soylent.txt

8/13/2019 Soylent.txt

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Potassium(3.5g): Potassium is important in neurological functioning, which is one reason it bothers me practically no one gets a full 3.5g / day. Raw Potassiumis extremely reactive, so I use potassium gluconate, C6H11KO7.

Chloride(3.4g): Chloride is a negative ion, formed when Chlorine gets an extra electron. It's used in metabolism and overall pH balance.

Fiber(5g): Fiber is not digested by the body. It helps maintain a healthy digestive system. My digestive system is quite healthy as the only thing that it has to get rid of is the fiber itself.

Calcium(1g): Strong bones and teeth! Also used in muscle operation and the electrical system of the heart. Very important. I consume Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3

Iron(18mg): Iron is used by Hemoglobin in the blood to efficiently transport oxygen. Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies. If youare a vegetarian I recommend taking a supplement. I dissolve iron chellate in fat separately before adding it to the mixture.

Phosphorous(1g): Part of the structural framework for DNA and RNA. I use monosodium phosphate.

Iodine(150ug): Constituent of Thyroid Hormones, which regulate basic metabolic rate through gene transcription.

Magnesium(400mg): Another ion, used by many enzymes to catalyze reactions. Be careful, magnesium overdose is very unpleasant.

Zinc(15mg): Used by enzymes in transcription factors, which control the expression of select genes.

Selenium(70ug): Used in some amino acids and the Thyroid gland. Careful, can betoxic in large doses.

Copper(2mg): Used in electron and oxygen transport.

Manganese(2mg): Similar to selenium, used as a cofactor in many enzymes.

Chromium(120ug): Occurs in trace amounts in many foods. Though no certain biological role has been found, there have been reports of chromium deficiency. Just being safe here, may be fine without it, though.

Molybdenum(75ug): Used in the active site of many enzymes. Interesting fact: a shortage of molybdenum held back eukaryote evolution for 2 billion years. Make sure you get your molybdenum, and continue evolving.

Vitamin A(5000IU): Used by the retina of the eye to produce a metabolite necessary for both low-light and color sensitivity.

Vitamin B6(2mg): Or, pyrodoxil phosphate, is a coenzyme for many reactions and m

acronutrient metabolism.

Vitamin B12(6ug): Key to the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system. Like iron, difficult to obtain from plants so a supplement is suggested for vegetarians.

Vitamin C(60mg): Or, ascorbate, is a reducing agent in many enzymatic and some non-enzymatic reactions. Don't want to get scurvy.

Vitamin D(400IU): Needed for the internal absorption of calcium and phosphate. C



an be synthesized by the body from cholesterol given enough sunlight, but is essential in most people.

Vitamin E(30IU): Several functions including antioxidation, gene expression, and neurological function.

Vitamin K(80ug): Post-translational modification. Once a protein is transcribed, it folds (which is a very important problem we don't understand well) and modified by factors such as Vitamin K which affect its final utility.

Thiamin(1.5mg): Used in thyamine pyrophosphate, a coenyzme in the catabolism ofsugars.

Riboflavin(1.7mg): Required by a class of proteins called 'flavoproteins'. It'sused in the cofactors (non-protein substances that bind to proteins) FAD and FMN.

Niacin(20mg): Niacin binds to and stimulates a certain membrane receptor, GPR109A, which inhibits fat breakdown in adipose (stored fat) tissue. This decreases the amount of free fatty acids in your blood.

Folate(400ug): Folate itself is not used by the body, but its derivative tetrahydrofolate, and a few others, are used in DNA synthesis and repair.

Biotin(300ug): Another coenzyme, used in the synthesis of a few macronutrients.

Panthothenic Acid(10mg): Used to synthesize coenyzme-A (which itself is used inthe synthesis and oxidization of fatty acids), as well as metabolism.

Extras not considered essential:

Lycopene(500ug): Essential in some plants for photosynthesis, it is abundant inred plants like tomatoes and carrots. Lycopene is an effective antioxidant and there is preliminary evidence it has an effect on cardiovascular health, diabetes, cancer, and others. Also, not very scientifc, but the males in my family havealways loved tomatoes. I wonder if this is because lycopene has an unusually positive effect given our genetics. The only other nutrients in tomatoes are Vitami

n A and C, which I get plenty of.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids(750mg): Humans cannot synthesize these fatty acids, and though links with cancer have been largely debunked, there is limited evidence consumption of these substances improve cardiovascular health and inhibit cognitive aging.

Ginseng(50ug): Used in old folk remedies, limited evidence suggest a link with sexual health and lower fatigue.

Gingko Biloba(100ug): Consumed since antiquity in China and Japan, has limited evidence of positive effect on working memory and focus.

Lutein(500ug): A rather small study found that Lutein improves visual function and can inhibit macular degeneration. There is stronger evidence Lutein is linked to the pigmentation of the eye.

Alpha Carotene(140ug): A single study linked this with lower risk of mortality from heart disease and cancer. Couldn't hurt.

Vanadium(100ug): Limited evidence has a beneficial affect on glucose control.

The body is a complex machine. There are a lot of substances and chemicals requi



red for it's optimal operation. However, it is also extremely robust. Many people aren't getting the recommended amount of any of these substances, but the body is able to compensate via complex regulatory systems. This hurts in the long run, though. In fact, turning food in to energy is the primary process that ages the body. By giving it only what it needs, and nothing it doesn't, I am optimistic about the long term effects. The short term effects are already clear.

If you want to make Soylent for yourself, be very careful. We're not making piehere. It's a lot easier to overdose or underdose with the raw elemental form than it is with food. It took me a while to arrange sources for all of these substances, as well. You can get many micronutrients from a simple multivitamin, but their contents vary widely. For others such as K, P, Ca, Mg, check your local lab supply store or university. I actually got a lot of mileage out of brewing stores as well.

I am reticent to provide exact brand names and instructions because I am not fully convinced of the diet's safety for a physiology different than mine. What ifI missed something that's essential for someone of a different race or age group? Also, the cost is low but some of the ingredients are hard to find and/or must be purchased in bulk which can be an investment, and some of my suppliers are quite small and would have their stock depleted if many people rushed to purchase the exact same item I did. I think it makes more sense to test this more thoroughly, and then produce it at scale.

SoI'll just ship you some of my batch. If you are willing to consume exclusivelysoylent, and get a CBC, chem panel, and lipid blood test before and after the week and share your results with me it's on the house. Bonus points for getting apsych evaluation before and after. The brain is an organ. I can ship it worldwide but it would be nice if you were in San Francisco so we can meet in person.

Sign up at soylent.me. Volunteer form here: https://soylent.wufoo.com/forms/soylent-trial-1/Published: February 14, 2013Filed Under: Non-Technical

Look common sense is a misused term since its not so common. But being a commoner here goesInstructions: each ingredient has a G, MG or UG right next to it. Forexample Fiber (5g) so that means you need 5g of fiber. Now if you're the intellectual type you can use online conversion calculators to convert grams to teaspoons. This is also a drink so you need water! Doesn't say how much but I would use enough to cover three daily meals. And if you still need it: all these ingredients are one batch for three meals so split accordingly.

I was curious about the NaCl too, so I looked up the weight ratio of the molecule itself. An NaCl molecule weighs approx. 58.43 amu (Na = 22.98 amu, Cl = 35.45amu). The mass ratio is about 60%-40%, which is about the same as the ratio between the Na and the Cl amouts he reccomends (2.4g Na + 3.4g Cl = approx. 5.8g NaCl, or salt). I'd guess he probably just adds 6-ish grams of salt to his mix



Chlorine weighs more than Sodium! Sodium has a molecular weight of 22.98 and Chlorine 35.45.

3.4*(22.98/35.45) = 2.2

So his math is off a bit.

But I think he takes 2.4g of table salt a day (reccomended is 2g on most nutririon facts) and that gives him both Sodium and Chlorine that he needs

soylent.txt

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