vanetfinal
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VANET: Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET)
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VANET stands for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network
It is a technology that uses moving cars asnodes in a network to create a mobile network.
VANETs are a subset of MANET
Turns every participating car into a wirelessrouter or node, allowing cars approximately
100 to 300 metres of each other to connect and,in turn, create a network with a wide range
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Ad-Hoc Network: is a wireless technology where all nodes are one
level topology and can communicate directly with each other
without the use of centralized nodes
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The high mobility of nodes
For a faster rate of deployment
To offer the service at no charge
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Mobile devices communicate in peer-to-peerfashion
Self-organizing network without the need offixed network infrastructure
Multi-hop communication
Decentralized,mobility-adaptive operation
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What are in a vehicular network Vehicles (on-board unit) Road side unit/equipment
Communication protocols
Vehicle to vehicleVehicle to road side
Vehicle to handheld device
Network infrastructure
GPS (optional)
Back-end system
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Personal area networking cell phone, laptop, ear phone, wrist watch
Military environments soldiers, tanks, planes
Civilian environmentsMesh networks taxi cab networkmeeting rooms sports stadiums
boats, small aircraftEmergency operations
search-and-rescuepolicing and fire fighting
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The distribution of nodes changes rapidly and
unexpectedly
The wireless links initialize and break down
frequently and unpredictably.
The OBUs are forced to organize the network
distributively
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Requirements:
Reliability
Minimum latency
Minimum collisions High dissemination speed
Problems:
No feedback
No prior control messaging Hidden node problem
Different traffic volumes
Different environments (Urban or rural)
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Co-operative Collision Warning Lane Change Warning Intersection Collision Warning
Approaching Emergency vehicle Rollover Warning Work Zone Warning
Coupling/Decoupling Inter-Vehicle Communications Electronic Toll Collection
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Public Safety Co-operative Collision warning [V-V]
Intersection CollisionWarning
Approaching Emergency Vehicle
Work ZoneWarning [R-V]
Non-Public Safety
Electronic Toll Collection
Data Transfer
Parking Lot Payment
Traffic Information
The main categorized applications of VANETs are
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Vehicles detect congestion when: # Vehicles > Threshold 1
Speed < Threshold 2
Relay congestion information Hop-by-hop message forwarding
Other vehicles can choose alternate routes
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Prevent pile-ups when a vehicle deceleratesrapidly
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Safety concerns
Traffic conditions
Driving comfort
Economical reasons
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DSRC: Dedicated Short Range Communications
In the USA (IEEE):WAVE, Wireless Access in Vehicular
Environments
In Europe (CEN): General Specifications for Medium-Range Pre-
Information Via Dedicated Short-Range Communication
In Japan (ARIB): Dedicated Short-Range Communication System
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restricted mobility (highways and roads)
fast topology changes (network nodes move athigh speeds)
no power and storage limitations
nodes are aware of their position (via GPS)
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Advantages:
restricted mobility (highways and roads)
no power and storage limitations
nodes are aware of their position (via GPS)
Disadvantages:
fast topology changes (network nodes move at
high speeds) less reliable and suboptimal
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Highly dynamic topology
Frequently disconnected network (Intermittentconnectivity)
Patterned Mobility
Propagation Model
Unlimited Battery Power and Storage
On-board Sensors
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Uses DSRC as a protocol
Range of 300m to 1km
10MHZ wide channel
Automotive sensors:
1. Autonomous sensors
2. Co-operative sensors
Roadside base station provides information todriver using the network
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Security
Electronic license plates
Vehicular public key infrastructure
Dealing with bogus messages with trafficinformation.
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Formed by wireless hosts which may be mobile
Without (necessarily) using a pre-existing
infrastructure
Routes between nodes may potentially containmultiple hops
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A European Information Society for growthand employment
The European Commission's strategic policy
framework laying out broad policy guidelinesforth information society and the media in theyears up to 2010
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Night vision
Advanced cruise control
Use radar to maintain safe
distance
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CyberCars
Driver-less
Run at low speed (30km/hr)
Can avoid obstaclesPark automatically
With a fee, users would have accessright
CyberCars2Follow-up project
Focus on V-to-V and V-toinfrastructure communication
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CarTalk project
Focus on vehicle-to vehiclecommunication
Information is transmitted fromone car to another car
Vehicles nearby form an ad-hoc
network
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Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) Started in IEEE 1609, spun into 802.11p
Aka (WAVE) Wireless Access for Vehicular Environment
Goal Telematics (collision avoidance a big driver)
Roadside-to-vehicle
Vehicle-to-vehicle environments 54 Mbps,
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802.11p part of several standards which willjointly enable widescale telematics
Intelligent Transportation Systems
doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2045r0
S. Biswas, R. Tatchikou, F. Dion,Vehicle-to-vehicle wirelesscommunication protocols forenhancing highway traffic safety,
IEEE Comm Mag, Jan 06, pp. 74-82.
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Applications Emergency warning system for vehicles Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Cooperative Forward CollisionWarning
Intersection collision avoidance Approaching emergency vehicle warning (BlueWaves) Vehicle safety inspection Transit or emergency vehicle signal priority Electronic parking payments Commercial vehicle clearance and safety inspections
In-vehicle signing Rollover warning Probe data collection Highway-rail intersection warning
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IMMINENTFRONT
COLLISION
Note 1: The OBU in the vehicle recognizing the threattransmits a WARNING andCOLLISION PREPARATIONMESSAGEwith the location address of the threat vehicle.
In-Vehicle
Displays and
Annunciations
Traffic Signal
Traffic Signal
OBUs on Control Ch
IMMINENTLEFT
COLLISION
Radar Threat Identification
Note 2: Only the OBU in the threatening vehicle processesthe message because only it matches the threat address.
Note 3: COLLISION PREPARATION includes seat belttightening, side air bag deployment, side bumperexpansion, etc.
Car NOT Stopping
From: IEEE 802.11- 04/ 0121r0Available: http://www.npstc.org/meetings/Cash%20WAVE%20Information%20for%205.9%20GHz%20061404.pdf
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akaWiMax
Wireless Metro Internet
Fast last mile access to network
Target Applications
Data
Voice
VideoReal time videoconferencing
Fast cable/fiber to end user is expensive
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The bandwidth and range ofWiMAX make itsuitable for the following potential applications:
Providing portable mobile broadband
connectivity across cities and countries through avariety of devices.
Providing a wireless alternative to cableand digital subscriber line(DSL) for "last mile"broadband access.
Providing data, telecommunications (VoIP)and IPTV services (triple play).
Providing a source of Internet connectivity aspart of a business continuity plan. Comparison
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Comparisons and confusion betweenWiMAX andWi-Fi are frequent because both are related to wirelessconnectivity and Internet access.
WiMAX is a long range system, covering many
kilometres, that uses licensed or unlicensed spectrumto deliver connection to a network, in most cases theInternet.
Wi-Fi uses unlicensed spectrum to provide access to alocal network.
Wi-Fi is more popular in end user devices.
Wi-Fi runs on the Media Access Control's CSMA/CAprotocol, which is connectionless and contention based,whereasWiMAX runs a connection-oriented MAC.
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Both 802.11(which includesWi-Fi)and 802.16 (which includesWiMAX)define Peer-to-Peer (P2P) and ad hoc networks,
where an end user communicates to users orservers on another Local Area Network(LAN) using its access point or base station.However, 802.11 supports also direct ad hoc orpeer to peer networking between end user
devices without an access point while 802.16end user devices must be in range of the basestation.
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Better spectral efficiency than 3G
Consider multiple antennas right from the start
Higher peak data rate
Higher average throughput
Support more symmetric links
Lower cost
IP architecture from bottom up
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