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٢ J٤ J٣ J١אאResistive Load אF٢ J١٠Eאא،א
אא‘Vs‘ ’R‘.אא٤אK
אF٢ J١٠Eאא 'R'K
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٣٧ -
• אאW אאאF٢ J١٠Eאאא
F٢ J١١KEאT1אT4א’α‘אאאא’0 ≤ ωt ≤ π‘אא
אאT1,T4אאאא
אאאאאאאאvsאT1אא’R‘אT4א’Vo‘אאא
א’R‘אFאאEאאK אאאאאאT2,T3
אאאאא+ παאאאאאאאאא T2אא’R‘ אT3
אאאאT4,T1אאT2,T3 180oאאאאאאאאאT1אT4 אT2
אT3 אא’vAK‘אאאאא’is‘
אאא’io‘אאאאאKאπא
אאאK
• אאאW אאאאאאF٢ J١٠Eא
אאאאKאאאאאW
)cos1.()(
απ
+= VV mavgo
F٢ J١٤E
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٣٨ -
אאאאאW
)cos1.()()( α
π+==
RRVVI mavgo
avgo F٢ J١٥E
WVm Vsאאאאאא
אF٢ J١١Eאאאא
'R'K
• אאאW אאאאאאאא
F٢ J١٠EW
)2
2sin1(.2)( π
απα
+−= VV mrmso F٢ J١٦E
אאאאאאW
)2
2sin1(.2)( π
απα
+−= II mrmso F٢ J١٧E
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٣٩ -
٢ J٣W א
150אV60 Hzאא’R‘10 Ω Kאאא30o،W
J אאא‘Vo(avg)’K J אאא‘Io(avg)’K J אא’Im‘K J אאא'Io(rms)'K J אאא'PL'K J אא'PF'K
אW J אאאאW
)cos1.()( απ
+= VV mavgo
126)30cos1.(2150)(
=+=∴ oavgoV π
V
J אאאW
6.1210
126)()( ===
RVI avgo
avgo A
J אאאW
2.2110
2150===
RVI m
m A
J אאאW
77.14260sin
180.301.
22.21)
22sin1(.
2)( =+−=+−=π
πππ
απα o
mrmso
II A
J אאאW 218210.77.14 22 === RIP ormsL W
J אאאאא ’Io(rms)‘ אאא’Is‘
VI
IVI
s
orms
ormss
orms RRPF ==
2
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٤٠ -
98.0150
)10.(77.14==∴ PF Lag.
٢ J٤ J٣ J٢אא’R-L‘ אF٢ J١٢Eאאאא
(R-L) K
אF٢ J١٢Eאא 'R-L'K
• אאW אאאT1,T4
אאאא ωt = αאאT2,T3אאאאא ωt = α + πאF٢ J١٣Eאאאאאא
KאאαאT1,T4אאאאאא ’vs‘אT1 אאאT4אאאאא ωt = π
אא אאאאאRאאאvo
אvsאאאאא אא’β‘אT1, T4א
אא’vo‘אא π < ωt <βאאאאאא’L‘א
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٤١ -
אKאF٢ J١٣EאT2, T3אאωt = π + αאאא
אאאאאא ’Vs‘אT2אאא
T3אאאאאωt = π + βאאא
אאא’ωL‘אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאK
F٢ J١٣E،F٢ J١٤EאאאאKאF٢ J١٣Eאא
180oאאא’is‘360oאF٢ J١٤Eאא’β‘
π + αאאאאאאאאא
K
אF٢ J١٣Eאאאא
'R-L'K
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٤٢ -
אF٢ J١٤Eאאאא
אK
• אאאW אאאאאאאא
F٢ J١٢EאאW
)cos.(cos)(
βαπ
−= VV mavgo
F٢ J١٨E
אאאI avgo )(Vo(avg)/R אאאאאאאא
F٢ J١٢EאאאאFאאאEאאW
απ
cos.2)( VV mavgo = F٢ J١٩E
אאאI avgo )(Vo(avg)/R אאאאאאא
אF٢ J١٢EאאאFאאאEW
)cos.(cos)( βαπ
−=R
VI mavgo F٢ J٢٠E
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٤٣ -
אאאאאאאאF٢ J١٢EאאאFאאאEW
απ
cos.2)( VI mavgo R= F٢ J٢١E
אF٢ J٣٤Eאאאאא 0 90oאא
(rectifier)אא 90o 180oאאK
٢ J١٣W
א א120V 60 HzאאאאωL >> R’‘א.10 Ω אאא30o،W
J אאא’Vo(avg)’K J אאא'Io(avg)’K J אאא’Im‘K J אאא'Io(rms)'K J אאא’IoTh‘K J אאא'PL'K J אא’PF‘K
אW J אאאאא’Vm‘
17021202 ===VV sm V
J אאאFאE 9430cos.170.2cos.2
)(=== o
mavgo VV πα
π V
J אאא
6.91094)(
)( ===R
VI avgoavgo A
J אאאאאא
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٤٤ -
אW 4.9)( == II avgom A
J אאאאאאW 4.9)( == II avgoorms A
J ’180o‘אאאאא
7.424.9
21
)( === II avgooTh A
J אאא 3.88310.4.9 22 === RIP ormsL W
J אאאאאאאאאW
78.012094
2
====V
IIV
Is
orms
ormss
orms RRPF Lag.
٢ J٥אאאא
אאאאאא0.6366 Vmאאא
אאאאKאאאWאאKאאאא
אK
٢ J٥ J١אאאW אF٢ J١٥Eאא،אאאאאאKאאאאאאא
אKאאDaאπ/65π/6אaאא،אאDbאb
אא،אאDcאcאאK
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٤٥ -
אא120F2π/3KEאאאאאW
mV 233
π=dcV ( F٢ J٢٢
VmאאאK
אF٢ J١٥Eאא ٢ J٥ J٢אאאW אאאאאאא
אאKאKF٢ J١٦Eאאאא،אאאאא
אW D6D1, D5D6,, D4D5 , D3D4D1D2 , D2D3
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٤٦ -
אאאאאאאאאאאאאא
אאW
mV
33 π
=dcV ( F٢ J٢٣
אF٢ J١٦Eאא
٢ J٦אאאאThree phase controlled rectifiers אאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאא
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٤٧ -
אאאאאאאאאאKאאאאאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאK
אאאאאאאאאאאאאW
• אאK
• אאאאאK
• אאK
אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאK
אאאאאאאאאאאאאא
אאאאאאKאאאאאאא
W
• אאK • אאK
٢ J٦ J١א Three - phase half – wave controlled rectifier connected with a resistive load (R )
F٢ J١٧EאאRאאאאאאא
אFאEאא
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٤٨ -
אKאvoאioאאאאאאo30<αא
אoo 15030 ≤≤ αאאאאK
אF٢ J١٧EאאK
٢ J٦ J١ J١א
אאאאאF٢ J١٧Eאאא
אאα المدى واقعة في اإلشعالوتكون قيمة زاوية o30<α.אאWאאאאא
אאאאFE120°אKאTh1אt1 ωאTh2אωt
= 120o + ωt1Th3אωt = 240o + ωt1אאאאאKא Th1א
אאot 120+≤≤ αωαF٢ J١٨EאאאTh2אאoo t 240120 +≤≤+ αωα
אTh3oo t 360240 +≤≤+ αωαאאαאאא
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٤٩ -
°= 30tω)( 'tωאאא(ωt = 0) AאFEאTh1αאTh2א120o
אTh1אTh3א120oאTh2אאאא120o
אאאאKF٢ J١٨Eאvoאאא(iA, iB, iC) אioאTh1אαאאאא FאEא
120oאאא360oK אF٢ J١٩ETh1אα = 0א
א°= 30tω)( 'tωאאאאאא°≤≤° 15030 tωאA(vAN)
אאאאאTh1אאאאאאRאvANא אTh2Th3
אא KאTh2א א°≤≤° 270150 tω א אωt = 150o א
אאא120oאאאB(vBN)אאאTh2אאא
א א א R א vBN אאTh1Th3אאK
אTh3אא°≤≤° 390270 tωאאωt = 270oאאאC(vCN)אאאTh3
vCNאRאאאאאאאא Th1Th2 א
אKאא360oאTh1אאωt
= 390oK
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٥٠ -
אF٢ J١٨Eאvoאioאאא30° (α < 30°) אTh1 Fאא
vA E א Th2 Fא אvB Eא 120o Th3Fא אvC E 120o
אTh2אvoאiovo ،io F٢ J١٨EF٢ J١٩Eאאא
אאα < 30° אאאא α =0° .אאאVo(avg)אאא)(avgoI
W
אF٢ J١٨Eאאאא
אאo30<αK
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٥١ -
אF٢ J١٩Eאא
א= 0αK
ααπ
cos827.0cos2
33)( mmavgo VVV == F٢ J٢٤E
ααπ
cos827.0cos2
33)()( R
VV
RRV
I mm
avgoavgo === F٢ J٢٥E
VmאאאאאK א א א אITh(avg) אVTh(m)F٢ J١٨WE
3)(
)(avgo
avgTh
II = F٢ J٢٦E
)()( 3 mLmmTh VVV == F٢ J٢٧E )(mLV א(line voltage)K
٢ J٥W
אא208 V (VL)60 Hzא10 ΩKאאא'α'20o،W
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٥٢ -
Jאאא'Im'K Jאאא'Vo(avg)'K Jאאא'Io(avg)'K Jאאא'ITh (m)'K J אאא'ITh (avg)'K Jא'vTh (m)'K
אW
VVV
VVV
phasem
Lphase
170120*22
1203
2083
===
===
JAR
VI m
m 1710
170===
JVVV omavgo 13220cos*170*827.0cos827.0)( === α
JAR
VI avgo
avgo 2.1310132)(
)( === JAII mmTh 17)( ==
JAI
I avgoavgTh 4.4
32.13
3)(
)( === JVVVVV LmLmmTh 294220823 )()( =====
٢ J٦ J١ J٢א
אאאא אא א
אאα المدىواقعة في اإلشعالوتكون قيمة زاوية°≤≤° 15030 α. F٢ J٢٠E א אאאא א
F٢ J٢٠ E אא W אTh1אαא°≤≤° 15030 αאאא
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٥٣ -
אVANאאRאאאot 150' =ωאאאאVoא א
°≤≤° 15030 αאVoא א א א א א א°+≤≤° 150180 αωt
)120150( ' oo t +≤≤ αω א אTh1 א אאTh1Th2Th3 אאTh2
א אot 150+= αω)120'( ot += αω א Th2 א Th2Th3 אאאTh2אאRאVBNאאא)270120( ' oo t ≤≤+ ωαאא
oo t 240270 ' +≤≤ αωאאאTh1Th2Th3 אאאאTh3
א אot 270+= αω)240'( ot += αωא Th3א Th2Th1 אאאTh3אאRאVCN
א א א )270240( ' oo t ≤≤+ ωαא אoo t 360390 ' +≤≤ αωאאאTh1
Th2 Th3 א א א א Th1K
io،Vo א אαא אאVo(avg)א א א)(avgoIא
)15030( °≤≤° αW ( )[ ] ( )[ ]°++=°++= 30cos1477.030cos1
23
)( ααπ mavgo VVmV F٢ J٢٨E
( )[ ]°++== 30cos1477.0)(
)( αR
VR
VI mavgo
avgo F٢ J٢٩E
אאאαא°≤≤° 180150 α
אאK
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٥٤ -
אF٢ J٢٠Eאאאאא
אא°≤≤° 15030 αK
٢ J٦ J٢אא Three - phase full– wave bridge - controlled rectifier connected with a resistive load (R)
אאאאאאאאאאאKF٢ J٢١Eאאא
RאאאאFאאEאאאKאאTh1Th3Th5א
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٥٥ -
אאאאאKאאTh2Th4Th6אאאאאאKא
אאאFEאאאאאא
60o360oKאFאאEאFאאEאא
א(vL)אאאאאvBCKאאאTh3 Th2אאאא
אאאא)(avgoVאא)(avgoIאאαK
אF٢ J٢١EאאאK
אאאאאאא
אאאאאאFאEאאא60oא
אאא
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٥٦ -
אKאאאאאאאאאאאK
F٢ J٢١Eאא1אאא2אאאα אאאF٢ J٢٢EאאαאאאVCN,VAN
אF٢ J٢٢Eאאאאא =0° α אאא F٢ J٢٢EW
אאאא0°א120°אאא Th1אאאאא
א VAN אאא1Aאא120°א 240° אTh3א
א1Bאא240° 360°אTh5אא1Cאאאא
v1NאאVANVBNVCNK
v12جهد الخرج 2جهد النقطة 1جهد النقطة الفترة 60o A B AB إلى 0oمن 120o A C AC إلى 60oمن 180o B C BC إلى 120oمن 240o B A BA إلى 180oمن 300o C A CA إلى 240oمن 360o C B CB إلى 300oمن
420o A B AB إلى 360oمن
F٢ J١E
אאאא2אTh4אאאא°180300°אTh42אA
אא300° حتى420° أو(60o) אTh6אא2B אא60o180oאTh2
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٥٧ -
אא2Cאאא(v2N) 2א VANVBNVCNK א(v12) voNN vv 21 −K
אF٢ J١EאאאK אF٢ J٢٢Eאאאא
אאאאFאEאfrא
אfKאאאאאאאא120o
240oKאאאאאABCאאאTh6, Th5, Th4, Th3, Th2, Th1אא
אK
אF٢ J٢٢Eאא
= 0oαK
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٥٨ -
אאF٢ J١EאאאאTh1(vTh1 = vA1)אא0o120o
vA1אTh1 אאא120o240ovA1 = vABא1Bאא240o360ovA1
= vACא1CKאF٢ J٢EאאאK
vTh1vTh3vTh5 vTh4 vTh6 vTh2 الفترة
60o 0 BA CA AB 0 CB إلى 0oمن 120o 0 BA CA AC BC 0 إلى 60oمن
180o AB 0 CB AC BC 0 إلى 120oمن
240o AB 0 CB 0 BA CA إلى 180oمن
300o AC BC 0 0 BA CA إلى 240oمن
360o Ac BC 0 AB 0 CB إلى 300oمن
F٢ J٢E
א F٢ J٢٣ E א אvTh1 א א אאאאאאא(VL(m))א
אאαאא(α =0o)F٢ J٢٣Eאאא0o120o
אאאאא אאאKאF٢ J٢٤EאאiAiBiCאאF٢ J٢٣EW
⎪⎩
⎪⎨
⎧
−=−=−=
25
63
41
iiiiiiiii
C
B
A
F٢ J٣٠E
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٥٩ -
אF٢ J٢٣EאאvTh1אאא
אא = 0oαK
th
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٦٠ -
אF٢ J٢٤Eאאאא
= 0oαK
אאאאאאאאאאאאאאא
oo 600 ≤≤α א א א אoo 12060 ≤<αK א א א
אאאoo 600 ≤≤αW
ααπ
cos654.1cos33)( mmavgo VVV == F٢ J٣١E
ααπ
cos654.1cos33)()( R
VV
RRV
I mm
avgoavgo === F٢ J٣٢E
Vmאאא(Vphase (m)). אאא
אאאoo 12060 ≤<αW
)]60cos(1[654.1)]60cos(1[33)(
om
omavgo VVV ++=++= αα
π F٢ J٣٣E
)]60cos(1[654.1)()(
omavgoavgo R
VR
VI ++== α F٢ J٣٤E
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٦١ -
٢ J٦W אאא
208 V (VL)60 Hzא10 ΩKאאא'α'Z20o،W
Jאאא'Im'K Jאאא'Vo(avg)'K Jאאא'Io(avg)'K Jאאא'ITh (m)'K
J אאא'ITh (avg)'K Jא'vTh (m)'K
אW
אאאאאo20=αאאoo 600 ≤≤α
VVV
VVV
VVV
phasem
Lphase
LmL
170120*22
1203
2083
15.29422082)(
===
===
===
J AR
VI mL
m 419.2910
15.294)( === JVVV o
mavgo 26420cos*170*654.1cos654.1)( === α
JAR
VI avgo
avgo 4.2610264)(
)( === JAII mmTh 419.29)( ==
J AI
I avgoavgTh 8.8
34.26
3)(
)( === J VVVVV LmLmmTh 15.294220823 )()( =====
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٦٢ -
٢ J٧אאאאאW אאאאאאאK
אאUPSאאאאאK F٢ J٢٥EאאEKא
אא،אאאאVsאEKאאאα אאβ אאαאאβW
E sin =αmV אאאαאאאK
mVE1-sin =α
אאVsא،אאאאβאאאW
β=π- α
אאאא
sinmV
sv
R
EtR
ELi
−=
−=
ω for α< ωt< β
אiL אאא،אאאF
אEאאW ( ) 2cosm2V
2 1 EE
RdcI πααπ
−+=
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٦٣ -
FEאאאא אF٢ J٢٥Eא
FEא
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٦٤ -
٢ J٨W ٢ J١א؟אאא ٢ J٢אאאאאF٢ J٢٦Eא؟
٢ J٣אא'vo'א'io'א'is'א
א: J א'60°'K
J א'60°'K ٢ J٤אאא220V
60Hz50 ΩKאא'60°': J אאא J אאא J אאא J אאK
10V
-10V
Vi 0
5V
-5V
Vi 0
RL
47Ω Vo
RL
47Ω Vo
)(
FE
F٢ J٢٦E
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ٦٥ -
٢ J٥אאאא220V60HzKאא
20א Ωאא'60°'KW J אא J J אאא
٢ J٦אא208 V (VL)60 Hzא10 ΩKא
אא'α'30o،W Jאאא'Im'K Jאאא'Vo(avg)'K Jאאא'Io(avg)'K
٢ J٧אא 208א V (VL)60 Hzא10 ΩKא
אא'α'60o،W Jאאא'Im'K Jאאא'Vo(avg)'K Jאאא'Io(avg)'K
٢ J٨F٢ J٢٥Eאא12100אאאא٥א120א2:1אW
Jאאא Jא Jאא Jא
Jאא JאאK
אאאאאא
אא
א
א
א
٣
אא ٢٠٨ א
אאא א
- ٦٦ -
אאWאאאאאK
אאWאאאאאאאW
• אאאאאאאאK • אאאאאאאK • אאאאאאא
אאK
אאW٦
אאW
• א • אPower Point
אאWאאאא J٢K
אא ٢٠٨ א
אאא א
- ٦٧ -
٣ J١W אאאKאא
אאאאאאאאKאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאK
אאאאאאאK
٣ J٢אא אאאF٣ J١Eאא
אאאאאאאאאאאאאK
אאאאאאאאאKאאאKאאאאאאא
אK
F٣ J١Eאאאא
אא ٢٠٨ א
אאא א
- ٦٨ -
٣ J٣אאאאW אאאאאאאא
אאאKאW
٣ J٣ J١אאON-OFF ControlW אאאאאאא
אאF٣ J٢KEאא(contactors)K
אאאאTאNא(T-N)אאאא N T
W JTNK JNTK JT , NאאK
אאאد المتردد موجات الجهد لحاآم الجه) ٢-٣(شكل
אא ٢٠٨ א
אאא א
- ٦٩ -
אאT , NאאאאאKאאא
אW
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛== TN mP N T
power load maximumP ( ٣ J١ )
אאאאאPmن حيث إ
sIsVR
2sV
mP == ( ٣ J٢ )
אF٣ J١EאNTא
KאאPmZ١٠٠TZ٢٠Nאאא٥٪אאאאKא
אאאאאN TW
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛ == TN sIsV T
N mP P
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛= TN R2
sI
R2rmsI =
⎟⎠⎞
⎜⎝⎛=∴
TN sII orms ( ٣ J٣ )
⎟⎠⎞
⎜⎝⎛=∴
TN sVV orms ( ٣ J٤ )
W I אאא Rא
אא ٢٠٨ א
אאא א
- ٧٠ -
Vsא Isא
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אאאאאאאאKאאאאא
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אאא א
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אאאאאאאאK
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- ٧٣ -
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(Single phase controller with inductive load) אאאאאאא
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אT1אαφHπאT2אφHπ φH2πאאאאאKא
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אאאאאאא(switched-capacitors)K F٣ J٨Eאא
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אאאאאα .אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאK
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אF٣ J٩EאאK
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אאW Jאאאא
אאאאא Lagging PF אאאא
אא ٢٠٨ א
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- ٧٨ -
אאאאאאאאאאא
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90°< α ≤ 180 אאאאאאאאאא
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٣ J٥ J٢אאא (TSCs) Thyristor-Switched Capacitors אאאאאא
אאאאאK
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אאאאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאאאא
אF٣ J١٠Eאאאא Leading PF אאא
אאאאאאאאאK
אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאK
אא ٢٠٨ א
אאא א
- ٧٩ -
אF٣ J١٠EאאאאאאK ٣ J٦W ٣ J١؟אאא ٣ J٢אאאאא ٣ J٣אאאאאאאא ٣ J٤אאאאאאא ٣ J٥אאאא
אאא ٣ J٦20אא
220א 60אאn mאאא6W
Jאאאא Jאm n Jאאא Jא Jא
אאאא
אא
א
א
٤
אאא ٢٠٨ א
אא א
- ٨٠ -
אאWאאאאאK
אאWאאאאאאאW • א • אא • אאא • אאא • אאאאאא • אאא • א • אא
אאW٩
אאW
• א • אPower Point
אאWאאאא J٢K
אאא ٢٠٨ א
אא א
- ٨١ -
٤ J١W אאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאאאאאאאKKאאא
'Inverters' אאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאאאIGBTKKKKאאאא
אאאאאאאאKא
אאאאאW • אK • אאאK • אאK • אאאK
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٢K (CSI)''Current Source InverterאאK אאאאאא
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٤ J٢אאא אאאאאאW
o אאא (induction motors)אאא(synchronous motors)K
o אאFinduction heatingKE
אאא ٢٠٨ א
אא א
- ٨٢ -
o אאאFaircraft power suppliesKE o אאFuninterruptible power supplies UPSKE o אאאאאF high-voltage DC transmissionKE o אאFstandby power suppliesKE
אFbatteriesEFsolar cellsEKאאאא
٢٢٠٥٠٦٠٢٢٠٤٠٠אאאאאאאא٢٢٠אL٣٨٠٥٠١٢٠L٢٠٨٦٠
١١٥L٢٠٠٤٠٠K
٤ J٣אThe Basics of Inverter אF٤ J١Eאאאאאא
אאאאאKא٢אאא
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אאאאאאאVsאS1،S2KאS1אS2
אאאאאאאS2אS1אאאא
אאאKאא'T'אF٤ J٢Eא
א'fo'אאW
Tf o
1= Hz F٤ J١E
אאא ٢٠٨ א
אא א
- ٨٣ -
אF٤ J١EאאאאK
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אאא ٢٠٨ א
אא א
- ٨٤ -
א א א אאS1،S2 Kאאא
אאאאK א א
אא'filter'אאאאאאא
אאאאא Kאאאא
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אאאאאאאאא
אאאאאא א א א
אאאKאאאK
٤ J٤ J١אאאאא
Single-Phase Half-Bridge Inverter (VSI) אאאאאאאאא
אF٤ J٣EאאאאאאאS2 ,S1 א 'Vs' ٢
אא אא א Kא
אאא ٢٠٨ א
אא א
- ٨٥ -
אאאאאאאאאKKKאK
٤ J٤ J١ J١אא Case of a Resistive Load R אא S2 ,S1א אF٤ J٣ERאS1אS2אא0 ≤ t ≤ T/2 א א 'Vs' א
אאאאאאאאאאS1א אi1אS2אS1א
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אאאאאאS2אאi2 אi1 א F٤ J٤ E א Rא
fא אא1/TאאאאK
אאאאאא'Vs'K
אF٤ J٣Eאאאאאא
אאא ٢٠٨ א
אא א
- ٨٦ -
אF٤ J٤Eאאאא
٤ J٤ J١ J٢אאCase of an Inductive load
אאאאioא א א אVo א
אאאאאאאאאאאK אF٤ J٤ E א א א K
אאאW אא0 ≤ t ≤ T/2אVoא
אS1אאאאD1KאioאאאאKאא0 ≤ t ≤ t1אאא
אאאאאא D1אאאאאVS Kאא t1 ≤ t ≤ T/2אאאאא
אאאS1אאאאאאK א א t = T/2א S1
אאאאאאא S1אאאא VSאאאאאאאאאאאאD2
אT/2 ≤ t ≤ t2Kאאt=t2אאאאא D2אאא S2א
אt2 ≤ t ≤ T א אא א אא א א אאאאS2KאאאTKאF٤ J٥E
א io א א Kאאא
אאא ٢٠٨ א
אא א
- ٨٧ -
אאאF٤ J٥E א א אi2 ,i1 K אא
אioאאאאאאאאא0א ≤ t ≤ T/2אאאאאא
אאאאT/2 ≤ t ≤ TK
אF٤ J٥Eאא
אאא ٢٠٨ א
אא א
- ٨٨ -
אאאאאאW אאאאאW
VV so= F٤ J٢E
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٤ J٤ J٢ J١אאR א אאא א א
א א F٤ J٦ E א אאא אא אא٤א ٤אא
אKאאאאאאאKאאאא
א S4, S1 א S3, S2אS3, S2אS4, S1אK א S4, S1 א S3, S2 א א 'T/2'K
K אא W אS4, S1א א 0 ≤ t ≤ T/2אאאא
אאS3,S2אאאאאאאאאאאS4, S1א'Vo'
א א א 'Vs' K א S4, S1 אS3, S2 א א T/2 ≤ t ≤ T K א א א אאאאאאאאאאS3, S2
אאאאאKאאאא'-Vo'K
אאF٤ J٧EאVsK א א א א
א'fo'אא'T'fo = 1/TK
אאא ٢٠٨ א
אא א
- ٩٠ -
אF٤ J٦Eאאאאאאאא
אF٤ J٧WEאאאא
אאאאאאVo(rms)W אאאאאF٤ J٢E
אאאאאK V1(rms)Wאאאאא
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אא א
- ٩١ -
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'Vs'48 VKW FE אאא'Vo(rms)'K FE אאא'Io(rms)'K FE אאאאא'V1(rms)'K FE א'Po'K
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אאאאאאF٤ J٦Eאאאא'R''R-L'KאF٤ J٩Eא'Vo'אio
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W
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אאא ٢٠٨ א
אא א
- ٩٣ -
אא0 ≤ t ≤ t1אאאאאאאאא אאD4, D1 א א א 'Vs' Kאא א א א
א אאS4, S1 א אאאאt1 ≤ t ≤ T/2 א א א א 'Vo'
אא א 'Vs' א א 0 ≤ t ≤ T/2 Kא א א'io' א אt = t1
אאt = T/2Kאאאt = T/2אאא
אאאאאאאS4, S1אאאאאאאאאאאאאD3, D2 אאא'Vs'
אאT/2≤ t ≤ t2KאאאאVo = - VsKאא
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≤ t ≤ t2אKא'io'אאאt2 ≤ t ≤ TאS2, S3 אא
אאאאאאאאS2, S3 א א א'Vs'א א K א
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אאא ٢٠٨ א
אא א
- ٩٤ -
אF٤ J٩EאאאאאאאאאאאאאK
אאא ٢٠٨ א
אא א
- ٩٥ -
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א א א א א א א F٤ J١KE
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٤ J٥אאInverter Voltage Control Techniques אאאאא
אאאאW ١K אאאK ٢K אאאK
אאאאK אאאאאא
אאאאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאאאאא
אאK אאאאאאאא
אא’PWM‘אאאאאאא
אאאאאאאאK
אאא ٢٠٨ א
אא א
- ٩٧ -
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אW ١K אSingle Pulse-Width ModulationK ٢K אMultiple Pulse-Width ModulationK ٣K אSinusoidal Pulse-Width ModulationK
٤ J٥ J١ J١א אאאאא
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א
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- ٩٩ -
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πδPVV so = F٤ J٩E
אF٤ J١١Eאאאאאאא
٤ J٥ J١ J٣א אאאא
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0
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٤ J٦אאאCurrent Source Inverter CSI אאאא
אאאאKאאאא
אאאאאאאאKאF٤ J١٣E
אאאאאאאאאאאאK
אF٤ J١٢EאS2, S1אא
אK
אאא ٢٠٨ א
אא א
- ١٠١ -
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٤ J٧אאאאThree-phase VSI Inverter ٤ J٧ J١אאאאאא
א א א א א K א א א א K
א א א א א א،אF٤ J١٤Eאאאאאאא
אא Fא אא אא אEאאאKא אא
אאאאאK א אא א א א א א
א א F Eא א א אאK אא א א א א
אאKאא120°אא180°K
אאא ٢٠٨ א
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אF٤ J١٥EאאאאאK
א F٤ J١ Eא א
א S1S2 א S2S3 א S3S4 א S4S5 אS5S6 S1KKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
א F٤ J١٦ E אאvCN ,vBN,vAN א אאW
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E/2 -E/2 0 + موصل مفصول مفصول مفصول مفصول موصل 60o إلى 0oمن
E/2 0 -E/2 + مفصول مفصول مفصول مفصول موصل موصل 120o إلى 60oمن
E/2 -E/2 + 0 مفصول مفصول مفصول موصل موصل مفصول 180o إلى120oمن
E/2 + E/2 0- مفصول مفصول موصل موصل مفصول مفصول 240o إلى 180oمن
E/2 0 + E/2- مفصول موصل موصل مفصول مفصول مفصول 300o إلى 240oمن
E/2 + E/2- 0 موصل موصل موصل مفصول مفصول مفصول 360o إلى 300oمن
F٤ J١E
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EPO 5.1210*2
5002
22
===
٤ J٧ J٣א180° אא אאא אאא
F٤ J١٤Eאאא KאאאWאאאאא
אאאא180oKאאאאK
א א א אאא א אאא S1 وS3 وS2 F
אאE60oאS2S3S4(2- 3- 4)אKאF٤ J٢Eאאא
60o KאאאאאאאאKאW1-2-32-3-43-4-54-5-65-6-1
אאא ٢٠٨ א
אא א
- ١٠٧ -
6-1-2KKKF٤ J٢E180oאאK
F٤ J٢E אאאאאYK
א (vph) א א אF 60אo E אאאF٤ J٢٠EKאאאאאאאאא K אF٤ J٣Eא
אא180oK
F٤ J٣E אF٤ J٢١E120°א .א
אאאא
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 الفترة
موصل موصل مفصول مفصول مفصول موصل 60o إلى 0oمن موصل مفصول مفصول مفصول موصل موصل 120o إلى 60oمن مفصول مفصول مفصول موصل موصلموصل 180o إلى120oمن مفصول مفصول موصل موصل موصلمفصول 240o إلى 180oمن مفصول موصل موصل موصلمفصولصولمف 300o إلى 240oمن موصل موصل موصل مفصولمفصولمفصول 360o إلى 300oمن
vAN vBN vCN vAB vBC vCA الفترة
60o E/3+ -2E/3 +E/3 + E -E 0 إلى 0oمن
120o 2E/3+ -E/3 -E/3 + E 0 -E إلى 60oمن
180o E/3+ +E/3 -2E/3 0 + E -E إلى120oمن
240o -E/3 +2E/3-E/3 -E + E 0 إلى 180oمن
300o -2E/3 +E/3 +E/3 -E 0 + E إلى 240oمن
360o -E/3 -E/3 +2E/3 0 -E + E إلى 300oمن
אאא ٢٠٨ א
אא א
- ١٠٨ -
KאF60° (א א אK א F٤ J٣ Eא אא א
א א א(VL) א אF٤ J١٠E K אF٤ J٢١EKאאאאא
120°אK אאאאאאאאא
אאאאYאא∆K
אאא ٢٠٨ א
אא א
- ١٠٩ -
אF٤ J٢٠Eאאאאאא180oK
אאא ٢٠٨ א
אא א
- ١١٠ -
אF٤ J٢٠Eאאאאאא180oK
אאא ٢٠٨ א
אא א
- ١١١ -
אאאYאW
REPO 3
2 2
= F٤ J١٦E
אF٤ J٢١Eאאאא180oK
אאא ٢٠٨ א
אא א
- ١١٢ -
R א א א א א180°א 1.33אא120°.
א א א Iswitch(rms) א א אIo(rms)W
REI rmsswitch 3)( = F٤ J١٧E
)()( 2 rmsswitchrmsO II = F٤ J١٨E
אVswitch(reverse)W EV rmsswitch =)( F٤ J١٩E
אאאVph (rms)אאאVL(rms)W
EV rmsph 32
)( = F٤ J٢٠E
3
2)(
EV rmsL = F٤ J٢١E
F٤ J٥WE
א10Ω Y . א 440V א א 180°K
W J אאא PoK
J אISK JאאאVph(rms)K JאאאVL(rms)K
אW JW
RE
REPO 12907
10*2)440(2
32
32 222
====
אאא ٢٠٨ א
אא א
- ١١٣ -
J א אאא א א אאPSאאPo:
A
EP
I
IEPP
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SSo
33.29440
12907===∴
==∴
JVEV rmsph 4.207440*32
32
)( === JVVV rmsphrmsL 26.35934.2073 )()( ===
٤ J٨אאא
• א Uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs) EאאFא(UPSs)אאאא
אאאא Kאאא אאאא
א Kא א א א אKאאאאאא
אאאK
Wאאאאא אF٤ J٢٤Eאא
אW • אא אאא
Kא א א א א F אEא אאאאא א
F٤ J٢٤KE אאאא •
אא א אא א אאאאK
אאא ٢٠٨ א
אא א
- ١١٤ -
• א א אא א א אאאאא
F٤ J٢٤KE אאאאאא •
אאאאאK
אF٤ J٢٣EאUPSK
א אאאאא א א א
אאאאF٤ J٢٤EFKEאא
אF٤ J٢٤EאK
אאא ٢٠٨ א
אא א
- ١١٥ -
אF٤ J٢٥EאאאאאאאאKאאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאאאאאאאKאא
אא אאאאאאאK
אF٤ J٢٥EאאאאK
٤ J٩אW
אאאאאאKא
KאאאאאאאאאאאאSPWMאא
אאאאאאא אא א א אא K
אאאאאאאא
אאא ٢٠٨ א
אא א
- ١١٦ -
א אא א אא א א אאאK
א אא א א אאאאאאא
אאK
٤ J١٠W ٤ J١؟א ٤ J٢א؟אאא ٤ J٣؟אאאא ٤ J٤؟א ٤ J٥؟אאאאא ٤ J٦؟אאא ٤ J٧؟אאאאא ٤ J٨؟אאאאאא ٤ J٩؟אאאאא ٤ J١٠א؟אאא
אא؟٤ J١١א220V
20ΩKW 'Vo'אאא -أ ''V1אאאאא -ب Kאאא -ج
٤ J١٢אאאFא٤ J١٢EאK ٤ J١٣אאאאאאאK
אאא ٢٠٨ א
אא א
- ١١٧ -
٤ J١٤א400 VאאYא20 Ω Kא
120oW Jאאא)(rmsophIK
Jאאאא)(rmsswitchIK JאאoPK
٤ J١٥א400 Vאא∆א20 Ωאא
120oKאאאאאא ٤ J١٦ א 20Ω
Y .א 220V אא180°KאאאאאאK
٤ J١٧א20Ω ∆ .א 220V אא180°Kא
אאK ٤ J١٨אאאא(UPSs)K ٤ J١٩ אאאאא
K ٤ J٢٠אאK
אא
אא
א
א
٥
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ١١٨ -
אאWאאאאאK
אאWאאאאאאאW
• אאאאK • אאאאK • אאאאאאאK • א(converter)אאאK • אאאK
אאW٦
אאW
• א • אPower Point
אאWאאאא J٢K
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ١١٩ -
٥ J١ א א א א F KEא א
אאאKאאאאאאא א אאא א אאא K
אאאאאK F٥ J١ E א א א
KאאאאאאאאאAB
אA א 69kV J 230kV א א אאKאאאA K
א א א Kא א אאאאBKא
אאאאBKאאאBK
אF٥ J١E K2אאאאא
-Y, Y-Y ∆א12אKאאאאאאאאאאא
AאאBאאאאאKאאאאא
Fא א א E אא אאLdאא
א א א א א א אא אאאאאKK
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ١٢٠ -
אF٥ J١EאאאאK
٥ J٢אאTwelve-pulse rectifiers אאאאאאאא
אא Kאאאא אאKאאא2
א F٥ J٢Eאא א KאאאY-Yאאא
∆−YY−∆Kאאא∆−Yא א א 30o א א א א Y-Y K
אאאא30o K א א30oא
אאאאאאאאאא30oאK
אאאאW
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ١٢١ -
α
πcos6
)()( LLmavgo VV −= F٥ J١E
א אא אאאא א15oW
)()( 932.115cos2 LLmo
LLmom VVV −− == F٥ J٢E
)( LLmV −אאאK אF٥ J٣Eאאאא0K
F٥ J٢ Eא א א אא אאאY-Y אא אא
אאא∆−Y30° . وبالتالى عدد اإلنتقاالت الكلية خالل زمن دورى آامل 12وتكون ترددات التوافقيات الموجودة بجهد الخرج الكلى . 12تبلغ المترددلمصدر الجهد
א12אאKאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאK
אF٥ J٢EאK
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ١٢٢ -
אF٥ J٣Eאאא0=αK
٥ J٣אאW
א אא א א א אא א א א א K א
אאאאאאאאKאאאאF٥ J٤E
אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאא
א א אF٥ J٤EK א אאאאאא
90° אאא אF א אא E א א א
אאKאאאVo(avg)א א אא 090° (0<α<90°) אא
אאא Vo(avg)אאא90°180°(90°<α<180°)אאKאF٥ J
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ١٢٣ -
٥EאאאF٥ J٤Eא150° אKאאVo(avg)אאאאW
απ
cos3)( LLmoavg VV −= F٥ J٣E
אF٥ J٤EאאאK
אF٥ J٥Eאאאאאo150=αK
F٥ J١WE
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ١٢٤ -
א א א א א F٥ J٤ E א 4160אV K א אא120° 3000ر الجهد المستم قيمةوV
א אR=2Ω א א א א א) RL >>ω (אאKאאאאא
אאK אW
VVV LLLLm 13.5883241602)( === −− אאאאW
V
VV
o
LLmavgo
2809
120cos13.58833
cos3)()(
−=
=
= −
π
απ
אאאW
A
RVV
I dcavgavgo
5.952
30002809
0)(
=+−
=
= +
א א א 120° א אאאאאאאאW
KW
VIP avgoavgoac
3.268)2809)(5.95(
)()(
=−−=
−=
אאאW KWRIRIP avgormsoR 2.182)5.95( 2
)(2
)(2 ====
אאאאא
KWVIP dcavgodc 5.286)3000)(5.95()( ===Racdc PPP +=
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ١٢٥ -
٥ J٤אאDC power transmission אאאאF٥ J٢Eאאא
א K אאאאא אא א א א א
אאא K אאאאאאאאאאאאK
אאאאאאW • אאאא
אאאאאK
• אאאאFאE א א א א אאאאאא
אאK • אא א א א
אאאאK • א א א א א אאא
א אאאא אא אאאאK
• אאאאאאאאK
• אאאאאאאא
50HZ60HZאאאK
אאאאאאאאאאאאK
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ١٢٦ -
אF٥ J٦Eא אא אאאאאאKא
אאא אאאאאאKאאאאio
F אF٥ J٦ EE א א אאאא אאא
אאאאאאא א א א א
אאאאאאאK
אF٥ J٦EאאאK
א א א א א א א א
א א א אא א אא אאא KאאRאאא
אאאאאאא
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ١٢٧ -
א אא א א א Vo2,Vo1 אאאאא090° א
אא180 إلى 90°א° .אאאאאאאאאאאא
K אא1F1Eא2F2E
FאF٥ J٦EEאאאאאF٥ J٦EאאאF٥ J٧EאאW
RVV
I ooO
21 += )٤-٥(
אאאW α
πcos3
)(11 LLmo VV −= F٥ J٥E
απ
cos3)(22 LLmo VV −= F٥ J٦E
אאאW oo IVP 11 = F٥ J٧E
oo IVP 22 = F٥ J٨E
אF٥ J٧EאאאאאאאK
אF٥ J٨Eאאאאא א א א א א
אאאאKא א א F٥ J٨ Eא א
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ١٢٨ -
א(bipolar) א א dcV+א א dcV−אאאאאאא
אאאאאK
אF٥ J٨EאאאאאK
F٥ J٢WE
אא230א kVאF٥ J٦Eאאאאאא10 Ωאאאא
אאאאאאאאKאא100 MWאא2אא1
אאKאW JאאאVo2 = 200 kVK
JאאIoK JאאאאPlossK אW
J א א א א א 2 F٥ J٤EאF٥ J٨EW
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ١٢٩ -
MWVIP
kVVV
oo
LLrmsLLm
100
27.32522302
22
)()(
−==
=== −−
א2א1K אאאא0=αF٥ J٥Eא
F٥ J٦EW KVVV LLmo 6.31027.32533
)(max === − ππ
א א א max0)6.310( VkV
אא א 2kVVo 2002 −=אא אאאאא1Kא
א2W
o
o
LLmo
VKV
KVVV
130)6.310
200(cos
cos6.310200cos200
200cos3
2
2
2max
2)(2
=−=∴
=−=−∴
−== −
α
αα
απ
אאoIW
A
KVMW
VP
I
IVP
oo
oo
500200100
2
2
22
===∴
=
אאW
o
oooo
o
o
oLLmo
KVVKvRIVVKVVVV
VVV
7.48)6.310
205(cos
205)10(500200,6.310
)(cos
coscos3
1
21max
max
111
1max1)(1
==∴
=+=+−==
=∴
==
−
−
α
α
ααπ
Q
JFEאאoIA500 JאאאאlossPW
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ١٣٠ -
MWPPPMWRIRIP
loss
oormsloss
5.2025.22005.210*500
21
222
=++=+=∴====
1Pאאא1א2K
٥ J٥אאאאThe field excitation of synchronous generator א א א אא
אKאא א א א(brushes) א א אא אא א
אאKאאאאאאאא(brushless)KאאאאאאאK
א א א א אא Kא א א אאאאאאאא
אאאאאKאאא א א א א א א(AVR)K K א
א א אא אא א א א K F٥ J٩EאאK
אאאאאאאKאאאאKאא
א א Fא א Eא א א K א אאאאאאאא
אא(emf)אאאאאאאאאK
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ١٣١ -
אF٥ J٩Eאא
٥ J٦W ٥ J١אא؟؟ ٥ J٢א؟אאאאא ٥ J٣אאאאאא؟אאא ٥ J٤אא-Y, Y-Y ∆؟אא ٥ J٥אא א אא א א א א א א
אK ٥ J٦؟אאא ٥ J٧אאאאא(bipolar)؟אאא ٥ J٨אאאאאאא
א؟ ٥ J٩אאאא אF٥ J٤ E
אא4160V K א אא150° الجهد المستمر قيمةو3000V אאR=1Ω אאאא
א٢٠٨ א א
אא א
- ١٣٢ -
א) RL >>ω (אא KאאאאאאאK
٥ J١٠אא220א kVאF٥ J٦Eאאאאאא6 Ωאאא
אאאאאאאאאKאא120 MWאא2א
א1אאKאW JאאאVo2 = 220 kVKK
JאאIoK JאאאאPlossK
אא ٢٠٨ א
א
אא (1) Ashfaq Ahmed : “Power Electronics for Technology”, Prentice-Hall,
1999. (2) M. H. Rashid: “Power Electronics: Circuits, Devices, and
Applications”, Second Edition, Prentice-Hall, 1993. (3) David A. Bradley: “Power Electronics”, Second Edition, Nelson
Thornes, 1995. (4) Ned Mohan, Tore M. Undeland, and William P. Robbins: “Power
Electronics: Converters, Applications, and Design”, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1995.
א ٢٠٨ א
א
א אאWאאאאאאאא
١ J١ ٢ ١ J٢אא ٢ ١ J٣ א ٤
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١ J٤א ١٠ ١ J٥א ١٢
١ J٥ J١אאא ١٢ ١ J٥ J٢אא ١٣ ١ J٥ J٣אאא ١٣ ١ J٥ J٤אא ١٣
١ J٦א ١٤ ١ J٧אא ١٥
١ J٧ J١אא ١٦ ١ J٧ J٢אאאאא ١٧ ١ J٧ J٣אאאאא ١٩
١ J٨ ٢١
אאWאא ٢ J١ ٢٤ ٢ J٢אאא ٢٤ ٢ J٣אאא ٢٥
٢ J٣ J١אא ٢٥ ٢ J٣ J٢אאאא ٢٧
א ٢٠٨ א
א
٢ J٤אאאא ٢٩ ٢ J٤ J١אאאא ٢٩ ٢ J٤ J٢אאאא ٣٣ ٢ J٤ J٣אא ٣٥
٢ J٤ J٣ J١אא ٣٥ ٢ J٤ J٣ J٢אא’R-L‘ ٣٩
٢ J٥אאאא ٤٣ ٢ J٥ J١אאא ٤٣ ٢ J٥ J٢אאא ٤٤
٢ J٦אאאא ٤٥ ٢ J٦ J١א ٤٦
٢ J٦ J١ J١ א ٤٧ ٢ J٦ J١ J٢
א ٥١ ٢ J٦ J٢אא ٥٣
٢ J٧אאאאא ٦١ ٢ J٨ ٦٣
אאWאאאאאא
٣ J١ ٦٦ ٣ J٢אא ٦٦ ٣ J٣אאאא ٦٧
٣ J٣ J١אא ٦٧ ٣ J٣ J٢אא ٧٠
٣ J٤אאא ٧٢ ٣ J٥אאאאאאא ٧٥
א ٢٠٨ א
א
٣ J٥ J١ ٧٥ ٣ J٥ J٢אאא ٧٧
٣ J٦ ٧٨
אאאWאא ٤ J١ ٨٠ ٤ J٢אאא ٨٠ ٤ J٣א ٨١ ٤ J٤אאא ٨٣
٤ J٤ J١אאאא ٨٣ ٤ J٤ J١ J١אא ٨٤ ٤ J٤ J١ J٢אא ٨٥
٤ J٤ J٢אאאא ٨٨ ٤ J٤ J٢ J١אאR ٨٨ ٤ J٤ J٢ J٢אא'R-L' ٩١
٤ J٥אא ٩٥ ٤ J٥ J١א ٩٦
٤ J٥ J١ J١א ٩٦ ٤ J٥ J١ J٢א ٩٧ ٤ J٥ J١ J٣א ٩٨
٤ J٦אאא ٩٩ ٤ J٧אאאא ١٠٠
٤ J٧ J١אאאאאא ١٠٠ ٤ J٧ J٢א120° ١٠١ ٤ J٧ J٣א180° ١٠٥
٤ J٨אאאאFאאE ١١١ ٤ J٩א ١١٣
א ٢٠٨ א
א
٤ J١٠K ١١٤
אאWאאאא ٥ J١K ١١٧ ٥ J٢אא ١١٨ ٥ J٣אא ١٢٠ ٥ J٤אא ١٢٣ ٥ J٥אאאא ١٢٨ ٥ J٦ ١٢٩
