Attributive Clause 定语从句

定语从句

定语从

句

The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句

The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句的构成The old lady who lives next to us sells books.You should do all that I said.I have found the teather whom I am looking for .I visited the factory where my father works.

关系代词 关系副词

先行词 之后 , 用陈述式语序

“…. 的”

关系词

1. 从句位置及语序 :

2. 翻译方法 :

3. 构成

先行词和关系词的关系

1.A plane is a machine that can fly. 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.

3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.

4.The school where I study is far from my home.

the machine = that

the boy =who

the boy’s =whose

in the school = where/in which

关系代词实际上是先行词的复指

关系词 whose 实际上是先行词的所有格

关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词

Join the following sentences:

A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.

先行词和关系词的关系

Join the following sentences:

A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.

A plane is can fly.

关系代词的实质

the machine

a machine

Join the following sentences:

A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.

A plane is can fly.

关系代词的实质

a machinethat /which

关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:

The lady is Green. We saw her yesterday.

herThe lady we saw yesterday is Green.

Who/that

指人 指物 主语 宾语that

which

who

whom

关系代词的用法

√ √ √ √

√ √ √√ √ √√ √

× ×

×

×

关系代词在从句中可以：

何时可以省略？ 做宾语时可以省略

关系代词的用法练习

1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday.

2.The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night.

3.He prefers the cheese. It comes from his parent’s farm. 4.The noodles were delicious. You cooked them. 5.I don’t like the people. They smoke a lot.

The eggs (that/which) I bought them were not fresh.

The friend who/ that he came to supper last night was not hungry.

He prefers the cheese that / which it comes from his parent’s farm.

The noodles( which/ that )you cooked them were delicious.

I don’t like the people that / who they smoke a lot.

关系副词和先行词的关系I still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like traveling. I don’t like the way that you speak.

on the day =when/on which

in the house= where/in which

for the reasons =why/for which

in the way =that/in which

关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词

1.I’ll never forget the days______________ we worked together. 2.I’ll never forget the days ___________ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _____________ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _____________________ he was late. 6.This is the reason _____________________ he gave.

when /in which

which

where/ in which

which

why/ for which

that/which

几种易混的情况

及物动词

及物动词

及物动词

the reason why 和 the reason that 的区别

the reason why——这就是为什么。。。。的原因，是针对前面的疑问或情况进行阐述，表明最直接，最主要的原因。

the reason that——原因是，表示一部分或全部原因，可以是直接的也可以是间接的次要原因。 why和 that都引导了 reason的定语从句，但是一般我们从句意上分析，如果表示的是“ ”做什么事的原因 之类，就用why；如果是“ ”事情本身引起的原因 之类，就用 that 。例如：

This is the reason that he told me yesterday. that 在从句中充当宾语。 This is the reason why table tennis is popular in China. why=for which 在从句中充当状语。 This is the reason that table tennis is popular in China. that 在从句中不充当成分，引导同位语从句。

难用的 whose

The teacher praised the student. His English is the best in our class.The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.

Join the following pair of sentences.

whose =the student’s关系词 whose 实际上是先行词的所有格

难用的 whose

The house is mine. The window of the house is broken.

Join the following pair of sentences.

The house whose window is broken is mine.

whose=the house’s window

The house is mine.the window of which is broken

of which the window is broken

非限制性定语从句

The town where I live is beautiful.Hangzhou, where I live, is beautiful.

Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.

Please compare:

形式 作用 能否省略 翻译限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 插入成分

修饰限定

补充解释

不能

能

…. 的

Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.

Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.

分析两种定语从句省略后的结果

The town where I live is beautiful.Hangzhou, where I live, is beautiful.

分析两种定语从句省略后的结果

限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略

非限制性定语从句和单句的比较

2.He failed in the exam._______ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam, _______made his parents angry.

4.He has two sons. Both of ________ are teachers. 5.He has two sons, both of ________ are teachers.

Thiswhich

whomthem

× that

1.I am reading Harry Porter, _____is an interesting book.which

as 引导的非限制性定语从句

The earth is round._____ is known to all.

The earth is round,_____ is known to all.

_____ is known to all, the earth is round

______ is known to all that the earth is round.

It

which/ as

As

It

as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/ as you see/as we planned/as we expected

定语从句在句首时只能用 as,

as 引导的非限制性定语从句 (1)

This is the same book as I lost.

This is the same book that I lost.

Please compare:

这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。

这本书就是我丢的那本。

as 引导的限制性定语从句 (2)

This is such an interesting book ____ we all like.This is so interesting a book _____ we all like.

This is such an interesting book ____we all like it.This is so interesting a book ____we all like it.

as

that

Please complete the following sentences and compare:

as

that

这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。 ( 定语从句 )

这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。 ( 结果状语从句 )

介词 + 关系代词的情况 1

The man whom you spoke was a scientist.

The city which she lives is far away.

to

in

介词 + 关系代词的情况 2

The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.

The city that/which she lives is far away.

to

in

Are these two sentences right?

介词 + 关系代词的情况 3

The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.

The city that/which she lives is far away.

to

in

×

×

Are these two sentences right?

可见 ,who、 that 不能用与介词之后

介词 + 关系代词的情况 4

Is this the watch that you are looking for?

The old man whom I am looking after is better .

在固定短语中介词不能提前

下面两句中的介词能提前吗 ?

1.  Do you like the book she spent $10?

2.  Do you like the book she paid $10?

3.  Do you like the book she learned a lot?

4.  Do you like the book she often talks?

5.  He built a telescope he could study the skies.

介词 + 关系代词的情况 练习

on whichfor which

from which

about which

through which

6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher.

7.  China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _______ is the Yellow River. 8. The tower _______ people can have a good view is on the hill. 9. The man ________ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at swimming. 10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most ______ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a

year.

under which

of which

from which

to whom

of which

1. 当先行词是不定代词时 ,如 :All ,few, little, much, every, something, anything, everything 等

只能用 that 做关系代词的情况

2. 当先行词被 the only, the very, the same, little, few, no, any 等修饰时

That’s all (that) I could do at that time. Please just tell me anything (that) you know.

The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help.This is the very city that I like very much.

只能用 that 做关系代词的情况3. 当人和物合做先行词时

4. 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时

5. 在疑问词 who、which、what 开头的句子中

The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.

This is the best TV set that is made in China.

We will never forget the first lesson that our English teacher gave us.

What is the book that they are reading?

在非限制性定语从句中

只能用 which 做关系代词的情况

在介词后面

1.He did all / everything _______he could to help me.2.This is the very thing _______ I am after.3.We talked about the men and the things _______ we remembered at school.4.He is the only man _______ can do the work.5.This is the first thing _______ I want to say.6.He is the finest man _______ I have ever worked with.7.Who is the man _______ spoke to you at the gate.8.Which is the star _______ is nearest to the earth.

Exercise that , which or who?

that

thatthat

that

thatthat

that

that

that , which ,whose, whom or who?

9.Is there anything else _______ you want to say?10.Any person _______ has the money can join the group.11.He often speaks the role he played in the play, _______ made others upset.12.He opened the door, in front of _______ sat a boy.13.The man to _______ I spoke is a famous scientist.14.The boy _______ mother is dead was brought up by his father.

that

that

which

which

whomwhose

练习题

1、 All______ is useful to us is good.

A、 which

B、 what

C、 that

D、 whether

C

2、 Is this factory ____ we visited last

week.

A、 where

B、 that

C、 which

D、 the one

D

3、 She will never forget the day_____

she spent in Beijing.

A、 when

B、 what

C、 which

D、 why

C

4、 This is the school _______ my father

worked 20 years ago.A、 that

B、 when

C、 which

D、 where

D

5、 This is the factory_______we visited

last year.A、 that

B、 where

C、 what

D、 the one

A

6、 The text is one of the most interesting

stories_______learnt in the past

three days.A、 that have

B、 that have been

C、 which has

D、 which has been

B

7、 The college won’t take anyone _____

eyesight is weak.A、 who

B、 whose

C、 of whom

D、 which

B

8、 Let me think of a proper situation

_______ this sentence can be used.

A、 where

B、 that

C、 of whom

D、 which

A

9、 The man _______ you are talking is

in the next room.

A、 to whom

B、 about whom

C、 about who

D、 whom

B

10、 This is the last factory ___ he used to

work at, many workers of _____ still

have a good relationship with him.A、 that; it

B、 which; whom

C、 that; which

D、 which; that

C

11、 Those _____ to take part in the game

write down your names.A、 who

B、 who want

C、 what wants

D、 want

B

12、 I， ______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.

A、 who is

B、 what is

C、 what am

D、 who am

D

13、 His walking stick, ____ he can’t

walk, was lost yesterday.

A、 that

B、 with which

C、 which

D、 without which

D

14、 They have decided to finish their

work, ______, I think is a wise choice.

A、 that

B、 what

C、 which

D、 whether

C

15、 I don’t like the way _____ he

spoke to me.

A、 by that

B、 what

C、 by which

D、 /

D

16、 This is the only thing _____ I can

do now.

A、 what

B、 which

C、 that

D、 all

C

17、 There are three libraries in our

school, _______ were built five

years ago.

A、 all of them

B、 either of them

C、 all of which

D、 both of that

C

18、 He told me the reason _____ he

didn’t come here.

A、 which

B、 that

C、 why

D、 what

C

19、 This is the reason ______ he told me.

A、 that

B、 why

C、 on which

D、 for that

A

20、Which of the two cows ______ you

keep produces more milk?A、 which

B、 that

C、 what

D、 as

B