CASE 3

حجازی نرگس5 از که فوکال تشنج حال شرح با قبل 7ساله روز

است کرده مصرف .فنوباربیتالCc: از اریتماتوز 2تب پاپولر ماکولو راش و قبل روز

T=39

• LAB:• WBC:7.1 3.7• HB: 11.9 12.2• PLT: 159 132 100• EOS: 3% 1%• ESR: 15 35• CRP:3+• UC(-)• BC(-)• AST: 444 72• ALT: 394 227• ALP: 461

• PLAN • کلونازپام شروع و فنوباربیتال قطع

• از پس تب روز4قطع• از پس راشها روز2بهبود

DX

• DRESS S.

• FOLLOW UP• تب ادامه عدم• WBC:6.9• HB:12.8• PLT:376• EOS:3.4• ESR”23 CRP:NEG• ALT:14• AST:45• ALP:374

Case 4

5 month girl Cc:FTT History of 2 hospitalization for pneuminia and

FTT Bw:2700 Nw:4.5

• LAB:• Wbc 16.4 ph:7.5• Hb:9 co2:29• Plt:318 Hco3:24.6• Ur:10 SE:NL• Cr:0.3 AST:102 ALT54 ALP590• Na:134• K:3.4

• CXR: infiltration• Other lab NL• PLAN:• Ab therapy• Sweat test:• cl=65• na=55

DX

• CYSTIC FIBROSIS

• PLAN:SWEAT TEST

In the name of GOD

CASE 1

• ID: AmirHossein Rahmani• CC: Weakness • PI: A 10yrs old male presented with nausea

and headache from 1 days ago followed by walking disability and weakness. He had a history of paresthesia in distal parts of the limbs from 1 month later.

PMH

• Without a significant abnormality

Physical Examination

• Normal vital sign• Normal general examination• Normal cranial nerves• Normal sensory system• Normal DTR• Force of lower limbs• Flexor plantar reflex

Laboratory Data

• BS: 141• Urea: 36• Cr: 0.7• Na: 137• K: 4.5• Ca: 10.1• WBC: 11700 Neut: 80/ Lym: 12• RBC: 4.4 Hb: 12.6 Hct: 36.4• Plt: 323000• CPK: 248

• EEG– Showed sharp waves at occipitotemboral lobe

• Brain CT Scan: – Normal

Psychiatric consult: Conversion Disorder

Final diagnosis

Conversion disorder

CASE: 2

• ID: Saleheh Golmakani• CC: Weakness and gait disorder• PI: A 8 yrs old female presented with flue- like

syndrome from 4 days ago followed by low back pain and walking disability.

PMH

• No significant abnormality

Physical Examination

• Normal vital sign• Normal general examination• Normal cranial nerves• Sensory level at thoracolumbar area• Decrease muscular force at lower limbs• DTR of lower limbs• Plantar reflex: Babinski

Laboratory Data

• BS: 81• Urea: 40• Cr: 0.5• K: 4.2• Ca: 10.1• Mg: 2.3• U/A: Nl• RBC: 4.5/ Hb:13.5/ Hct: 39.4/ MCV: 85.8• WBC: 7700(neut: 72, lym: 20)• CSF:

• sugar: 79/ pr: 19/ LDH: 26/ chol: 0• WBC: 47 (neut:80, lym: 20)/ RBC: 0

others

• Anti- HIV: neg• Anti- HTLV1: neg• Anti ds DNA: 21• C3: 175• C4: 35• ANA: 9• RF: neg• B/C: neg• U/C: neg• CSF/C: neg

• SSEPS:– Nl

• MRI: – hyperintensity of right temporoparietal lobe and

medula at T2

Final diagnosis

Demyelinating disorder probably MS

Case Report

CASE 1

An 6 m old infant came with CC of FTT + Cough

Lab Results

• VBG: Ph =7.30• PCO2 = 13.7• HCO3 = 7.7• Urea : 19 _ Cr : 0.5• U/A : Ph = 6• U/C : Neg• B/C : Neg

Radiology

• Plenty of stones with the size of 0.5 _ 1.5mm in calises in both kidneys and nephrocalcinosis

Diagnosis

• Renal Tubular Acidosis type I (RTA I)

PrimaryIdiopathic , sporadic

FamilialAutosomal dominant

Autosomal rersessive

SecondarySjogren syndrome

Hypercalciuria

Hyperglobulinemia

Ifosfamide

Cirrhosis

Systemic lupus erythematosus (may be hypercalemic)

Sickle cell anemia ( may be hypercalemic)

Lithium carbonate

Rheumatioid arthritis

Obstructive uopathy

Renal transplantation

Diagnosis

• Type I RTA is presented with normal AG(hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis) metabolic compensation for respiratory alkalosis produces an electrolyte pattern that is identical to that seen in a normal AG acidosis thus the first step in the diagnosis of the patient with the reduced serum bicarbonate and elevated chloride concentration is to confirm that metabolic acidosis is present by measuring the blood Ph

Urine Ph

• Patient with normal renal function and normal renal acidification mechanism would develop metabolic acidosis usually have a urine Ph of 5.3 or less as ammonia (NH3) defuses into the tubular lumen it mostly combines with hydrogen ions to form ammonium (NH4+) the reduction in the free hydrogen ion concentration elevates the urine Ph depending upon the chronicity of the acidosis and the degree of hypokalemia the urine Ph may be 5.5 or higher .

• In most cases of distal RTA the urine Ph is persistently 5.5 or higher

Treatment

• The correction of the metabolic acidosis results is restoration of normal growth rates in children and also has the following benefits:

• Minimizing new stone formation and nephrocalcinosis .

• Demolishing calcium losses induced by bone buffering of some of the return acid .

• The aim of alkali therapy is to achieve a relatively normal serum bicarbonate concentration (22 to 24 meq/lit)

• Children may require as much as 4_8 meq/kg/day in divided doses because they often have a higher fix urine Ph as a result fixed bicarbonate losses are frequently higher than in adults .

• Potassium citrate alone or with sodium citrate (polycitrate) is indicated in patient with persistent hypokalemia or calcium stone disease but not in patients with the hyperKalemic form of distal RTA

CASE 2

• A 3.5 year old boy with the history of 2 times complex seizure in the last month and under the treatment with Phenobarbital which happened to appear with fever , rash and conjuctivitis and didn’t respond to antibiotic therapy

Lab Results• WBC=4.1 3.9 3.4 9.5 3.8

• Hb = 9.1 10.5 9.1 9.2 8.1

• Plt = 128 191 434 690 544

• ESR = 12 70 101

• CRP = 3+ 2+ 3+

• U/A : NL• U/C : Neg• B/C : Neg• AST = 131 41• ALT = 134 65• ALP = 649

• Echocardiography : NL

Diagnostic criterias of Kawasaki disease

Laboratory criterias

Algorithm