unit 2 growing pains grammar and usage. 成分所指关系词 主语指人 指物 宾语指人...
TRANSCRIPT
Unit 2 Growing pains
Grammar and usage
成分 所指 关系词
主语 指人
指物
宾语 指人
指物
定语 指人
指物
that/who
that/which
(that/who/whom)(that/which)
whose/of whom
whose/of which
• A “Model Worker( 劳动模范 )" should be hard-working and brave. He should also be a person ________ is able to stand hardship. Xiao Shenyang is just a person making people laugh. He should not be considered a "Model Worker."
who/that
Do you think XiaoShengyang should be considered a “Model Worker”?
• The People‘s Republic of China( 中华人民共和国 ), _____was founded in 1949, celebrates the 60th anniversary of its founding on October 1st, 2009.
which
• In real life, Beyoncé has been working hard to prove herself. After a huge success with the girl group Destiny's Child, she had her first album Dangerously In Love _______earned her five Grammy Awards in 2004.
that
1.The most important thing____ we should pay attention to is the first thing ____ I have said.
2.This is the very dictionary _____ I am looking for.
3. There is nothing ______ can prevent him from doing that.
4. Those ______ break the rule will be punished.
thatthat
that
Fill in the blanks with the proper relative words
that
who
• 5. Don’t get too close to the house _______ roof( 屋顶 ) is under repair.
• 6. I am looking for a box in _____ I can put all my things.
• 7.He is the (only) one of the students who ______ passed the exam.
• 8. I don’t like the way ____________ you talk to your mother.
whose
(that/in which)
has
which
the one (that/which)
which
9. The song is _________________I like best.
10. Do you like the song __________ we listened to before class?
(that/which)
11. Do you like the song to ______ we listened before class?
The man to who/whom you spoke is our headmaster.
The city in that/which she lives is far away.
Are these two sentences right?
注意 : 介词 +which （指物 ), 不可省介词 +whom （指人 ), 不可省介词后不用 who 、 that
to
inThe city which she lives _____is far away.
The man whom you spoke _____ is our headmaster.
A. The farm ____which we worked ten years ago is beautiful.
B. This is the tree ______which we used to play games.
on
under
• preposition+which （指物） preposition+whom ( 指人）
How to choose the right prepositions
1. 介词的确定方法
•The money _______ which you were to buy dog food is gone.
•He will never forget the day ____ which he failed in the exam.
① 根据先行词来确定
on
with
• We thought you were a person _______ whom we could expect good decisions.
• The West Lake, ____ which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.
② 根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定
for
from
Air, ________ which man can’t live, is really important.
③ 根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定
without
The pen _____which he is writing now was bought yesterday.
with
• 2. 介词的位置• ① 一般情况下，介词一般放在关系代词 which 和
whom 之前，也可放在动词后。
• This is the man ________________ I learned the news from.
This is the man ____________ I learned the news.
from whom
(who/whom/that)
• This is the room ____________ we lived in last year.
(that/which)
in whichThis is the room_________ we lived last year.
Is this the watch that you are looking for?
The old man whom I am looking after is better .
在固定短语中介词不能提前
下面两句中的介词能提前吗 ?
• ② 固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前 .
• 常见的这类动词短语有 :
• look for/after/forward to,
• care for( 照顾，喜欢）• hear of/about/from, take care of 等 .
• This is the right place I’m looking for.• The girl whom he is looking after is his
sister.
1. Do you like the book ________she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book ________she paid $10?3. Do you like the book ________ she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book _________ she often talks?
on which
for which
from which
about which
介词 + 关系代词的使用
• 5. The man _________ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at writing.
• 6. Glasses, ___________ I can’t see clearly, are really important for me.
• 7. China is a beautiful country, _______ we are proud.
• 8. Do you remember the day _______ you joined our club?
to whom
without which
of which
on which
This is the teacher whose daughter is a famous doctor.
=This is the teacher_________________ is a famous doctor.
1. 名词 + 介词 + 关系代词
the daughter of whom
• Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase （花瓶） , _______ was very reasonable （合理的） .
• A. which price
• B. the price of which
• C. its price
• D. the price of whose
• We have three foreign teachers, ___________are from Canada. ( 其中的两个）
•2. 数词 + 介词 + 关系代词 ( 含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数）
two of whom
• The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _______ are sold abroad.
• A. of which
• B. which of
• C. of them
• D. of that
3. 代词 + 介词 + 关系代词（代词有 all, both, none, neither, either, some, any 等）
The old woman has two sons, __________ are teachers. （两个都是）both of whom
• Last week, two persons came to see the house, ___________wanted to buy it.
• A. both of they
• B. neither of whom
• C. both of them
• D. all of whom
4. 形容词最高级 + 介词 + 关系代词China has thousands of islands, _______________ is Taiwan Island.（其中最大的）the largest of which
• There are two buildings, ________ stands nearly a hundred feet high.
• A. the larger
• B. the larger of them
• C. the larger one that
• D. the larger of which
5. 介词 + 关系代词 + 名词He spent four years in college, _____________ he studied medicine. （在那段时间内）during which time
• In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., _______ time many people have gone home.
• A. whose
• B. that
• C. on which
• D. by which
When did you come here?
When did you come here?
When did you come here?
When did you come here?
We came here on Oct.12 , 2005.
It was the day _____________ we were sent into the space.when (on which)
Where do you work and live??
Where do you work and live??
Where do you work and live??
Where do you work and live??
hi
space capsule
We work and live in a space capsule( 太空舱 ).
It is a place ______________ an astronaut works and lives.
where(in which)
What are you doing now?
I’m having my blood pressure( 血压 ) taken.I’m taking pictures.
Can you tell me the reason______________ you are taking pictures?
why /for which
We celebrate the 60th anniversary ( 周年纪念日 ) of the founding of the PRC on October 1st, 2009.
I will never forget the day ______________ we celebrate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PRC.
when/on which
Hong Kong returned to China on July 1st, 1997.The day ________________ Hong Kong returned to China will never be forgotten.
when (on which)
I often go shopping
in Times Supermarket.
Times supermarket is the place ________________I often go shopping.where (in which)
Can you tell me the reason ____________ you are so late?why/for which
• Whether to use a relative pronoun or a relative adverb?
要确定使用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词 :
(1) 及物动词后面无宾语 ,用关系代词 .常见的及物动词有 visit, spend, expect, explain, etc, ；
(2) 不及物动词后无介词时 ,用关系副词 .常见的不及物动词有 work, live, come, go,etc.
This is the factory _____________ I worked before.
This is the factory __________ I visited before.
This is the factory __________ I worked in.
This is the factory in __________I worked.
where/in which
(which/that)
(which/that)
which
• I will never forget the days ______________ we worked together.
• I will never forget the days _________ we spent together.
• I will never forget the days during ______we worked together.
when/during which
(that/which)
which
• This is the reason ____________ I was late.
• The reason __________ he gave us was reasonable( 合理的 ).
why/for which
(that/which)
所指 先行词 引导词
时间 the time/day/week/moment/
period/occasion
when
=at/in/on/during which
地点 the place/room/situation
/case/point/activity
where
=in/at/on which
原因 the reason why
=for which
Complete the following sentences using which/that, why,where , when or preposition+which(whom).
1. Hangzhou is the place ______________ I went last summer.
2. He read the book __________ his sister had told him about.
3. The reason _____________ Peter is so happy is that he passed the exam.
where/to which
which/that
why/for which
4. I remember the day _____________ my father died. I was only ten years old at that time.
5. Please give me the reason ____________ you were late this time.
6. I will go back to the place ______________ I grew up and live there forever.
when/on which
why/for which
where/in/at which
1.China is a beautiful country, ____ _____ we are proud.
2.Do you remember the day ___ ______ you joined our club?
3.This is the house ____ _______ I lived two years ago.
4.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ _____ she could turn for help.
5.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ _____ she could ask for help.
of
on which
in which
to whom
from whom
which
III. Fill in the blanks with “preposition+which/whom”:
6.In his room, we saw a big table ___ ______ there were 3 magazines.
7.Glasses, _______ _________I can’t see clearly, are really important for me.
8.This is the man _____ _____ I learned the news.
9. The pen ___ _______ I write every day is broken.
10.The man ___ ___________ I bought the picture is over 80.
11.Can you give me some paper ___ ______ I can write a note?
on
without which
from whom
with which
for /from whom
on
which
which
12.I think the way ____ _______ some of you learn English is not correct.
13. Family fights are the things ____ __________ I feel upset.
14.Do you know the woman ____________our teacher is talking?
15. This is the desk _________ Lu Xun used to sit studying.
in which
about which
with/ about whom
at which