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Introduction toComputer Graphics

& Applications.

MCA (5th Sem)

Prasanta Kumar Swain

School of computer application

KIIT University

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Class Web Page

http://kiitsca.googlepages.com

http://Prasantkiit.googlepages.com

Class lectures will available after the class in web

Assignments will be given very soon

http://prasantkiit.googlepages.com/http://prasantkiit.googlepages.com/http://prasantkiit.googlepages.com/http://prasantkiit.googlepages.com/http://prasantkiit.googlepages.com/http://prasantkiit.googlepages.com/

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Topics

Core graphics pipeline

Introduction, Overview of graphics System, scanconversion / clipping, Modeling transformation,viewing transformation.

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Graphics Applications

Entertainment: Cinema

Pixar: Monsters Inc.

Square: Final Fantasy

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Entertainment

Final Fantasy (Square, USA)

Graphics method can also bused to simulate a human actor

Using digital file of an actor

facial expression, an animatioprogram can generate a replicof that person, so we can use iabsence of the actor also.

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Entertainment

A Bugs Life (Pixar)

Animation: Motion providedto an object which is not inexistence.Ex- Cartoon movies( feels tocontinuous and natural)

Morphing: Graphicatechnique in which oneobject or image transformedinto other appears to besmooth not rapid.Ex- Terminator, Matrix etc.

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Graphs and Charts

Commonly used to summarize financial, mathematical, statisticaengineering data.

relationship between multiple parameters can be presented by using 2D o

3D or higher dimensional spaces.

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Graphics Applications

Medical Visualization

MIT: Image-Guided Surgery Project

TheVisibleHum

anProject

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Graphics Applications

Everyday Use

Microsofts Whistler OS will use graphics seriously

Graphics visualizations and debuggers

Visualize complex software systems

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Everyday use

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Everyday use

Window system and large-screen interaction metaphors

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Graphics Applications

Scientific Visualization

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Scientific Visualization

Airflow around a Harrier Jet (NASA Ames)

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Graphics Applications

Computer Aided Design (CAD)

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Computer Aided Drafting and

Design (CADD)

Used for engineering and architectural system.

Ex: aircraft, building, textile, home appliance etc.

Computer aided manufacturing (CAM)

Tied with computer design so that manufacturing

or fabrication of the product can be automated

using CAM.

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Graphics Applications(Training)

Designing Effective Step-By-Step Assembly Instructions (Maneesh Agrawala et. al)

Heavy machinery operation,assembling etc.

Aircraft training, traffic

controlling system etc.

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Graphics

Applications

Entertainment: Games

GT Racer 3

Polyphony Digital: Gran Turismo 3, A Spec

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Games

Circus Atari (Atari)

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Education

Outside In (Geometry Center, University of Minnesota)

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Graphics Applications

Virtual reality environment

User can interact with the object in three

dimensional scene.

Used for training pilots and operators of heavyweight machines.

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Graphics Applications

Computer Art.

Paint brush

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Graphics Applications

Image processing

-The modification or interpretation of existing

pictures such as photographs and TV scan

called image processing.-improve picture quality by enhancing picture in

digital format.

-wide medical applications like Computed X-raytomography(CT), position emission tomography

etc.

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The Basics

Computer Graphics involves display, manipulation and storage

of pictures and experimental data for proper visualization

using a computer.

Main tasks:

modeling: (shape) creating and representing the geometry of objects in

the 3D world

rendering: (light, perspective) generating 2D images of the objects

animation: (movement) describing how objects change in time

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Graphics System Framework

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Computer Graphics systems could be active or

passive.

In both cases, the input to the system is the scene

description and output is a static or animatedscene to be displayed.

In case of active systems, the user controls thedisplay with the help of a GUI, using an input

device.

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Graphics Definitions

Point a location in space, 2D or 3D

sometimes denotes one pixel

Line

straight path connecting two points

infinitesimal width, consistent density

beginning and end on points

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Graphics Definitions

Vertex

point in 3D

Edge

line in 3D connecting two vertices

Polygon/Face/Facet

arbitrary shape formed by connected vertices

fundamental unit of 3D computer graphics

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Graphics Definitions

Raster derived from TV systems for a row of pixels

commonly referred to as a scanline

does influence algorithms reducing memory requirements,parallelism, etc.

is the derivation of rasterization, scan-line algorithms

Can we learn from history?

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Can we learn from history?

Perspective

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Machines

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Perspective

Lorenzetti Birth of the Virgin

1342

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Leonardo The Last Supper

1498

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Shape

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5-minute Test

Relate the issues

1) Wireframe model and design

2) Virtual reality and training

3) Image processing and virtual realization.

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Home Work(Assignment)

List out any one most important application areaof computer graphics and give most latest

improvements in that area. Represent your

assignment using tools like graphs ,pictures

and figures etc to make it interactive.

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