-005-8 (.)
S a m s Publishing, 2000 , 2004 , 2005
SAP R/3:
. , , . , ERP. ERP- , . , - . SAP AG, SAP R/3. ERP- , . . , ERP-, . , , , . , ERP- . , ERP-. ! ERP- . , ERP, , . ERP -, .
, . ERP-? , ERP- . ERP-. , - , , , , . / ERP-. , SAP R/3. , ERP , ERP . E R P SAP R/3 , . , ERP- , . . , / SAP , SAP. SAP R/3 . SAP AG SAP UNIVERSITY ALLIANCE. , , . , . . SAP R/3. , ERP-, , . ERP-po, ERP-. , ERP-, , , .
, ERP- . , , . , , , . , , , , . ERP- , , , . , , , . , , E R P . . , ERP-, , . (Balance Scorecard). ( ) (Supply Chain M a n a g e m e n t , SCM) (Customer Relationship M a n a g e m e n t , CRM). , E R P E R P I I (Enterprise Resource and Relationship Processing) , , . , ERP-. , SAP R/3, , . , , SAP , , ERP-. , , SAP, SAP R/3. .. , /
23
I.
27
1.
29
SAP R/3 30 31 ERP? 35 ERP - 38 ERP ...39 ERP 39 ERP - 40 ERP 41 - ERP 42 ERP 42 ERP 43 ERP , , ERP? 44 44 47 47 48 49 50 50 52 53
E R P , ,
54 56
57 58
2. ERP- ERP- ERP- ERP- ERP ERP ERP- ERP- ERP ERP ERP ERP
5960 66 66 67 91 94 94 95 96 99 100 101 101 102
3. ERP- SAP ERP- , ERP- ERP-
103104 104 106 106 106 107 107 107 107 108 108 109 109
9
ERP-
109 114 114 114
4. S A P SAP SAP SAP R/3 - (GUI) SAP R/3 SAP
115116 117 121 121 122 124 125 127 134 136 138
5. S A P SAP SAP SAP SAP SAP SAP SAP
139140 141 142 147 149 151 156 159 159 159 161 161 162 162 162 163 163 164
SAP R/3
6. S A P - - - AcceleratedSAP - BPR - - BPR , , , SAP SAP SAP
165166 167 169 170 171 172 172 173 176 177 177 178 178 179 180
II. S A P R/3
181
7. ERP- SAP R/3 /4
183184 186 190 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 196 197 197
11
SAPGUI SAP
198 198 198 198
8. SAP /4 /4 /4 SAP /4 SAPscripts /4
199200 201 201 202 203 204 204 205 208 209 209 210 212 214 214 216 216 216 217 217 218 218 218 218 219 219 219 220 220 221 221 221 222
SAP R/ 3
9. S A P R/3 (FI-CO) (SD) () ( ) (QM) ( ) (HR) (IM) SAP
223224 228 232 236 242 244 246 249 250 256
III.
257
10. S A P SAP SAP SAP SAP SAP SAP SAP SAP AcceleratedSAP (ASAP)
259260 260 261 261 261 262 262 262 262 263 264 264 265 265 265 266 266 266 267 268 268 270 270
SAP SAP SAP SAP SAP
271 272 272 273 273 273 274
11. S A P SAP LAN WAN
275276 278 278
SAP 279 SAP..................280 280 280 281 SAP 281 282 284 284 R/3 285 286 286 289 290 290 292 294
IV.
295
12. A c c e l e r a t e d S A P SAP ?
297298 299 300
SAP CASE SAP ASAP? ASAP ASAP , ASAP ASAP ASAP, BPR ASAP IMG IMG SAP
301 301 302 304 306 307 307 307 308 308 309 310 311 318
13.
319
320 320 322 322 324 324 325 325 327 330 332 333 333 333 333 333 334 334
14.
335
337 337
15
- - - - -
337 337 338 338 338 339 340 341 342 342 343 343 343 344 344 344 346 348 348 349 349 352 352 356
357 358 358
15.
359361
361 ....... 361 362 362 363 365 365 366
16
367 368 369 370 370
370 372 373 374 /4 375 377 377 378 378 379 381 382 382 383 384 384 384 387 389 390
16.
391
392 393 ..393 393 394 394 395 396 396 397
17
399 399 400 401 401 402 402 402
17. - SAP
403 404 404 405 405 405 405 406 406 407
V.
409
18. S A P SAP SAP R/3 SAP
411 412 413 414 415 415 416 417 417 418
19.
S A P SAP Business Workflow SAP
419 421 422
SAP Business Workflow - SAP SAP BW SAP BW - SAP Application Link Enabling ALE ALE SAP R/3 SAP - SAP
423 424 426 427 432 435 436 436 439 441 442 443 448
VI. S A P
449
20. SAP , - SAP - - ValueSAP SAP AG
451452 453 454 455 456 457 458 458 461 462 466 466 467 467 468 469 470 471 471 472 473 473 474
2 1 . , , SAP Web- - mySAP.com ,
475 476 478 484 491 493 494 495 500 501
505
, FI-CO SAP, . , . , - . , , .
21
, , , . . , , . , , , , . , , , , , . , . . -, 10 1999 .
22
SAP R/3
( ) , , . , . . . : 317-555-4770 Email: [email protected] : Angela Wethington S a m s Publishing 201 West 103rd Street Indianapolis, IN 46290 USA
23
, (ERP). E R P , , . , . , SAP . ERP-, , , SAP; , , SAP . , SAP, . , SAP, . 50 . 1 . ; . ( Forbes) SAP , ERP- . , , ERP- . , SAP , SAP , - 70 100 . , .
24
SAP R/3
? 1990- ERP- , ERP-, SAP, . ERP- ERP- , , ERP- , , . SAP, . 4 ERP-. , (SCM), (CRM), (EAI) SAP - mySAP.com. , S A P ERP- , , , , , , . S A P S A P . , , , S A P . , SAP, AcceleratedSAP (ASAP) . , , ERP- , (Enterprise Standard Time, EST), , (Extended collaborative enterprise, ), (Critical Value Determinants, CVD) Web- (Web User Interface, WUI) . , . , .
25
? I: ERP- ( S A P ) . 1 , ERP- . 2 3 ERP-, , SAP ERP- . 5 SAP; , . 6 - , ERP-, , , ASAP SAP.
II: SAP R/3 , S A P . 7 , S A P . 8 Advanced B u s i n e s s A p p l i c a t i o n P r o g r a m m i n g (), S A P . 9 S A P R/3 .
III: , SAP. 10 SAP, 12 SAP.
IV: ASAP, SAP. 12 ASAP, ASAP: , , , , .
26
V: 18 SAP, ; 19 , SAP , .
VI: SAP 20 SAP . 21 , (Extended Collabo rative Enterprise, ), SAP , (Advanced P l a n n i n g and Optimization, APO) - mySAP.com. SAP , , mySAP.com SAP .
? SAP. , : : 1, 4, 20 2 1 . : 1, 4, 5, 6, 10, 20 21. ERP- SAP: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 21. : 1, 4, 5, , 9 21. SAP: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12 17, 20 21. : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10 19 21. SAP: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 19. , SAP: 1, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, 20 21. 4, 5, 10, 12, 18, 20 21. -, 15 1999 .
, E R P , , SAP: 1,
I :1 2 ERP- 3 ERP- 4 SAP 5 SAP 6 SAP 29 59 103 115 139 165
130
: SAP R/3 ERP? ERP , , 56 44 52 53 54
31
57 58
30
I
, , . , , , . , , , . , , . ERP- , SAP R/3, .
SAP R/3 SAP , . 4 0 % . 1998 8,47 . SAP, 10,000 SAP 19,000 SAP. SAP 1 . , , , , . SAP , R/2 R/3. R/2 , IBM, Siemens .. R/3, -, 1992 . , 3.0 3.1, , SAP. SAP , R/2 R/3. , , , . , , SAP - R/3. S A P , SAP, , . , SAP, . S A P , -
1
31
, , . SAP - (process-oriented) . , S A P , . , , , . , , . SAP , , . , , . , (Graphical User Interface, G U I ) , . SAP , , , . , SAP . SAP ERP-, , . , E R P (Enterprise Resources P l a n n i n g ) . ERP- .
, (IS). -
32
I
IT-. , . , , , . , , , . , . , 80-. : PC- , . , . , , . , . , ; . . , IT-, , , . , . , , , , . , . . , . , , . , . , , , , . IT/IS.
1
, - , ; . , . , 50 8 0 % IT/IS . IT- . IT/IS, , , , . , .. . , , : , . . . . . , IT. . . , . . . . . . . . (Computer Aided Software Engineering, CASE) , , -
34
. CASE, , , . , , , . , . , . . ERP- , . , . , ERP- . , , , , , ERP-, , , , . . 1.1 ERP- .
1.1. ERP .
1
35
, ERP-, . , ERP- , , : , - , IT - , : , .
ERP?, ERP? , , . ERP-, , , , , , . ERP ERP , ; , , ERP , . , , ERP, , (. ERP- 2). , ERP : (Enterprise Resources Planning, E R P ) ,
36
I
, , , , , . - . E R P , CASE, . , , . , SAP 4.0 800 , 8000 . , , , . , , , ERP, 80- . : E R P E R P E R P , ERP ERP E R P . , E R P , . , , . , ; , . , ERP , , , . , E R P , , E R P . , SAP R/3 .
37
ERP . , , . , , . , . , . E R P , . , SAP R/3 , . SAP , . , , SAP , . , (Software Development Life Cycle, SDLC), , E R P . , , E R P , , ERP , , , , . , 800 SAP R/3 , , , . , , ERP- , , , , . ERP- , , , , . , ERP- , - . , ERP- . , .
38
I
ERP- , . , , . E R P : E R P - E R P E R P
E R P - E R P E R P - E R P E R P E R P , . ; , , E R P . , ERP- . , ERP-, , SAP R/3, , .
ERP - - , , . , E R P . , , , ERP-, , . ERP- ERP- .
1
ERP , , , . , , ERP- , , : , ; ( , ); ( , ) .. E R P , . , ERP- , . .
ERP , , , , . , , . , , , , , , , , , , , . . , IS/IT . , ERP- , , , , . , SAP , . : , , , ,
I
, - . , , , . ERP-, SAP R/3, , .
ERP - , , , , , , . . , - . , , 1-, . , , , , . , , , , . - , . , , , , . E R P . ERP- , -
1
. Workflow ERP-.
ERP E R P , . E R P , , , . E R P , (Just In Time, JIT) , . , . , , , , . , . , , (Enterprise Standard Time, EST), : , . , , . EST. , , , . , E R P , , . , EST; , , , (. ). , . , , ,
42
, , ERP-, SAP. , , , . , , , . , , , , . , , / , , - .. ERP-, SAP, , , , .
- ERP SAP , , . - , . - , . - , , -! , , , , , .
ERP E R P , . , MRP-II 1970- . ERP MRP-II (World Class Manufacturing, WCM), 80- . WCM , (), (Total Quality Management, TQM), -
1
(Benchmarking), ( H u m a n Resources Development), (Lean Manufacturing), , 1990- , -. l.l . ERP .
1.1 XX , I S O 9000 -
1690 1890 1900 1920 1930 1950 1960 1970 1970 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1990 1990 1990 1990
. . . .
NASI
. II &
ERP ERP , , , , .
I
, . , , . , ERP , . ERP , , . , . , IT !
ERP , , SAP . SAP , , . , , SAP . , , , . , , .
1990- . , , . , . . , . , , , -
11
. , . ( M a n a g e m e n t by Collaboration, ). ERP-, SAP R/3, , . , . , , , , , , , . , , ERP-, SAP, , . , , , , , , . , . , , ; , . , , , , . -, . , , , , , . , . , , , , , , , . - . , , , , , . , , .
, , , . , , , , , , , . , , -, (self-directed work t e a m s , S D W T ) , . . , , , . , , , . , , . , , , . , , 5 0 % , . , , , . ( , , , ) . , , , . , , . . ERP-, SAP R/3 , : SAP Office (), SAP Workflow ( ) SAP Business Warehouse ( ).
, , . , , . , , . , , , S A P R/3, ( ) . , , ; , . , , , , , , , , . , , , . , 1990- , , . .
, E R P , , , , , , , . . - , , , . , ERP- 100%, , , ERP- -, . . , ,
. , , , . , , . , , , , , . , , , (Process Innovation, PI), - (Business Process Improvement, BPI), - (Business Process Redesign, BPRD), - (Business Process Re-engineering, BPR), , , . ERP -, , (TQM). 6 SAP .
- , . , , , . (, , ), (, , ), . ( ), , , , - , -. 6 , - SAP R/3 , . , ( .), ( ,
.), ( , , , .), ( , , .) ( , , .). , ( , , . .) . , , . , , , , , . (Critical Value Determinants, CVD). , , , CVD.
- ( C V D ) . , , , . , . , . - . . , ERP-, SAP R/3, . SAP R/3 . -, , . , , .
. , . , , . ; , , , , , . , . , , . , , , , , . 4 SAP, S A P R/3 -. , , , S A P , . , ERP- , . , . E R P , , , , , , . , . , , . , , , , ERP- SAP R/3, .
, , -
. , - , . , , , , , , . . , , , , , , . ., , , , . E R P - , S A P R/3, , . 21, , , . , , . , , , . , , , , . . , (), . , , , . . E R P , . , ERP- , ,
, . : , , .
ERP? E R P : , . , , . . : ; , , , , , , . , , , , - . . , , , ( Q C , QA, TQM). , , (Activity Based Management, ABM) , , , . , , (Return on Investment, ROI), , , , . , , , , . . , E R P , , . , .
. -
. , , ; ( , , , . .) , , . -. , , , . .
, , SAP, , , . , .
, , . , , - . XXI , , . . E R P - , S A P , , , , . , . . , . , ,
, , , , .. , , , , , , . , , , , . . , . S A P , .
ERP-, , , , , , , . . ERP- , ( , , ). , . , (, ), . , , , . , , : , , , . . , . . , , , . . , , . . , , . . , , . . ( ) . , , :
,
,
,
,
, , . . , ( J I T ) . , , , , . , , .. , , , , : , . .
, , - , / , . , , . , , ERP-, , , . , SAP R/3, . , , . , , , E R P , , , . . , , , , . ERP-, , SAP R/3, . , ERP- , , .
ERP , ERP-, , , , , , . , ERP- , . , . , , , , , . ERP- , . . , , , , ERP-, (. 21). , , SAP , SAP. mySAP.com, SAP , . E R P - . : , , , , , , , .. E R P , , , , .
57
, , , ERP . , , , , . . ERP , . . E R P . . , . . E R P , , , . S A P , , . . , ERP- , . , , . . E R P . , , , . . E R P , , , ; , .
I
, . , . , , (, ) , , (Extended Collaborative Enterprise, ). , (Customer Triggered Company), , - (Web user-interfaces, WUI), , SAP mySAP.com . SAP , .
ERP-
260
: ERP- ERP- ERP- 66 94 102
I |
I
ERP-, . , , . ERP- , .
ERP- ERP- . ERP 1 , ERP- . , , , , . ERP, , SAP R/3. -, ERP-. , . , ERP- .
ERP-. . , , , , . ., , ERP. , , , : , , , , , , , . . , , ERP-. , , . ,
2
61
. , (), , . . , ( , , , , . .).
, , , (), . . ( G U I ) , , , , . . (RDBMS), , Oracle, DB2 .
. , , , ERP-.
, . , . . , .
, ERP-. , , Oracle, DB2 . .
62
IV ERP- , , ( ), .
, ( ), , , , . , , , , . .
, , . , , , - . . , , , .
, , , .. , , , , , , . . , , , , . .
- 2
63
. .
E R P . , , , , , , . . , . ERP- .
, . , . , , . ERP-.
, ERP-. , - , . .
E R P , , , . , , , , , , ; , , . .
, , , , . .
, , , . .
, , , , , ..
ERP-, , , , . .
Application P r o g r a m m i n g Interface (API) E R P , , , (Supply-Chain M a n a g e m e n t , SCM), (Customer Relationship M a n a g e m e n t , CRM), (Electronic Data Interchange, EDI) . ., . , , , , . , ERP , , , , , . .
, , , . , . .
. , .
, , , , ERP-. . .
, , . . , . .
ERP- . , , , , , . . , , , , . .
E R P . , - , .
, ERP-. , () , , , , , . .
ERP- ERP- . ERP, , SAP R/3, . ERP- ERP , , . , , . , , , . E R P . E R P - .
ERP- ERP-:
67
.
ERP ERP- , . , . 2.1 - 2.8 : , ERP-, 2.1. , E R P , 2.2. , E R P 2.3. E R P 2.4. ERP 2.5. E R P 2.6. ERP 2.7. ERP- 2.8. : : , ERP-. : , , ERP-. : , ERP-. : , , , , ERP-.
2.1 ERP:
I
ERP- ?
2 ? ? 3 ? ? 4 ERP-? 5 ? 6 ? 7 : ? 8 : , , ?
2.1
9 ? 10 ? 11 - ? 12 ? 13 , , ? 14 ? ? 15 - ? 16 ? 17 - ERP-?
2.2 ERP:
1
ERP-
2 ? , ? 3 ? 4 , ERP- ? _ 5 ? _ 6 ? 7 , ERP-? , ? _ 8 ?
_
2.2
9 ? ? 10 ? 11 ERP- : ; ? 12 , ? 13 ? 14 ? 15 ? ? 16 ?
72
2.2
17 ? 18 ? ? 19 ? SCM, CRM, EDI ? 20 ? 21 ? ? 22 ERP , ? 23 ERP- ? 24 ERP ? ?
2.2
25 ? 26 ? ? 27 ? , , ? 28 ? 29 ? 30 ? 31 ? 32 ? 33 ?
2.2
34 , ? 35 , ? 36 ? 37 ? 35 ? , ? 36 ? 37 ? 38 ?
2.2
39 ? 40 , ? 41 ( )? 42 ? 43 ? 44 ? 45 ? 46 ?
2.3 ERP:
1 ERP ?
2.3
2 , ERP? 3 ? 4 ERP- ? 5 ERP- (GUI)? 6 , , .? 7 : , ? ? 8 ? 9 , , , , , .?
2.3
10 , , ? 11 : , ? 12 ? 13 , ? 14 ()? ? 15 ? 16 ? 17 ? _
2.3
18 , , ? 19 ? 20 , ? 21 , , ? 22 ? 23 ? 24 4GL ( )? _
2.3
25 ? 26 ? 27 , , ? 28 ? 29 ? 30 , ? 31 , , , ? 32 , ?
2.3
33 : , , ? 34 ? 35 ? 36 ? 37 ? 38 ? 39 ? 40 ? 41 ? 42
2.3
? 43 ? 44 ? 45 ? 46 ? 47 ? 48 (API)? 49 ? 50 , ? 51 ?
2.3
52 , ? 53 ? 54 ? 55 ? 56 ? 57 ? 58 ? 59 , , . ?
2.4 ERP:
1 ?
2.4
2 ? 3 - ? 4 ? - -? 5 ? 6 ? 7 , ? 8 ?
9 ERP
2.4
, , LAN . ., ? 10 ? 11 ? 12 ?
2.5 ERP: ,
1
?
2 ? 3 ERP- ?
2.5
4 ERP- ? 5 - ? 6 ? 7 , ? 8 , ? 9 ? 10 e-mail ? 11 ? 12 ?
2.6 ERP: 1 , , ? 2 ? 3 , ? 4 , , ? 5 -? 6 , ? 7 ?
87
2.6
8 ? 9 , ?
2 . 7 ERP: 1 ? ? 2 , ? 3 ? 4 , , , ?
2.7
5 , ? 6 , ? 7 , , ? 8 , ? 9 ? 10 , , ? 11 ,
2.7
? _ 12 ? 13 , , , ? 14 , , , , .? 15 ? 16 , ?
2.8 ERP:
1 , ? 2 , ? 3 ? 4 ? 5 , , , , , ? 6 , . .? 7 ?
2.8
8 , ? 9 ?
ERP ERP-, . ERP-. . : : 2.9. :
-
92
: : , : :
2 . 9 ERP-:
1 ? ? 2 ?
93
2.9
3 ? 4 , ? 5 ? 6 ( , , , ..), ( . .)? 7 ? 8 , ? 9 , ?
2.9 10 ? 11 ? 12 ? 13 , ? 14 ? 15 ? 16 ?
ERP- , ERP-.
ERP- ERP- , -. , 2.2.
, , . , ERP- , .
/ , -; , . E R P , , . , , , , , ERP.
. , , , , . , , . , , , ERP- ( ) . 10 SAP, , , , , , SAP. : * , * , " ,
, .
. , . , , . , , , , , , - . . . , , , , .
ERP-, : . , - , , . , -, 2.1.
ERP E R P , . , , , SAP, .
- , , .
, -. : - , (. ). , , , . , , . . - 4.
, , G U I , , ERP, , . , : () .
-: : , . : , . -. : , . . : , . : , , , ; , .
. 2 . 1 . -. . 2.1 -. GUI SAP 4. SAP . , , GUI- .
; , , . ERP- , . . , ERP- ERP- . E R P , , , SCM, CRM, (Product Development Management, PDM),
(Automatic Data Recording, ADR), - , EDI, . . , .
- , ERP- , . ERP- - . ERP-, SAP, , , (, ); , -.
ERP ERP- , , , .
, ERP- , , . , , , , , (. SAP 11).
, . IT-, . , , , ( ), .
100
E R P , .
ERP- , . , , ERP-, . , ERP- , . ERP- , , , , , , , .
SAP : , SAP SAP 2 5 SAP: 25% 15% 15% 7% 3% : 5% , 10% 20%
ERP ERP- , .
, ERP . ERP- , , . , , . : , .
. , , , .
ERP- , . , , .
ERP, ERP- , . , ERP- (big-bang strategy), . . : (Finance and Costing), (Materials Management), (Sales and Distribution), (Production
Planning), (Assets Management), (Quality Management), (Plant Maintenance), (Service Management), (Warehouse M a n a g e m e n t ) . ERP- , , , ERP-. , , , . , , , . . , , , , . . ERP- . ERP- . . , , ! , , ERP- , , .
ERP-. ERP- , , . ERP, , .
ERP-
3104 104 106
: SAP ERP- , ERP- ERP- 107 109 114
SAP , (ERP) , . 200 1 . , . , ERP-. , , , . , , , . E R P , , : . ERP- -.
ERP- ERP- , . , , , . ERP-, , , .
. . 2 ERP-, . . , , . ERP-. ERP- : ERP- ( . ). , . ERP-. ; , , , , , . ERP-, . , . ERP- , 2 ERP. ERP- , , . , . , . ERP- , . ERP- , ERP, , , -, , ERP-. .
, , , . ERP- , . , , , ERP-. ERP- .
, , SAP, , . , , , ERP- , . , . , .
, . , , , . ERP- , , . , , , , (TQM), - (BPR) . .
, , , (SDLC). ERP-, , .
107
, , , . ERP-, . , , , (LAN, WAN). , , , , ; , ERP-.
, , , ; , , , , . .
ERP- E R P - , . , , , ERP- , .
, . , , .
, . : , , , ( ), , , , ( ), , . . . 6 SAP .
. , . ERP- . , ERP-. ERP- : . . , . , , ERP. ERP- 3GL/4GL, ERP-.
ERP, , , - , - , .
3 1 ' I
, . () , . , LAN/WAN, . , . , , -.
ERP- , , , ERP, . , ERP . ERP, , . . , , , . , , , . , . ERP-.
ERP- 3.1 , E R P . ERP- : 1. , , , , , , 2.
2. , . 3. , . 4. , . 5. 10- , . , , , 10. : = 10 = 9 = 8 = 7 = 6 = 5 = 4 3 = 2 = 1 . 6. ERP- , 5- , 5 , 1 . : , , 5 , : = 5 = 4 = 3 = 2 = 1 7. , , (. . 5) : = * 8. ERP-.
3.1
ERP-
SAP R/3
BaaN
PeopleSoft
Oracle
, ,
EDI, - .
3.1, ERP- SAP R/3 BaaN PeopleSoft Oracle
,
ERP-
SAP R/3
BaaN
PeopleSoft
Oracle
,
ERP-. , .
: ERP- , , . S A P R/3 . , S A P R/3 E R P - , . ERP-. ERP- , . 3.1. , , ERP-, , , , , , , . . , . SAP R/3 5 SAP. .
ERP-, . , ERP- . S A P AG R/3, -. S A P R/3, , . 49 , S A P ERP-, , XXI S A P R/3 .
SAP
4116 117 121 134
: SAP SAP SAP R/3 SAP R/3 SAP
136 138
ERP- SAP AG SAP R/3. SAP AG , 1972 . SAP R/3 , . , , SAP R/3, , . SAP R/3, -, /4 , .
SAP SAP . 4 0 % . 1998 8,47 . , 10 , 19 300 . , , , , . SAP , SAP . , SAP, . SAP (. . 4.3), , , , , . , SAP . S A P : R/2 R/3. R/2 , IBM, Siemens . R/3, , -, 1992 . ,
, 3.0 3.1, SAP, . SAP R/3 4.1. SAP SAP R/2 R/3. , , . , , SAP R/3, -.
. 4.1. SAP.
SAP SAP AG : 1972 . IBM Systemanalyse and Programmentwicklung ( ) . . , . , .
118
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SAP . . 1989 . SAP R/3 CeBIT . SAP P H I R E . 1992 . SAP 831 , . R/2 14 , . SAP R/3, UNIX, - . . 1993 . SAP Microsoft (MS) PC- Microsoft, Word, Excel, Project, Access -, SAP. SAP MS R/3 Windows NT. SAP R/3 Windows NT. S A P A m e r i c a . , . SAP Kanji R/3. 1994 . SAP R/3 1000. SAP R/3 ISO 9000. . 2.2 SAP R/3 . 1995 . SAP R/2 2000, R/3 4000. SAP 3.0 R/3, , (Production Planning). SAP R/3 IBM AS/400. SAP ( , , , ). SAP Application Link Enabling (ALE), , . ALE SAP -, , , . SAP , R/3 (Reference Model), - R/3 (Business Navigator), (Procedure Model) (Implementation Guide). SAP . .
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