1. Leadership in Confucianism Leadership in Taoism Leadership in Legalism Leadership in Strategy & Tactics Leadership in Negotiation Leadership in Perspectives 2. Human Nature (as blank page) . ( ) 3. Human Nature () () ( ) () People are all alike; it is their habits that carry them far apart. 4. Morality & Ethic Order Following the natural/moral order of the Universe Peace and harmony of human being followed by the Nature being Internalized ethics by civilized (cultivated, educated) Modeling (Programming) in advance Adopt the moral principles of the Nature (or authority figures, ) Ethical mind of Confucianism () 5. (Role Playing) & Interpersonal Relationship / / / Integrity / 6. (http://zh.wikipedia.org/) ??? 7. Ethics 1 (via Latin ethica from the Ancient Greek means "moral philosophy"), a major branch of philosophy, encompasses right conduct and good life. Broader than the common conception of analyzing right and wrong. A central aspect of ethics is "the good life", the life worth living or life that is satisfying Major problem is the discovery of the summum bonum, the greatest/highest good (Latin). The right act can be identified as the one causing the greatest good and the immoral act as the one impeding it (wikipedia) 8. Ethics 2 Defined harmonious order (codes) Meta-ethics: study of the concept of ethics Normative ethics: study of how to determine ethical values Applied ethics: study of the use ethical values Biz ethics, Bioethics, medical ethics, engineering ethics, env. Ethics, human rights, animal ethics, legal ethics, marketing ethics, legal ethics, Ethics and morals are respectively akin to theory and practice. Ethics denotes the theory of right action and the greater good, while morals indicate their practice. "Moral" has a dual meaning. The first indicates a person's comprehension of morality and his capacity to put it into practice. In this meaning, the antonym is "amoral", indicating an inability to distinguish between right and wrong. The second denotes the active practice of those values. In this sense, the antonym is "immoral", referring to actions that violate ethical principles 9. Ethics 3 Personal ethics signifies a moral code applicable to individuals, while social ethics means moral theory applied to groups. Social ethics can be synonymous with social and political philosophy, in as much as it is the foundation of a good society or state. Ethics is not limited to specific acts and defined moral codes, but encompasses the whole of moral ideals and behaviors, a person's philosophy of life 10. Ethics 4 (Normative ethics) Normative ethics: study of ethical norms, moral standards, how to judge right from wrong, good from bad, how to live moral lives, the values or beliefs in the community or society. May articulate the characters or good behaviors/habits, duties followed, consequences of actions on ourselves & others. 3 approaches as below: 1. Virtue ethicists: articulate the various virtues or good habits/behaviors, to/should be acquired such as Aristotle, 2. Deontological ethicists: set out a large framework such as Immanue Kant, 3. Consequentialists or utilitarians: as John Stuart Mill 11. () () () 12. Mindset and Behavior Yourself () Role playing upon position, time, etc. () Internal Restraints, Discipline Oneself 13. , Predictable and predefined behaviors (social norms, rites, etc.) Perceive expected and consistent (patterns) in the society (Li): propriety, ceremony, civility. 4 basic rules of human conduct: courtesy, politeness, good manners, respect (esp. reverence for age) . 14. () Mentality & Behaviors () : 15. Ethical Maturity Model Level 6 Level 5 Level 1 Level 2 Level 4 Level 3 () () 16. 17. () vs. The impartial and credible means of enforcement (independent personnel, agencies, forces, and due process, etc.) (,)() Depends upon external reinforcements , = + (positive / negative reinforcement) , , , , , ? 18. Propriety 1.conformity to established standards of good or proper behavior or manners. 2.appropriateness to the purpose or circumstances; suitability. 3.rightness or justness. 4.the proprieties, the conventional standards of proper behavior; manners: to observe the proprieties. 5.Obsolete. a property. 6.Obsolete. a peculiarity or characteristic of something. Synonyms 1. decency, modesty. See etiquette. 2. aptness, fitness, seemliness. 3. correctness The quality of being proper; appropriateness. Conformity to prevailing customs and usages. proprieties The usages and customs of polite society. correct or appropriate behavior [ant: improperness] correctness of behaviour; decency; rightness 19. Ex: International (Business) Etiquette Essence of good manners (Legitimate): Inner concern for other peoples needs and feelings Comfort, pleasing, considerate, educated/civilized, predictable, Discomfort, annoyance, unpredictable, bore, lousy, Dressed/looking, smelled, loudly, (hair, clothing, shoes, etc.) Thoughtfulness for others by self-esteem, from self-respect to mutual respect, outer expression in certain kind of acts, behaviors, dressed, by which our taste, home training, education is often judged Shell with/without nut, treating others in the way you would like to be treated; Do as you would be done by; Culture-sensitive: Meeting/greeting (what to say, when to shake hands), introducing people (when, rising, replying), invitation, in the home, table manners, (improper in the West) 20. Etiquette 1() noun 1.conventional requirements as to social behavior; proprieties of conduct as established in any class or community or for any occasion. 2.a prescribed or accepted code of usage in matters of ceremony, as at a court or in official or other formal observances. 3.the code of ethical behavior regarding professional practice or action among the members of a profession in their dealings with each other: medical etiquette. rules governing socially acceptable behavior 21. Etiquette 2(, ) 1. Etiquette, decorum, propriety imply observance of the formal requirements governing behavior in polite society. Etiquette refers to conventional forms and usages: the rules of etiquette. Decorum suggests dignity and a sense of what is becoming or appropriate for a person of good breeding: a fine sense of decorum. Propriety (usually plural) implies established conventions of morals and good taste: She never fails to observe the proprieties. n.) The practices and forms prescribed by social convention or by authority. rules for correct or polite behavior between people, or within certain professions Chinese (Simplified):,Chinese (Traditional):, 22. Just do it, but dont know why () () vs. ( - ) 23. () Self-constraints and follow the social rites; behaviors without evil 24. No Evil (Confucian Analects) See no evil; Hear no evil; Speak no evil; Act no evil. Avoid the evils in advance ( ) Build-in our habitual domain -- cultivated & civilized (good) habits. 25. Jen () is the core, which derives principles of reciprocity, trustworthiness, sincerity, etc. () Relationship between persons is based upon the principle of reciprocity fair mutual understanding (from within) () Ethics-focused: parenting (as a big family), mentoring (coaching - teaching), ethical architecture () 26. - Self-reflection, retrospective, (360o feedback) - Careful and strategic Learn from others better than what I am 27. : ?? ??? Role model, set an example, Exemplary Leadership, 28. Leadership in Confucianism (Jen, Ren) The roles you play, play them well Fundamental Relationship (Five relationships/Basic ethics): Sovereign-subject; husband-wife; parent-child; elder brother-younger brother; friend-friend 29. Leadership in Confucianism ,, (Various hypotheses) Y Theory, X Theory, and Z Theory , ,,,,,,, ,. - , ; - (General public, staff/employees, investors, etc.) Jen is the basic and necessary fundamental for a perfect virtue. Lead by morality and education with courtesy and music 30. Leadership in Confucianism , , ? ; , (execution & results) , campaign language ( ?!) 31. Ethics in Organization Individual virtue (the leaders) leads to societal virtue: school, business, government, community, etc. What are the typical components of a code of conduct? (Contextual morality) employee handbook, student handbook, citizenship, etc. High cost of low ethics: How corruption imperils our society, our history, etc. See Chapter 1 , , () , , , CEO 500 (), , , (Economist, 7/17/04) Enron (4 to 9 times of 911), Tyco, Adelphia / Rigas family, Martha Stewart / Imclone, (Sarbanes-Oxley, SECs, ISS, etc.) 32. Being Civilized, Cultivated Confucianism From animal society to human society through civilization (basic instinct) (humanity) (Gentleman) Teaching and learning () () coaching / mentoring Leader/manager as an educator (coach & mentor) The inner rationale and love of the individuals implying humanitarianism, benevolence, and philanthropy 33. Business Implications (example) (role & Responsibility) / (behaviors) (ethics) (intelligence) (commitment, trust, reliable) 34. Confucian Leadership1 Leader as educator ( vs. ) (civilized, cultivated) () vs.() !!! ( ) 35. Confucian Leadership2 (Virtues)(Languages)(Administration) (Literacy) 36. Confucian Leadership3 () 37. Confucian Leadership4 (As boss, as teacher) Self-discipline and leaders act as coach and mentor -- 38. ( ) To dwell in the wide house of the world, to stand in the correct seat of the world, and to walk in the great path of the world; when he obtains his desire for office, to practice his principles for the good of the people; and when that desire is disappointed, to practice them alone; to be above the power of riches and honors to make dissipated, of poverty and mean condition to make swerve from principle, and of power and force to make bend - these characteristics constitute the great man.' 39. 40. (,,,) 41. 1 42. 2 . --- 43. 3 Spiritual life vs. material life to focus in life () (Result-oriented) 44. 4 (profit and benefit oriented) ()() 45. Conflict of role-playing () () Role-play scenarios (noun + verb) Behavior yourself The role you play, the behavior (you are) expected 46. Confucian Perspectives1 ( () () 47. Confucian Perspectives2 Top-down or bottom-up ? vs. ? 48. Confucian Perspectives3 ( ) (vs. ) vs. big-house-and-nice-car 49. Confucian Perspectives4 , , , ( ) (Respectful, Tolerant, Reliable, diligent, beneficial, 50. Confucian Perspectives5 () 51. (Friendship) 52. () 53. 54. Walking the talking; talking the walking () (empathy, sympathy) () 55. 1 () (: ) ( ) 56. 2 () Walking before talking, 57. Learning makes difference 58. Lifelong Learning (Live & Learn) --- (Self-development vs. manage others) Mens natures are all alike; it is their learning that carries them far apart. (Never too old/late to learn) 59. / (/) 60. () 61. (/) 62. Roles and responsibilities defined clearly in the organization 63. (24/) 64. (/) (/) () 65. () 66. Critics of Confucianism 1 (/) (/) CEO vs. COO (Chief Operating Officer, SOP), (liquor and meat of peace and prosperity) (- ) ??? () ?? (? vs.!) ( / --- ) ??? () ??? 67. Critics of Confucianism 2 () () (ok) () () () () 68. () 69. Vs. ( ) Relationships: () ( ) Cases: 20 (228 ) 319() 70. URL (The links for reference): http://www.confucius2000.com/ http://www.9dog.net/7000.html http://www.west-meet-east.com/eduphilo.htm http://chinese.dsturgeon.net/text.pl?node=47084&if=gb&en=o n . 71. The Values What We Honor What values the people worship, admire? Then, we know the quality of that country. Without doubt, Confucianism is the major philosophy of Chinese society for thousand of years. 72. 73. Approaching individualism liberalism competition, check-and- balance, rationalism methodological systematic ()quantitative Max Weber: (The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism) () ( Vertical hierarchy, () Paternalistic authority, harmony, / sensitive/emotional, people > process, empirical qualitative (authoritarian personality, dogmatism, monistic, 74. Leadership in Confucianism Leadership in Taoism Leadership in Legalism Leadership in Stratagem Leadership in Negotiation (Major schools) Leadership in Perspectives