영어학습과 통역

PART I : 듣기지도방법 Part II: 영한대조분석

부산외국어대학교영어대학 영어학부

이용성

Part One: 듣기지도방법

1. 1. 이론적 배경이론적 배경 1) MTSP2) Top-down & Bottom-up information3) Summary

2. 2. 실질적인 훈련방법실질적인 훈련방법 1) Shadowing2) Transcription3) Note-taking and Discussion4) Dicto-Comp

3. 3. 요약과 제언요약과 제언 1) Pre-listening2) Listening3) Post-listening

4 기능의 관계

Input                 Process               Output     

listening Auditory image speaking

reading Visual image writing

Blue : Natural CoursePurple : Unnatural Course

Motor Theory of Speech Perception

듣기와 말하기는 같은 정보를 공유한다 . 증거

a) economy : Using same set of mechanism for production and perceptio

n

b) problem of invariance : Speech sounds are variable, but their way of production is n

ot.

c) McGuirk effect (McGuirk & McDonald 1976) : Seeing interferes with listening.

Bottom-up information

1. Intonation2. Stress3. Segmental pronunciation

Top-down information(1)syntactic information

Minimal Attachment Theorya) I saw the boy with binoculars. b) The burglar blew open the box with dynamites.

Garden Path Sentencesa) The horse raced past the barn fell. b) I convinced her children are noisy.

Top-down information(2)semantic information

Warren & Warren 의 실험

a) It was found that the *eel was on the axle. b) It was found that the *eel was on the shoe. c) It was found that the *eel was on the

orange. d) It was found that the *eel was on the table.

Top-down information(3)knowledge base

Seleskovitch … the line between comprehension and knowledge is bl

urred for someone who is knowledgeable about a subject. (1978, 69)

Theory of FelicityJack: What time is it? Judy: There comes a mailman.

What we learned from theories

Three aspects of listening comprehension

Auditory Image Language Ability Knowledge Base

Practical Methodology

Characteristics of Listening Process

a) Psychological Cue b) Dot and spread c) No written text

Practice in Listening

1. Shadowing - 그림자 밟기2. Transcription (Dictation)- 받아쓰기3. Notetaking and Discussion- 요약토론4. Dicto-comp- 의미살려 받아쓰기

Shadowing (1)

Lamberta paced, auditory tracking task which involves the immediate vocalization of auditorily presented stimuli, i.e., word-for-word repetition in the same language, parrot-style, of a message presented through a headphone.

You cannot shadow what you don’t understand

Shadowing (2)

Exercise Merits & Demerits

1. Natural acquisition of bottom-up elements.2. Easy to monitor (immediate feedback)3. Good with large-sized class4. Special equipment required

Transcription (1)

문자와 음성의 결합형 종류

1. Blank filling2. Partial dictation3. Overall transcription

Transcription (2)Blank Filling

Listen to the dialogue (L&D)

Blank filling exercise

Transcription (3)Partial dictation

Listen to the passage Fill in the followings:

In America Most university students______________, in the dormitories. Dormitory life is an integral part of______________, and it is there that the best memories of university life _________.  The following story describes some of the impressions _________________ from his first days in an American dormitory.

NT & Discussion (1)

들리는 내용을 노트형식으로 정리 교사 중심의 대화식 또는 소그룹활동으로 내용토론

NT & Discussion (2)

Listen to the passage (GW) Merits & Demerits

1) No written text2) Everybody can contribute.3) Time-saving4) No localization of listening problems

Dicto-Comp (1)

받아쓰기와 작문의 중간형태 원문의 내용을 유사하게 복원 소그룹 활동

Dicto-Comp (2)

Listen to the passage(NY) Merits and Demerits

1) No written text2) Everybody can contribute.3) Localization of listening problems4) Time-consuming

Wrapping Up (1)Pre-listening

Selecting proper text Normal speed recording Background knowledge Avoid written text

Wrapping Up (2)Listening

Repetition as needed Note-taking Encourage Dot-and-Spread

Wrapping Up (3)Post-listening

Localization of problems No written text Quiz in English Final review

Part II: 영한대조분석

1) 번역문투의 문제점

2) 번역의 십계명

3) 종합논의

(1) 번역문투의 문제점

형식과 의미의 충돌 형식전달 보다는 내용전달이 우선 국어와 영어는 자연성의 기준이 다르다 자연스런 국어사용은 의미전달에 도움이 된다

(2) 번역의 십계명

1. Thou shalt avoid pronouns 2. Thou shalt avoid possessives 3. Thou shalt avoid plurals 4. Thou shalt avoid progressives 5. Thou shalt avoid non-human subject. 6. Thou shalt avoid heavy NP's 7. Thou shalt be careful with phrasal verbs. 8. Thou shalt avoid passives. 9. Thou shalt not worry about subject and its agreement.10. Thou shalt be careful with metaphors

(2.1) 단어문법적 특성

대명사 , 소유격 , 복수형 , 진행형 , 비인칭주어 사용은 국어를 어색하게 만든다 .

1. Thou shalt avoid pronouns 2. Thou shalt avoid possessives 3. Thou shalt avoid plurals 4. Thou shalt avoid progressives 5. Thou shalt avoid non-human subject.

소유격(Quirk & Greenbaum (1973) Biber (1999)

a) Possessive genitive ( 소유 )the gravity of the earth 지구의 중력

b) Genitive of origin ( 기원 , 발단 )The girl's story 아이의 이야기

c) Subjective genitive ( 주어 , 행위자 )my departure ? 나의 떠남

d) Genitives of time ( 시간 )winter's day * 겨울의 날

e) Objective genitive ( 목적어 )The invasion of Korea ? 한국의 침공

f) Descriptive genitive ( 속성 )A doctor's degree * 박사의 학위

g) Genitive of measure ( 단위 )A stone's throw * 돌의 던짐

h) Partitive genitive ( 부분 )a lump of bread * 빵의 한 덩이

i) Appositive genitive ( 동격 )the fine figure of a man* 남자의 좋은 풍채

과도한 진행형

The baby is sleeping. It is raining.

We know the problem. I understand what you said.

영어와 국어 주어비교

a) Agentive ( 행위격 )I opened the door. ( 내가 문을 열었다 .)

b) Locative ( 처격 )The factory has many problems. (? 공장이 많은 문제를 지닌다 .)

c) Instruemental ( 도구격 )The key opened the door (* 열쇠가 문을 열었

다 .)d) Objective ( 목적격 ) 이 주어가 된다 .

This book reads well. (* 이 책은 잘 읽는다 . )

(2.2) 구문법적 특성

과두명사구 사용과 구동사 직역은 국어를 어색하게 만든다 .

6. Thou shalt avoid heavy NP's

7. Thou shalt be careful with phrasal verbs.

번역예시

a) 영한번역i) Increased unemployment will lead to sagging economy.

1. 증가된 실업이 침체된 경제를 낳는다 .2. 실업이 늘면 경제가 침체된다 .

ii) Our proposal is against any sudden change.1. 우리의 제안은 어떤 급작스런 변화도 반대한다 .2. 너무 급하게 변화를 추구하지 말자고 제안한다 .

b) 국어번역 예시

i) 정부가 지원하는 사업1. The project that the government supports.2. The government supported project.

ii) 경제를 고양 시키는 정책1. Measures that boost economy.2. Economy boosting measures.

(2.3) 문장 문법적 특성

분석형 수동문 (~ 당하다 , ~ 받다 , ~ 지다 , ~되다 ) 과 어색한 주어를 피하라

8. Thou shalt avoid passives.

9. Thou shalt not worry about subject and its

agreement.

국어 문장 예시

주어가 없는 국어문장a) 저 들판에는 사슴이 뛰놀고 있을지도 모른다 .b) 그리로 가시면 안됩니다 .c) 길이 넓어서 편하군요 .d) 노인을 존경할 줄 알아야 한다 .

* 나는 피곤해서 나는 집에 있었다 .* 나는 내가 도서관에서 빌린 책을 잃어 버렸다 .

(2.4) 의미론적 특성

국어는 직유를 그리고 영어는 은유를 많이 사용한다 .

7. Thou shalt be careful with phrasal verbs.

10. Thou shalt be careful with metaphors.

영어특유의 표현

His proposal is a pill to cure the earthquake.

He is walking on a thin ice. We have a bone to pick with each other. They decided to bury the axe.--------------------------- They will look into the problem. The price is going up.

(3) Wrapping up

위의 열 가지를 어기면 어길 수록 국어를 어색하게 만든다 .

중 , 고등 교육에서 받은 직역훈련이 자연스러운 번역을 어렵게 만들 수 있다 .

Thanks!

수고하셨습니다 .

http://home.pufs.ac.kr/~yslee