ecent developments in vegetable 2008 global reeding...
TRANSCRIPT
2008Global
Strategic Planning
www avrdc org
Abdou TenkouanoPlant Breeder & Geneticist
Regional Director for Africa @ AVRDC ‐ The World Vegetable
Center (www.avrdc.org)
Chris Ojiewo Albert Rouamba
Takemore Chagomoka Victor Afari‐Sefa
Jacqueline d’Arros Hughes
Abdou TenkouanoPlant Breeder & Geneticist
Regional Director for Africa @ AVRDC ‐ The World Vegetable
Center (www.avrdc.org)
Chris Ojiewo Albert Rouamba
Takemore Chagomoka Victor Afari‐Sefa
Jacqueline d’Arros Hughes
ecent Developments in Vegetable reeding: Promoting Vegetable Varieties r Nutrition and Income
AFSTA Congress March 8, 2012; ZanzibarAFSTA Congress March 8, 2012; Zanzibar
2008Global
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The Seed : Central Yet Peripheral
Evolving Context
Climate Uncertainty – Predictable Disasters
Demographics – Less Labor & Less Land
Markets & Trade – Beyond the Farm Gate
2008Global
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Match moral obligation for relief….
Work with relief organizations (CRS, WFP)
…with wisdom of preparedness for reoccurrence (Prevent or Preempt)
Assist to develop a network of seed stores (Seeds of Hope Not Seeds of Despair)
Assist for recovery via education & technology transfer (Community resilience)
Typology of Disasters – Aperiodical Predictability
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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Less Water – Better Practices (Efficient & Safe)
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100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280Area expansion index
Yield
expa
nsion
inde
x
ASIA
AFRICA
Water harvesting and small plots:
1mm rainfall (can’t do much under rain-fed agriculture) = 10m3/ha
= 50 barrels of 200 L (can do a lot in small plots)
2008Global
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Less people to produce food in rural areas
Urbanization & migrations
Demographics – Labor & Land
Less land per household for food production
Land tenure & use systems
Non-agricultural imperatives
2008Global
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Demographics– Who and Where Is The Farmer?
omen -75% of Work Force Urban youth – untapped labor
2008Global
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Less Land - Less Labor - Less Water
Go Vegetables !!!
2008Global
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n Communicable Diseasest-related causes : insufficient ake of fruits and vegetables…and ess intake of salt, saturated fat and
ns-fatty acids
Ds cause over 63% of all global aths annually and will cost $30 on globally to treat between now
d 2030
e health sector alone cannot vent all these premature deaths
d chronic illnesses, and the poor he world are the most nerable
Go Vegetables !!!
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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•ESEA
•Headquarters•CWANA
•RCA
•RCSA
•Oceania
RDC - The World Vegetable Centerp:\\www.avrdc.org
Pro VegR & D Center
CORAF/WECARDASARECA
CCARDESA
In Africa Since 1992
AFSTAASIESAWASA
ICRISATIITA
AfricaRiceBioversity
IcipeCABI
2008Global
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Diet Diversification (Creating Demand)
Continue to Promote
Diversity Activities:
Training in growing, processing, preserving and cooking
Home Gardens (6m x 6m):
170 to 250 kg of vegetables produced over a year
Home Gardening & Nutritional Kits
2008Global
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Building Capacity - Tanzania Agricultural Productivity Program
peri-urban youth graduated with skills in ket-attractive vegetable production by tember 2012
graduation, the trainees receive a seed kage, complemented by TAPP-supplied stical support, to start and operate their
n business
Project expected to provide “after sales” extension and business
support to the graduates
for a few production cycles before they are ready to be on their own
2008Global
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-Breeding Research (Availing Breeds & eeds to Sustain Demand)
Improved vegetable lines
Variety release (public and private)
Training: breeding, seed production, etc.
AVRDC-Taiwan
Breeding stocks, lines
Innovationplatforms
Efficient release policies
Investment in plant breeding
VarietyCommercial-ization
Additional breeding, new varieties
Income, profits
2008Global
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Vegetable Farmer (Knowledge Intensive)
Income & Nutrition (Community)
Farmer’s Voice (Consumer Market)
Seed Markets
(Formal, Informal)
PVS
Produce Markets
(Fresh, Processed)
Linkages
Variety Development
Variety Release
Reaching the End User (from the START)
rom: “Taking it to the farmers” To: “Making it with the farmers”
Innovation Systems (IAR4D)
Reaching the End ser & Making the End User Richer
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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Seed Fair – April 2011First Hort Show – December 2011
Tanzania
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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s AVRDC achieving IMPACT… in ESA?
Crop New nameTomato Tengeru 2010
DulutiAfrican nightshade Nduruma
OlevolosiAfrican eggplant DB3Ethiopian mustard Rungwe
ArumeruAmaranth Madiira 1
Madiira 2
First Official Release of Traditional African Vegetables n Tanzania - 2011
2008Global
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Crop Acc. Code Var. Name Year CountryTomato LBR 19-2 Meru 2007 Tanzania
LBR 44-2 Kiboko 2008 TanzaniaARP 367-2 Phindu 2009 MalawiLBR 11 Tengeru 2010 2011 TanzaniaLBR 6 Duluti 2011 Tanzania
Afr. N. shade SS 49 Medium leaf 2009 KenyaBG 16 Nduruma 2011 TanzaniaSS 49 Olevolosi 2011 Tanzania
Afr. eggplant DB 3 DB 3 2011 TanzaniaEth. mustard ML EM 1 Rungwe 2011 Tanzania
ST 3 Arumeru 2011 TanzaniaAmaranth UG-40 UG-40 2007 Uganda
Ex-Zim Madiira 1 2011 TanzaniaAM 38 Madiira 2 2011 Tanzania
Veg. Cowpea Tumaini Tumaini 2007 Kenya
Varieties Officially Released in the ESA Node
2008Global
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BR Tomato Varietiesgenes Ph-1, Ph-2, Ph-3 available in
vated tomato (Ph-1 useless)
‘Tengeru 2010’ (LBR-11)
DC ‘Meru’ (2007) and ‘Kiboko’ (2008) sed with Ph-3 alone
High risk that pathogen eventually overcomes Ph-3 resistance
geru 2010’ and ‘Duluti’ released in Feb 011 homozygous for Ph-2 and Ph-3
Multiple LBR genes reduce risk of resistance collapse
2008Global
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Tengeru 2010 (LBR 11) Duluti (LBR 6)
ate Blight Resistant Tomato Varieties released in Tanzania
Resistant to early and late blightHide fruits against sunscald, insect and bird damageAbout 90 t/ha
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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Late Blight Resistance Pipeline
rosses made to introgressh-4 from S. pimpinellifolium3708 into tomato
. habrochaites LA1033 is otential source of new LBR enes. Gene mapping and trogression started
S. habrochaites
2008Global
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African eggplant variety released in Tanzania
Already a popular cash crop in Tanzania
Farmers get $1,200 per ha per season
Low to high altitudeAbout 90 t/haEgg shapedSweet tastingLong harvesting period
DB 3
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Amaranth varieties released in Tanzania
Madiira 2 (AM 38)Madiira 1 (Ex-Zim)Low to medium altitudeAbout 40 t/haNarrow leavesSweet tastingLong harvesting period
Low to high altitudeAbout 40 t/haBroad leavesSweet tasting
Long harvesting period
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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African nightshade varieties released in Tanzania
Nduruma (BG16)Olevolosi (SS49) Mildly bitterLow to high altitudeAbout 50 t/haBroad leavesLong harvesting period
Sweet tasteLow to high altitude
About 50 t/haBroad leaves
Long harvesting period
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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Ethiopian mustard varieties released in Tanzania
Rungwe (ML EM 1) Arumeru (ST 3)Low to high altitudeAbout 40 t/haBroad leavesSweet tastingLong harvesting period
Low to high altitudeAbout 40 t/haBroad leaves
Nice aromaLong harvesting period
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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Mali – Seed Fair – May 2011
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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AVRDC achieving IMPACT… in WCA?
New B-Carotene Rich Tomato Varieties for Hot & Humid West Africa
First Catalog with Vegetables in Mali
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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Varieties Registered in Official Seed Catalogue of Mali (2011)Crop name Accession Code Variety nameAmaranth A2002 A2002
A2004 A2004 African eggplant Soxna Soxna
L10 L10 Okra Ganc R/08.1 Sasilon
Ganc R/CS0708 BatoumambéSafieta Safi
Onion AVON1073 LafiaAVON1074 Founou-Founou
Roselle Samandah SamandahL28 L28
Hot pepper PP0107-7058 NafamaPP9955-15 NisondiaPP0007-2244 BafarimaDemon F1 Demon F1Beibeihong 695 F1 Beibeihong 695 F1
Sweet Pepper PP0437 7065BK Poivron JanPP0437 7047-1 SéguifaPP0337 7018 Wasa
Tomato CLN2366A Bèbi yèrèyéCLN2366B KénéyaDR3 NayéliDR3-B Konica
Total number of varieties registered in Mali Official Seed Catalogue = 23
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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Tomato Varieties Registered in Official Seed Catalogue of Mali
Bèbi yèrèyéGood adaptation to hot-wet conditions; High beta carotene content
Konica (DR3-B)
eet, good hape, firm
KeneyaHigh beta carotene
Nayeli(DR3)
Firm fruits
2008Global
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rican Egg Plant & Amaranth registered in Mali
L10
Soxna
A2004
About 30 t/ha
Sudano-Sahelian Zone
High leaf yield
2008Global
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Safi
10 t/haResistant to nematodes
Sasilon
6t/haResistant to nematodesSudano-Sahel
Batoumambé
3 t/haResistant to nematodes
Okra Varieties Registered in Mali
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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Hot pepper Varieties Registered in MaliNisondia
22 t/ha, long shelf lifeNafama
/ha, R-PMV & ChMVBafarima
10t/ha, heat tolerant
Beibeihong695 F1
10 t/ha, mod R- PMV
Demon F110 t/ha, uniform shape, colourand size
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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Sweet Pepper Varieties Registered in Mali
Seguifa7 t/ha, thick flesh, good for transport
Poivron Jan7 t/ha, heat tolerant, good for transport
assa/ha, good heat erance
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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Roselle Varieties Registered in Mali
L28200 – 350 kg/haDaylength sensitive
Samandha150– 250 kg/ha
Calyx for juice, leaves and fruits for soups and sauce
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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Onion Varieties Registered in Mali
Lafia
About 25 t/haBrown/white typeFor sudano-sahel
Founou Founou
About 30t/haRed type
For sudano-sahel
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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Agricultural Fair – January 2011 - Cameroon
xpected Outcomes in 2012 and beyond – Release of 25 varieties d possible funding via USDA under McGovern Dole Food For
ducation Program (School gardens)
2008Global
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ines submitted for registration in Cameroon
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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Tomato lines awaiting registration in Cameroon
CMR 67 (CLN 1464B)
CMR 66(CLN 1464A)
- 100 t/ha, esistant to Bacterial and Fusarium Wilts
CMR 63 (CLN 1462A)
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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frican eggplant lines awaiting registration in Cameroon
CMR 469 (DB3) CMR 539 (N13)
CMR 468(AB2) CMR 544 (OFORIWA)
Vert. wiltHigh yield
Sweetg harvest
period
Res. Vert. & bact. wiltsEarly maturityLong harvest period
Vert. wiltHigh yieldet seasong harvest
period
Res. Bact. wiltmoderate yieldSweetLong harvest period
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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Amaranth lines awaiting registration in Cameroon
CMR 378 (AM NKG)
22 t/ha, large leaves, good marketabilityFor rainy season
CMR 419 (AC NL)
11 t/haProfuse branching
For rainy season
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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Hot pepper lines awaiting registration in Cameroon
11 -18 t/haRes. Bact Wilt
208 (PP 9955-15)
211 (PP 9852-173)
CMR 777 (PP 97-9195-1)
CMR 229 (PP 0237-7508)
CMR (PP0337-7562)
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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rican nightshade lines awaiting registration in Cameroon
CMR 611 (TZSMN 55-3) CMR 624 (BFS I) CMR 607 (MW 25)
CMR 604 (BG 24) CMR 602 (BG14) CMR 609 (SS 52)
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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te mallow lines awaiting registration in Cameroon
6t/haEarly maturing
6t/hamaturingg harvest
period
3t/haMedium
urity timeery slimy
4t/halate maturingVery slimy
CMR 430 (Bafia) CMR 422 (IP 2)
CMR 425 (UG) CMR 418 (AZIGA)
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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Okra line awaiting registration in Cameroon
CMR 649 (PI 496946)
Prolific fruit bearing
5t/ha
For both rainy and dry
seasons
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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Madagascar: Closed or Invited Back?
Products
(Varieties, Seeds)
Process
(RBU, InPlat, PPP, PVS)
Policy Dialogue
(Seed Act, Rel & Certif, IPR, Seed Health)
AVRDC PARTNERSSuccess is not complete without a successor
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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ome commercialized varieties in Madagascar
Pepper (PP001-66 )African
eggplant(DB3)
TomatoRaitraLBR 17)
TomatoManja
(LBR 11)
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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BSS – End-of-Project Workshop (March 2011, rusha) - To Review & Communicate
oducts – the ends from the eans
Processes – the means to the end
Outputs
ant ProductsImproved varietiesImproved seeds
olicy ProductsSeed Policy and RegulationIntellectual Property
usiness ProductsImproved Practice in Seed
DistributionBench to Bank Research
Conceptual Framework (Structures)
Hubs and SpokesRegional Breeding UnitsInnovation PlatformsProgram Advisory Committee
Operational Framework (Methods)
Participatory EvaluationEngaging the Private SectorPartnerships for ActionProgram Resources
What has been achieved
Problems and opportunities
The way forward (Recommendations and Policy Briefs)
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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d Companies Commercializing the New Varieties - 1
try Seed Company Crops
nia Alpha Seeds Nightshade, Tomato, Amaranth, African Egg Plant, Ethopian Mustard, Spider plant, cowpea, sweet and hot pepper.
nia Meru Agro Tours and Consultants
Tomato
nia Multiflower Tomato, Amaranth, African Egg plant
nia SATEC /Suba Agro Tomato, Amaranth, African eggplant, Nightshade
nia Kibo Seeds Tomato, Amaranth, Nightshade, African Egg plant.
nia, a ya
East Africa Seeds Tomato, Amaranth, Nightshade, African Egg Plant, spider plant, cowpea, sweet and hot pepper.
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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untry Seed Company Crops
a Lagrotech Nightshade.
a Simlaw Seeds Tomato, Amaranth, Nightshade, Spiderplant, Cowpea.
da Victoria Seeds Okra, Amaranth, African egg plant, Tomato, EthopianMustard, Cowpea, Nightshade Jute Mallow.
da Fica Seeds African Egg Plant, Tomato, Amaranth, Spiderplant, Nightshade, Ethopian Mustard, Cowpea.
wi Seed Co Amaranth, Tomato, nightshade, spiderplant, African eggplant, Jute Mallow.
ia Kamano Seeds Amaranth, Ethiopian Mustard, Tomato, African Egg Plant.
ia ZAMSEEDS Amaranth, African egg plant, Ethiopian Mustard, Tomato.
abwe Pristine Seeds Tomato, Amaranth, Ethopian Mustard, Sweet Pepper
d Companies Commercializing the New Varieties - 2
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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ry Seed Company Crops
mbique Dengo Seeds Tomato, Sweet and Hot Pepper
mbique Semente Perfeita Tomato, Amaranthus, Ethiopian Mustard, Sweet and Hot pepper
gascar SEEDFAS Tomato, Sweet and Hot Pepper
gascar MATAGRI Tomato
gascar SAMANA (Tropicasem) Tomato, Sweet Pepper
roon G.M.R Nightshade, Okra, Pepper, Tomato,Amaranthus
roon Semagri - Technisem Tomato, Pepper
Mali Semences(Tropicasem)
Tomato, Cabbage, Pepper, Onion, Roselle, amaranth, African eggplant, okra.
FASO KABA Okra, Tomato
d Companies Commercializing the New Varieties - 3
2008Global
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Vegetable breeding in Africa: constraints, complexity and contributions toward achieving food and nutritional securityFood security: the science, sociology and economics of food production and access to foodV. Afari-Sefa & A. Tenkouano & C. O. Ojiewo & J. D. H. Keatinge & J. d’A. HughesReceived: 4 May 2011 / Accepted: 23 November 2011
Article Details
Journal title
Food Security
Article title
Vegetable Breeding in Africa: Constraints, Complexity and Contributions Toward Achieving Food and Nutritional Security
DOI
10.1007/s12571-011-0158-8
Corresponding Author
Victor Afari-Sefa
Copyright transferred to
Springer Science + Business Media B.V. & International Society for Plant Pathology
Transferred on
Thu Nov 24 12:17:37 CET 2011
The final publication is available at www.springerlink.com“
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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VRDC Efforts Reduce R&D Risks of Seed Companies d Company Risk Possible Solutions offered by AVRDC
g lag time between D investment and ome from sales of
w varieties
•Sale of AVRDC-bred vegetable varieties for short-term income generation•Inbred lines for testcrosses, creation of company hybrids
icult access to elite etable germplasm strategic traits
•AVRDC provides diverse germplasm of key crops, resistance sources, horticultural traits, nutrition traits•AVRDC breeds for long-term, difficult traits (drought tolerance, nitrogen-use efficiency, etc.
ufficient skilled earch and marketing ff
•Company staff training of senior and junior level researchers•Protocols for disease resistance screening, marker-assisted selection, AIV seed production•Advice on breeding strategies
ess to specialized eding/seed ipment
•Assist sourcing (but not purchasing) seed extractors, packing and labeling machines, other small equipment
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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Building on crop diversity to deliver better vegetable varieties and produce for farmers and consumers:
Higher yields Better resistance to pests and
diseases More stable yields under stress
(e.g. heat, drought, flooding, salinity)
Improved high-value features(e.g. color)
Better nutritional quality (e.g. vitamin A and iron)
heme: Breeding
armers obtain varieties nd lines of major egetables that produce igh yields of nutritious nd marketable food with ess health risk and nvironmental damage
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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heme: Breedingroduct profiles: key traits required or a successful variety targeted to a egion, agro-ecosytem, and/or market egment– Resistance to pests– Quality: shape, size, color, taste– Yield targets– Purpose (local market, processing,
export)– Other requirements– Identify standard varieties in
market
larifies breeding targets and ncourages efficient exchange of ermplasm
Key Considerations
How to get technology to the growers – reaching the end
user
Turning farmers into businessmen
– profit vs subsistence
Connecting farmers to markets – profit-conscious extension
Intellectual property, regulations, and policies
– unintended vs intended effects
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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AVRDC achieving IMPACT… and being IMPACTED?
BENEFITS for
PUBLIC SECTOR
????
PROFITS For
PRIVATE SECTOR
!!!!
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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AVRDC & AFSTAVRDC at AFSTA 2011 (March 2011, Lilongwe)
FSTA at APSA 2012
VRDC at AFSTA 2012 (March 2012, Zanzibar)Recent Developments on Traits on in Vegetable Breeding: Promoting Vegetable Varieties for Nutrition and Income
“Meeting between AFSTA members and AVRDC like … APSA …funding …”
2008Global
Strategic Planning
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RICA IS HOT
IS HOT. AFRICA IS COOL.
http://moonkick.blogspot.com/2010/06/africa‐is‐hot‐africa‐is‐cool.html
but AFRICA IS COOL
(ing)
In 2012 and Beyond
Happy Celebration of the International Women Day !
2008Global
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Thank You !