trib ology 1

8/18/2019 Trib Ology 1

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TribologyTribology

Moderators : Prof R.M.SHENOYModerators : Prof R.M.SHENOY

Dr VIVEK MAHAANDr VIVEK MAHAAN

Prese!ted by : Dr A"HINANDANPrese!ted by : Dr A"HINANDAN

Date :#$%$&%#'Date :#$%$&%#'


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Definition:Definition:

Tribology it is defi!ed as t(e s)ie!)e ofTribology it is defi!ed as t(e s)ie!)e of

s*rfa)e i!tera)ti!g *!der a! a++lied loads*rfa)e i!tera)ti!g *!der a! a++lied load

a!d i! relati,e -otio!. It i!)l*des st*dya!d i! relati,e -otio!. It i!)l*des st*dy

of fri)tio! l*bri)atio! a!d /ear.of fri)tio! l*bri)atio! a!d /ear.

T(e /ord 0tribology0 deri,es fro- t(eT(e /ord 0tribology0 deri,es fro- t(e1ree2 30tribo04 -ea!i!g r*b0 a!d1ree2 30tribo04 -ea!i!g r*b0 a!d

30logos04 -ea!i!g 5+ri!)i+le or logi)5.30logos04 -ea!i!g 5+ri!)i+le or logi)5.


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BiotribologyBiotribol

ogy

Da/so! a!d 6rig(t 7$'89 to )o,er allDa/so! a!d 6rig(t 7$'89 to )o,er all

as+e)ts of tribology related to biologi)alas+e)ts of tribology related to biologi)al

syste-.syste-.

Ea-+le7st*dies of !at*ral sy!o,ial ;oi!tEa-+le7st*dies of !at*ral sy!o,ial ;oi!t

l*bri)atio! < desig! -a!*fa)t*rel*bri)atio! < desig! -a!*fa)t*re

+erfor-a!)e of ,ario*s for-s of total ;oi!t+erfor-a!)e of ,ario*s for-s of total ;oi!t

re+la)e-e!ts.re+la)e-e!ts.


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Fundamentals of TribologyFundamentals of Trib

ology

T(e tribologi)al i!tera)tio!s of a solidT(e tribologi)al i!tera)tio!s of a solids*rfa)e=s e+osed fa)e /it( i!terfa)i!gs*rfa)e=s e+osed fa)e /it( i!terfa)i!g-aterials < e!,iro!-e!t -ay res*lt i! loss-aterials < e!,iro!-e!t -ay res*lt i! loss

of -aterial fro- s*rfa)e.of -aterial fro- s*rfa)e.

The process, leading to loss of material isThe process, leading to loss of material is

known as wear.known as wear.


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>o!d?>o!d?

T(e /ear +arti)les liberated fro- artifi)ialT(e /ear +arti)les liberated fro- artifi)ial

;oi!ts (a,e bee! s(o/! to )a*se ad,erse ;oi!ts (a,e bee! s(o/! to )a*se ad,erse

tiss*e rea)tio!s osteolysis a!d ase+ti)tiss*e rea)tio!s osteolysis a!d ase+ti)

loose!i!g a!d also o! @*ality of -ag!eti)loose!i!g a!d also o! @*ality of -ag!eti)

re)ordi!g syste-s.re)ordi!g syste-s.


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>o!d?>o!d?

T(e /ear +arti)les liberated fro- artifi)ialT(e /ear +arti)les liberated fro- artifi)ial

;oi!ts (a,e bee! s(o/! to )a*se ad,erse ;oi!ts (a,e bee! s(o/! to )a*se ad,erse

tiss*e rea)tio!s osteolysis loose!i!g


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6ear Debris

Osteolysis

Doose!i!g

REVISION


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Adhesive:Adhesive: I!,ol,esI!,ol,es

bo!di!g of t(ebo!di!g of t(e

s*rfa)e -aterial /(e!s*rfa)e -aterial /(e!

t(ey are +ressedt(ey are +ressedtoget(er *!dertoget(er *!der

load-aterials bei!gload-aterials bei!g

+*lled a/ay fro- t(e+*lled a/ay fro- t(e

o!e or -ore s*rfa)eo!e or -ore s*rfa)e*s*ally /ea2er*s*ally /ea2er

-aterial .-aterial .

Adhesive


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AbrasiveAbrasive

A -e)(a!i)al +ro)ess A -e)(a!i)al +ro)ess

i! /(i)( as+erities o!i! /(i)( as+erities o!

t(e (arder s*rfa)e )*tt(e (arder s*rfa)e )*ta!d +lo*g( t(ro*g(a!d +lo*g( t(ro*g(

t(e softer s*rfa)et(e softer s*rfa)e

res*lti!g i! re-o,al ofres*lti!g i! re-o,al of

-aterial.-aterial.

Abrasive


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Fatigue:Fatigue: T(e re-o,al ofT(e re-o,al of

-aterials as a res*lt of-aterials as a res*lt of

)y)li) stress ,ariatio!s.)y)li) stress ,ariatio!s.

Corrosive:Corrosive: A +ro)ess i! A +ro)ess i!

/(i)( )(e-i)al or/(i)( )(e-i)al or

ele)tro)(e-i)al rea)tio!sele)tro)(e-i)al rea)tio!s

/it( t(e e!,iro!-e!t/it( t(e e!,iro!-e!t

do-i!ates s*)( asdo-i!ates s*)( as

oidati,e /ear.oidati,e /ear.

Fatigue

Corrosive


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>o!d?>o!d?

rosive:rosive: oss ofoss of

-aterial fro- solid-aterial fro- solid

s*rfa)e d*e to relati,es*rfa)e d*e to relati,e-otio! i! )o!ta)t /it(-otio! i! )o!ta)t /it(

fl*id /(i)( )o!tai!sfl*id /(i)( )o!tai!s

solid +arti)les.solid +arti)les.


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Alternate bearing combinations for total hip arthroplasty

Bearing material Benefits !is"s

>ross7li!2ed

+olyet(yle!e

Hig( /ear resista!)e!o

too)ityrelati,ely lo/)ost-*lti+le li!ero+tio!s.

1ross -aterial

faila*rei!)reasedbioa)ti,ity of /ear+arti)als.

Metal7o!7-etal Very (ig( /earresista!)efa,o*rs largerdia-eter3lo/ers/ear4lo!g i! ,i,oe+erie!)e.

I!)reased le,els ofio!sdelayed ty+e of(y+erse!siti,ity)ar)i!oge!esis.

>era-i)7o!7)era-i) Hig(est /earresista!)e!otoi)itylo!g i! ,i,o

e+erie!)e.

Positio! se!siti,ity li!ear)(i++i!g fra)t*re ris2.


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6ear -odes6ear -odes

T(e )o!ditio!s *!der /(i)( t(e +rost(esis /asT(e )o!ditio!s *!der /(i)( t(e +rost(esis /as

f*!)tio!i!g /(e! t(e /ear o))*rred (a,e bee!f*!)tio!i!g /(e! t(e /ear o))*rred (a,e bee!

ter-ed t(e /ear -odes.ter-ed t(e /ear -odes.

o*r ty+eso*r ty+es

$.$. Mode $Mode $

&.&. Mode &Mode &9.9. Mode 9Mode 9

B.B. Mode BMode B


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Mode #Mode # /ear7T(e -otio! of & +ri-ary beari!g/ear7T(e -otio! of & +ri-ary beari!g

s*rfa)e agai!st ea)( ot(er as i!te!ded.s*rfa)e agai!st ea)( ot(er as i!te!ded.

Mode $Mode $ /ear7 >o!ditio! of a +ri-ary beari!g/ear7 >o!ditio! of a +ri-ary beari!gs*rfa)e -o,i!g agai!st & s*rfa)e t(at /as !ots*rfa)e -o,i!g agai!st & s*rfa)e t(at /as !ot

i!te!ded to )o-e i!to )o!ta)t /it( t(e first.i!te!ded to )o-e i!to )o!ta)t /it( t(e first.

E7/(e! a fe-oral )o-+o!e!t +e!etratesE7/(e! a fe-oral )o-+o!e!t +e!etratest(ro*g( -od*lar +olyet(yle!e li!er < arti)*latest(ro*g( -od*lar +olyet(yle!e li!er < arti)*lates

/it( -etal ba)2i!g./it( -etal ba)2i!g.


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Mode %Mode % /ear7 >o!ditio! of t(e +ri-ary/ear7 >o!ditio! of t(e +ri-ary

s*rfa)es -o,i!g agai!st ea)( ot(er b*ts*rfa)es -o,i!g agai!st ea)( ot(er b*t

/it( t(ird body +arti)al i!ter+osed )alled/it( t(ird body +arti)al i!ter+osed )alled

t(ree body /ear. T(e +ri-ary beari!gt(ree body /ear. T(e +ri-ary beari!g

s*rfa)e -ay be tra!sie!tly or +er-a!e!tlys*rfa)e -ay be tra!sie!tly or +er-a!e!tly

ro*g(e!ed by t(is i!tera)tio! leadi!g to aro*g(e!ed by t(is i!tera)tio! leadi!g to a

(ig(er Mode 7$ /ear rate.(ig(er Mode 7$ /ear rate.


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Mode &Mode & /ear7 & se)o!dary 3!o!+ri-ary4/ear7 & se)o!dary 3!o!+ri-ary4

s*rfa)es r*bbi!g toget(er.s*rfa)es r*bbi!g toget(er.

ea-+les of Mode B7/ear i!)l*de /earea-+les of Mode B7/ear i!)l*de /ear

d*e to relati,e -otio! of t(e o*ter s*rfa)ed*e to relati,e -otio! of t(e o*ter s*rfa)e

of a -od*lar +olyet(yle!e )o-+o!e!tof a -od*lar +olyet(yle!e )o-+o!e!t

agai!st t(e -etal s*++ort so )alledagai!st t(e -etal s*++ort so )alled

ba)2side /ear.ba)2side /ear.


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'(B!)CAT)*+'(B!)CAT)*+

*bri)atio! refers to addi!g l*bri)a!t*bri)atio! refers to addi!g l*bri)a!t

bet/ee! t/o beari!g s*rfa)e i! order tobet/ee! t/o beari!g s*rfa)e i! order to

)o!trol fri)tio! a!d /ear.)o!trol fri)tio! a!d /ear.

T(ree disti!)t l*bri)atio! regi-e!s eistT(ree disti!)t l*bri)atio! regi-e!s eist

$.$. l*id7fil- l*bri)atio!.l*id7fil- l*bri)atio!.&.&. "o*!dary l*bri)atio!."o*!dary l*bri)atio!.

9.9. Mied l*bri)atio!.Mied l*bri)atio!.


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>o!d?>o!d?

I! order to -i!i-ie /ear ideal l*bri)atio!I! order to -i!i-ie /ear ideal l*bri)atio!regi-e! is fl*id fil-. Ho/e,er /ear )a!!ot beregi-e! is fl*id fil-. Ho/e,er /ear )a!!ot beeli-i!ated )o-+letely.eli-i!ated )o-+letely.

T(e tribiologi)al +erfor-a!)e of a ;oi!t de+e!dsT(e tribiologi)al +erfor-a!)e of a ;oi!t de+e!dso! t(e fl*id fil- )o,eri!g its s*rfa)es.o! t(e fl*id fil- )o,eri!g its s*rfa)es.

A (ig( ratio of fl*id fil- t(i)2!ess to s*rfa)e A (ig( ratio of fl*id fil- t(i)2!ess to s*rfa)ero*g(!ess 3F ratio4 is desirable i! order toro*g(!ess 3F ratio4 is desirable i! order tored*)e fri)tio! < /ear red*)e fri)tio! < /ear


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>o!d?>o!d?

l*id fil- l*bri)atio! )o-+letely se+aratesl*id fil- l*bri)atio! )o-+letely se+arates

t(e s*rfa)es of a beari!g. T(is o))*rst(e s*rfa)es of a beari!g. T(is o))*rs

/(e! t(e l*bri)ati!g fil- is t(i)2er t(a! t(e/(e! t(e l*bri)ati!g fil- is t(i)2er t(a! t(e

(eig(t of t(e as+erities o! t(e beari!g(eig(t of t(e as+erities o! t(e beari!g

s*rfa)es. I! t(is sit*atio! t(e load iss*rfa)es. I! t(is sit*atio! t(e load is

)arried by t(e fl*id a!d /ear of beari!g is)arried by t(e fl*id a!d /ear of beari!g is

-i!i-al.-i!i-al.


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F!)CT)*+F!)CT)*+

Defi!ed as resista!)e to -otio!.Defi!ed as resista!)e to -otio!.

irst st*dies by ea!ardo Da ,i!)i 3A.D. $BC& toirst st*dies by ea!ardo Da ,i!)i 3A.D. $BC& to$C$'4$C$'4

T(ree la/s of dry fri)tio!T(ree la/s of dry fri)tio!

$.$. or)e of fri)tio! is dire)tly +ro+ortio!al toor)e of fri)tio! is dire)tly +ro+ortio!al toa++lied load.a++lied load.

&.&. or)e of fri)tio! is i!de+e!de!t of a++are!tor)e of fri)tio! is i!de+e!de!t of a++are!tarea of )o!ta)t.area of )o!ta)t.

9.9. Ki!eti) for)e of fritio! is i!de+e!de!t of slidi!gKi!eti) for)e of fritio! is i!de+e!de!t of slidi!gs+eed.s+eed.


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>o!d?>o!d?

ri)tio! bet/ee! beari!g s*rfa)e (asri)tio! bet/ee! beari!g s*rfa)e (as

+layed a! i-+orta!t role i! de,elo+-e!t+layed a! i-+orta!t role i! de,elo+-e!tof artifi)ial (i+ ;oi!ts.of artifi)ial (i+ ;oi!ts.

Early (i+ re+la)e-e!ts desig!ed byEarly (i+ re+la)e-e!ts desig!ed by 'ate'ate,ir -ohn charnley,ir -ohn charnley *tilied -aterials /it(*tilied -aterials /it(

o+ti-al fri)tio! +ro+erties /it( lo/ )o7o+ti-al fri)tio! +ro+erties /it( lo/ )o7

effi)ie!t of fri)tio!. Ho/e,er t(ese failedeffi)ie!t of fri)tio!. Ho/e,er t(ese failedd*e to @*i)2 /ear.d*e to @*i)2 /ear.


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Ma;ority of (i+ i-+la!ts *si!g -etal o!Ma;ority of (i+ i-+la!ts *si!g -etal o!

-etal arti)*latio! also failed ra+idly d*e to-etal arti)*latio! also failed ra+idly d*e to

e@*atorial )o!ta)t a!d t(e res*lta!t (ig(e@*atorial )o!ta)t a!d t(e res*lta!t (ig(

fri)tio! a!d fri)tio!al tor@*e ge!erated.fri)tio! a!d fri)tio!al tor@*e ge!erated.

Low friction is preferential between theLow friction is preferential between the

bearing surface to reduce the stressbearing surface to reduce the stress

transmitted to the fixation interface.transmitted to the fixation interface.


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To +re,e!t stressTo +re,e!t stress

tra!s-itted at fiatio!tra!s-itted at fiatio!

i!terfa)e !ot o!ly a )o7i!terfa)e !ot o!ly a )o7

effi)ie!t of fri)tio! ateffi)ie!t of fri)tio! at

arti)*lati!g s*rfa)earti)*lati!g s*rfa)es(o*ld be red*)ed b*ts(o*ld be red*)ed b*t

also t(e radi*s of fe-oralalso t(e radi*s of fe-oral

(ead to be red*)ed as(ead to be red*)ed as

+er t(e basi) +ri!)i+les+er t(e basi) +ri!)i+les+ro+osed by t(e late Sir+ro+osed by t(e late Sir

o(! >(ar!ley.o(! >(ar!ley.


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Applications of tribology inApplications of tribology in

orthopaedicsorthopaedics

Tribology is etre-ely i-+orta!t i!Tribology is etre-ely i-+orta!t i!*!dersta!di!g of !or-al f*!)tio! < dege!eratio!*!dersta!di!g of !or-al f*!)tio! < dege!eratio!of !at*ral sy!o,ial ;oi!ts.of !at*ral sy!o,ial ;oi!ts.

I! t(e desig! of artifi)ial ;oi!t re+la)e-e!ts.I! t(e desig! of artifi)ial ;oi!t re+la)e-e!ts.

E: Total (i+ < total 2!ee +rost(esis it (el+s i!E: Total (i+ < total 2!ee +rost(esis it (el+s i!desig!i!g a +rost(esisdesig!i!g a +rost(esis ..sele)tio! of -aterial /it(sele)tio! of -aterial /it(

less /ear < less syste-i) toi)ity by /earless /ear < less syste-i) toi)ity by /ear+arti)als < t(ere by i!)reasi!g t(e life of+arti)als < t(ere by i!)reasi!g t(e life of+rost(esis a!d less !eed for re,isio! ar(ro+lasty.+rost(esis a!d less !eed for re,isio! ar(ro+lasty.


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!eferences!eferences

G. M. i! M. Sto!e E. I!g(a- . is(er biotribologyG. M. i! M. Sto!e E. I!g(a- . is(er biotribology)*rre!t ort(o+aedi)s # A*g 9&B.)*rre!t ort(o+aedi)s # A*g 9&B.

>(ristia! HeiseiMD "eari!g s*rfa)e o+tio!s for THR i!>(ristia! HeiseiMD "eari!g s*rfa)e o+tio!s for THR i!yo*!g +atie!ts "S,ol JC7A!o8#9 ;*ly.yo*!g +atie!ts "S,ol JC7A!o8#9 ;*ly.

P.S.6al2er T(e Tribology of all -etial artifi)al (i+P.S.6al2er T(e Tribology of all -etial artifi)al (i+

;oi!ts )li!i)al ort(o+aedi)s a!d related resear)(!o ;oi!ts )li!i)al ort(o+aedi)s a!d related resear)(!o9&'Sa*g $''.9&'Sa*g $''.

T(o-as +.S)(-alriedMD 6ear i! total (i+ a!d 2!eeT(o-as +.S)(-alriedMD 6ear i! total (i+ a!d 2!eere+la)e-e!ts"S,ol J$A !o $ ;a! $'''.re+la)e-e!ts"S,ol J$A !o $ ;a! $'''.

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