antiseptik dan desinfektan_9.ppt

7232019 Antiseptik dan desinfektan_9ppt

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ANTISEPTICS AND

DISINFECTANTS

They have specific use and their

selectivity is very low



General information

bull Disinfectants are strong chemical agents that inhibit orkill microorganisms

bull Antiseptics are disinfecting agents with sufficiently low

toxicity for host cellsrarrcan be used directly on skinmucous membranes or wounds

bull terilants kill both vegetative cells and spores whenapplied to materials for appropriate times andtemperatures



COMMONLY USED TERMSRELATED TO KILLING OF

MICROORGANISMS



Antiseptic disinfectant and sterilant users should

be aware of their shortterm and longterm

toxicity since they may have general biocidal

activity and may accumulate in the environmentor in the patients or caregivers body



Disinfection

DISINFECTANTS are chemical agents that inhibit

or kill microorganisms surgical apparatus

periphery of the patient and the ob$ects used by

the patientDisinfection ampt is the application of chemicals to

destroy most pathogenic organisms on inanimate

surfaces

an be accomplished by application of chemical

agents use of physical agents ioni(ing radiation

dry or moist heat superheated steamautoclave

) 0983088



IDEAL DISINFECTANT

bull effective at room temperature

bull noncorrosive and nontoxic

bull inexpensive

bull capable of killing the vegetative form of all

pathogenic organisms

bull re+uire limited time of exposure



PROCESS OF DISINFECTION

revents infection by reducing the number of

potentially infective organisms either by killing

removing or diluting them

bull Application of chemical agentbull -se of ioni(ing irradiation dry or moist heat or

superheated steam autoclave )

01ampA2



ANTICEPTICS are disinfecting agents with

sufficiently low toxicity for host cells that they

can be used directly on skin mucousmembranes or wounds

ANTISEPSIS ampt is the use of chemicals to destroy

most pathogenic organisms on animate surfaces



bull The ideal antiseptic has to have similar

properties as an ideal disinfectant 3ut the

primary importance for antiseptics is the

selective toxicity which means toxicity tomicroorganisms but not to human cells The

degree of selectivity of the antiseptic agents can

change depending on the tissues they contact



Antisetic rs are se in$bull The treatment of skin infections

bull revention of infections in cuts and wounds

bull leaning the skin area of surgery frommicroorganisms

bull roflaxy and treatment of infections in mucosalareas such as mouth nose and vagina that are

open to environmentbull As a scrub for surgeans and the medical

personnel



STERILANTS

terilants kill both vegetative cells and spores

when applied to materials for appropriate times

and temperatures



The ideal way and our goal in patient care is the

sterili(ation of all contaminated e+uipment and

surfaces

3ut unfortunately this is not so practicalo they have to be cleaned and disinfected or

covered with disposable barriers



anampasin is the most important means of

preventing transmission of infectious agents

from person to person or from regions of high

microbial load such as mouth nose or gut topotential sites of infection

456-2A4 0A7D8A0amp76 amp 35T D975

8ampT09-T Dampamp75TA7T T9 amp7ampamplt5

D41amp76 amp44ampTATamp97 94 57ampTampltATamp97 9=amp7



=amp7 Dampamp75TA7T A2976 8ampT0

D5T54657T A7D 8AT54 A45 --A221-5D 45954ATampgt521 A A -46ampA2

4-3 94 -46597 0A7D A7D T05

ATamp57T -46ampA2 amp7ampamp97



TE PATOGENS TAT CAN (ETRANSMITTED

0uman ampmmunodeficiency gtirus 0ampgt

0erpes implex gtirus types ) and

0epatitis 3 gtirus 03gt

treptococcitaphylococci

ycobacterium tuberculosis

ytomegalovirus

some upper respiratory tract viruses Disinfectants and antiseptics may be contaminated by resistant spores

seudomonas aeruginosa erretia marcesnes and may transmit infection



5ffective infection control protocols include

disinfection of nonsterili(able surfaces and

e+uipment and heat sterili(ation of all

compatible e+uipment handwashing techni+ueswith appropriate antiseptics combined with

appropriate barrier techni+ues such as masks

gloves and eye protection



CLASSIFICATIONS OFANTISEPTICS AND

DISINFECTANTS) Those that denature proteins

Those that cause osmotic disruption of the cell

Those that interfere with specific metabolic

processes

bull The first and second classifications are tend to kill the organisms

bull The third one affects cell growth and reproduction without killing

the cell



MECANISM OF ACTION

henols iodine alcohols aldehydes and metallic

compounds denature proteins and D7A bases

ationic detergents interfere with plasmamembranes permeability and cause leakage of

en(yme coen(yme and metabolites

9xidi(ing compouns oxidi(e functional molecules

in the microorganisms



ALOGENS

bull The halogens and halogen releasingcompounds include some of the most effectiveantimicrobial compounds used for disinfectionand antisepsis

bull ampodine and chlorine are the most effectivehalogens with bromine and fluorine being lessactive

bull 3ecause of the irritating nature of the productsof sodium hypochlorite it is currently usedprimarily as a disinfectant



IODINE

Tincture of iodine g amp g 7aamp and B

ethanol to ) m2

owerful antiseptic for intact skin should

avoid contact with mucosas an cause

serious hypersensitivity reactions staining

of skin and dressing can happen and this

limits its use



ampodophores can be used either as an a or d less irritating

less hypersensitivity compared w tincture of iodineovidon iodine A complex of amp with polivinyl pyrrolidone

surface active agent an be used as antiseptics ordisinfectants

=ill vegetative bacteria mycobacteria fungi lipid containingviruses They kill spores as well on prolonged use

ampodine and other free halogens oxidi(e the 0 groups ofproteins and en(ymes and produce bonds and

disrupts the structure and function of these



CLORINE

hlorine is a strong oxidi(ing agent 0ypochloric

acid and sodium hypochlorite household bleach

B are bactericidal and effective

disinfectants)C)dilutions it provides ppm of chlorine This

is the concentration recommended for

disinfection of blood spills Dilutions are made

with tap water and when the opa+ue bottle istightly closed it preserves its activity



ppm kills vegetative bacteria

ppm is needed to kill spores

)) ppm is tuberculocidal

) ppm kills vegetative fungal cells in ) h

ppm kills fungal spores

ppm inactivate viruses

09l is the active form p0E less active 9l isformed



ALCOOLS

5thyl alcohol FB GHIJ and isopropyl alcoholare effective antiseptic and disinfectant agentsThey reduce the number of bacteria IB whenapplied to the skin They rapidly kill vegetativebacteria tuberculosis many fungi andinactivate lipophilic viruses They denatureproteins and disturb the membrane permeability ofbacteria

They are not effective as sterili(ing agents becauseof their inefficient antibacterial spectrum

Drarralcohol based hand rubs



They are flammable and must be stored in cool

and well ventilated places

They can damage corneal tissue if directly applied

therefore instruments that will be used in the eye

must be free of alcohol before use



ALDEYDES

KB of formaldehyde can be used as a sterili(ing agent forsurgical instruments 7ot corrosive for metal plastic orrubber 3road spectrum of activity againstmicroorganisms and viruses Alkylate chemical groups inproteins and nucleic acids ampt is especially useful for

instruments that can not be autoclaved hemodialy(ersdental handpieces respiratory therapy e+uipment Bsolution is useful topically on hands and feet in treatmentof hyperhidrosis resence of organic material low concand perfusion inefficiency can cause failure

ormaldehyde is marketed as the LKB solution and iscalled formol and contains methyl alcohol in order toprevent polymeri(ation and precipitation offormaldehyde



ormaldehyde has a pungent odor and is highly

irritating to repiratory mucous membranes and

eyes at conc ppm is rarely used because of

its toxicity and tendency to cause sensiti(ationwith repeated contact The relative risk of

formaldehyde as a human carcinogen when

used as a disinfectant is significant 90A



6lutaraldehyde B wMv p0FLK is not

significantly affected by the presence of organic

material and is relatively nonirritating

nonallergenic and noncorrosive when propersafeguards are employed Activated solutions are

bactericidal sporicidal fungicidal and virucidal

5xposure of skin and mucus membranes can

cause sensiti(ation irritation and damagerotection of health care workers from exposure

to glutaraldehyde concN ppm is advised ampt is

important to use it only in well ventilated areas

and never using it as a surface disinfectant



O)IDIING AGENTS

0ydrogen peroxide is the most common of anumber of oxidi(ing compounds that have beenused as antiseptics ampt is also effective in in$ured

skin due to its bubbling effect B solution iseffective

oncentrations potentially useful for antisepsis areeffective against vegetative bacteria higher

concentrations are sporicidal

Disinfection of respirators acrylic resin implantsplastic eating utensils soft contact lenses cartons

for milk or $uice

)B conc is sporicidal



PENOLS

henol is the oldest surgical antiseptic but is no

longer used even as a disinfectant because of

its corrosive effect on tissues and its

carcinogenic effectshenolic derivatives ophenylphenolcoal tar

distillates etc can be used kin absorption and

skin irritation still occurs with these derivatives

Detergents are added to formulations to cleanand remove organic material that may decrease

the activity of these compounds



bull They are bactericidal fungicidal and inactivate

lipophilic viruses 7ot sporicidal -sed on floors

beds countertops and benchtops

bull Disrupt cell walls and membranes precipitateproteins and inactivate en(ymes

bull 0exachlorophen as skin disinfectant has nolonger been used because of its neurotoxic

effects



Clore+iine

hlorhexidine was approved for use in surgical

scrubs

ampt is highly effective against grampositive

organisms vegetative bacteria mycobacteriamoderately active against fungi and viruses

spore germination is also inhibited trongly

adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes

leakage of small molecules and precipitation ofcytoplasmic proteins



8ater soluble chlorhexidine digluconate is used as an

antiseptic ost effective against gram positive cocci

and less active against grampositive and gramnegative

rods spore germination is also inhibitedampt strongly

adsorbs to bacterial membranes and causes leakage ofsmall molecules and precipitation of cytoplasmic

proteins ampt is resistant to inhibition by blood or organic

material Anionic or nonanionic agents in moisturi(ers

soapssurfactants neutrali(e its action -sed in oralrinses should not be used during surgery of the middle

ear causes sensorineural deafness



SURFACE ACTIE AGENTS

These are compounds that produce a detergent effectThey are -aternar ammonim comons

ationic agents were used as cold sterili(ation solutions3ut they are ineffective against bacterial spores tubercle

bacilli fungi viruses and many gramnegative bacteriaThe bactericidal action of these compounds is due to

inactivation of energyproducing en(ymes denaturationof proteins and disruption of cell membrane

etylpyridinium chloride ben(ethonium chloride and similarcationic agents are used in mouth rinses and sore throat

remedies



They bind to the surface of colloidal protein in

blood serum milk and to fibers in cotton mops

cloths and paper towels inactivation Anionic

detergents also inactivate themThey are also used for sanitation of floors and

bench tops ince their toxicity is low they are

used as saniti(ers in food production facilities

olyhexamethylene biguanide used in drop form

for acanthamoeba keratitis



EAY METALS

ercury and silver compounds were used asantimicrobial agents ilver nitrate was

commonly used in dentistry to treat oral ulcersbut is no longer used because it delays healing

and alters cellular morphology ampn medicinesilver nitrate eyedrops remain useful in theprophylaxis of gonococcal infection in the

newborn



ercury is an environmental ha(ard however

thiomersal )LB is still used as a

preservative of vaccines antitoxins and immune

sera3en(oic acid and salts parabens

alkyl esters of phydroxyben(oic acid

orbic acid and salts phenolic compoundsOuaternary ammonium compounds alcohols also

used



Steriliation

bull ampt is the killing of all forms of microorganisms

bull Dry heat

bull teambull hemical vapor bull 5thylene oxide gasesbull ormaldehyde gases

bull -ltraviolet radiationbull 6amma radiationbull iltration



1ou have to accept and treat every patient as

potentially infectious in order to reduce the risk

of infection



Te rose of infection controlrorams

bull to treat every patient and instrument as

capable of transmitting infectious disease

bull to protect patients and healthcare workers

from infection and its resultsbull to reduce the numbers of pathogenic

microorganisms to levels where patients normal

defence mechanisms can prevent infection

bull to break the cycle of infection and eliminate

cross contamination



ACTIITIES OF DISINFECTANTS



General information

bull Disinfectants are strong chemical agents that inhibit orkill microorganisms

bull Antiseptics are disinfecting agents with sufficiently low

toxicity for host cellsrarrcan be used directly on skinmucous membranes or wounds

bull terilants kill both vegetative cells and spores whenapplied to materials for appropriate times andtemperatures




MICROORGANISMS









Disinfection






surfaces




) 0983088



IDEAL DISINFECTANT



bull inexpensive












01ampA2























personnel



STERILANTS



and temperatures





surfaces









456-2A4 0A7D8A0amp76 amp 35T D975







4-3 94 -46597 0A7D A7D T05










ytomegalovirus

















processes



the cell



MECANISM OF ACTION









ALOGENS






IODINE


ethanol to ) m2





limits its use











CLORINE



















ALCOOLS













ALDEYDES


























O)IDIING AGENTS






for milk or $uice




PENOLS
















effects



Clore+iine


scrubs

























remedies













EAY METALS




newborn









used



Steriliation


bull Dry heat







of infection











cross contamination







MICROORGANISMS









Disinfection






surfaces




) 0983088



IDEAL DISINFECTANT



bull inexpensive












01ampA2























personnel



STERILANTS



and temperatures





surfaces









456-2A4 0A7D8A0amp76 amp 35T D975







4-3 94 -46597 0A7D A7D T05










ytomegalovirus

















processes



the cell



MECANISM OF ACTION









ALOGENS






IODINE


ethanol to ) m2





limits its use











CLORINE



















ALCOOLS













ALDEYDES


























O)IDIING AGENTS






for milk or $uice




PENOLS
















effects



Clore+iine


scrubs

























remedies













EAY METALS




newborn









used



Steriliation


bull Dry heat







of infection











cross contamination












Disinfection






surfaces




) 0983088



IDEAL DISINFECTANT



bull inexpensive












01ampA2























personnel



STERILANTS



and temperatures





surfaces









456-2A4 0A7D8A0amp76 amp 35T D975







4-3 94 -46597 0A7D A7D T05










ytomegalovirus

















processes



the cell



MECANISM OF ACTION









ALOGENS






IODINE


ethanol to ) m2





limits its use











CLORINE



















ALCOOLS













ALDEYDES


























O)IDIING AGENTS






for milk or $uice




PENOLS
















effects



Clore+iine


scrubs

























remedies













EAY METALS




newborn









used



Steriliation


bull Dry heat







of infection











cross contamination






IDEAL DISINFECTANT



bull inexpensive












01ampA2























personnel



STERILANTS



and temperatures





surfaces









456-2A4 0A7D8A0amp76 amp 35T D975







4-3 94 -46597 0A7D A7D T05










ytomegalovirus

















processes



the cell



MECANISM OF ACTION









ALOGENS






IODINE


ethanol to ) m2





limits its use











CLORINE



















ALCOOLS













ALDEYDES


























O)IDIING AGENTS






for milk or $uice




PENOLS
















effects



Clore+iine


scrubs

























remedies













EAY METALS




newborn









used



Steriliation


bull Dry heat







of infection











cross contamination












01ampA2























personnel



STERILANTS



and temperatures





surfaces









456-2A4 0A7D8A0amp76 amp 35T D975







4-3 94 -46597 0A7D A7D T05










ytomegalovirus

















processes



the cell



MECANISM OF ACTION









ALOGENS






IODINE


ethanol to ) m2





limits its use











CLORINE



















ALCOOLS













ALDEYDES


























O)IDIING AGENTS






for milk or $uice




PENOLS
















effects



Clore+iine


scrubs

























remedies













EAY METALS




newborn









used



Steriliation


bull Dry heat







of infection











cross contamination


























personnel



STERILANTS



and temperatures





surfaces









456-2A4 0A7D8A0amp76 amp 35T D975







4-3 94 -46597 0A7D A7D T05










ytomegalovirus

















processes



the cell



MECANISM OF ACTION









ALOGENS






IODINE


ethanol to ) m2





limits its use











CLORINE



















ALCOOLS













ALDEYDES


























O)IDIING AGENTS






for milk or $uice




PENOLS
















effects



Clore+iine


scrubs

























remedies













EAY METALS




newborn









used



Steriliation


bull Dry heat







of infection











cross contamination






STERILANTS



and temperatures





surfaces









456-2A4 0A7D8A0amp76 amp 35T D975







4-3 94 -46597 0A7D A7D T05










ytomegalovirus

















processes



the cell



MECANISM OF ACTION









ALOGENS






IODINE


ethanol to ) m2





limits its use











CLORINE



















ALCOOLS













ALDEYDES


























O)IDIING AGENTS






for milk or $uice




PENOLS
















effects



Clore+iine


scrubs

























remedies













EAY METALS




newborn









used



Steriliation


bull Dry heat







of infection











cross contamination








surfaces









456-2A4 0A7D8A0amp76 amp 35T D975







4-3 94 -46597 0A7D A7D T05










ytomegalovirus

















processes



the cell



MECANISM OF ACTION









ALOGENS






IODINE


ethanol to ) m2





limits its use











CLORINE



















ALCOOLS













ALDEYDES


























O)IDIING AGENTS






for milk or $uice




PENOLS
















effects



Clore+iine


scrubs

























remedies













EAY METALS




newborn









used



Steriliation


bull Dry heat







of infection











cross contamination










456-2A4 0A7D8A0amp76 amp 35T D975







4-3 94 -46597 0A7D A7D T05










ytomegalovirus

















processes



the cell



MECANISM OF ACTION









ALOGENS






IODINE


ethanol to ) m2





limits its use











CLORINE



















ALCOOLS













ALDEYDES


























O)IDIING AGENTS






for milk or $uice




PENOLS
















effects



Clore+iine


scrubs

























remedies













EAY METALS




newborn









used



Steriliation


bull Dry heat







of infection











cross contamination








4-3 94 -46597 0A7D A7D T05










ytomegalovirus

















processes



the cell



MECANISM OF ACTION









ALOGENS






IODINE


ethanol to ) m2





limits its use











CLORINE



















ALCOOLS













ALDEYDES


























O)IDIING AGENTS






for milk or $uice




PENOLS
















effects



Clore+iine


scrubs

























remedies













EAY METALS




newborn









used



Steriliation


bull Dry heat







of infection











cross contamination












ytomegalovirus

















processes



the cell



MECANISM OF ACTION









ALOGENS






IODINE


ethanol to ) m2





limits its use











CLORINE



















ALCOOLS













ALDEYDES


























O)IDIING AGENTS






for milk or $uice




PENOLS
















effects



Clore+iine


scrubs

























remedies













EAY METALS




newborn









used



Steriliation


bull Dry heat







of infection











cross contamination


















processes



the cell



MECANISM OF ACTION









ALOGENS






IODINE


ethanol to ) m2





limits its use











CLORINE



















ALCOOLS













ALDEYDES


























O)IDIING AGENTS






for milk or $uice




PENOLS
















effects



Clore+iine


scrubs

























remedies













EAY METALS




newborn









used



Steriliation


bull Dry heat







of infection











cross contamination






MECANISM OF ACTION









ALOGENS






IODINE


ethanol to ) m2





limits its use











CLORINE



















ALCOOLS













ALDEYDES


























O)IDIING AGENTS






for milk or $uice




PENOLS
















effects



Clore+iine


scrubs

























remedies













EAY METALS




newborn









used



Steriliation


bull Dry heat







of infection











cross contamination






ALOGENS






IODINE


ethanol to ) m2





limits its use











CLORINE



















ALCOOLS













ALDEYDES


























O)IDIING AGENTS






for milk or $uice




PENOLS
















effects



Clore+iine


scrubs

























remedies













EAY METALS




newborn









used



Steriliation


bull Dry heat







of infection











cross contamination






IODINE


ethanol to ) m2





limits its use











CLORINE



















ALCOOLS













ALDEYDES


























O)IDIING AGENTS






for milk or $uice




PENOLS
















effects



Clore+iine


scrubs

























remedies













EAY METALS




newborn









used



Steriliation


bull Dry heat







of infection











cross contamination














CLORINE



















ALCOOLS













ALDEYDES


























O)IDIING AGENTS






for milk or $uice




PENOLS
















effects



Clore+iine


scrubs

























remedies













EAY METALS




newborn









used



Steriliation


bull Dry heat







of infection











cross contamination















ALCOOLS













ALDEYDES


























O)IDIING AGENTS






for milk or $uice




PENOLS
















effects



Clore+iine


scrubs

























remedies













EAY METALS




newborn









used



Steriliation


bull Dry heat







of infection











cross contamination













ALDEYDES


























O)IDIING AGENTS






for milk or $uice




PENOLS
















effects



Clore+iine


scrubs

























remedies













EAY METALS




newborn









used



Steriliation


bull Dry heat







of infection











cross contamination


























O)IDIING AGENTS






for milk or $uice




PENOLS
















effects



Clore+iine


scrubs

























remedies













EAY METALS




newborn









used



Steriliation


bull Dry heat







of infection











cross contamination






PENOLS
















effects



Clore+iine


scrubs

























remedies













EAY METALS




newborn









used



Steriliation


bull Dry heat







of infection











cross contamination











effects



Clore+iine


scrubs

























remedies













EAY METALS




newborn









used



Steriliation


bull Dry heat







of infection











cross contamination






Clore+iine


scrubs

























remedies













EAY METALS




newborn









used



Steriliation


bull Dry heat







of infection











cross contamination























remedies













EAY METALS




newborn









used



Steriliation


bull Dry heat







of infection











cross contamination
















EAY METALS




newborn









used



Steriliation


bull Dry heat







of infection











cross contamination












used



Steriliation


bull Dry heat







of infection











cross contamination






Steriliation


bull Dry heat







of infection











cross contamination








of infection











cross contamination














cross contamination




antiseptik dan desinfektan_9.ppt

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