기계저널 6월호[5].pdf

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기계저널 2016. 06., vol. 56, no. 06 Journal of the KSME 커버스토리-테마기획 소프트 센서 및 액추에이터 현장을 보며 생각하며 엔지니어를 위한 영작 핵심 요령 전문가 연재 한국기계공업사 인터뷰 현대위아(주) 연구개발본부장 전춘석 전무 ISSN 1226-7287 기 계 저 널 2016. 06 테마기획 소프트 센서 및 액추에이터 6

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Journal of the KSME


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Journal of the KSME


IS SN
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3D


ISSN 1226-7287 Vol. 56, No. 6
2016 6c o n t e n t s
COVER
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(06130) 7 22, 702 (02)501-3646 (02)501-3649 , 00776 2015 2 23
Web site http://www.ksme.or.kr e-mail [email protected]·[email protected]·[email protected]·[email protected]
013583-31-000091 7519743 · ()[ (02)718-5011]
31 69

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2016. 6., Vol. 56, No. 6 13


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1. The commercial proposal will be open in
privacy on the scheduled date in the subcontract
plan. All attendees at the opening must sign a
proposal opening form that lists the prices
submitted and indicates completeness of the
proposal. 2 . ?
2016. 6., Vol. 56, No. 6 27

,
.
(, proposal)


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open in privacy

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the subcontractors are unsealed under secure
environment, on the scheduled date. In addition, all
attendees at the tender opening must sign on a form
that confirms the prices submitted and indicates
completeness of the proposal. .
2. Basically Watertight Integrity of all
semisubmersible tanks and void spaces shall be
verified by performing an air pressure test. All
penetrations, manholes and hatches shall be
mechanically complete and accepted by Client
prior to testing. In addition, structural tank test will
be carried out for the required each tank.
2 technical activity ,

()(Watertight Integrity test)
.

,
. ,
.


.
semisubmersible tanks and void spaces are
typically verified by performing an air pressure test.
We will have this testing on all penetrations,
manholes and hatches only after they are
mechanically complete and accepted by Client. In
addition, structural tank test will be carried out for
the each desired tank as per a test plan.
28

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test
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1).
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required each tank desired tank
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‘desire’ each desired
tank .
desire

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(technical & liberal
translation)
.

. AlphaGo
, /
,
100%
. (literal
translation)

.
. (8)

, ‘ ’
.
1) – - .
2016. 6., Vol. 56, No. 6 29

3D


32
e-mail : [email protected]

.
(rigid body)
(mechanism)
(flexible)
(compliant mechanism) .

(stiffness)
(microscopic)
.
(aspect ratio)
MEMS .
(invertebrates)
.

(monolithic)
,
(wearable)

Breakthrough .
(Bistable
(bistable, or snap-through, snap-action,
(potential energy) (potential well)

(monostable) ( )
.
(stiffness) -
01TH
EM E
al., Handbook of Compliant Mechanism)
2016. 6., Vol. 56, No. 6 33
THEME 0 1

(jump
phenomenon)
“snap-through” “snap-action”
. , ,
,

(buckling)
(carbon fiber reinforced
plastic composite)

(, )
.


(actuation
system)
.


Venus flytrap.
“snap-

(nastic motion) .
(morphing wing), “snap-through”
(e xc i t a t i on) u p-
conversion
.
“snap-through”
(, , )
2 (Bistability) ; (a) Potential energy vs. displacement), (b) Restoring
force vs. displacement
3 ‘Snap-through’ ; (a) Venus flytrap, (b) Micro lens
34
THEME 01



.
through’


( )
5
,

.
‘Snap-

6 (fluidic)
.
(miura-fold, or miura-
(origami)
. 7
.



Breakthrough
.

(fluidic actuator)

.
(pneumatic pressure) 8


.
venus flytrap
4 : (a) Rotation, (b) Grip, (c) Locomotive motion
5 ; (a) , (b)
2016. 6., Vol. 56, No. 6 35
THEME 0 1 origami


.
(: )




.

Break-
through

.



.
7 ; (a) , (b)
6 ‘ Snap-through’
8 ; (a) , (b)
36
e-mail : [email protected]
e-mail : [email protected]
e-mail : [email protected]
3D ,
.

“”
,
.


(joint), (gear) (link)
.

.



.



.

,
.

.
.


.
,
,
.

(Smart material) (SMA:
(IPMC: Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites),
(Piezoelectric ceramic)
.
,

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.
3D 02TH
EM E
THEME 0 2
,

.

,
.

.
,



.


,

. 2012
(SSC: Smart Soft
Composite)
.



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(anisotropy)
, -
.


. 3D
,
.
(deployable)
,
.
,
, (fusible
1 < : S.H. Ahn et al, 2012, Int J
Precis Eng Manuf >
alloy)
.

. 3D

,
,

.
,

.


.


,
.


,

,
.
3D

,
2 ; A: , B-C:
, D: , E:
< : W. Wang et al, 2016, Sci
Rep>
3 < :
S.H.Song et al, 2016, Sci Rep>
2016. 6., Vol. 56, No. 6 39
THEME 0 2
,
10 .
, -
10Hz
.



.
,
.
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
3D
,
.

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,
3.6mm/s .

,

.



.
,

-

.
,
4 < : Wang W.et al, 2014, Bioinspir
Biomim >
5 < : S.H. Song et al,
2016, Bioinspir Biomim >
.

,

.

.


.

.
3D


.

.

,


.
6 ; A: , B:
2016. 6., Vol. 56, No. 6 41
THEME 0 3
(robot) , ,


, , , , ,
.



.


.
,


.
, (DE: dielectric elastomer
actuator,) 1Mpa

(compliant), 200
(fast), (softness),
(compact),
(highly deformation),
(easy fabrication),

.

, .

6
. 3D (printing)
,
(forward), (backward), (turning),
03TH
EM E
, ,
, .
,
.
42
(antagonistic configuration)
,
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(multi-DOF)
.
(ETRI)

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,

. , 500

(optical zoom)
, .




.

1 (a) 6 , (b) (Choi H.R. et al., Printable Monolithic Hexapod Robot
Driven By Soft Actuator 2015)
2 (Kyung K.-U. et al., A thin film active-lens with translational control for dynamically
programmable optical zoom 2015)
THEME 0 3
(silver nanowire electrodes)
,
1GHz

.
, ,

, ,
, ,
.


.
,
,

.

,

1.5g 50 82.1g
.
(bending angle)

(capacitance)

3 (Oh I.-K. et al., An Electroactive, Tunable, and
Frequency Selective Surface Utilizing Highly Stretchable Dielectric Elastomer Actuators Based on Functionally Antagonistic
Aperture Control 2016)
4 60.9g (Shea H. et al., Versatile soft grippers with intrinsic
electroadhesion based on multifunctional polymer actuators 2015)
44
,
(self-sensing) .

.
DC
(in-plane)
on/off
(self-regulating system) . 3
,
,
(rigid material)

.

.
.
(shape memorizing alloy),
(ionic po lymer meta l
composites), (ionic
conducting polymer films)
. ,
,
5 ; (a) , (b) (Anderson I. et al, A Soft Electronics-Free robot
2016)
6 (a) , (b) , (c) (Zhu J. et al., A Soft Jellyfish Robot
Driven by a Dielectric Elastomer Actuator 2016)
2016. 6., Vol. 56, No. 6 45
THEME 0 3 , ,
.
,


.
,
.


. ,

. ,

.


.

.
,
,


. ,

,
.



.
(EAC: electroactive ceramic),
(SMA: shape memory alloy),
(EAP: electroactive polymer) .
(piezoelectric material)

.
(EAP) ,
,

, ,
. ,
, ,


.

.
-
(Ionic EAP)
(dipole)
(polarization)
(electronic EAP) .
(ERF:
polymer-metal composite), (IPG: ionic

(bending)

.
04TH EM
THEME 0 4
.


. (Electronic EAP)
(LCE: liquid crystal elastomer), -
(electro-viscoelastic elastomer),
(dipole)
(polarization)

(electrostatic attraction)
.

.



.



.

Maxwell stress ,
electrostriction , space charge
2(a)
,
.
Coulomb

Maxwell stress . 2(b)


true electrostriction
effect . 2(c)
multiphase domain



. space
charge injection .
space charge
.


, .

3 ,
1
48
,

. ,


.



.

(1∼5 V)
.
, IPMC

,
IPMC
.

(NafionTM)
,
.


.

( lithium )
(dissociation medium)
. IPMC

IPMC
,
2
3 (dielectric elastomer)
2016. 6., Vol. 56, No. 6 49
THEME 0 4
,
IPMC (bending deformation)
.
, ,
,
5


. on/off
switching , ,

,
,
1990
.
,
,
,

( , )
,


.
,
, IPMC
,
.
, ,
,
, ,

.
,


.
5 IPMC
4 IPMC
50

,

.
.

(Variable stiffness actuator),
(Under-actuation mechanism),
.

.


.


.
1988
Shigeo Hirose ICRA

1989 Koichi Suzumori
( )

.
, ,

.

,


20 .
2007 (DARPA)

.
,
.
05TH EM
E
THEME 0 5
(jamming)
.


.

.

,
, , .


(compliant) .



.
(redundant degree-of-
freedom) (under-actuation)


.
MIT Daniela Rus


.
1
52

,
.

.

. 3D


3D
.

(SDM:
shape deposition manufacturing) .
1990 CAD
(SFF: solid free-form fabrication)
. SDM CAD
CNC

.
SDM Stanford Mark Cutkosky

, iSprawl

Stickybot . SDM
Robert Howe SDM
,


.

.
3D ABS
.

,
.
,
.
Tufts Barry Trimmer

3D ,
George Whitesides Robert Wood

.
2 (SDM) SDM
2016. 6., Vol. 56, No. 6 53
THEME 0 5

, - ,
.


.


.
.
, ,
.
George
Whitesides Multi-gait
.

.
.
-

, .


.
,

. -
3
54
Scuola Superiore Sant’
Anna Cecilia Laschi

Exo-Glove Poly .

(shape memory alloy, SMA),
(shape memory polymer, SMP),
(dielectric elastomer actuator,
DEA), (ionic polymer
metal composite, IPMC) .
,
.


.

,
.
MIT
S M A
Meshworm .

.
,
.
,

.

.

.

.
PID
,


(central pattern generators,
CPG) .
. Thomson Reuters Web of
Science Core Collection Analysis
, 2016 2
946 .

2010 .
2010
. , 77%
(EU)
, , , ,
.
Chembot
.

, , iRobot MIT(Daniela Rus
, ), (George Whitesides
, Robert Wood , Conor Walsh ), Tufts
(Barry Trimmer ), (Carmel
M a j i d i ) , Wo r ce t e r Po l y t e c h n i c
Institute(Cagdas Onal ), Soft Robotics Inc.
. EU 7
2016. 6., Vol. 56, No. 6 55
THEME 0 5

OCTOPUS
.

STIFF-FLOP .

Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna(Paolo Dario
, Cecilia Laschi , Matteo Cianchetti ),
IIT(Fabio Benfenati , Darwin Caldwell ),
(Jonathan Rossiter ), EPFL(Dario
), (Fumiya Iida ) .


,
,
.



.


.
, ,
.
, SDM , ,
,
.


.
,
, , , , ,
, ,
.
,
,
.

.
4
5.3
.

. ,
,
.

.

.
.
.
1946
. 1


. 1972 PL-2
4 .

, .

.
Northrop F-5 E/F


.
Hughes 500C Hughes 500D
.
TOW
500MD-TOW . [
5-18] Hughes 500MD
.
-62
: 60, , 2005.

2.64m 4,570m
8.04m 2,745m (20)
1,157kg 606km () 1976~’90(308)
7,
A250 1600
Hughes 420SHP
3124 .
, ,
,


.

. ,

F-5E/F
.
, 1979
GE J-79, J-85
.
Hawker Pacific
Allison 250, P&W T-53
.
F-5E/F 1982
.
‘’ ,

. , , ,

, ,
.
[ 5-19] 1980
F-5E/F .

.
( GE)
(turboshaft)52 Pratt&Whitney T-53
Allison A250 . [ 5-20]
.

. 1989 10
‘’ .
.

. 2


. 1996 11 7
.

.
: 60, , 2005.

14.45m Mach 1.64 Northrop 1980. 11. 14
8.13m 15,793m 9KAL) 1980. 12. 27
4.07m 1,056km 1 1982. 9. 9
4,410kg 2,863km 1986.
11,214kg J85-GE-21B 600
3,175kg 2,268kgx2
Northrop
: 52. . , .
.
M1-Abrams , ,
. .
2016. 6., Vol. 56, No. 6 57

: 60, , 2005.

(LBS) (LBS)
J-85 " F-5E/F 5,000 684 D26.1in, L117m "
T-53 UH-1 1,400SHP 545 D25in, L47.6m Pratt&Whitney
A250 " 500MD 420SHP 158 W9.0in, H22.5in, L40.8in ALLISON



. 1997 4
[ ]
. 1) , 2)
, 3) .


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.
Drifter
‘1’ ‘
2’ .
‘91 ’
.
,
,
. 91 5 200
1993 8

.
.
2003 8 2009 6 11
.
1
2006 7 2
.

.


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. 3

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IMF .

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(KAI) .
.
,
33 .
,

.
.

KT-1() 1988
.
2000
1 85
(2005 ) . KT-1



. KT-1 2001
17 2007 40,
11 20 . KT-1

.
1990 4

KTX-2 . KTX-2 2004

T-50 A-50
F-5

. 2000 ‘Golden Eagle’
[ 5-21] .
(KAI) 2011 5
2001 KT-1 7
.
••••
6 .


F-35
. (interceptor)


.
J-7 J-8
. A-50

.
. ,


.

, .
100%
[ 5-21] T-50
: 60, , 2005.
)
16.10ft 48,250ft
30.10ft 8,060ft
13,990lbs F404-GE-102
23,513lbs 17,700lbs
19,535lbs Fly-by-Wire
-3G~+8G M197, AIM-9
)
(OML) 1999 8
1 2001 10
(-KAI) 2003 12
(50) 2005 10

.

,
.
.

.
F-5E/F
.
, 2
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74
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology Vol. 30, No. 5
[Engineering Materials and Technology]
Numerical and experimental investigation of central cavity formation in aluminum during forward extrusion process / S. H. Hosseini, M. Sedighi, J. Mosayebnezhad 1951 Quasi-static compression of electric resistance welded mild steel tubes with axial gradient-distributed microstructures / S. Yao, L. Sun, X. Ma 1957 A study of pressureless microwave sintering, microwave-assisted hot press sintering and conventional hot pressing on properties of aluminium/alumina nanocomposite / R. Abedinzadeh, S. M. Safavi, F. Karimzadeh 1967 Effect of defects on the burst failure of butt fusion welded polyethylene pipes / H. S. Lai, N. N. Tun, S. H. Kil, K. B. Yoon 1973 Vibration response analysis caused by rubbing between rotating blade and casing / H. Ma, F. Yin, X. Tai, D. Wang, B. Wen 1983 Prediction of multiaxial fatigue life for notched specimens of titanium alloy TC4 / Z. R. Wu, X. T. Hu, Z. X. Li, Y. D. Song 1997 The effect of sequential coupling on radial displacement accuracy in electromagnetic inside-bead forming: simulation and experimental analysis using Maxwell and ABAQUS software / R. Chaharmiri, A. F. Arezoodar 2005 Characterization of carbonaceous particulate matter emitted from marine diesel engine / J.-H. Choi, I. Cho, J. S. Lee, S.-K. Park, W.-J. Lee, H. Kim, H. J. Chang, J. Y. Kim, S. Jeong, S.-H. Park 2011 Experimental study on variations in charpy impact energies of low carbon steel, depending on welding and specimen cutting method / Z. Yang, H. Kang, Y. Lee 2019
[Fluids Engineering]
On the hydraulic axial thrust of Francis hydro-turbine / X.-Y. Ji, X.-B. Li, W.-T. Su, X. Lai, T.-X. Zhao 2029 Prediction of leakage and rotordynamic coefficients for the circumferential-groovepump seal using CFD analysis / S. H. Kim, T. W. Ha 2037 Domain decomposition parallel computing for transient two-phase flow of nuclear reactors / J. R. Lee, H. Y. Yoon, H. G. Choi 2045 Optimization of a subsonic wind tunnel nozzle with low contraction ratio via ball-spine inverse design method / H. Hoghooghi, M. N. Ahmadabadi, M. D. Manshadi 2059 A study on flow distribution for integrated hybrid actuator by analysis of reed valve / J. Woo, N. S. Goo, Y. Z. Li, S.-H. Kang, H. S. Ko 2069
[Solid Mechanics and Design]
The effects of scale factor and correction on the multi-fidelity model / S.-H. Son, D.-H. Choi 2075 Optimization of flatbed trailer frame using the ground beam structure approach / H. P. Panganiban, T.-J. Chung, G.-W. Jang 2083 Transformation of static balancer from truss to linkage / S.-H. Kim, C. Cho 2093 A new hardening rule for metallic foam plasticity / A. Surmiri, K. Hasanpour 2105 Damage detection in multilayered fiber–metal laminates using guided-wave phased array / A. Maghsoodi, A. Ohadi, M. Sadighi, H. Amindavar 2113 Buckling analysis of laminated plates using the extended Kantorovich method and a system of first-order differential equations / P. Singhatanadgid, P. Jommalai 2121 Estimation of the saw-tooth shock wave using a lead shock programmer / T.-H. Yang, Y.-S. Lee, K.-W. Yeon, H.-M. Kim, J.-Y. Kim, H.-B. Kwon 2133
[Micro/Nano Technologies and Engineering]
Effects of heat flux on dropwise condensation on a superhydrophobic surface / K. W. Hwang, D. H. Kim, H. J. Jo, H. S. Park, K. Moriyama, M. H. Kim 2141
[Production and Fusion Technology]
Prediction and control of pillow defect in single point incremental forming using numerical simulations / B. B. L. Isidore, G. Hussain, S. P. Shamchi, W. A. Khan 2151 Effects of forming parameters on temperature in frictional stir incremental sheet forming / J. Wang, L. Li, H. Jiang 2163
2016. 6., Vol. 56, No. 6 75

Coefficient of friction of a starved lubricated spur gear pair / H. Liu, C. Zhu, Z. Sun, Y. Zhang, C. Song 2171 Experimental investigation on effects of dielectric mediums in near-dry electric discharge machining / K. Dhakar, A. Dvivedi, A. Dhiman 2179 An analytical and experimental approach for pressure distribution analysis of a particular lobe and plain bearing performance keeping in view of all impeding varying parameters associating with fixed lubrication SAE20W40 / N. Biswas, P. Chakraborti, S. Belkar 2187 Prediction of the friction torque in grease lubricated angular contact ball bearings using grey system theory / B. Wang, C. Gao, Z. Wu, H. Liu 2195 Tool fabrication for composite forming of aircraft winglet using multi-point dieless forming / J.-W. Park, T.-W. Ku, J. Kim, K.-H. Kim, B.-S. Kang 2203 Optimal design of an extrusion process for a hinge bracket / G. J. Na, M.-G. Jang, J.-B. Kim 2211 Bimetal cup hydroforming of Al/St and Cu/St composites: Adaptive finite element analysis and experimental study / A. Hashemi, M. H. Gollo, S. M. H. Seyedkashi 2217 Optimization of friction welding by taguchi and ANOVA method on commercial aluminium tube to Al 2025 tube plate with backing block using an external tool / S. Kannan, S. S. Kumaran, L. A. Kumaraswamidhas 2225 Effects of forming media on hydrodynamic deep drawing / V. Modanloo, A. Gorji, M. Bakhshi-Jooybari 2237 Sandglass-type product specification management method for supporting modular design of semiconductor manufacturing equipment / D. Cho, J. Han, J. Yang 2243 Development of a perpendicular vibration-induced electrical discharge machining process for fabrication of partially wavy inner structures / J.-C. Lee, S.-H. Park, J. K. Min, M. Y. Ha, B. Shin, J.-R. Cho 2257
[Robotics and Control]
Modular design and control of an upper limb exoskeleton / J. Garrido, W. Yu, X. Li 2265 A new converter for improving efficiency of multi-actuators fluid power system / Y. Xue, J. Z. Shang, J. H. Yang, Z. Wang 2273 Design and motion analysis of load-carrying and transmit robot (LCT-Robot) for small openings / P. Wang, Q. Cao 2283 Integrated nozzle - flapper valve with piezoelectric actuator and isothermal chamber: a feedback linearization multi control device / M. Kamali, S. A. Jazayeri, F. Najafi, K. Kawashima, T. Kagawa 2293 A simple approach to solving the kinematics of the 4-UPS/PS (3R1T) parallel manipulator / J. Gallardo-Alvarado, M. A. García-Murillo, Md. N. Islam, M. H. Abedinnasab 2303 New approach of friction identification for electro-hydraulic servo system based on evolutionary algorithm and statistical logics with experiments / X. Wang, S. Wang 2311
[Thermal and Power Engineering]
A study on the evaluation of ventilation system suitable for outside air cooling applied in large data center for energy conservation / Y.-I. Kwon 2319 Heat transfer and pressure drop of a gasket-sealed plate heat exchanger depending on operating conditions across hot and cold sides / J. Ahn, H. J. Kim 2325 A novel clocking effect between inlet bend and volute in an automotive turbocharging system / B. Zhao, C. Yang, L. Hu, D. Li, S. Chen 2335 An experimental study on spray and combustion characteristics of LPG for application in direct-injection / S. S. Chung, J. K. Yeom, J. H. Yoon, S. I. Hwang 2343 The injector-based regenerative supercritical organic Rankine cycle / C. Liu, X. Wang, H. Gao, C. Zhang, C. He 2353 Effect of nano additives (titanium and zirconium oxides) and diethyl ether on biodiesel-ethanol fuelled CI engine / H. Venu, V. Madhavan 2361 Flight characteristic comparison of single- and dual-stage turbocharging reciprocating gasoline engine propeller propulsion system based on mathematical model / Y. Zhou, P. Shan 2369 A fuel cell/battery hybrid power system for an unmanned aerial vehicle / C. Yang, S. Moon, Y. Kim 2379 Effect of the switching time on the performance of an adsorption chiller / S. W. Hong, O. K. Kwon, J. D. Chung 2387 Performance maximization of IGCC plant considering operating limitations of a gas turbine and ambient temperature / D. W. Kang, C. M. Kim, J. H. Lee, T. S. Kim, J. L. Sohn 2397 Measurement of burning velocity for bare strand casted with a frozen mixture of nano/micro-aluminum particles and water / J. Jun, B.-J. Lee, D. J. Song 2409 Titles of papers published in the Transactions of the KSME 2415
76
Joint 18th IHPC & 12th IHPS : June 12.~16., 2016
: Ramada Plaza Jeju, Korea
Website : www.heatpipe.or.kr
World Congress on Computational Mechanics 2016 : July 24.~29., 2016
: COEX
Website : www.wccm2016.org
ACMD 2016(Asian Conference on Multibody Dynamics 2016) : August 7.~10., 2016
: Konazawa City, Japan
: Phoenix Island, Jeju, Korea
Website : www.acrt2016.org
: Ramada Plaza Jeju Hotel, Jeju, Korea
: ()
Website : www.acem2016.org
ACTS 2017(Asian Conference on Thermal Science 2017) : March 26.~30., 2017
: ICC Jeju, Jeju, Korea
: (KAIST)
Conference 2017 : July 12.~16., 2017
: Ramada Plaza Jeju Hotel, Jeju, Korea
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2016. 6., Vol. 56, No. 6 79
2012. 7., Vol. 52, No. 7 80

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