DBPIA-NURIMEDIA
.
(1982) (Classifier : Cl )
. (Language Typology)
.
. .
(Order Typology) .

.

. Jakobson (1963,
268-9) .
“ , 6 . SVO, SOV, VSO, VOS ,
OSV OVS. . ()
SVO
. SVO
. Mama ljubit papu ‘ Mama loves papa’ Papu ljubit mama (OVS)
‘ Papa loves mama' (Papa ljubit mamu)
. ()


.


.

.
.
.

Greenberg (1978) (Generaliza tions: Gen. ) . n 19
20 ~ 19 l
ß[
N
.
11

. -
‘()’
‘’ ‘()’ .
‘ ’. 10 ‘
’ ‘ ’· ( 1976: 69) .

.
(Greenberg, 1978: 288 ).
- . ‘ ’ ‘
’ ‘10 + 1’ , ‘ 10+2’ ‘ (2X 7) ’, ‘ (3X 7) ’
. ‘ (3 X 10 + 6) ’ ‘
(3X7) ’ ‘ (2 X 8) ’ .
(M) (U)
(Gen. 28 ). U-M N-Q M-U Q-N
.
Q-N ( (1982)) , ‘ (2 X 10) ’, ‘
(3 X 10 ) ’ M-U Q-N .
, ‘ ∞’ 10 ‘ L( ? ) ’
‘x X L () ’ ‘x X 10’
.

(Gen. 39 ) . ‘ (Cardinals)
‘ ’ ‘’ ‘ ~’ A (Ordinals)
‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ .
‘’ .
1
(Gen. 40 ) . (facultative)
. Greenberg
, (unmarked ca tegory ) (category
as a whole) . 1

. ()
()
21
) .
.
( 1) . .
L .
t:.
(1) ( ) L ( ) t: (
) .


[-] [-] (Gèn. 43 ) . l
‘’ . 0975,
83-5) ‘’ .
(1978, 201 -209) ‘’
‘’
.

.
N-Q (Gen.
44).
N-Q Q-N ( Cl Q
) . Bengali N-Q
Q-N . Igbo 1, 20 , 400 Q-N ,
N-Q .
( l ) . Igbo
Q-N . 1 20, 400 Q-N
.
.
l 6 20 .
(2) ( ) ( )
(2) . 5 6 ‘ () ‘
() ()’ ‘ ’ . 20
l Erza Mordvin 2""'10 10 . Amharic( ) [+] 2"" 99 99 . [-] 2""'9 9 . Tlappanec( Hokan)
[+] [-] . [-] . Akkadian . Kanarese
Modern Western Armenian (Greenberg, 1978: 283-284) .
22 & 19 1
. l (10, 20, 100 , 200
) (lgbo ). 1"'-'6
20 ( )
( )
Q-N
.
.
((Q-Cl)-N) (Q-N)
(Gen. 47).
. ‘-’
. · ‘’ .
111

1, 2, 3, .
(1 2, 3: : ) ‘
’ .

.
. (31) (3 L ) (3 t:.)
.
(3) . 25 - 10= 15
L.
t:..
( ) ( )
.
.
L -
t:..
2. .
- .

(5) . () , () ,
(R.) .. . 3
2 .
3 ( (R) ) .
23
L -* ** **; *
%* ...
‘ ’ ‘ 5
5’ . 10
.
.
(6) ? * .. . 1 . -
- L % ** .. .
(6L ) ‘x X 10+y’ O:Sx :S9, l :sy9)
x 0 10
. l 0 . ‘
’
. 100
. 1 1"'9 10
.
.
(7) | | I 1 | { !|| l ! o I * o ! * * O O O O ?o ?o
O O O O O * * * * O O O O O O o 0 O O O O O O O O O O * ?* * * O
O O O O O O O ?O o 0 O ?O O * * * * O O
(7)
. 10
.
‘ ’
‘ ’ ( )
.
.
(8) .
{
} f * } . l 1 {
24 wf 19 l
(9) • lμ= f - ‘ -1 --- J
L. {7 }
10
(Ordinals) 10 (Cardinals)
((8c) ) .
Q-Cl () - ( L ) -
(c) - (2.) - ()
(c) . (L)
Q 10 .
10

.
‘ ’
10 .
IV
4.1. (N-Q, N-(Q-Cl)) (Q- N, (Q-Cl)-N) .
(10 ) ‘’( )
.
900
L.
c *
2.. ,
(10) L - c , 2.
. L

(
(1982) ) .
(Sortal Classifìer)
(Mensural Classifìer) . [-
]
.
.
25
‘’ ( :
) ( : ; N Cl ) .

. [-] N-Q .
(11) .
L.
L .
(13) N- Q (1978)
. (13) . ‘’ ‘ ’
. (1 3) ‘
’ ‘ ’ ‘’ ‘( )’
.
(11 ) ( 12 ) .
(1 1 )
. [-]
‘’
.
[+] N-Q
[+ (14)
[-] N- Q (15) . (16)
[-] N-Q .
(14) . .
L. .
(15) .
L. ? .
(1 6)
[-] . (15) ? Q * ‘
’ ‘’ . [ + ]
.
(17) { ?* * . .. j .
(18) { ??* * } .
‘ (1978) N-Q .
26 l 19 1
(19) { , * , } .
(20) { * } .
(21) .
N-Q N- (Q- Cl) . Q
[+] N-Q .

(21) ( 1973: 57 ) N-Q
. (20) ‘’ ‘’
.Q N-Q ( (4)
) . [+]
N-Q
.
N-Q (Gen. 44 ) .
N-Q .
(22) . .
L .
(23) . .
L .
(24) ? .
L. .
( 25) 1. .
L . .
(22 ) ‘’ . (221 )
‘’ .
(23) N-Q L
.
(24) , (25) -
‘-’
‘’ ‘ . (24 ) (25 )
‘’ . ‘’ (24 ) (25 ) ‘
’ .
(241 ) ' .
(25 ) , .
(24 ) " ( ) .
(25 ) " ( ) .
(24 L ) (25 L ) . ‘ ’ ‘ ’
-
27
‘’ . ‘’ ‘’
. ‘ ’ ‘() ’ ‘ ( )
’ . (24 ) (25 ) ‘’ ‘’
‘’ .
(24 L ) ' .
(25L ) ' .
(24 L ) " (= (24l ) ' ).
(25L)" (= (25 ) ' ) .
N-Q - .
[-] N-Q . []
N-Q .
N- Q [+] .
[-] ( 1rv3) N-Q
. N-Q []
N-Q .

N- Q
. N- Q ‘ [+]
’
.
4.2. ( (1982)) N-Q N-(Q-Cl)
.
(1946, 285) ‘
’ .
N-(Q-Cl)
N-(Q- Cl) .
N- Q [ ] N-(Q­
Cl) N-Q 4. 1.
(15) , (17) rv (20) N-Q .

.
.
(26) 10 .
(26) Q-Cl N-(Q-Cl)
.
(27) ( ) .
28 liff 19 l
(27) (28)
.
(28) ?
Q-Cl N-(Q-Cl) .
(Q-Cl)-N .
(29) . .
L. .
1:. .
~ . * .

. ‘ () ,
()’ ‘’
.
(30) .
.
(30 ) .
‘’ . ‘’
‘’ ‘’ .
4.3.
Q- N ( (1 982) ) . Q- N -
.
N-('Q- Cl) .
[-] Q- N . [ - ]
5 [+] Q- N
. [-] Q- N
. Q- N Q- Cl .
(33) ,
5 [-] Q-N . '. tÆ S (~ 9, 35b) '-. E (-) ( 52b)

(34) ? .
L .
L. .
L .
29
(34) , (35) Q-N
. [+] [-]
.
(36) .
(37) ? . (38) * C7tJ . (39) * .
(40) * .
(34 L) (35L) , (36) , (37)
. ‘
’ .
Q-N .
(41) . ?
L .
(42) () .
(43) . ?
L * .
(44) . () .
Q- N
. (34L ) C35L )
. ‘’
(1978)
Q-N .
(45) μT ’ . l × I (46) . (47) . (48) * { } .
6ff 0978, 191) Q-N [- ] (13) "(15 ) ‘’
.
30 liff 19 1
(45) , (47) (46)
‘+’ . (45) ‘ ’
‘’ . (48) ‘
’ Q- N .
Q- N
. Q- N
.
(49) ( ) r)f .
(50) ( ) () * .
(49) ' . (50) ' .
Q-N N-Q .Q
. Q-N l 4
((49)' , (50)' ) . ‘ ’
. ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ‘
’ . ‘ ’ ‘
’ .
(40)
. 1
.
Q-N , .
Q- N
. ‘’ (4 . 1. (10)
) , ‘?’ ((43) ) .
(51) ?
L. .
. .
2. . .
L . .
L. .
2.. .
. () .
(5 1) . (52) 1:: L t P
. . ‘
’
.
(54)
.
Q-N [+ ] . .
(55) ?
?
(56) ? ? ? ?* *
*
(57)
(55) , (56) ‘’ [] ‘’
. ‘’ ‘ ’
‘ ’ . ‘
’ ‘’ .
Q-N Q-Cl . Q-N
(58) . .
L * .
Q-N (57) . (57)
Q-N .
. Q-N
. N-Q (4.2. (29) ,
4.3. (52) ) ,
.
4.4. (Q-Cl)-N . Q-N
.
Q-N (Q-Cl)-N . (Q-Cl)-N
N Q-N . ‘’ .
7 0978 , 190) Q-N “
: ” .
32 { 19 l
(59)

(Q-Cl) -N . [-]
.Q .
(Q-Cl)-N N-(Q-Cl)
. (Q-Cl)-N
N- (Q-Cl)
. (Q-Cl)-N N-(Q-Cl)
(Q-Cl)-N N-(Q-Cl) ‘’
.
V


. .
1.
.
2. ‘+ ’ (+
‘’) .
.
3. .
.
.
. .

( ) Q- Cl
(L) Q- Cl
(r:.) . Q- Cl
(2.) Q Cl
() (2.)
. 10
: .
.
4. () N-Q
(L) N- (Q-Cl)
.
5.
, .
N- (Q-Cl) Q-N
. N-Q ()
(Q-Cl) -N .
6. ‘’.
‘’ .
7. N-Q [+] . [+] [+]
. [+] [-] N-Q
4 . N-Q
.
8. N-(Q-Cl) Q-Cl .
(Q-Cl) -N .
9. Q- N
. [+] 4
. [+ ] ‘’
.
10. (Q-Cl)-N . Q-N (Q-Cl) -N
. Q-N (Q-Cl)-N
N Q-N (Q-Cl)-N .
‘’.

( 1973) ‘ ’ 1iff 9. 1.
-- (1976) ‘ ’ F 42.
(1978) ‘ ’ () 1.
(1982) ‘ -/1 , ’ 53-54.
(1946) .
Greenberg, ].H. (1978) ‘Generalizations about Numeral Systems ,’ in ] .H. Greenberg ed. ,
U1Jiνersals 01 Human Language Vol. 3, Stanford University Press.
Hurford , ].R. (1975) The L inguistic Theory 01 Numerals , Cambridge University Press.
] akobson , R. (1963) ‘Implications of Language Universals for Linguistics,’ in ] .H.
Greenberg ed. , Uniψersals 01 Laηguage The MIT Press.
Menninger , K. (1969) N umber Words and Number Symbols , The MIT Press.
Ramstedt , G.]. (1939) A Koreaη Grammar, Helsinki.
Song , Seok Choong (1975) ‘ Rare Plural Marking and Ubiquitous Plural Marker in Ko,rean ,’
Language Research 11. 1.
A Study of Numerals and Numeral Classifier Constructions in Korean
Wan Chae
The present paper explores typological aspects of numerals, classifiers, and numeral
classifier constructions in present-day Korean.
The paper reaches the following conclusions:
There are two types of Korean numerals; one is pure Korean origin, and the other of
Chinese origin.
The following tendencies exist in the use of Sino-Korean numerals: (a) the larger the
number, the more often the Sino-Korean numeral tends to be used in ordinary language, (b) in N-Q and Q-N constructions, . which have no classifiers , Sino-Korean numerals
cannot be used.
Korean has four types of numeral classifier construction, such as N-Q, N-(Q- Cl) , Q- N
and (Q- Cl) - N.
The construction, in which the quantifier precedes the noun , and in which there is no
classifier, is the older form. The N- (Q- Cl) type is most widely used in present-day Korean.
The typical usage of noun-initial constructions like N-Q and N-(Q-Cl) is found in a
table of contents (l ists) , while that of quantifier-initial constructions is mostly used in a
title.
132