高 一 英 语

Module 2 Unit 1

Tales of the unexplained

Grammar(2)

• Structures connected with the present perfect tense:

1) It is (has been) +a period of time +since-clause.

2)This (That/It) is the first (second…) time + that-clause (present perfect tense).

3)This (That/It) is the best/ finest /most interesting … + that-clause. (present perfect tense).

the Present Perfect Continuous

Tense 现在完成进行时态

Form: have / has + been +doing

_________________________________________

past perfect past now future

present perfect

_________________________________________

past perfect past now future

present perfect continuous

The boy started having dinner five

minutes ago.

He is still having dinner now.

The boy ________________ (have) dinner since five minutes ago.

has been having

The man started working in the

field half an hour ago.

He is still working now.

The man __________________ (work) in the field for half an hour.

has been working

Summary 1:1.We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about actions that started in the past and are still continuing.I have not been sleeping well since I returned home.

past present

not being able to sleep well

I’m still not sleeping well.I returned home.

Summary 2:

We also use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about actions that have just finished but are still connected to the present in some way.

---Sorry I’m late. Have you been waiting long?

---Yes. I’ve been waiting for an hour.

P.9

Please read Notes1-4 on Page 10 carefully.

P.10 Comparison

Present perfect or present perfect continuous tense?

She is still reading the book.

Li Jia has been reading a

book about Stonehenge.

Li Jia has read a book

about Stonehenge.

She finished reading the book.

She knows the content of the book now.

Note:

We use the present perfect tense to

talk about an action completed in the

recent past, and the present prefect

continuous tense for an action that

started in the past and is still

happening.

She __________ (visit)

Japan twice this

month.

He _______________ (tour)

America for two months.

has visited

has been touring

Note: The present perfect continuous tense can’t be used with time expressions such as twice or how many times, because in this tense the action is continuous, not stopped and started again. We can use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, and the present perfect continuous tense for non-stop actions.

How many times _______________

(swim) in the lake?

How long ______________________ (swim) in the lake?

have you been swimming

have you swum

Note: We usually use the present

perfect tense to ask questions

beginning with how many/much,

and the present perfect continuous

tense to ask questions beginning

with how long.

1)She has had the pen for 2 years.

2)She has written many compositions with this pen.

3)She has been writing compositions with this pen.

state verb

action verb

action verb

A state verb or an action verb?

An action means something happening

or changing. A state means something

staying the same. Some examples of

action verbs are do, go, and play. Some

examples of state verbs are like, know

and exist.

Note: We can use either a state verb or

an action with the present perfect

tense, but we usually can only use an

action verb with the present perfect

continuous tense. A state verb doesn’t

mean an action, so it can’t be used in a

continuous tense.

• They’ve always had a big garden.

• How long have you known each other?

• He’s been in hospital since his

accident.

I’ve already

been to Tibet.

I’ve never visited

Tibet.

Note:

We use the present perfect tense,

not the present perfect continuous

tense, with the words like always,

never, yet, already and ever.

How long have you

been learning English?

How long have you

learnt English?

It has been raining

for a long time.

It has rained for

a long time.

Note: An action which began in the past and is still continuing or has only just finished can, with certain verbs, be expressed by either the present perfect or present perfect continuous. Verbs which can be used in this way include expect, hope, learn, lie, live, sleep, sit, study, wait, want, snow, etc.

P.11

( ) 1. Although he has lived with us

for years, he _________ us much

impression.

A. hadn’t left B. didn’t leave

C. doesn’t leave D. hasn’t left

Multiple choice

( ) 2. How can you possibly miss the

news? It ___________ on TV all day

long.

A. has been B. had been

C. was D. will be

( ) 3.---- _____ Dad and Vicky _____ married?

A. How long were, being

B. How long, have

C. How long have, been

D. How long did, get

( ) 4. ---- How long ______ at the job?

---- Since 1990.

A. were you employed

B. have you been employed

C. had you been employed

D. will you been employed

( ) 5. I wonder why Jenny ____ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.

A.hasn’t written B. doesn’t write

C. won’t write D. hadn’t written

1.Review the Grammar we have

learned in Unit 1.

2.Finish A and B on P11; C1 and C2

on P88.

3.Preview Task.