企業的研究 — 基本理念中央大學. 資訊管理系范錚強 mailto:...

企業的研究—基本理念企業的研究—基本理念

中央大學 . 資訊管理系范錚強

mailto: [email protected]

2011.03 upd

2

中央資管：范錚強 2

大綱

商業的研究研究倫理研究者的語言


第一章企業的研究


企業研究的定義

企業研究是決定、取得、分析並傳播相關的資料、資訊的過程，能培養決策制定者的洞察力、動員組織採取適當的行動，進而使企業的績效最佳化


企業的研究

研究有助於回應變革研究有助於降低決策風險


What’s Changing in Business that Influences Research

Critical Scrutiny of Business

Computing Power & Speed

Computing Power & Speed

Battle for Analytical

Talent

Battle for Analytical

Talent

FactorsFactors

Information Overload

Shifting Global Economics

Shifting Global Economics

Government Intervention

Government Intervention

Technological Connectivity

Technological Connectivity

New Research Perspectives

New Research Perspectives


Research May Not Be Necessary

Can It Pass These Tests?Can information be applied to a critical decision?

Will the information improve managerial decision making?

Are sufficient resources available?


Characteristics of Good ResearchClearly defined purposeClearly defined purpose

Detailed research processDetailed research process

Thoroughly planned designThoroughly planned design

High ethical standardsHigh ethical standards

Limitations addressedLimitations addressed

Adequate analysisAdequate analysis

Unambiguous presentationUnambiguous presentation

Conclusions justifiedConclusions justified

CredentialsCredentials


Two Categories of Research

Applied Basic (Pure)


Four Types of Studies

Reporting報導。

是研究嗎？

Explanatory尋找 Why’ How

Predictive尋找因素關係

Descriptive尋找 What


第二章研究的倫理

保護研究對象隱私、安全、商業秘密等

保護研究者、研究機構訴訟的可能性

保護委託研究單位避免錯誤決策

未來延續研究的可能


案例：資訊應用人力的研究

行政院委託時間很緊迫

資訊軟體產值 27 家公司產值佔了一半例如：微軟、 IBM 、 SAP 、鼎新、趨勢…詢問這些公司往後五年會新聘多少人乘二

供需各校學生人數加總


資訊人力供需研究結論

資訊人力過剩資管大學部太多

但資工短缺資管研究所不足


構念層次

資訊人力供需研究的問題

實質層次

數量太多太少

推論…大學 / 研究所資工 / 資管

y測量

誤差

x誤差

測量

X Y需求？供給？

社會供需


資訊人力供需研究的倫理問題

教育決策社會印象專業良心


Types of Ethical Violations

Violatingdisclosure

agreements

Violatingdisclosure

agreements

Breakingconfidentiality

Breakingconfidentiality

Misrepresentingresults

Misrepresentingresults

DeceivingparticipantsDeceiving

participants

PaddedinvoicesPaddedinvoices

Avoidinglegal liability

Avoidinglegal liability


Ethical Treatment of Participants

Explain study benefitsExplain study benefits

Explain participant rights and protections

Explain participant rights and protections

Obtain informedconsent

Obtain informedconsent


Components of Informed Consent

Identify researchers

Describe survey topic

Describe target sample

Identify sponsor

Describe purpose of research

Promise anonymity and confidentiality

Give “good-faith” estimate of required time commitment

State participation is voluntary

State item-non response is acceptable

Ask for permission


Participant Confidentiality

Minimize instruments requiring ID

Minimize instruments requiring ID

Non-disclosure of data subsets

Non-disclosure of data subsets

Restrict access to ID

Restrict access to ID

Obtain signednondisclosure

Reveal only with written

consent


第三章： Thinking Like a ResearcherThinking Like a Researcher

研究精神語言想法


Language of Research

Variables

ModelsModels

TheoryTheory

Terms usedin research

Terms usedin research

Constructs

Operationaldefinitions

Operationaldefinitions

Propositions/Hypotheses

Propositions/Hypotheses

Conceptualschemes

ConceptualschemesConceptsConcepts


Job Redesign Constructs and Concepts


A Variable Is the Property Being Studied

Variable變數

Variable變數

Event事件

Event事件

Act行動Act

行動

Characteristic特徵

Characteristic特徵

Trait特質Trait特質

Attribute屬性

Attribute屬性


Types of Variables

DichotomousDichotomousMale/Female

Employed/ UnemployedMale/Female

Employed/ Unemployed

DiscreteDiscreteEthnic backgroundEducational level

Religious affiliation

Ethnic backgroundEducational level

Religious affiliation

ContinuousContinuousIncome

TemperatureAge

IncomeTemperature

Age


變數

類別例如：工學院、文學院、管理學院…例如： Yes and No

大小喜不喜歡，從 1 到 7

等距溫度

等比長度


Independent and Dependent Variable Synonyms

Independent Variable (IV)

Predictor

Presumed cause

Stimulus

Predicted from…

Antecedent

Manipulated

Dependent Variable (DV)

Criterion

Presumed effect

Response

Predicted to….

Consequence

Measured outcome


Relationships Among Variable Types

x: 自變數

y: 依變數、因變數

z: 調節變數 Moderator

Interaction effects:互動效果、調節效果



控制變數

干擾變數、混淆變數



IVV: Mediator 中間變數、中介變數

Mediating effects:中介效果


Propositions 命題 and Hypotheses 假說

Brand Manager Jones (case) has a higher-than-average achievement motivation (variable).

Brand managers in Company Z (cases) have a higher-than-average achievement motivation (variable).

Generalization


Characteristics of Strong Hypotheses

A Strong

Hypothesis Is

A Strong

Hypothesis Is

AdequateAdequate

TestableTestable

Better than rivals

Better than rivals


Sound Reasoning

Exposition Argument

InductionDeduction

Types of Discourse

企業的研究 — 基本理念 中央大學. 資訊管理系 范錚強 mailto:...

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