Bab 5: komponen Unit SistemDiscovering Computers 2008FundamentalsFourth EditionThe Components of the System UnitThe System UnitWhat is the system unit? p. 134 Fig. 4-1NextCase that contains electronic components of the computer used to process dataThe System UnitWhat are common components inside the system unit?p. 135 Fig. 4-2NextMemoryAdapter cardsSound cardVideo cardDrive baysPoer supplyProcessorThe System UnitWhat is the motherboard?p. 136 Fig. 4-3NextMain circuit board in system unitContains expansion slots! processor chips! and memory slotsSometimes called a system boardClick to view Web Link,click Chapter 4, Click Web Linkfro left navigation, then click !otherboar"# below Chapter 4The System UnitWhat is a chip?p. 136NextSmall piece of semi"conductin# material on hich inte#rated circuits are etchedIntegrated circuits contain many microscopic pathways capable of carrying electrical currentProcessor ProcessorControlControl $nit $nitArithmeticArithmetic %o#ic $nit &A%$' %o#ic $nit &A%$'ArithmeticArithmetic %o#ic $nit &A%$' %o#ic $nit &A%$'ProcessorWhat is the central processin# unit &CP$'?p. 13$ Fig. 4-4Next(nput (nputDevices DevicesStora#e Stora#eDevices Devices)utput )utputDevices Devices(nterprets and carries out basic instructions that operate a computerMemory MemoryData Data (nformation (nformation(nstructions (nstructionsData Data(nformatio (nformation n(nstructions (nstructionsData Data(nformatio (nformation nControlControl $nit $nitControl unit directs and coordinates operations in computerArithmetic lo#ic unit (ALU) performs arithmetic, comparison, and logical operationsAlso called the processorProcessorControl UnitMemoryALUProcessorWhat is a machine cycle?p. 13% Fig. 4-5NextStep 1.Fetch Obtain program instruction or data item from memoryStep 2.Decode Translate instruction into commandsStep 4. Store Write result to memoryStep . E!ecute arry out command*our operations of the CP$ comprise a machine cycleProcessorWhat is the system cloc+?p. 13%NextPace of systemPace of system cloc+ iscloc+ is cloc+ speed cloc+ speedMost cloc+ speeds areMost cloc+ speeds are in the #i#ahert, &-.,'in the #i#ahert, &-.,' ran#e &/ -., 0 oneran#e &/ -., 0 one billion tic+s of systembillion tic+s of system cloc+ per second' cloc+ per second'Controls timin# of all computer operations-enerates re#ular electronic pulses! or tic+s! that set operatin# pace of components of system unitProcessorWhat are dual"core and multi"core processors?p. 13&NextA dual"core processor is a sin#le chip that contains toseparate processorsA multi"core processor is a chip ith to or moreseparate processors1ach processor on a dual"core2multi"core chip #enerallyruns at a sloer cloc+ speed! but increase overall performanceClick to view Web Link,click Chapter 4, Click Web Linkfro left navigation, then click !'lti-Core(roce##or#below Chapter 4 Data Representation.o do computers represent data?p. 14) Fig. 4-6Next!ecogni"e only two discrete states# on or offUse a binary system to recogni"e two statesUse $umber system with two uni%ue digits# & and ', called bits (short for binary digits)Most computers are di#italData RepresentationWhat is a byte?p. 14) Fig. 4-$Next1i#ht bits #rouped to#ether as a unitProvides enou#h different combinations of 3s and /s to represent 456 individual characters$umbersUppercase and lowercase letters(unctuation mar)sData RepresentationWhat are to popular codin# systems to represent data?p. 14) - 141 Fig. 4-%NextASC((7American Standard Code for (nformation (nterchan#e18CD(C71xtended 8inary Coded Decimal (nterchan#e CodeASCII Symbol EBCDIC00110000 0 1111000000110001 1 1111000100110010 2 1111001000110011 3 11110011Data Representation.o is a letter converted to binary form and bac+?p. 141 Fig. 4-&NextStep .The system unit con*erts the scan code for the capital letter 9 to its A+II binary code (&'&'&'&&) and stores it in memory for processing,Step 2.An electronic signal for the capital letter 9 is sent to the system unit,Step 4.After processing, the binary code for the capital letter 9 is con*erted to an image, and displayed on the output de*ice,TStep 1.The user presses the capital letter 9 (+-I.T/T )ey) on the )eyboard,MemoryWhat is memory?p. 142 Fig. 4-1)Next1lectronic components that store instructions! data! and resultsConsists of one or more chips on motherboard orother circuit board1ach byte stored in uni:ue location called an address! similar to seats in a concert hallMemory.o is memory measured?p. 142 Fig. 4-11NextTerm Abbreviation Approximate SizeKilobyte KB or K 1 thousand bytesMegabyte MB 1 million bytesGigabyte GB 1 billion bytesTerabyte TB 1 trillion bytes8y number of bytes available for stora#eMemoryWhat is random access memory &;AM'?p. 143 - 144Next9he more ;AM a9he more ;AM a computer has! thecomputer has! the faster it responds faster it respondsAlso calledAlso called main memory main memory Most ;AM isMost ;AM is volatile volatile! it is lost! it is lost hen computer