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2-5 -1 -2 (10 )-3 (2816 )-4 -5 -6 -7 -8 (Parity Check)-9 -10 1.0 ~ 910 2.10 3. 0, () n4 n3 n2 n1 n0 n-1 n-2 n-3 . .

592.110 = + 20 + 9 + 0.5 500 + 90 + 2 + 0.12-5 n ()1. : n2.:0, 1, 2., n-1 ( n )3. : n , 0 4., 5.: 98765.4321 10 10111.10012 n4 n3 n2 n1 n0 n-1 n-2 n-3 . .

129.510 = 100 + 20 + 9 + 0.5 =1102 +2101 + 9100 +510-1100 + 20 + 9 + 0.52-5 2 8 10 16

2-5 2-5

1. 2. 3. 6 610 15 11112 178 1510 F16, 2-5 0 101001101,

(10 )210 .5656 = (111000)2 00000000001110002-5 1.?(A) (318.4)9 (B) (11001.111)2 (C) (CDC.DEC)16 (D) (525.3)5 : (A) (D) (B) (C) (D) 5, 5 2.(A) (2266)4 (B) (NBA)16 (C) VB &119 (D) 1000 (1000)2 (E) (1,234)10 : (A) 4 6 (B) 16 N (C) &119, &8, 9 (D) 10100021000,(E) (1,234)10, , 2-5 210 : 10 129.510 = 100 + 20 + 9 + 0.5= 1 102 +2101 + 9100 +510-1( 1011.01)2 =3 2 1 0 -1 -2123+121+120+12-2= 8+ 2+ 1+ 0.25= 11.252 1 0 -1 2-5 ( 123.46)8 = 2 1 0 -1 -2182+281+380+48-1= 64+ 16+ 3+ 0.5= 83.59375+68-2+ 0.0937513F.C16=( )101162+ 3161+ 15160+ 1216-1= 319.7510== 256+ 48+ 15+ 0.752 1 0-1210 2-5 10. (110 )X = (56)10 X : 1 X2 1 X1 0 X0 56 X 7 -8 ()( X 8 ) (X 7) 0 X 7 (1 1 0 )X = (56)102 1 0 X2 X1 56 02-5 310 (115.375)10 = ( )21152572. . . . 128. . . . 1214. . . . 027. . . . 023. . . . 121. . . . 11110011.0.3752220.7501 .501 .00112-5

16

161 5 0254.0 0

16310 2-5 2-5 164.687510 ( 244.54 ) 8310 1648208. . . . 4 2. . . . 416480.687580.6875885.50004 .01. (123)8 5 ( )5 : 1 82 2 81 3 80 83(123)8 = ( )52 1 0 835165. . . . 33. . . . 1313310 2-5 (2816 )

000= 0001= 1010= 2111= 7,2 1 02-5

101112131415000= 0000= 1001= 2111= 15,0101100= 803 2 1 0 F111= 140E2-5 (2816 )

1. 2.

2-5 (2816 ) : (24635)8 = ( )2 2 = 4 = 6 = 3 =

1 0 2 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 21 1 20

0 5 =

1 0 1 210100110.0111012-5 (2816 ) : (1DBD8)16 = ( )2 1 = D16 = B16 = D16 = 1 2 13 11

000 8 = 1000 2111011011.11011000 = 1101 = 1011

= 1101

13

2-5 (2816 )1101011.11 2= ( )800(1) (2) (3) (4)(1). 22 + 0 + 20 =(3). 22+21+0 = 6153. 620 = 121 + 20 =2 1 02 1 02 1 02 1 05(2).(4).03 : 2-5 (2816 )( A ) 1. (11010011)2 (00111010)2 16 (A) (10D)16 (B) (69)16 (C) (FC)16 (D) : 1101001100111010+ : 1011000011000011018+4+1 = 133 2 1 0= D1601 : 10D162-5 (2816 ).

2-5 (2816 )2-5 ( B ).(136)8 (A)4A16 (B)5E16 (C)6C16 (D)70161368= , 00101111020010111102= 5 E1622+20=523+22+21 = 14 = E2-5 ( B ).(136)8 (A)4A16 (B)5E16 (C)6C16 (D)70161368= , 1 82 +381 + 680 =9410 = 5 E16941094165 .. 14= 5 E162. 8 654.248 (A) 1AC.416 (B) 1AC.516 (C) 1AD.516 (D) 1AB.416654.248 = 6 =

1 1 0 2 5 =

1 0 1 2 4 =

1 0 0 2 2 = 1 0 2

0 4 =

1 0 0 2( 110101100.010100 )2 = 10102 = 8+2 = 10 = A161 = 11100 =3 2 1 03 2 1 08 +4 = 12 = C160101 =3 2 1 04 +1 = 5 ( 1AC. 5 )16 2-5 (2816 ) : 1.2 (11.1)2 (11.1)2 (11.1)2 2 (A) (1100.01)2 (B) (1110.01)2 (C) (11000.1)2 (D) (11100.1)2

2-5 1.00011

2-5 01201001101 ,

(10 )210

2-5

2-5 : 16.8 : 1.68 E+1. ( ), A : 01000001ASCII BCDEBCDICUnicode BIG5() BIG5CCCII

2-5 . ( )

2-5 . ( )(1). byte 1 2bytes 2 * 8 =16 2*2*2*....*2= 65,5361622-5 1. n 2n 2 A0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 B0 1 0 0 0 0 1 01 * 8 =8 2*2*2*....*2= 2568 2 1. 2 bytes,

28=16 2n = 216 = 65536 65536 2. 255 ,

8 2n 255 256 = 28 n=82-5 . ( )

: 26 2 +10 = 6262 < 26 6

: 1000-(-1000)+1 = 20012001 < 211 = 2048 11 2-5 3.4.

2ASCII 2-5 ASCII 10 16 0010000032200001100004830A010000016541a0110000197614ASCII 2-5 5. ASCII < 0 < 1.< 9 < A< B< Z < a < b .< z

: A=010000012= 26+20 = 65A , P 16-1= 1565+15=80 P ASCII : 801.2-5 A ASCII 41, Z ASCII (A)01000001 (B)01010011 (C)01011010 (D)01100001 (C) 01011010

4116 = 010000012 26-1 = 2510 = 000110012 25

010000012 + 000110012 = 010110102

2-5 (1). = BIG-5 2 Bytes 16bit216 65536 (2). ( ) 2-5 1. ()2. ()

(3). CISCII 2 Bytes CCCII 3 BytesBig-5 CISCII2-5

6UNICODE(). UNICODE (). (). 2 bytes 65,5362167EBCDIC(1). 1 byte25628(2). IBM UNIVAC 2-5 (). Unicode (1) (2) Unicode(3) (4) (5) BIG5 162 bytes

GB

CISCII , 2 Bytes

CCCII 243 bytes2-5 2-5 ( ) 1. (Unicode)(A)2 (B)8 (C)16 (D)32

( ) 2. Unicode(A)Unicode (B) (C)Unicode (D)16

( ) 3. EBCDIC X UNICODE()Y X+Y (A)24 (B)32 (C)36 (D)64. 24*24 24 * 24bit /8bit = 72 Bytes

.

. Windows TTF True Type Font () 1 1 bit2-5 1.1.2 MBytes 64 64 Icon (A) 500 (B) 1000 (C) 2000 (D) 3000 : 1.2 1024 1024 8 (64 64 ) = 1622457.62-5 2. 24*24 (A) 16 Bytes (B) 32 Bytes (C) 64 Bytes (D) 72 Bytes

: 1 1 bit24 24 8 = 72 bytes (D)2-5 Parity Check 1. (1 ) 2. 1 1, 1 , , PARITY ERROR (Parity bit)

2-5 0100000111

11

2-5 1. (A) 011010000 (B) 101101101 (C) 010101010 (D) 101010100

: (A) 011010000 3 1(B) 101101101 6 1 (C) 010101010 4 1(D) 101010100 4 12-5 Hamming Code r n

2 ( 1,2,4,8.) 1010101001 : ( )123456789101112131410101010012-5 ( Cyclic Redundancy Check Code )CRC CRC , CRC CRC . (2).CRC .2-5 1. (A) 011010000 (B) 101101101 (C) 010101010 (D) 101010100

: (A) 011010000 3 1(B) 101101101 6 1 (C) 010101010 4 1(D) 101010100 4 12-5 2-5 (1). byte 2 4bytes (2). 2bytes16 bits 16 65,536216 0 ~ 65,5352 * 8 =16 2*2*2*....*2=65536162 16

216=26210= 64 1024 =6553665536 2 = 32768-32768-1032767- 32768 = -215= - 216-132767 = 32768-1= 215-1 = 216-1-1 - 216-1 ~ 216-1-1 2-5 n -32768-1032767 - 216-1 ~ 216-1-1 16 - 2n-1 ~ 2n-1 - 1 2-5 2-5 1. 1Byte (8bits)

2. 18 23102310= 10111200010111 16 ()

216=26210= 64 1024 =65536012365536-1 = 65535.........655352-5 0 ~ 655353. n 0(2n 1 )2-5 ( ) 1. 8 56 (A)10111000 (B)11001000 (C)00111000 (D)00101000

56 = 1110002 562282. . . . 014. . . . 02 7. . . . 023. . . . 121. . . . 1= 0011100022-5 1. 2Bytes ( 16bits ) 1bit 01 S (Sign bit)

2. (1). 2Bytes 2310 + 2310= 101112 23

0000000000010111 02-5 2. (2). 2s (3). 2 1s 2 1 0 0 1 2s ( 1s), 1 000010012 1s 111101102 000010012 2s (111101102 + 1)111101112

RRs (R - 1 ) s 0 ,1 2s 1s N N s (N-1)s 2-5 N ( ) -- 10

(1). 10s 9s (2). 3 10 s

3 10 s 3 + ? 10 3+7=10 3 10 s 7 10 + (-7 ) = 3(3). 3 9 s

3 9 s 3 + ? 9 3 + 6 = 9 3 9 s 6 9 + (-6 ) = 3(2). 3 , 10s 9s (3). 3 , 10s 9s 2-5 36 10 s 9 s 3 10 s 7 3 9 s 6 7 - 6 = 1 3 10 s 3 9 s = 1 36 9 s 99 36 = 63 36 9 s 63 63 + 1 = 64 36 10 s 64 , 10s9s1N Ns - (N-1)s = 12-5 987 9S ? :

999 987 = 12

1002 10S :

10000 1002 = 8998 9999 -1002=8997 8997 + 1 = 89982-5

25 3 = 25 + ( - 3 )

, , 2 s 2-5 1.( )(A)167 9 832 (B)168 10 832 (C) 1001 2 0110 (D)1001 1 0110 :(A).167 9

(B).168 10

(C).1001 2

100110 + 1= 0111(D).1001 1

102-5 1s0 , 1

1 + 0 = 10 + 1 = 11 1 s 0 0 1 s 1 : 3 + 7 =10 3 10 s 7 1s 0 1 1 0

2s 1s + 1

2-5 1001110010001101 1s 0110001101110010 1001110010001101 1s ?

1s 2-5 2s 1s1s , 1, 2S 1001110010001101 2s 0110001101110010 + 1 = 0110001101110011

2s 2-5 1. (3C)16 2 , 2 ( 2 ) :(3C)16 = 001111002

3 = 1100C = 12

= 11000011110021S11000011+100100011 : 1100010022-5 2B162,2s( 2 ) 2B16 =1010112 = 001010112 00101011 1s 11010100 + 1 2s 11010101 : 11010101( )2.2B,16 : (A) E4 (B) E5 (C)D5 (D) B1

2-5 4 5 (A)1010 (B)1101 (C)1100 (D)1011

4 5 =1012-5 : 1011

=01012

2-5 ( ) 3. (A).167 9 832 (B).168 10 832 (C).1001 2 0110 (D).42S, -8 ~ +7(A) 999 167 = 832 (B) 1000 168 = 832(C) 1001 0110+1=0111(D) - 24-1~ 24-1 -1 = - 8 ~ 72-5 ( )4.8 29 2s

(1) 2910= 111012( 8 )= 00011101210111000(2) -29 29 2910 = 000111012 1s = 111 00 0102 + 12s = 111000 112-29 111000112

110001112-5 ( )5. 2bytes 23 2s (1) 2310= 101112(16)

= 000000000001011120111010000000000(2) -23 23 2310 = 00000000000101112 1s = 111 11 111 111010002 + 12s = 11111111111 01 0012-23 1111111111101001211001011111111112-5 n 1 1. 1 0 0 1 2. 100000000+0111111110 01 byte255

1s2-5 1. 1s 1s + 1 = 2s 2. 2 0 2s , 1bytes 256

2-5 n 2 2-5 n

n

1S:( - 2n-1 + 1 ) ~ ( 2n-1 1 )

2S:( - 2n-1 ) ~ ( 2n-1 1 )

00000000 = 011111111= 0 00000000 = 011111111= 1 2-5 ( )1. 16 1 (A)3276732767(B)32767 32768 (C)3276832767(D)3276832768216 2 =32768 32767 32768 1 = 32767 (+0 -0 , )-32767-1032767 32768 32768 1 = 32767 ( 0 ~ 32767)( )2.2bytes (A)32767 (B)32768(C)65535(D)65536216 = 6553665536-1 = 65535 ( 0 ~ 65535 )2-5 2-5 1. (1).(2).

2. 10 (1).2()(2).a. b.2 c.2

2-5 3. 2 2 10 (1).() 0 1(2).0 10 (3).1a.2b.10c.

2-5 2Bytes 2S (0000000000010111)2 (1111111111101001)2 10

(1). (0000000000010111)2 0 10111 = 24+22+21+20= 23(2). (1111111111101001)2 1 2s 1111111111101001 2 1s 0000000000010110 2 (0000000000010111 )2 +1101112 = 24+22+21+20= 23 (1111111111101001)2 -23 232s ( )1. 8 2's (11101000)2

( 11101000 )2 2S , 10 , 1110100021s 000101112+ 12s00011000000110004 3 2 1 0= 242+ 23= 24 : 242-5 2-5 2816 10 2 2 1 8 8 1 16 16 12. 10 3.

2-5 ( A ) 1.8 2's 1010 1410 = (A) 111111002 (B) 000001002 (C) 111111012 (D) 111110112 0000101014= 1110+ 1111001000111 , : 4 11111100 2S, 000010= 10100000-14 14 001011112S = 111A( ) 2.82 68 , (A) 00000010 (B) 11111101 (C ) 11111110 (D) 11111100

000001102 1111100028 = 0000100021s 111101112+ 12S0001111120111111121s 000000012+ 12S010000002 : 26 8 = 6 + ( 8 ) 2S2-5 1. 12K , 000H, ?:000H H 1612K =000H = (0000)16121024 = 1228810 =(3000)16000016 + 300016 1= 2FFF16 = + - 1 :12*1024=3*22*210= 3*(212) = 3* (24)*32-5 2.86FBH96FAH, KB ?: X KB 86FBH =86FB16= 1000011011111011296FAH =96FA16= 1001011011111010210010110111110102 10000110111110112 + 1 10010110111110102 10000110111110112 + 12 = 00010000000000002212 Bytes= 212 Bytes= 22210 Bytes= 4 KB2-5 86FBH + X -1 = 96FAH X = 96FAH 86FBH + 1 2.Instruction SetInstruction (4)10 Program Counter(400000)16 (10)10 (A) (40000A)16 (B) (400010)16 (C) (400028)16 (D) (40003B)16 : 4 10 = 40= ( 28 )16 (400000)16 ( 28 )16 (400028)16 (C)2-5 91A, 8,7010, ? : 8 , : 1234567870107011701270137014701570167017 = 7010 + 8 1 = 7017 = + - 12-5 60001624K=24*1024=2457610=600016 24K , 0000H, ?: 24 K=622210=6212=6 (24)3 = (6000)16 : 212=(24)3 000016 + 600016 1 = 5FFF16 = 5FFFH2-5 2-5

Floating Point Representation -32700 0.00213 -3.27e4 -3.27 10 4 = -32700 2.13e-3 2.13 10 -3 = 0.002132-5 1.2.IEEE4 10 18+127,23 0 31230 2-5 IEEE/3264

2-5 IEEE 1.***2e *** e 0 1 ,127 *** 23 31230 2-5 1.10110.1012IEEE

10110.1012=1.0110101224 0 4+127=13110= 100000112 0110101 ,160 23

01 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0010000011011010100000000000000002-5

2-5 THANK YOU

0

10

12 2 2 2 2 = 2 L L 2-5 3. 3

2-5 1. 0 12. 00000000+0 1000000000 1 byte28= 256 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2-5 1. 0 12. 256-1=255 ( 0 )256 2 = 128 (, ) 1 byte,128, 128 00000000 +010000000 0

2-5 8 16

00000000 = 011111111 = 0 2-5 4. Unicode 16 2bytes 2. 2-5 5 3 =5+ 5+ 59 3 = 9 + ( 3 ) 9 3 10 3 10 7 9 + ( 3 ) = 9 + 7= 1 6 : 6 : 2-5 1s4, : (-23+1) ~ 23 -1 = -7 ~ +700000-0111110001-1111020010-2110130011-3110040100-4101150101-5101060110-6100170111-7100081000-801112s4, : (-23) ~ 23 -1 = -8 ~ +700000-01 000010001-1 111120010-2 111030011-3 110140100-4 110050101-5 101160110-6 101070111-7 100181000-8 1000 : 0,1 0000+0 , 1111-0 +0 -0 0:0,1 -0,, 4 , 1s 2s 2-5 8. X 2S 8+ 7 X 2X 1 + 2X1 1 X = 8+ 72X 1 + 2X1 1 X = 4 2X 1 = 8 2-5 Overflow1.2's MSB 2.2 Byte n = 16 bit 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0032767 = - 32768 = 216 1 + 2161 1 = - 32768 ~ + 327672-5 Overflow3.Overflow(1). VB Private Sub Form1_Activate Dim A as Integer A = 20000 + 20000 Print AEnd SubA 20000 + 20000 > 327672-5 Overflow(2). MSB + = + = = = 2-5 ( ) 1. Left Shift overflow : (A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 9 :10101102= 26+24+22+2110101102 , : 1010.11021010.1102 = 23+21+2-1+2-2= 23 (23+21+2-1+2-2) 8 2-5