elektronicke_systemy.pdf
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Elektronicke systemy
Vseobecne vlastnosti spatnej vazby
• VI - vstupna velicina
• VO - vystupna velicina
• VF - spatna vazba
• A - priamy zisk zosilnovaca
• β - cinitel spatnej vazby
A:
• bezrozmerne (VI , VO - napatia alebo prudy)
• prenosova impedancia (VO - napatie, VI - prud)
• prenosova admitancia (VO - prud, VI -napatie)
VOVI
=A
1 + βA=A
F= ACL
limA→∞
ACL =1
β
Zakladne typy spatnej vazby
1. Vstup
(a) seriova
(b) paralelna
2. Vystup
(a) napatova
(b) prudova
Napatova seriova
- napatovy zosilnovac
∆UO
∆UI= AUCL =
AU
1 + βUAU=AU
FU
ZICL =∆UI
∆II=
∆UDFU
∆ID= ZI .FU
ZOCL =∆UO
∆IO=
∆UIAUCL
∆UFAU
ZO
=ZO
FU
Prudova paralelna
-prudovy zosilnovac
∆IO∆II
= AICL =AI
1 + βIAI=AI
FI
ZICL =∆UI
∆II=
∆IDZI
∆IDFI=ZI
FI
ZOCL =∆UO
∆IO=
∆IIAIZO
∆IIAICL= ZOFI
Napatova paralelna
- prevodnik I -> U
∆UO
∆II= ZTCL =
ZT
1 + βZZT=ZT
FZ
ZICL =ZI
FZ
ZOCL =ZO
FZ
Prudova seriova
- prevodnik U -> I
GTCL =∆IO∆UI
=GT
1 + βGGT=GT
FG
ZICL = ZI .FG
ZOCL = ZO.FG
Dynamicka stabilita
- cinitel spatnej vazby je frekvencne zavisli, priamy zisk
βA(s) =βA
(τ1s+ 1).(τ2s+ 1)
- dominantny pol
τ1 � τ2
Hladame priesecnik otvorenej slusky s osou 0dB ⇒βA = 1. V tomto bode vo fazovo frekvencnej charak-teristike ziskame rezervy vo faze ΦM = 45o
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Linearne aplikacie op. zosilnovacov - VFA
1. Invertujuci
- RF ||RG aby v obydvoch vstupoch bol z hladiskajednosmerneho prudu rovnaky odpor
UO = −RF
RG.UI
Ci ≥1
2πRGfD
2. Neinvertujuci
UO =
(1 +
RF
RG
).UI
CI ≥ 1
2πfDRF
CF ≤ 1
2πRGfD
3. Diferencny zosilnovac
Uo = (U1 − U2)RF
RG
4. Pristrojovy O.Z.
I =UD
RG
U′
D = I(RG + 2R)
U′
D = UD(1 +2R
RG)
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Linearne aplikacia VFA
1. Sumator
UO = −RF
n∑i=1
Ui
Ri
2. Vytvorenie strednej hodnoty
UO = UP
(1 +
RF
RG
)UO =
1
n
n∑i=1
Ui
(1 +
RF
RG
)
3. Integrator
UO(t) = − 1
RC
ˆ t
0
Ui(t)dt+ UC(0)
TI = RC
4. Derivator
UO(t) = −RC dUi
dt
fo- frekvencia, ktoru treba potlacit
TD = RC
Uo(s) =TDs
RCCs+ 1
Rc =1
2πfoC
Regulatory
1. PI
A(s) = −R1
R(1 +
1
R1Cs) = −K
(1 +
1
TIs
)
2. PD
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A(s) = −R1 +R2
R. (1 + TDs)
TD =R1R2
R1 +R2C
3. PID
A(s) = −R1 +R2
R
(1 +
R1R2
R1 +R2C2s+
1
(R1 +R2)C1s
)
Komparatory
1. invertujuci
Uo = |Uos|sgn(Uref − UI)
2. neinvertujuci
Uo = |Uos|sgn(UI − Uref )
3. invertujuci s hysterezou
F = 1− βAUD
β =R2
R1 +R2
UH = (UOH − UOL)R2
R1 +R2
UIL = UREF .R1
R1 +R2+ UOL
R2
R1 +R2
UIH = UREFR1
R1 +R2+ UOH
R2
R1 +R2
UOH − +napajanie
UOL − −napajanie
4. neinvertujuci s hysterezou
UH = (UOH − UOL)R1
R2
UIL = UREF
(1 +
R1
R2
)− UOH
R1
R2
UIH = UREF
(1 +
R1
R2
)− UOL
R1
R2
Nelinearne aplikacie
1. Ochrana proti velkym UD
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2. Porovnanie prudov
UI = −UREFR1
R2
3. Detektor nulovej urovne
4. PWM
5. Okienkovy diskriminator
6. Astabilny multivibrator
ti = τ lnUOS − (UH/2)
UOS − (UH/2)
tm = τ lnUOS + (UH/2)
UOS − (UH/2)
7. Idealna dioda
UO =AUD
1 +AUD(UI −
UFD
AUD)
8. Presne obmedzovace
Ui > Uref Uo = Uref
Ui < Uref Uo = Ui
9. Jednocestny linearny usmernovac
Ui > 0 Uo = 0
Ui < 0 Uo = −UiR1
R2
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10. Prevodnik na absolutnu hodnotu (dvojcestny us-mernovac)
Ui > 0 Uo = Ui
Ui < 0 Uo = −Ui
11. Detektor vrcholovej hodnoty
\
Ui > Uo Uo = Ui
Ui < Uo Uo = Uc
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