UNIT 5

Process (العملية)1 Function and Ability

( والقدرة (العمل

Parts of a car and their functions

• Windscreen wiper ( cleans the windscreen)• Battery ( stores electricity)• Steering wheel (steers the car)• Brake ( stops the car)• Gearbox (controls the car speed)• Engine (provides the power)• Dynamo (generates electricity)• Radiator (stores the cooling liquid)

First ask and answer the question.

Examples: • What does the windscreen wiper do?• It cleans the windscreen.• What does a battery do?• It stores electricity.

Now ask and answer the question in other way

Examples:• What is the windscreen used for?• It is used for cleaning the windscreen.• What is a battery used for?• It is used for storing electricity.

Now write sentences like the following.

• The windscreen serves to clean the windscreen.

• The battery serves to store electricity.

Apparatus for distilling alcohol

Apparatus for distilling alcohol

The function of

1. the thermometer2. the stopper3. the Bunsen burner4. the tube at the top of the condenser5. the cool water6. the tube at the bottom of the condenser7. the beaker8. the tripod

is to

4. conduct the cool water in. 3. heat the liquid. 7. collect the condensed alcohol. 1. measure the temperature of the solution. 6. conduct the cool water away. 8. support the apparatus. 5. cool the vaporised alcohol 2. hold the thermometer.

Provide (2زو0د 8جري) Conduct (ُي 2سيطر2 على) Control (ُيرشد,ُي (ُي

The water-supply (ماء تجهيز )provides water. The water-pipe ( conducts water from the (اإلنبوُب2

water supply to the tap. The tap (2الحنفية) controls the supply of water.Now Complete these.a) The electricity supply provides electricity.b) The bulb supplies light.c) The wire conducts electricity fro electric supply to the light.d) The switch controls the supply of electricity.e) The gas-supply provides gas.f) The burner supplies heat.g) The rubber pipe conducts gas from the gas-tap to the burner.h) The gas-tap controls the supply of gas.

Section 2 Instruments (اآلالت)ClockThermometerBarometerTelescopeMicroscopeBalanceSinkStandFunnelTest-tubeBurnerCupboard

Section 2Complete these sentences by adding the names of objects

a) A thermometer is an instrument for measuring temperature.

b) A telescope is a device for looking at distant objects.

c) A sink is a place for washing things.

d) A burner is a device for supplying heat.

e) A balance is an instrument for weighing things.

f) A test-tube is a device for holding chemicals during experiments.

g) A cupboard is a place for storing things.

h) A microscope is an instrument for looking at very small things.

i) A funnel is a device fir pouring liquids.

j) A barometer is an instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure.

k) A tap is a device for controlling the supply of water.

l) A stand is a device for supporting things during experiments.

Controls for driving a car( Uلدافعة سيطرة(سيارة

• The door handle• The steering wheel• The seat adjustor• The gear leaver• The accelerator pedal• The clutch pedal• The oil pressure gauge• The water temperature

gauge• The speedometer• The starter switch

• الباُب8 مقبض• القيادة دوالُب

• adjustor المقعد• العظيم التارك• البنزُين دو0اسة• الفاصل8 دواسة

• النفَط8 Uضغَط مقياس• حرارة Uدرجة مقياس

الماء8• السرعة عد0اد• المبدَئ8 مفتاح

Controls for driving a car1. The door handle2. The steering wheel3. The seat adjustor4. The gear lever5. The accelerator pedal6. The clutch pedal7. The brake pedal8. The oil pressure gauge9. The water temperature gauge10. The speedometer11. The starter switch

enables the driver toُي�مّك�ُن� )

السائُق� (إلى

8. check the temperature.7. stop the car.2. steer the car.8. check the oil pressure.6. change gear.11. start the engine.10. check the speed.1. 1 get in and out.5. control the speed.3. adjust the seat.4. operate the gear lever.

Section 3 Ability and Capacity (القدرة)

Living things Inanimate objects Action which they can do / cannot do

Can

an elephant a bat a fish a plant a cell a bird a human being a snake an amoeba

a bottle a rock a plane a car a ball a cloud an atom

speak think bite ( (ُي�ْع�ُّض� see hear feel ( ْعُر� (ُي�ْش� swim move walk eat divide ( ُم� (ُي�قس� grow (ُي�ْن�مو) fly lift things ( األشياَء� فَع� (ُي�ُر� change shape ( شّكًال (ُي�غي�ُر� reproduce ( إنتاج (ُي�ْعيُد� sleep upside down ( على رأسا نُم�(عقب

breathe( ُس� (ُي�تْنّف� contains things

Make true sentences from this table

• All animals can reproduce.• Some animals can speak.• No inanimate object can speak. etc

All

Some

No

animals living things inanimate objects human beings cells plants

can swim fly divide reproduce change shape speak

Look at the examples.

Plants can grow = plants are able to grow. plants have the ability to grow. plants have the capacity to grow. plants are capable of growing.

Write full sentences in answer to these questions.

• What living things are capable of flying? Birds• What animals have the capacity to sleep upside down?

The bat.• What living things can swim? Fish• What inanimate objects have the capacity to fly? Plane.• What living things are capable of feeling? Animals• What living things have the ability to think? Human beings• What inanimate objects are capable of changing shape?

Flexible objects.• What living things are able to reproduce? All• What living things cannot walk? Plants and some animals.• What inanimate objects are capable of moving? A car

Section 4

Function in human bodyEars ( for hearing)Brain (controls the nervous system)Eyes (for seeing)Nose (for smelling)Mouth (for eating & speaking)Arteries (conduct blood away from the heart)

Veins (conduct blood back to the heart)Lungs (for breathing – oxygenate the blood)Heart (pumps the blood round the body)Liver (stores glycogen)Stomach (digests protein)Legs (support the body)Nerves (conduct impulses from the brain)

Complete these sentences:a) Our eyes help us to see.b) With the help of our mouths we are able to speak and eat.c) Our ears are organs for hearing .d) With the help of our noses we can smell things.e) Our lungs enable us to breathe.f) The lugs serve to oxygenate the blood.g) The function of the heart is to circulate the blood.h) The heart acts as a pump for the blood.i) The stomach is used for digesting protein.j) The liver is a place for glycogen.k) The legs act as a support for the body.l) The function of the nerves is to conduct impulses from the brain.m) The function of the brain is to control the nervous system.n) The veins conduct blood back to the heart.o) The arteries serve to conduct the blood away from the heart.

Section 5 Reading

Read the text which of the titles is most suitable and why:

The structure of systems in the human body. The location of systems in the human body. The function of systems in the human body. The properties of systems in the human body.

The human body is made up of…

The human body is made up of a number of different systems. Each system has a separate function, but some work together. One system is the skeleton, which serves to support the body and protect the internal organs. The respiratory system enables us to breathe and take oxygen into the blood, which moves around the body by means of the circulatory system. The digestive system enables us to take in food needed for growth. Waste matter is ejected from the body by means of the urinary system.

Circle the names of systems and under line their functions.

The endocrine system consists of…. The endocrine system consists of various glands,

such as the thyroid, sex and adrenal glands. The function of these glands is to secrete chemicals, known as hormones, into the blood. These hormones control various processes in the body, such as growth, sexual activities and digestion. The nervous system controls the other systems and enables human beings to think.

What does the endocrine system consist of? What is the function of glands? (الغد0د) What do the hormones control? ( عليه 2سيطر2 (ُي Which system controls other systems?

Each system is made up of organs………• Each system is made up of organs. The lungs,

for example, are part of respiratory system. The heart is an organ in the circulatory system. The liver functions as part of the digestive system and other systems.

Underline the names of systems and circle the related parts. ( ذات األجزاء pوأحَط Uاألنظمة أسماء8 p0د 8ّك أ (.االلعالقة8

Every organ……..

• Every organ (العضو) is composed of ( متكو0ن .(ألنسجة) several kinds of tissues (منEpithelial tissue, which includes the skin, forms a covering over organs. Connective tissue supports and holds together the parts of the body and includes bone and cartilage. Other types of tissues include nerve tissue and bold tissue.

• Underline the names of tissues.

All tissue consists of cells.• All tissue consists of cells.

These are so small that they are measured in thousandths of a millimeter and can only be seen with a microscope. Each cell is covered with a thin membrane which surrounds a nucleus, and a jelly-like substance, called cytoplasm. This in turn contains minute particles, each with its own special functions.

Describe the following with the help of the words in brackets

a) An organ……………………..(structure) An organ is composed of several kinds of tissues.

b) Epithelial tissue…………..(function) Epithelial tissue forms a covering over organs.

c) Connective tissue……….(function) Connective tissue supports and holds parts of body together.

d) Tissue………………… ……..(structure) All tissue consists of cells.

e) Cells…………………………..(measurement) Cells are measured in thousandths of millimeter.

f) A cell ……………………..….(structure) A cell consists of a nucleus and cytoplasm.

g) Cytoplasm……………...…(property) Cytoplasm is a jelly like substance.