Instrument TransformersGeneral informations

Pstrojov transformtoryObecn informace

Instrument TransformersGeneral informations

Pstrojov transformtoryObecn informace

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Contents

1. Instrument transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22. History of IT production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33. Quality system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45. Important definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46. Design of instrument transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67. Production technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128. Testing of instrument transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139. Connecting the transformer into electric network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2010. Dangerous operation states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2211. Standardization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2312. How to order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2413. How to contact us . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Obsah

1. Pstrojov transformtory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22. Historie oboru ve firm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33. Systm jakosti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34. Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45. Dleit nzvoslov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46. Konstrukce pstrojovch transformtor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67. Vrobn technologie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128. Zkouen pstrojovch transformtor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139. Zapojen v el. stch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2010. Nebezpen stavy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2211. Standardizace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2312. Objednvn pstrojovch transformtor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2413. Kontaktn spojen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2211. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2312. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2413. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

21. Pstrojov transformtory

Rozsah elektrickch veliin v elektrizanchsoustavch je velmi rozshl, proto je nutnopizpsobovat pslun proudy a napt stan-dardnm hodnotm, kter jsou vhodn promc, jistc a regulan pstroje. Tento poa-davek je dn hledisky technickmi i ekono-mickmi. Tyto pstroje se do elektrickch ob-vod nezapojuj pmo, ale nepmo pes p-strojov transformtory (dle jen transform-tory) . Podle typu pstroje, kter bude v ob-vod na transformtor pipojen, se pak dltransformtory na mc a jistc. Na oba typymme vtinou rozdln poadavky.V nkterch ppadech mohou plnit transfor-mtory ob funkce. Transformace hodnot proud a napt nastandardn hodnoty umouje navrhovat a vy-rbt hospodrn velk srie pstroj m-cch, jistcch i regulanch. Jmenovit hodno-ty sekundrnch proud podle norem jsou 1 A,5 A, ppadn 2 A, sekundrn napt pak100V, 110V, nebo 115V a 120V pro USA, Ka-nadu a nkter dal oblasti. Pro zapojen me-zi fzi a zem v trojfzov soustav jsou jme-novit napt dlen

_3, pro pomocn (zbyt-

kov) napt 100/3, 110/3,115/3,120/3 V.Dal dleitou vlastnost pstrojovch trans-formtor je schopnost izolovat obvody vyso-kho napt od obvod nzkho napt a tmpispt k bezpenosti obsluhy. Pstroje jsoupak pehledn soustedny ve velnech mimorozvodny. Vhodn konstrukce transformtor chrnmc systmy ped inky nadproud, zkra-tovch proud nebo pept a tm kladnovlivuje spolehlivost provozu elektrickch s-t.Pklad zapojen transformtor proudu a na-pt je na obr. 1.

1. Instrument Transformers

The range of electric values in power supply sys-tems is very extensive. This is why it is necessaryto match the respective currents and voltages tothose values which shall be appropriate to theconnected measuring, protection and control in-strument. This issue results from both the techni-cal and economical points of view. Instrumentsare not connected directly into the electric circuitbut indirectly through the instrument transformers(hereinafter called transformers). Transformersare further distinguished according to the type ofinstrument which is to be connected to it, and wespeak about measuring and protective trans-formers. There are different requirements impo-sed on both of the various transformer types. Insome cases one transformer can fulfil both theprotective and measuring function. By transforming the currents and voltages to astandardized value it is possible to design andmanufacture large series of measuring, protecti-ve and control instruments in an effective andeconomic way. According to the standard the ra-ted values of secondary current have been fixedto 1 A 5A or 2A, the rated voltage values to 100 V110 V or to 115 V and 120 V in the U.S.A, Cana-da and some other regions. When connected bet-ween phase and earth in a three-phase systemthe rated voltage values are divided by

_3, and

100/3, 110/3,115/3,120/3 Volts when used for ad-ditional (residual) voltages. Another property of the instrument transformersconsists in the fact that the transformer is capa-ble of insulating the medium and low voltage cir-cuits each from the other and, in this way, to pro-vide for an increased safety level of the operatingpersonnel. Instruments connected to the transfor-mer can then be installed in a remote central con-trol room in an arranged way, outside of the swit-ching station area. The design of transformer is appropriate to provi-de for the protection of measuring systems againstovercurrent, short-circuit current or overvoltageconditions, thus influencing the reliability level ofthe power supply networks. An example of the connection of current and vol-tage transformer is shown in Fig. 1.

11..

. , , . -- . -, - (, ). , , . , , . . , . - 1 , 5 2 ; - 100 , 110 115 120 , . 3; - () - 100/3 ,110/3 , 115/5 , 120/3 . - , . , . - , - , . .1

Obr. 1 Zapojen transformtor proudu a napt v soustavFig. 1 Conecting the current and voltage transformers into the system.1

T

... transformtor neborozvodn stanice

... transformer or powersub-station

...

T

2. Historie oboru ve firm

1919 vroba pstrojovch transformtors olejovou izolac

1952 vroba prvnch pstrojovch transfor-mtor s epoxidovou izolac

1983 zaveden technologie tlakovho gelo-vn

1993 zaloen samostatn divize pstrojo-vch transformtor

1997 pesun vroby transformtor do no-vch prostor s novou vrobn a zku-ebn technologi

2002- ABB s.r.o. - org.jednotka EJF jmenov-na vedenm ABB - BA PTMV jako glo-bln dodavatel pstrojovch transfor-mtor do 40,5 kv s celosvtovou p-sobnost.

2003- ABB s.r.o. - org.jednotka EJF jmenov-na vedenm ABB - BA PTMV jako glo-bln dodavatel pstrojovch transfor-mtor a senzor do 40,5 kv s celo-svtovou psobnost.

3. Systm jakosti

Systm jakosti zahrnuje vechny oblasti divi-ze vzkum a vvoj, nkup, vrobu, prodeja sluby. ABB zskala v roce 1994 a obhjila v letech1998, 2001 a 2003 certifikaci dle ISO 9001.V souladu s politikou zlepovn ivotnhoprosted byla v roce 1998 spn zavrenacertifikace podle ISO 14001 a obhjena v ro-ce 2002. Vrobky jsou zkoueny na certifikovanch ne-zvislch pracovitch.Dal posun v kvalit byl uinn pemstnmdo novch vrobnch prostor v roce 1997, n-kupem nejnovjch technologi pro tlakovi vakuov lit a zkuebnch souprav pro vvo-jov i vrobn zkouky.

2. History of IT production

1919 start of production of instrument trans-formers with oil insulation

1952 production of instrument transformerswith epoxi insulation

1983 the technology of pressure gelatinationimplemented

1993 foundation of a division of instrumenttransformers

1997 new production plant erected, withnew production technology and tes-ting equipment

2002 CZELS was appointed as Globalfocused feeder factory (GFFF) for bothindoor and outdoor MV Instrumenttransformers up to 40,5 kV responsibility worldwide

2003 CZELS was appointed as Globalfocused feeder factory (GFFF) for bothMV Instrument transformers andsensors responsibility worldwide

3. Quality system

The quality system encompasses all the divisionalactivities, such as the research and development,purchasing, production, sales and services.In 1994 ABB was given the ISO 9001 certifi-cate which was repeatedly contested in 1998,2001 and 2003.In conformity with the environmental issuesABB succeeded in the certification accordingto ISO 14001 in 1998. Certificate was repea-tedly contested in 2002.The products have been tested by autono-mous laboratories. A new step to higher quality products occurredin 1997 through the purchase of latest techno-logy equipment for pressure and vacuum cas-ting, and the purchase of testing systems forcomprehensive testing of the products duringthe development and production period.

2.

1919

1952 -

1983

1993

1997

2002 CZEJF (GFFF) 40,5 .

2003 CZEJF (GFFF) -.

33..

-, .. -- , , , -. 1994 . , 1998, 2001,2003 . ISO 9001. - 1998 . ISO 14001. 2002 . ISO 14001. - . , - , 1997 , , - - .

Obr. 2a Certifikt ISO 9001 Fig. 2a Certificate ISO 9001 . 2 ISO 9001

Obr. 2b Certifikt ISO 14001Fig. 2b Certificate ISO 14001. 2 ISO 14001

3

4. Reference

Pstrojov transformtory jsou dodvnysamostatn nebo jako soust celk - nap.rozvd - jak na domc trh tak na exportntrhy.Mezi nejvt zakzky poslednch let pat

dodvky na atomov elektrrny Temelna Mochovce

metro v hlavnm mst projekty odsen tepelnch elektrren transitn plynovod automobilka koda VW Mlad Boleslav chemick podniky

Dodvky do zahrani probhaj adu let do ze-m celho svta. Mezi dleit pat:Abu Dhab, Alr, Bosna a Hercegovina, Bul-harsko, Bahrajn, Blorusko, Brazlie, na,Dnsko, Dubai, Egypt, Filipny, Irn, Indon-sie, Itlie, Japonsko, Jugoslvie, Jordnsko,Jihoafrick republika, Kamboda, Kazach-stn, Kuba, Kuvajt, Korea, Malajsie, Maar-sko, Malta, Nmecko, Nigrie, Nizozemsko,Omn, Peru, Polsko, Portugalsko, Rumunsko,Rusko, Singapr, Slovinsko, Slovensko, Srie,vcarsko, Thajsko, Tajwan, Turecko, Tunis,Ukrajina, USA, Vietnam.

5. Dleit nzvoslov

Pro ely sprvnho objednvn transform-tor, technickch konzultac i porozumnvzjemnch zvislost hlavnch parametrjsou v tto sti uvedeny hlavn termny a de-finice.

Pstrojov transformtor - transformtoruren k pevodu men veliiny do mcchpstroj, elektromr, ochran a jinch podob-nch zazen.Transformtor proudu - pstrojov transfor-mtor, u nho je sekundrn proud za nor-mlnch podmnek mrn primrnmu prou-du a fzov posun mezi fzory primrnhoa sekundrnho proudu se pi vhodnm zp-sobu zapojen bl nule.

Transformtor napt - pstrojov transfor-mtor, u nho je sekundrn napt za nor-mlnch podmnek mrn primrnmu napta fzov posun mezi fzory primrnho a se-kundrnho napt se pi vhodnm zpsobuzapojen bl nule.

Sekundrn vinut - vinut, na kter jsou pi-pojeny proudov nebo napov obvody m-cch pstroj, elektromr, ochran neboovldacch zazen.

Jmenovit primrn proud - hodnota primr-nho proudu, na kter je zaloena innosttransformtoru a je uvedena na ttku trans-formtoru.Jmenovit sekundrn proud - hodnota se-kundrnho proudu, na kter je zaloena in-nost transformtoru a je uvedena na ttkutransformtoru.

4. References

Instrument transformers as separate productsor as a part of higher level systems, such asthe switchboards, are delivered both to thedomestic market and to abroad. One of the largest purchase orders for pro-jects are, as follows:

instrument transformers for the Temelnand Mochovce nuclear power stations

underground transport system desulphurization of fossile heated power

stations natural gas pipeline systems koda Mlad Boleslav car manufacturer chemical plants

Since many years our products can be foundin abroad. To the most important purchasersbelong the following countries: Abu Dhabi, Alger, Bosnien and Hercegovina,Bulgaria, Bahrajn, White-Russia, Brasil, Chi-na, Danmark, Dubai, Egypt, Philippines, Iran,Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Jugoslavia, Jordan,South Africa, Cambodia, Kazachstan, Cuba,Kuwait, Korea, Malaisia, Hungary, Malta, Ger-many, Niger, Netherland, Oman, Peru, Poland,Portugal, Romania, Russia, Singapore, Slove-nia, Slovakia, Syria, Switzerland, Thailand,Turkey, Tunisia, Ukraine, U.S.A and Vietnam.

5. Important definitions

In order to make the ordering of transformerscorrectly, or to take part in discussions and tounderstand the relationship between the ma-in parameters we provide now the customerwith some main terms and definitions.

Instrument transformer a transformer in-tended to supply measuring instruments, me-ters, relays and other similar apparatus.

Current transformer an instrument trans-former in which the secondary current, in nor-mal conditions of use, is substantially propor-tional to the primary current and differs inphase from it by an angle which is approxi-mately zero for an appropriate direction of theconnections. Voltage transformer - an instrument trans-former in which the secondary voltage, in nor-mal conditions of use, is substantially propor-tional to the primary voltage and differs inphase from it by an angle which is approxi-mately zero for an appropriate direction of theconnections. Secondary winding the winding to whichthe current or voltage circuits of measuring in-struments, power consumption meters, pro-tection relays or control equipment are con-nected. Rated primary current the value of the pri-mary current on which the performance of thetransformer is based.

Rated secondary current the value of thesecondary current on which the performanceof the transformer is based.

44..

,, , , . :

VW .

. : , , ,, , , , -, , , , , ,,, , , ,, , , , ,, , , , ,, , , , , -, , , , ,, , , , ,, , , .

55..

o, .

- , , -, . - , - , . - , , - . - , - , , .

- , - . - , - .

4

Jmenovit primrn napt - hodnota pri-mrnho napt, na kter je zaloena innosttransformtoru a je uvedena na ttku trans-formtoru.Jmenovit sekundrn napt - hodnota se-kundrnho napt, na kter je zaloena in-nost transformtoru a je uvedena na ttkutransformtoru.Jmenovit pevod - pomr jmenovitho pri-mrnho proudu (napt) k jmenovitmu se-kundrnmu proudu (napt).

Skuten pevod - pomr skutenho pri-mrnho proudu (napt) ke skutenmu se-kundrnmu proudu (napt).

Chyba proudu - chyba zpsoben transfor-mtorem proudu, kter vyplv ze skutenos-ti, e skuten pevod nen roven jmenovit-mu pevodu.

Tato chyba je dna vzorcem:chyba proudu %= (Kn.Is - Ip).100 /Ipkde Kn je jmenovit pevodIp je skuten primrn proud (A)Is je skuten sekundrn proud odpovda-

jc Ip za podmnek men (A)

Chyba napt - chyba zpsoben transfor-mtorem napt, kter vyplv ze skutenos-ti, e skuten pevod nen roven jmenovit-mu pevodu.

Tato chyba je dna vzorcem chyba napt %= (Kn.Us - Up).100 /Upkde Kn je jmenovit pevodUp je skuten primrn napt (V)Us je skuten sekundrn napt odpovda-

jc Up za podmnek men (V)

Chyba hlu - fzov rozdl mezi fzory pri-mrnho a sekundrnho proudu (napt). Chy-ba se povauje za kladnou, jestlie fzor se-kundrnho proudu (napt) pedchz fzorprimrnho proudu (napt). Plat pro stdavproudy a napt se sinusovm prbhem.

Tda pesnosti - oznaen piazen transfor-mtoru, jeho chyba proudu (napt) a chybahlu nepekro dovolen hodnoty pi pede-psanch podmnkch.

Zt transformtoru proudu - impedancesekundrnho obvodu pi danm inku; b-v vyjdena jako zdnliv vkon ve VA spo-tebovan pi danm inku pi jmenovitmsekundrnm proudu.

Zt transformtoru napt - admitancesekundrnho obvodu pi danm inku; b-v vyjdena jako zdnliv vkon ve VA spo-tebovan pi danm inku pi jmenovitmsekundrnm napt.

Jmenovit zt - hodnota, ze kter jsou od-vozeny poadavky na pesnost transformto-ru.Nadproudov slo (FS) - pomr jmenovit-ho primrnho nadproudu a jmenovitho pri-

Rated primary votage the value of the pri-mary voltage on which the performance of thetransformer is based.

Rated secondary voltage the value of thesecondary voltage on which the peroforman-ce of the transformer is based, and which isstated on the nameplate of the transformer. Rated transformation ratio the ratio of therated primary current (voltage) to the rated se-condary current (voltage)

Actual transformation ratio - the ratio of theactual primary current (voltage) to the actualsecondary current (voltage).

Current error (ratio error) an error causedby the current transformer which results fromthe fact that an actual transformation ratio isnot equal to the rated transformation ratio.

The current error is given by the formula: current error %= (Kn.Is - Ip).100 /Ipwhere Kn is the rated transformation ratioIp is the actual primary current (A)Is is the actual secondary current when Ip is

flowing under the conditions of measure-ment (A)

Voltage error (ratio error) the error causedby the voltage transformer which results fromthe fact that an actual transformation ratio isnot equal to the rated transformation ratio.

The voltage error is given by the formula: voltage error %= (Kn.Us - Up).100 /UpwhereKn is the rated trasnformation ratioUp is the actual primary voltage (V)Us is the actual secondary voltage that cor-

responds with the Up primary voltage un-der the conditions of mearurement (V).

Phase displacement - the difference in pha-se between the primary and secondary cur-rents (voltages) vectors. The phase displace-ment is considered to be positive when thesecondary current (voltage) vector leads theprimary current (voltage) vector. The definitionis strictly correct for sinusoidal currents orvoltages only. Accuracy class a designation assigned toa transformer the current (voltage) error ofwhich, and the phase displecement error, re-main within specified limits under prescribedconditions of use. Burden of current transformer - the impe-dance of the secondary circuit with a specifi-ed value of power factor. The burden is usu-ally expressed as the apparent power in vol-tamperes, absorbed at a specified power fac-tor and at the rated secondary current.Burden of voltage transformer - the admit-tance of the secondary circuit with a specifi-ed value of power factor. The burden is usu-ally expressed as the apparent power in vol-tamperes, absorbed at a specified power fac-tor and at the rated secondary voltage.Rated burden the value of the burden fromwhich the accuracy requirements of the trans-former are deduced. Instrument security factor (FS) the ratiobetween the rated primary overcurrent and

- , . - , . - () (). - () (). - , , . : % = (Kn .IS - IP) . 100/IP, Kn

IP ()IS ,

IP ().

- , , .

: % = (Kn .US - UP) . 100/UP,Kn

UP ()US ,

UP ().

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mrnho proudu (m men je FS, tm vt jebezpenost zazen pi prchodu velkchnadproud nebo zkratovch proud), pro m-c transformtory proudu bv 5 ppadn10.Nadproudov initel (ALF) - pomr jmenovi-tho primrnho nadproudu pi dan pesnos-ti a jmenovitho primrnho proudu, pro jistctransformtory bv 5,10,15,20,vyjmen 30.

Celkov chyba - plat pro transformtoryproudu, je to efektivn hodnota rozdlu meziokamitmi hodnotami skutenho primrn-ho proudu a okamitmi hodnotami skuten-ho sekundrnho proudu nsoben jmenovi-tm pevodem, vyjaduje se v % efektivnhodnoty primrnho proudu.

Jmenovit primrn nadproud (IPL) - hod-nota primrnho proudu, do kter transform-tor vyhovuje poadavkm na dovolenou veli-kost celkov chyby.

Jednoplov izolovan transformtor na-pt - transformtor, jeho jeden konec pri-mrnho vinut je pln izolovn proti zemi naizolan hladinu, kter odpovd izolan hladi-n st a druh konec je uzemnn.

Dvouplov izolovan transformtor nap-t - transformtor, u nho vechny sti pri-mrnho vinut vetn svorek jsou pln izolo-vny proti zemi na izolan hladinu, kter od-povd izolan hladin st.

Jmenovit izolan hladina - kombinacehodnot napt, kter charakterizuje izolacitransformtoru z hlediska odolnosti vi elek-trickmu namhn.

Nejvy napt pro zazen (Um) - nejvyefektivn hodnota sdruenho stdavho na-pt mezi fzemi, pro kterou je transformtorkonstruovn. Tato hodnota je soust jmeno-vit izolan hladiny transformtoru (to je kom-binace hodnot napt) a nesm se zamovats jmenovitm primrnm naptm!

initel zven napt - initel, jeho souinse jmenovitm primrnm naptm dv nej-vy napt, pi nm transformtor mussplovat poadavky na oteplen po pedepsa-nou dobu a poadavky na pesnost. Chybnuren a objednn tohoto parametru memt za nsledek, e transformtor pracuje jipi malch peptch v nasycenm stavu (zakolenem magnetizan charakteristiky).

6. Konstrukce pstrojovch trans-formtor

Dlouholet zkuenosti z vlastnho vvoje, v-roby a zkouek pstrojovch transformtorumouj nabdnout irokou klu vrobk,kter zkaznkm konstrukn pln vyhovujjak pro pouit ve skovch rozvdch, takpro kobkov proveden.Veker konstrukce transformtor jsou p-

the rated primary current (for lower FS is thehigher is the equipment safety for high over-currents or short circuit currents flowingthrough it). The value of FS number for mea-suring transformers usually is 5 or 10. Accuracy limit factor (ALF) the ratio bet-ween the rated primary overcurrent at a spe-cified accuracy and the rated primary current.The value of overcurrent factor with protecti-ve transformers usually is 5, 10, 15, 20 or, ex-ceptionally, 30. Composite error applies for the currenttransformers. It is the RMS value difference ofthe instantaneous values of the primary cur-rent and the instantaneous values of the se-condary current actually flowing through thetransformer, multiplied by the rated transfor-mer ratio. It is expressed in % of the effective(rms) value of primary current.

Rated instrument limit primary current(IPL) the value of the minimum primary cur-rent up to which the transformer complieswith the requirements on permitted value ofcomposite error. Single-pole insulated voltage transformer- is a transformer one end outlet of the pri-mary winding of which is fully insulated aga-inst the earth, at an insulation level that cor-responds with the insulation level of powernetwork. The other outlet of the primary win-ding is earthed. Double-pole insulated voltage transformer is a transformer in which all the parts of theprimary winding, including the terminals, arefully insulated against the earth, at an insula-tion level that corresponds with those of thepower network. Rated insulation level a combination ofvoltage values which characterizes the insula-tion of a transformer with regard to its capa-bility to withstand dielectric stress.

Highest voltage of the equipment (Um) isthe highest rms value of phase-to-phase ACvoltage for which the transformer is designed.This voltage is a constituent part of the ratedinsulation level of the transformer (it is a com-bination of voltage values). Be sure not to ma-ke a confusion with rated primary voltage!

Voltage factor is a factor the value ofwhich, when multiplied by the rated primaryvoltage, represents the highest voltage forwhich the transformer has to comply with re-quirements on temperature rise and the accu-racy, during a prescribed time period.

6. Design of InstrumentTransformers

Our long experience gathered from our owndevelopment, production and testing of instru-ment transformers give us the possibility to of-fer the customer a broad range of productsthat comply fully with the various customer re-quirements and that can be installed both inthe panel and cubicle-type switchboards.

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vodn, vyvinut postupn podle aktulnchmezinrodnch standart. Pedevm v po-slednm obdob byla provedena inovace arozen vyrbnch ad transformtor. Pivvoji jsou vyuvny informace z pracovnchskupin IEC, dle probh spoluprce s v-zkumnmi centry technickch vysokch kolpi nvrzch novch konstrukc a v neposled-n ad je rozvinuta spoluprce v rmci firemABB po celm svt, co zaruuje aktulntechnick informace a znalost poadavk z-kaznk.Vroba transformtor v ABB je zaloena natechnologii lit z epoxidovch pryskyic, kterm v podniku 50ti letou historii.

Obr. 3 Pklad analzy elektrickch a mag-netickch pol

a) analza pole transformtoru naptb) analza povrchovch vlastnost izoltoru

venkovnho transformtoru

6.1. Transformtory proudu

Vyrbn typy transformtor proudu zahrnu-j pevn izolan hladiny od 3,6 do 40,5 kV. Transformtory jsou podprn, prchodkov,prchodkov tyov nebo vinut, nsuvn nakabel nebo speciln konstrukce (napklad navvody genertor).Zkladem rznch variant transformtor jevdy epoxidov tleso, primrn vinut, sekun-drn vinut a magnetick obvod. Konstrukcedovoluje transformtory v rozvdch mon-tovat v jakkoliv poloze, co bylo oveno iseismickmi zkoukami - viz obr. 4.

All our transformers are of company-own de-sign. During all the time the transformers ha-ve been developed conformably to the actualinternational standards. Especially during thelast period, the products have passed a peri-od of innovation, with extending the existingseries of transformer types. In the transformerdevelopment all the information gatheredfrom the IEC workgroups are implemented.There is also a close co-operation and relati-onship with research centers of technical uni-versities, resulting in the design of new pro-ducts and, last but not least, this is due to ourparticipation within the ABB Group that ope-rates worldwide and that provides us withcurrent engineering information and theknowledge of customer requirements. There is a long years tradition of manufactu-ring the transformers at ABB using the castinginto epoxi resin, with 50 years of experiencegathered at this field.

Fig. 3 Example of analysis of electric andmagnetic fields

a) analysis of field of a voltage transformerb) analysis of surface properties of an outdo-

or current transformer insulator

6.1. Current Instrument transfor-mers

The manufactured current instrument trans-formers encompass mainly the insulation levelof 3.6 kV to 40.5 kV. The transformers are ofvarious types, such as the support, bushing,bar-type bushing transformers or transfor-mers with primary winding, or transformers tobe around a cable, or transformers of a spe-cial design (e.g. transformers to be installeddirectly to the generator outlets). The basic construction part of the transformeris the epoxi body, the primary winding, se-condary winding and the magnetic circuit.The transformers may be installed in any po-sition inside the switchboard. This feature hasbeen verified by seismic testings see Fig. 4.

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Magnetick obvody jsou vyrobeny z kvalitnkemiit oceli nebo niklovch slitin, kter za-ruuj parametry pesnosti od malch prouda po tisce ampr. Magnetick obvody jsou chrnny proti me-chanickm vlivm (tlaku), co zabezpeujestabilitu poadovanch parametr.

Sekundrn vinut je provedeno rznmiprezy vodi podle velikosti jmenovithoproudu, petiitelnosti a zkratovho proudu.Po navinut je kad transformtor kontrolo-vn na pesnost, korekce jsou provdny n-kolika zpsoby.

Primrn vinut zvitovch transformtor jetvoeno pevn Cu psky, jejich kombina-ce umouje konstrukn splnit irokou kluamprzvit a tm i zkratovch proud. Pivelmi malch pevodech (na p. 10 A a 30 A)lze tmto doclit zkratovho proudu a do hod-noty 1300 nsobku proudu jmenovitho. Tytovysok parametry spojen s poadovanoupesnost nabvaj dleitosti napklad pi do-dvkch pro jadernou energetiku. Povrch pri-mrnch svorek vinutch transformtor (nipevody) je chrnn niklovnm. Pro vy pri-mrn proudy jsou pouity Cu odlitky, ktersvm tvarem pln vyhovuj optimlnmu rozlo-en elektrickho a magnetickho pole a tm ielektrickm vlastnostem. Povrch svorek provy proudy je opaten ochrannou vrstvoustbra.Pokud prchodkov transformtory nemajprimrn vodi (nsuvn typy), jsou opatenylankem pro propojen s vodiem pod nap-tm (nap. ppojnic).

Tvar epoxidovch odlitk pln respektujerozmry rozvd, pipojovac msta i poa-davky rznch norem. Transformtory jsou celoepoxidov nebo jsouodlitky namontovny na kovov desce. Se-kundrn svorkovnice je odlita z epoxidu spo-lu s transformtorem, u nkterch typ je v-vod sekundrnch vinut montovn.

Tm vechny transformtory mohou bt se-kundrn pepnateln, podprn typy takprimrn pepnateln. Kad zpsob m

Magnetic circuits are made of high quality si-licon steel or nickel compounds that providefor the accuracy parameters, starting fromsmall currents up to thousands of ampere. Magnetic circuits are protected and encap-sulated which is one of the means how toprotect them against the environmental im-pact (pressure). This also provides stability ofrequired parameters. Secondary winding is wound by using vari-ous cross-sections of wire, conformably tothe rated current values, the overload proper-ties and the short-circuit current required. Af-ter having been wound the transformer pas-ses the accuracy tests. Any nonconformitiesdiscovered are corrected by using variousmethods. The primary winding of winding-type trans-formers consists mainly of copper bandswhich in combination can be arranged in abroad number of ampere-turns and, consequ-ently, matched to a broad range of short-cir-cuit currents. Even for small transformer rati-os (e.g. for currents of 10A to 30A) short cir-cuit currents of up to 1300-times the rated va-lue can be achieved. This high performancy,along with the required accuracy, is of impor-tance especially for the nuclear technology.The surface of primary terminations of win-ding-type transformers is protected with nic-kel plating. For higher primary currents cop-per castings have been used the form ofwhich fully complies with the requirements onan optimum shape of electric and magnetic fi-eld and, consequently, the electric properties.The outer surface of terminals for higher cur-rents is coated with a silver protection layer.Bushing-type transformers without primaryconductor are provided with stranded wirethat serves as a connecting link to the prima-ry conductor (i.e. the busbar)

The shape of epoxi castings complies fullywith the switchboard dimensions, the conne-cting points and the requirements of variousnational and international standards. Thetransformer body can be designed either in anall-epoxi body or as individual casting piecesmounted to a metal plate. The secondary ter-minals are mostly shaped as one piece casttogether with the transformer in epoxi materi-al. Nearly all the transformers can include secon-dary reconnectable windings. The supporttransformer types can be reconnected on the

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Obr. 4 Podprn transformtory pi zkouceseismick odolnosti

Fig. 4 Support transformers during theseismic withstand test

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9svoje vhody. U sekundrn pepnatelnchtransformtor mus bt k danm sekundr-nm svorkm pipojena zt a zbyl volnodboky nesm bt zapojeny.Kad sekundrn vinut mus bt na jednomvvodu uzemnno. Nejsou - li zapojeny na se-kundru mc nebo jistc pstroje, je nutnospojit sekundrn svorky nakrtko a uzemnit.

Venkovn transformtory jsou odlity z ven-kovn epoxidov pryskyice, kter je odolnproti vlivu venkovnho prosted.Kryty sekundrnch svorkovnic lze u vechtransformtor zaplombovat.Osvden konstrukce transformtor i mo-dern vrobn a zkuebn zazen dvaj pi do-dren provoznch podmnek podle norem z-ruku vysok spolehlivosti a ivotnosti.

Obr. 5 Prez hlavnmi stmi transformtoruproudu

a) podprn zvitov transformtor proudub) podprn jednozvitov transformtor

proudu

1.. svorky vysokho napt2.. primrn zvity 3.. magnetick obvod4.. sekundrn vinut5.. epoxidov tleso6.. sekundrn vvody7.. zkladov deska8.. kryt sekundr pro zaplombovn vvod9.. ttek

Pro sprvn zapojen do primrnch i sekun-drnch obvod jsou nsledn uvedeny kon-strukn varianty a oznaen svorek. Oznae-n podle IEC je vtinou provedeno pmo od-litm na tlese transformtoru. Respektovnznaen podle jinch norem je mon pomocpdavnch ttk.

primary side. Both the above methods havetheir advantages. Transformers reconnectab-le on the secondary side must have a burdenconnected to the secondary terminals, with allthe other taps to be left free. One outlet for each secondary winding mustbe earthed. When no measuring or protectivedevice is connected to the secondary windingthe respective terminals have to be short-cir-cuited and earthed.

Transformers in outdoor design are made ofoutdoor epoxi resin which is capable of with-standing the environmental impact. Terminal board covers on the secondary sideof all types of transformers can be sealed. Thetransformer design, which has proven its ope-rating performances, in combination with theup-to-date production facilities and testingequipment provide for the achievement ofhigh reliability level and a long service life ofthe transformers.

Fig. 5 Sectional view of the main parts of cur-rent transformer

a) support wound primary type current trans-former

b) support single-turn type current transfor-mer

1.. medium voltage terminals2.. primary winding3.. magnetic circuit4.. secondary winding5.. epoxi body6.. secondary outlets7.. base plate8.. cover of secondary terminals, used for

outlet sealing9.. nameplate

In order to ensure a proper connection of boththe primary and secondary circuits you cansee below the various design types and mar-king of transformer terminals. The respectivemarking which complies with IEC is often for-med by casting directly onto the transformerbody. Another marking to other standardscan occur by using additional nameplates.

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Obr. 6 Oznaen vvod transformtorproudu

a) Jednojdrov provedenb) Dvoujdrov provedenc) Tjdrov provedend) Jednojdrov proveden sekundrn pep-

natelne) Dvoujdrov proveden sekundrn pep-

natelnf) Dvoujdrov proveden primrn pepna-

teln

6.2 Transformtory napt

Vyrbn typy transformtor napt zahrnujizolan hladiny od 3,6 do 40,5 kV a mohoubt pouity ve skovch rozvdch vyso-kho napt nebo v kobkovch rozvodnch. Transformtory jsou podprn, jednoplovnebo dvouplov izolovan, jsou varianty spojistkou nebo bez pojistky v primrnm ob-vod. Pojistka je vloena pmo v tlesetransformtoru a jej jmenovit proud mebt 0,3 A resp. 0,6 A (speciln pojistka protransformtory napt) nebo 2 A (pojistka pod-le IEC). Zkladem rznch variant transformtor jevdy epoxidov tleso, primrn vinut, sekun-drn vinut a magnetick obvod. Konstrukcedovoluje transformtory v rozvdch mon-tovat v jakkoliv poloze.

Magnetick obvod je vyroben z kvalitn ke-miit oceli, kter zaruuje parametry pes-nosti v celm rozsahu poadovanch napt. Magnetick obvody pevn tvaru "C" jsouchrnny proti mechanickm vlivm (tlaku),co zabezpeuje dosaen poadovanch pa-rametr.

Sekundrn cvka je sloena z jednoho a tvinut urench pro men, jitn nebo indi-kaci zemnho spojen. Po navinut jsou cvkykontrolovny na pesnost.

Primrn cvka transformtor je tvoena zCu drt, tvar a poet primrnch zvitumouje konstrukn splnit irokou klunapt a poadovanch parametr.

Fig. 6 Marking of current transformer outlets

a) Single-core designb) Double-core designc) Three-core designd) Single-core design, reconnectable on the

secondary sidee) Double-core design, reconnectable on the

secondary sidef) Double-core design, reconnectable on the

primary side

6.2 Voltage instrument transformer

Voltage transformers manufactured at ABBEJF cover the insulation level from 3.6 kV to40.5 kV. All these transformers can be instal-led in a cubicle-type or cellular-type, mediumvoltage switchboards. The transformers canbe of support type, single-pole or double-po-le insulated. Transformers can be equippedwith fuse, introduced in the primary winding,or without fuse. The fuse is installed in thetransformer body, and its rated current is 0.3A or 0.6 A (special fuse for voltage transfor-mers) or 2 A (fuse design to IEC). Basic part of any type of voltage transformeris the epoxi body, primary winding, seconda-ry winding and the magnetic circuit. Thetransformers can be mounted and installed inany position inside the switchboard cubicle.

The magnetic circuit is manufactured froma high quality silicon steel for which all the re-quired accuracy parameters in the whole ran-ge of rated voltages can be guaranteed. Mag-netic circuits mostly are of C shape, pro-tected by a lot of various methods and en-capsulated against the environmental impact(pressure). All this provides for the achieve-ment of parameters required. The secondary winding consists from one tothree windings that are used for measuring,protection purposes or earth fault indication.After having been manufactured the windingsare checked for accuracy. Primary winding consists of copper wire. Theshape and the number of primary turns is de-signed so as to meet a broad range of volta-ge values and parameters required. The ar-

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Vzjemn uspodn primrnho vinut a se-kundrnch vinut zvis na konstrukn versitransformtoru.

Tvar epoxidovch odlitk pln respektujerozmry rozvd, pipojovac msta i poa-davky rznch norem. Transformtory jsou celoepoxidov nebo jsouodlitky namontovny na kovov desce. Se-kundrn svorkovnice je odlita z epoxidu spo-lu s transformtorem nebo u nkterch typme bt vvod sekundrnch vinut monto-vn. Nkter transformtory napt mohou bt se-kundrn pepnateln pro dv hladiny pri-mrnch napt. K pslunm sekundrnmsvorkm je pipojena zt a zbyl voln od-boky nejsou zapojeny.Kad sekundrn vinut mus bt na jednomvvodu uzemnno, na rozdl od transformto-r proudu nesm bt sekundrn vinut zkrato-vno.

Venkovn transformtory jsou odlity z ven-kovn epoxidov pryskyice, kter je odolnproti vlivu venkovnho prosted.Kryty sekundrnch svorkovnic lze u vechtransformtor zaplombovat.Osvden konstrukce transformtor i mo-dern vrobn a zkuebn zazen dvaj pi do-dren provoznch podmnek podle norem z-ruku vysok spolehlivosti a ivotnosti.

Obr. 7a Prez hlavnmi stmi jednoplovizolovanho transformtoru napt

Obr. 7b Prez hlavnmi stmi dvouplovizolovanho transformtoru napt

1.. svorky vysokho napt2.. primrn cvka 3.. magnetick obvod4.. sekundrn cvka5.. epoxidov tleso6.. sekundrn vvody7.. zkladov deska8.. kryt sekundr pro zaplombovn vvod9.. ttek

rangement and position of both the primaryand secondary windings each to the other de-pends on the transformer design. The secon-dary winding can be installed from the outsi-de, around the primary winding, or in the insi-de of primary winding. The shape of the epoxi castings complieswith the switchboard dimensions, with theconnecting points and the requirements of va-rious standards. The transformer body can bedesigned either in an all-epoxi body or as cas-ting pieces mounted to a metal plate. The ter-minal board on the secondary side is shapedas one piece cast together with the transfor-mer in epoxi material. Some of the voltage transformers can be pro-vided with the possibility of reconnection onthe secondary side, with two different voltagelevels to be connected to the primary winding.The respective terminals of the secondarywinding are connected to the burden, and theremaining taps are left free. Each of the secondary windings must haveone terminal earthed. Unlike the current in-strument transformers, the secondary win-ding of voltage transformers must not beshort-circuited. Outdoor voltage transformers are made ofoutdoor epoxi resin which is capable of with-standing the environmental impact. All the protective covers of the secondary ter-minal boards can be sealed off. The transfor-mer design, which has been proven in opera-ting environment, in combination with the up-to-date production facilities and testing equ-ipment provide for the achievement of high re-liability level and a long service life of thetransformers, on condition that all the opera-ting instructions conformably to the standardshave been met.

Fig. 7a The main parts of a single-pole insula-ted voltage transformer

Fig. 7b The main parts of a double-pole in-sulated voltage transformer

1.. medium voltage terminals2.. primary coil 3.. magnetic circuit4.. secondary winding5.. epoxi body6.. secondary outlets7.. base plate8.. cover of secondary terminals, used for

outlet sealing 9.. nameplate

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Pro sprvn zapojen do primrnch i sekun-drnch obvod jsou nsledn uvedeny kon-strukn monosti a oznaen svorek. Ozna-en podle IEC je vtinou provedeno pmoodlitm na tlese transformtoru. Respektov-n znaen podle jinch norem je mon po-moc pdavnch ttk.

Obr. 8 Oznaen vvod transformtornapt

a) Jednoplov izolovan transformtor b) Jednoplov izolovan transformtor s od-

bokou c) Dvouplov izolovan transformtor d) Dvouplov izolovan transformtor s od-

bokoue) Jednoplov izolovan transformtor se

dvma sekundrnmi vinutmif) Jednoplov izolovan transformtor se

dvma sekundrnmi vinutmi, jedno po-mocn

g) Jednoplov izolovan transformtor sedvma sekundrnmi vinutmi s odboka-mi, jedno pomocn

7. Vrobn technologie

V prbhu roku 1997 byla vroba pevedenado novch vrobnch hal. Bylo zakoupeno no-v zazen pro ekologicky nezvadnou ppra-vu a zpracovn epoxidovch licch systm suzavenm okruhem, kter umouje littransformtor i epoxidovch komponenttlakovm gelovnm, za vakua i za atmosf-rickho tlaku. Cel systm ppravy epoxido-v hmoty i lit je automatizovn, zen a kon-trolovn adou idel s monost kontrolyvech vhovch, tlakovch, asovch i teplot-nch parametr v prbhu ppravy i vlastnholit. Pprava komponent i pedmix probh zavysokho vakua, co je podmnkou pro kvali-tu vroby. V databzi lze zptn analyzovatvechny parametry lit.Na lic systm navazuj sady mcch zkueb-nch zazen, na kterch se provdj komlex-n poadovan zkouky vetn specielnch.Vsledky jsou uloeny v databzi.

In order to make the connection of primaryand secondary windings properly we showthe design variations and the respective mar-king of terminal boards. The marking confor-mably to the IEC recommendations usually ismade through casting just on the transformerbody. Marking to other standards can be effected by using additional nameplates.

Fig. 8 Marking of the voltage transformeroutet

a) Single-pole insulated transformer b) Single-pole insulated transformer with a tap c) Double-pole insulated transformer d) Double-pole insulated transformer with a

tape) Single-pole insulated transformer with two

secondary windingsf) Single-pole insulated transformer with two

secondary windings, with one of which be-ing the auxiliary winding

g) Single-pole insulated transformer with twosecondary, tapped windings, with onewhich being the auxiliary winding.

7. Production technologies

During 1997 a new production has been ar-ranged with up-to-date production technolo-gies that meet the environmental require-ments on production preparation and proces-sing of epoxi casted systems operating in aclosed loop. This system operates on theprinciple of pressure gelatination, under vacu-um or atmospheric pressure, in which thecomplete transformers or its parts can be ma-nufactured from expoxi materials. The wholesystem of the epoxi resin preparation andcasting is fully automatic. The control occursby using a number of sensors, with the possi-bility of checking of all the weight, pressure,time and temperature data during the casting-in process. The preparation of compomentsand pre-mixed materials occurs under highvacuum which is one of the prerequisites fora high-quality production. All the casting pa-rameters are logged and stored in a databasefor feedback purposes. The casting system isextended with subsequent measuring andtesting equipment to perform comprehensivestandardized and special testing. Test resultsare stored in a database.

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8. Zkouen pstrojovch transformtor

Zkouky transformtor prokazuj shodus poadavky norem. Poadavky se celosvto-v principieln neli, rozdly mohou bt v po-volench hodnotch v rznch zemch (nap.zkuebn hodnoty napt pro izolan hladiny,men pesnosti, hladina stench vbo-j...). V nkterch zemch jsou poadovnydoplujc zkouky, kter nejsou soust me-zinrodnch doporuen (pesnost pi extrm-nch teplotch, prodlouen doby izolanchzkouek z 1 minuty na 5 minut...). ABB dispo-nuje nejnovjmi zkuebnmi pstroji a za-zenmi pro splnn poadavk zkaznk.

8. Testing of Instrument transformers

The purpose of the transformer testing is toconfirm the conformity of the parameters withthose stated in the standards. In principle,the requirements of various standards do notdiffer significantly. The differences, however,can be found in the permitted limit values(such as the insulation testing voltage values,testing values for accuracy measurements,the level of partial discharge tests etc.). In so-me countries additional and complementarytests are required beyond those specified inthe international requirements (such as theaccuracy at extreme temperatures, extensionof the testing time period from 1 to 5 minutesetc.). The company ABB is provided with la-test measuring equipment and instruments inorder to satisfy the customer requirements.

88..

, , . , , . , , (, , , ...). -, ( , 1 5 ....). .

Obr. 9 Pprava hmoty v mscm zazen. Fig. 9 Preparation of the material in a mixing machine . 9

Obr. 10 dc systm licho pracovit Fig. 10 Control system of casting process . 10

13

Kontrola polarity - je provdna automatickyped menm pesnosti na mstcch.

Men pesnosti - je provdno pi ped-zkoukch a po konenm odlit transform-toru (kusov zkouka). Dal men pesnosti(cejchovn td pesnosti 0,2 a 0,5) se prov-d na autorizovanm pracoviti, jeho mczazen je metrologicky vzno na metrolo-gick stav a nsledn na mezinrodn met-rologii. Tato zkouka je poadovna pro trans-formtory uren k tovn elektrick ener-gie.

Na pesnost jsou zkoueny vechny transfor-mtory a to metodou kompenzan (Schering- Alberti) nebo diferenciln metodou, kter vposlednch letech z dvod vysok pesnos-ti pevauje. Protokoly o vsledcch menmohou bt objednny a v tabulkov versi za-slny zkaznkm - viz pklad na obr. 14. Hranice td pesnosti odpovdaj tabulkmobr. 15a, b nebo graficky pro transformtoryproudu obr. 15c.

Polarity check - is carried out automaticallyprior the measurements performed on mea-suring bridges.Accuracy measurement is performed du-ring the pre-testing period and after castingthe transformer body. Additional accuracymeasurements are carried out at the calibrati-on laboratory (applies to the accuracy classesof 0.2 and 0.5) that, in respect of metrology,is linked with the Metrology Insitute and withthe international metrology institutes. Thistest is of significance for transformers to beused in power consumption measurements.

The accuracy of transformers is being verifiedat all transformers, by using either the com-pensation method of measurement (Schering- Alberti measuring bridges) or the differentialmethod the latter of which becoming more fa-vourite one due to its high accuracy achieved.Test reports in form of charts are sent to thecustomers on request example see Fig. 14. The accuracy limits correspond with the tab-les in Fig. 15a, b, or in graphical representati-on a shown in Fig. 15c (for current transfor-mers).

- .

- - . ( 0,2 0,5) , , . , . , ( -), , . - . .14. .15, . 15.

Obr. 12 Zkuebn zazen pro men pesnosti transformtorFig. 12 Set of testing equipment for transformer measurements. 12

Obr. 13 Zdroje napt pro izolan zkouky transformtorFig. 13 Voltage power supply units for insulation testing. 13

14

Obr. 14 Protokol o men pesnosti Fig. 14 Results of accuracy measurements. 14

15

Dovolen chyby v % proudu a v minutch hlu pi hodnotch prim. proudu udanch v % jmenovitho prouduError limits in per cent of current and phase displacement in angular minutes with primary current expressed in per cent of rated current % , %

Tda pesnost

accuracy class

Obr. 15a Dovolen chyby proudu a hlu pro transformtory prouduFig. 15a Limits of current and phase displacement error for current transformers. 15

Dovolen chyby mcch transformtor prouduError limits for measuring current transformers

Dovolen chyby mcch transformtor naptError limits for measuring voltage transformers

Obr. 15b Dovolen chyby napt a hlu pro transformtory naptFig. 15b Limits of voltage error and phase displacement error for voltage transformers. 15

Tda accuracy t t pesnosti class [%] [min.]

0,1 0,1 50,2 0,2 100,5 0,5 201 1 403 3

Chyba proudu pro Tp 0.2, 0.5, 1, 3Current error for classes 0.2, 0.5, 1, 3 0.2, 0.5, 1, 3

Chyba hlu v min. pro Tp 0.2, 0.5, 1Phase displacement for classes 0.2, 0.5, 1 0.2, 0.5, 1

16

Obr. 15c Hranice td pesnosti pro transformtory prouduFig. 15c Accuracy class limits for current transformers. 15

Men celkov chyby - provd se kusovnepmou metodou menm nadproudovcharakteristiky nebo-li charakteristiky na-przdno. Charakteristiku naprzdno v grafic-km vyhotoven vetn men odpor sekun-dr (viz obr. 16) je mono objednat zroves transformtorem. Dodaten men po ex-pedici u zkaznka je mon pomoc klasic-kho V-A zapojen (viz obr. 17)

Measurement of composite error is carri-ed out as test by measuring the overcurrent(or excitation curves). The excitation curve ingraphical representation, including the resultsof resistance measurement on secondarywindings (see Fig. 16) can be ordered toget-her with the transformer. There is also thepossibility of additional measurement of pro-duct already supplied to the customer, byusing the classical V-A test method (see Fig.17).

- - - - . , ,(. .16) . - - (. .17).

Obr. 16 Pklad men charakteristiky naprzdnoFig. 16 Example of excitation curve. 16

Izolan zkouky - kad transformtor jepodroben kusov izolan zkouce primrnchi sekundrnch vinut podle pedepsanchizolanch hladin. Pi zkouce izolace zvitse vyuv zven frekvence. Pokud zkaz-nk opakuje sm izolan zvitovou zkoukutransformtor proudu, je nutno sledovat zz-nam sinusovho prbhu. Pi pesycen trans-formtoru (dky nzk frekvenci) a men ne-vhodnmi mcmi pstroji me dojt k ne-sprvnmu men vrcholov hodnoty, come mt za nsledek pekroen povolenhonapt pro mezizvitovou izolaci a pokozenvinut. Toto nebezpe hroz zvlt u vtchpevod transformtor proudu pro 1A se-kundrn vstupy pi zkoukch transformto-r v rozvdch. Nesprvn zapojen se-kundrn obvody - oteven v dob zvyov-n primrnch proud - mohou mt za nsledektrval pokozen proudovch transformtor.Podobn je pi zkouce v rozvdi nebez-pen chybn zapojen (do zkratu) sekundr-nch obvod transformtor napt. Obmaporuchm lze zabrnit dodrenm doporuenz kapitoly A10 -Nebezpen stavy.Izolan zkouka atmosfrickm impulsem jevtinou zkoukou typovou a vyhovujc v-sledek lze prokzat zznamem pedepsanhoimpulsu (viz obr. 18) a nslednm menmpesnosti.

Insulation tests - each transformer passes asingle insulation test of primary and secon-dary windings conformably to the specifiedinsulation testing voltages. Inter-turn testing iscarried out with increased frequency. Whenthe customer insists on a repeated insulationinter-turn test on current transformer the cur-rent sine-curve has to be monitored. In caseof saturation of the transformer magnetic cir-cuit (due to the low testing frequency) andwhen using inappropriated measuring instru-ments the measured peak values can be af-fected by errors which can result in voltagesbeyond the limit inter-turn values and the sub-sequent breakdown of inter-turn insulation.This breakdown may arise especially withcurrent transformers having higher transfor-mer ratios, with secondary winding rated to1A, when performing the tests on transfor-mers installed in the switchboard. In case ofa faulty connection of the secondary circuits such as a open circuit of the secondary win-ding when performing start-up on the prima-ry side can result in a damage to the currenttransformer. Similar is it when performing tes-ts on voltage transformers already mounted inthe switchboard, with incorrect wiring of thesecondary winding (short-circuit). Both de-fects can be prevented by considering the re-commendations in chapter A10 Dangerousoperation states. Testing of the insulation by using impulse testvoltages is carried out mostly as a type test.Test results can be evidenced in form of therecord of the pulse curve (see Fig. 18) and thesubsequent accuracy measurement.

- - . . , . ( ) , , , . ,, 1 . , , . () . , 10 . , , , - (. .18) .

Obr. 17 Obvod pro men charakteristiky naprzdno pomoc voltmetru a amprmetruFig. 17 Wiring diagram used for the measurement of excitation curve by using V-meter and A-meter. 17

Obr. 18 Zznam impulsn vlny pi zkouce transformtoruFig. 18 Impuls wave on the transformer. 18

17

Men stench vboj - pstroje na m-en . v. na principu elektrickm a na prin-cipu akustickm dvaj pedpoklad dkladnanalzy prbhu . v. v zvislosti na piloe-nm napt a slou ke kusovm zkoukm. Kdispozici je metoda zkopsmov i iroko-psmov, vetn mstkovho zapojen. Zmen lze podit i grafick zznam.

Zkouky oteplen - Transformtory prouduvyrbn v ABB maj vtinou jmenovit trva-l tepeln proud 120% In, jen vyjmen 100%In. Odzkoueny jsou i rozen rozsahy150% In a 200% In. Pedevm u menchjmenovitch proud s ohledem na zkratovouodolnost je dimenzovn primrnch a sekun-drnch vinut dostaten i pro rozen roz-sahy.Transformtory napt (jednoplov izolova-n) jsou pevn zkoueny pi 190% Un podobu 8 hodin pi jmenovit zti. initel zv-en napt (dve initel pept) a doba trv-n pept je velmi dleit parametr s ohle-dem na oteplen a pracovn bod na magneti-zan kivce, proto je ho teba pi objednv-n specifikovat (vrobce nezn vtinou typ s-t konenho uivatele).ABB provd typov zkouky oteplen pomo-c automatick mc stedny, pklad zz-nam je na obr. 19.

Partial discharge test is conducted byusing test instruments, with operating on theelectric principle and on the accoustic prin-ciple. In this arrangement the complexity ofthe measurement can be guaranteed, depen-ding on the voltage applied. This measuringarrangement serves for partial discharge rou-tine tests. There are different measuring met-hods used the narrow band and broad bandmethod, including the bridge method

Temperature rise tests current transfor-mers manufactured at ABB comply mostlywith the rated continuous thermal current of120 % In, or exceptionally, of 100 % In. Tes-ting has been performed also on transformerswith extended thermal current rating of 150% In and 200 % In. In consideration of theshort-circuit withstand capability it is especi-ally the transformers with smaller rated cur-rents the primary and secondary windings ofwhich are dimensioned even for the extendedthermal current ratings. Voltage transformers (single-pole insulated)are tested mostly with voltages of 190 % Un,during a time period of 8 hours and with ratedburden. Voltage factor as well as the overvol-tage duration are one of the essential para-meters in respect of the temperature rise andalso the working point on the magnetizationcurve. It is therefore fundamental to specifythis voltage factor when ordering the transfor-mer (because of the fact that the manufactu-rer is mostly not informed about the networkthe transformer shall operate in, with the finalcustomer). The temperature rise tests at ABBare performed by using an automatic mea-suring system see one of the output re-cords in Fig. 19.

- (, , - ) , . ,- -,

- , , - , 120% In, - 100% In. 150% In 200% In. , . ( ), , 190% Un 8 . (, ) - , (, , ). -, - .19.

Obr. 19 Zznam prbhu zkouky oteplen transformtoru Fig. 19 Diagram of transformer temperature rise test . 19

18

Obr. 20 Zznam zkratov zkoukytransformtoru proudu

Fig. 20 Current transformer short-circuit test record

. 20 -

Zkratov zkouky transformtor proudu inapt jsou provdny na mezinrodn uzn-vanch zkratovnch. Hodnoty dosahovanchparametr Ithn jsou a 1300 nsobky jmenovi-tch proud In (u mench pevod). U vtchjmenovitch primrnch proud - na pklad2500 A je Idyn a 250 kA, co pokrv bnpoadavky odbratel. Pklady prbhzkouek je na zznamech obr. 20 a 21.

Short-circuit tests on current and voltagetransformers are performed in internationallyrecognized short-circuit testing laboratories.The Ithn parameters achieved rise up to the1300- multiple of In rated currents (with smal-ler transformer ratios). With high currenttransformers, such as the support-type trans-formers with In = 2500 A, the Idyn reaches upto 250 kA which conforms fully to the normalcustomer requirements. Examples of test cur-ves can be seen in Fig. 20 and 21.

, - . Ithn , 1300 In( ). , , 2500 Idyn 250 , . , . 20 21.

19

Obr. 21 Zznam zkratov zkouky transformtoru naptFig. 21 Voltage transformer short-circuit test record. 21

9. Zapojen v elektrickch stch

Mc a jistc pstroje se zapojuj do sekun-drnch obvod transformtor proudu z-sadn v srii, do sekundrnch obvod trans-formtor napt zsadn paraleln, jak jeznzornno na obr. 22 a 23.

Transformtory proudu se zapojuj do jednot-livch fz, transformtory napt jednoplovizolovan mezi fzi a zem, dvouplov izolo-van mezi fzemi. Nkolik pklad ukazujobr. 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29.

9. Connecting the transformerinto electric network

In principle it holds that measuring and pro-tective instruments in current transformer se-condary circuits are connected in series, involtage transformer secondary circuits areconnected in parallel - see Fig. 22 and 23.

Current transformers are wired in series in therespective phase conductor, the single-poleinsulated voltage transformers are connectedacross the line and the earth, double-pole in-sulated voltage transformers are connectedacross two lines. A few examples can be seenin figures No. 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29.

99..

- , - , .22 23.

, , - . .24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29.

Obr. 22 Zapojen pstroj a transformtoruproudu

Fig. 22 Wiring diagram of current instrumenttransformers

. 22

Obr. 23 Zapojen pstroj a transformtorunapt

Fig. 23 Wiring diagram of voltage transformers. 23

20

21

Obr. 24 / Fig. 24 / . 24 Obr. 25 / Fig. 25 / . 25

Obr. 26 / Fig. 26 / . 26 Obr. 27 / Fig. 27 / . 27

Obr. 28 / Fig. 28 / . 28 Obr. 29 / Fig. 29 / . 29

22

10. Nebezpen stavy

Zkladnm pedpokladem je nebezpenmstavm pedejt. To znamen dodret zklad-n pravidla:transformtor proudu nesm nikdy mtoteven sekundrn vinut.transformtor napt nesm nikdy mt zkra-tovan sekundrn vinut

Krom tchto nebezpench stav, skutenzaten transformtor proudu a napt mvliv i na pesnost a nsledn u transform-toru proudu na nadproudov slo nebo nad-proudov initel. Pokud si konstruktr i pro-jektant nechv rezervu v ztch a poa-duje vt zt ne bude ve skutenosti, jedsledkem nesprvn pesnost a tm i chyb-n men nebo jitn v danch obvodech. Abychom tmto stavm pedeli, je nejdlei-tj zkoukou ped uvedenm transformtordo provozu proveden kontroly zaten trans-formtor podle obr. 30 a 31.

Sekundrn svorky transformtoru se spojnakrtko, do obvodu se zaad regulan zdrojproudu a amprmetr a voltmetr pro kontroluveliin. Nastav se jmenovit proud a odetenapt. Souin je pak skuten zt transfor-mtoru vetn pvod.

10. Dangerous operation states

The basic assumption is that dangerous ope-ration states have to be prevented. This me-ans that there are some basic principles thathave to be adhered to, i.e.: current transformer is never allowed to beconnected with open secondary windingvoltage transformer is never allowed to beconnected with short-circuited secondarywinding.

In addition to the above dangerous operationstates the accuracy of the transformer, the in-strument security factor and also the ALF areaffected by the actual transformer load. If aswitchboard designer requires to have biggerburden in the project and actual burden shallbe smaller, the result is an improper accuracyand a faulty measurement or improper pro-tection of the circuits connected. In order to prevent such operation states it isessential to perform the check of transformerloads prior taking the transformer into opera-tion, conformably to the wiring diagram in Fig.30 and 31.

In this check the transformer secondary ter-minals are short-circuited and a current powersource, an A-meter and V-meter are introdu-ced in the circuit (for the measuring of res-pective quantities). Set a current of the ratedvalue to flow through the circuit and performa voltage readout. The actual load of thetransformers and its lead-ins is given by theproduct of both the current and voltage valu-es.

1100..

- . , : ..

, . , , - , . , , -, -, .30 31.

; , ; . , .

Obr. 30 Kontrola zte transformtor prouduFig. 30 Check of the current transformer load. 30

regulan zdrojpower source

23

Veden pstroj se odpoj od sekundrnchsvorek transformtoru, opt zapojme regu-lan zdroj a kontroln pstroje. Pi jmenovi-tm napt odeteme proud, souin je pakskuten zt transformtoru vetn pvo-d.Sekundrn vinut transformtoru proudu, kte-r nen vyuito (zapojeno) se mus vyzkratovata uzemnit. Pokud se jedn o sekundrn vinu-t s odbokami, je zt pipojena na pslu-nou odboku a ostatn nepouit vvody thovinut zstvaj voln!Sekundrn vinut transformtoru napt, kternen vyuito, se nesm vyzkratovat - zstvoteven - jeden vvod (svorka) se uzemn.

11. Standardizace

Pes dl odchylky v jednotlivch zemchjsou zkladnm celosvtov uznvanm doku-mentem doporuen IEC, kter se postupnpebraj do nrodnch komitt. V poslednmobdob vtina stt pebr nejnovj dopo-ruen IEC pekladem. V pracovnch skupinch IEC TC 38 (zabvaj-c se transformtory), kde jsou zastoupenihlavn vrobci pstrojovch transformtor,se postupn zavd nov systm dlen aznaen norem. Pro pehled jsou uvedeny

Disconnect the instruments from the transfor-mer secondary circuit. Introduce an adjustab-le power source and the measuring instru-ments into the secondary circuit. Perform acurrent readout at the adjusted rated voltage.The actual load of the transformer, includingits lead-ins is the product of the above volta-ge and current values. That secondary winding of a current transfor-mer which shall not be used (connected) mustbe short-circuited and earthed. If there aretaps on the secondary winding, the burden isconnected to the respective tap and othernon-used taps remain free! Secondary win-ding of a voltage transformer, which is not in-tended to be used, shall be left open (mustnot be short-circuited), with one of the termi-nals connected to the earth.

11. Standardization

Even if there are slight differences that are tobe adhered to in various countries the basicworld-wide recognized document are the IECrecommendations, subsequenly adopted bythe national committees. Currently the majo-rity of countries take over the IEC recommen-dations by making a translation of the res-pective document. In the Working Groups of IEC Technical Com-mittee No. 38 (involved in instrument transfor-mers) a new system of designation and mar-

; - . - , -. , ( ), . , - , - ! , , - - - () .

1111..

, , , -. . 38 (), - -

Obr. 31 Kontrola zte transformtor naptFig. 31 Check of the voltage transformer load . 31

regulan zdrojpower source

odpojitdisconnect

mezinrodn doporuen IEC.

IECIEC 60044-1...........1998...transformtoryprouduIEC 60044-2...........1998...transformtorynapt

Systm norem se dle dopracovv

V pracovnch skupinch IEC TC 38 pokraujeprojednvn zmny struktury norem pro p-strojov transformtory vetn obsahu (trans-formtory kapacitn, kombinovan, neinduk-tivn...)

ABB vyrb a dodv transformtory podleIEC, BS, ANSI, DIN, GOST ppadn jinchnorem. Pedevm DIN rozmry jsou univer-sln typovou adou pouitelnou v rozvd-ch na celm svt. GOST standard poadu-je vy izolan zkuebn hladiny, co je vABB oveno, certifikovno a meme p-slun typy transformtor dodvat.

12. Objednvn pstrojovchtransformtor

plnost parametr od zkaznka pi poptv-kch ppadn objednvkch je pedpokla-dem rychl reakce a krtkch dodacch ter-mn ze strany ABB. Jakkoliv dodatenzmna parametr bhem zakzky m vliv nazmnu rozmr a parametr zkladnch mate-ril - magnetickch jader, vinut...- a menegativn ovlivnit dodac termny nebo nkla-dy na vrobu transformtor.

V objednvce je nutno uvst:

pro transformtory proudu

- typ transformtoru a poet kus- jmenovit pevod, primrn a sekundrn

proudy (v ppad pepnatelnch zpsobpepnn), jmenovit zte, tdy pesnosti,nadproudov slo (transf. mc) nebo nad-proudov initel (transf. jistc) pro kad v-stup

- jmenovitou izolan hladinu (to je nejvynapt pro zazen, zkuebn napt stdava impulsn), jmenovitou frekvenci

king of standards is bein prepared and sub-sequently introduced. You can see internatio-nal recommendations IEC.

IECIEC 60044-1.........1998...current trans-formers IEC 60044-2. 1998...voltage trans-formers

The system is being complemented

In the Working Groups of IEC Technical Com-mittee No. 38 the negotiation on the modifi-cation of structure of the standards related toinstrument transformers continues (capacitivetransformers, combined transformers, non-in-ductive transformers).

The company ABB manufactures and deliverstransformers made conformably to the IEC,BS, ANSI, DIN and GOST standards, or otherstandards, if required. Especially the DINstandards and its dimensions represent anuniversal type series of transformers whichcan be utilized worldwide in switchboards.The GOST standards require a substantiallyhigher insulation testing levels. This require-ment has been verified and certified at ABB,and transformers manufactured conformablyto the enhanced requirements can be delive-red to the customers.

12. How to issue an order

One of the prerequisites for a quick responseand short delivery terms of the ABB part arethe specified parameters received from thecustomer, which are to be comprehensive toa maximum extent. Any change or modificati-on issued subsequently, during the order pro-cessing, such as the dimensions or parame-ters of basic materials, magnetic cores or win-dings, affects the delivery terms or processingcosts of the respective product.

The purchase order has to statethe following:

current transformers

- type of the transformer and number of pieces - rated transformation ratio, rated primary

and secondary currents (in case or recon-nectable windings the kind of reconnection)rated burdens instrument security factor(measuring transformer) or ALF (protectivetransformer) for each transformer outlet.

- rated insulation level (i.e. the highest opera-ting voltage of the system AC and impulsetesting voltage) rated frequency

, . .

60044-1 .......... 1998 ... 60044-2 .......... 1998 ...

38 -, , ( ,, ... )

, BS, ANSI, DIN, . DIN , . , , .

1122..

, , . - , ... - , -.

::

- -

( - ), , , (-) (- )

- ( ,- ),

24

25

- jmenovit tepeln krtkodob proud (1sec)a dynamick proud

- normu nebo pedpis, podle kterho m bttransformtor dodn

Po dohod mono tak objednat za pplatek:

- rozen proudov rozsah (150%,200%)- edn cejchovn na autorizovanm praco-

viti (pro vstupy 0,2; 0,5) pro elektrrenskmen

- men limitnch napt a proud pro jedno-tliv vstupy (magnetizan kivku)

- pejmac zkouky u vrobce- odlinosti od katalogov specifikace- dodn zkuebnch protokol v rozsahu ku-

sovch, typovch nebo pejmacch zkou-ek

Pklad objednvkyPstrojov transformtor proudu TPU 40.11 -20 kus

- 50/5/5 A, rozen rozsah ext.150%,15/15 VA, t. pesnosti 0,5 FS 5/5P10,

- Ithn = 40 kA 1sec., Idyn = 100 kA- 12/28/75 kV- IEC 60044-1- protokoly o kusov zkouce v eskm jazy-

ce- pejmac zkouky v zvod

pro transformtory napt

- typ transformtoru a poet kus- jmenovit pevod, jmenovit primrn a se-

kundrn napt, zte, tdy pesnosti projednotliv vstupy

- jmenovitou izolan hladinu (to je nejvynapt pro zazen, zkuebn napt stda-v a impulsn), jmenovitou frekvenci - pozorna zmnu jmenovitho napt a izolanhladiny!!

- initel zven napt (dve pept) a dobutrvn pept

- normu nebo pedpis, podle kterho m bttransformtor dodn

Po dohod mono tak objednat za pplatek:

- edn cejchovn na autorizovanm praco-viti (pro vstupy 0,2; 0,5) pro elektrrenskmen

- pejmac zkouky u vrobce- odlinosti od katalogov specifikace- dodn zkuebnch protokol v rozsahu ku-

sovch, typovch nebo pejmacch zkou-ek

- protokoly o kusov zkouce v eskm jazy-ce

- pejmac zkouky v zvod

- rated short-time thermal current (1 sec) anddynamic withstand current

- standard or document the transformer hasto comply with.

When agreed upon, the following can be pro-vided on surcharge:

- extended current range (150% 200 %)- calibration certificate issued by an authori-

zed certification test shop (for 0.2 and 0.5accuracy classes) used for transformers forenergy metering

- measurement of knee point for specifiedoutlets (i.e. the excitation curve)

- acceptance tests to be conducted with themanufacturers

- special parameters - test reports for routine tests, type tests or

acceptance tests.

Example of a purchase order: Instrument current transformer TPU 40.11 -20 pcs.

- 50/5/5 A, extended current range up to150%, 15/15 VA, accuracy class 0.5FS 5/5P10,

- Ithn = 40 kA/1sec. Idyn = 100 kA- 12/28/75 kV- IEC 60044-1- test reports written in English language- acceptance tests carried out at the manu-

facturers

voltage transformers

- type of the transformer and number of pie-ces

- rated transfomer ratio rated primary and se-condary voltages rated burdens accuracyclasses for the respective outlets

- rated insulation level (i.e. the highes opera-ting voltage of the system AC and impulsetesting voltage) rated frequency. Attention!Be careful not to confuse the rated voltagesand insulation levels!!).

- voltage factor and the limit time period ofovervoltage.

- standard or document the transformer hasto comply with.

When agreed upon, the following can be pro-vided on surcharge:

- calibration certificate issued by an authori-zed certification test shop (for 0.2 and 0.5accuracy classes) used for transformers forenergy metering

- acceptance tests to be conducted with themanufacturers

- special parameters- test reports for routine tests, type tests or

acceptance tests. - test reports written in English language- acceptance tests carried out at the manu-

facturers

- (1 )

- ,

:

- (150%, 200%)- , -

( - 0,2 0,5)

- ( )

- -

- -

, -

TPU 40.11 - 20.

- 50/5/5 , . 150%,15/15 , 0,5 FS 5/510

- Ithn = 40 1 , Idyn = 100 - 12/28/75 - 60044-1-

- --

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, ,

- ( , ), - !!

- -

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:

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26

Pklad objednvkyPstrojov transformtor napt TJC 4 - 3 kusy- 6000/V3//100/V3//100/3 V, mc 50VA t.

pesnosti 0,5, pomocn vinut 100VA t.pesnosti 6P

- 7,2/20/60 kV, 1,9x Un 8 hod.- IEC 60044-2- edn cejchovn mcho vinut- protokoly o kusov zkouce v eskm jazy-

ce- pejmac zkouky v zvod

13. Kontaktn spojen:

ABB s.r.o.org.jednotka EJFVdesk 117619 00 Brno, esk republikaTel.: +420 547 152 602

+420 547 152 604Fax: +420 547 152 626E-mail: milos.dvorak@cz.abb.comhttp://www.abb.com

TJC 4 - 3.- 6000/V3//100/V3//100/3 , 50

0,5; 100 6

- 7,2/20/60 , 1,9Un 8 .- 60044-2-

- --

1133..

ABB s.r.o.org.unit EJFVdesk 117619 00 Brno, Czech RepublicTel.: +420 547 152 602

+420 547 152 604Fax: +420 547 152 626E-mail: milos.dvorak@cz.abb.comhttp://www.abb.com

Example of a purchase order: Instrument voltage transformer of TJC 4 typein a quantity of 3 pieces.- 6000/V3//100/V3//100/3 V measuring win-

ding 50VA, accuracy class 0.5 auxiliary win-ding 100VA, accuracy class 6P

- 7,2/20/60 kV 1,9x Un/8 hr.- IEC 60044-2- test reports written in English language- acceptance tests carried out at the manu-

facturers

13. How to contact us:

ABB s.r.o.org.unit EJFVdesk 117619 00 Brno, Czech RepublicTel.: +420 54 7152 602

+420 54 7152 604Fax: +420 54 7152 626E-mail: milos.dvorak@cz.abb.comhttp://www.abb.com

Internet - http://www.abb.comLinks Medium Voltage Equipment Instrument Trafos & Sensors

CurrentTran

sformers

Sens

or

sVoltage

Transform

ers

Current Sensors

Voltage Sensors

Combi Sensors

Single pole VTs

Double pole VTs

Outdoor VTs

Indoor & Outdoor VTsANSI only

Indoor & Outdoor CTsANSI only

Special Application CTs

Outdoor CTs

Cable CTs

Bus CTs

Bushing CTs

Support (post) CTs

Bar primary bushing CTs

Single phase voltagetransformer which isintended to have one

end of its primarywinding directly earthed

ABB s.r.o.PPMV BrnoVdesk 117619 00 Brno, Czech RepublicTel.: +420 547 152 602

+420 547 152 604Fax: +420 547 152 626http://www.abb.com

1VLC

0005

00

Rev

2, e

n,cs

,ru 2

004.

02.1

0

Data a ilustrace v tomto katalogu nejsou zvazn.Vyhrazujeme si prvo provdt zmny obsahu z dvodutechnickho rozvoje naich produkt.

The data and ilustrations in this catalogue are not binding.We reserve the right to make changes of the content, in the course of technical development of the product.

. .