Translation of Attributive Translation of Attributive ClausesClauses

定语从句的翻译定语从句的翻译

Classification of PremodifierClassification of Premodifier

1. Restrictive( 限定性定语 )

articles, pronouns, ordinal numbers

2. Descriptive( 描述性定语 )

judgment: good, bad, wise

description: shape, color, smell

3. Classified( 分类性定语 )

nationality, material and function

1. The famous oval meeting office

这个著名的椭圆形会议室

2. A splendid white marble arch

一座宏伟壮观的白色大理石拱门

3. Two skillful English-speaking diplomat

两位讲英语的老练的外交官

At 　 every 　 crossways 　 on 　 the 　road 　 that 　 leads 　 to 　 the 　 future,　 each 　 progressive 　 spirit 　 is 　opposed 　 by 　 thousands 　 of 　 men　 appointed 　 to 　 guard 　 the 　 past.　

To the north, on clear days passengers may see the five Great Lakes between the United States and Canada.

在晴朗的日子里，乘客朝北远眺，可以看到美国和加拿大之间的五大湖。

Many aspiring to be elected as the party candidate employ top public relations and advertising men, who invent clever catch phrases and set about “selling” their man.

By aid of sunlight, chlorophyll changes the carbon dioxide of the air and water and minerals which plants root get from the earth into carbon hydrates they need for living and growing.

Identification of AntecedentIdentification of Antecedent

Emergency measures must be taken to eliminate the air pollution of a city, which, as reported by the control centre, exceeds tolerance limits and endangers the safety of the inhabitants.

In an office, figures, diagrams and information are compiled which tell the managers or heads of the business what is happening in their shops or factories.

Short Attributes as PremodifierShort Attributes as Premodifier

Scientists believed that there must be hundreds of heavenly bodies in the universe where human beings or something like human beings may exist.

It helps to explain why so many inventions, that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited by Western Europeans.

I want a man who will throw his hat over the Chindwin and then lead his troops after it.

我要的是这样一个人，他决心在钦敦江破釜沉舟，然后率领部队前进。

我要的是这样一个人，一个能在钦敦江破釜沉舟并率部过江的人。

Repetition of Antecedents for Repetition of Antecedents for Forcefulness in ExpressionForcefulness in Expression

They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.

But without Adolf Hitler, who was possessed of a demoniac personality, a granite will, uncanny instincts, a cold ruthlessness, a remarkable intellect, a soaring imagination and —until towards the end, when drunk with power and success, he overreached himself — an amazing capacity to size up people and situations, there almost certainly never have been a Third Reich.

然而，如果没有阿道夫 · 希特勒，那就几乎可以肯定不会有第三帝国。因为阿道夫· 希特勒有着恶魔般的性格、花岗石般的意志、不可思议的本能、无情的冷酷、杰出的智力、深远的想象力以及对人和局势惊人的判断力。这种判断力最后由于权力和胜利冲昏了头脑而自不量力，终于弄巧成拙。

Seek not proud riches, but such as thou mayest get justly, use soberly, distribute cheerfully, and leave contendedly.

别为摆阔炫耀而追求财富，只挣你取之有道 、用之有度、施之有乐且遗之有慰的钱财。 "

AppreciationAppreciation

Long Attributes as PostmodifierLong Attributes as Postmodifier

World War 2 was, however, more complex than the preceding world war which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories.

Conjunction as Subject in ClauseConjunction as Subject in Clause

There are a number of drugs that can cause physical and mental trouble.

He reflected that there must be a great many people besides himself who wish to take this train so as to save both time and money.

Many universities have “closed-circuit” television equipments that will telecast lectures and demonstrations to hundreds of students in different classrooms.

Conversion to Adverbial ClauseConversion to Adverbial Clause

Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing decisions that denied victory to their teams.

He wanted changes, and these changes would not benefit the rich to whose school he had gone and to whose circles he had moved.

Scientists say that standard filters, which reduce the amount of tar inhaled by smokers, do not make the smoke less toxic to the cells.

Multiple Attributes – Extracting Multiple Attributes – Extracting Sentence FrameSentence Frame

A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a colonel who says they haven’t.

The grand canal met a pressing need by linking the Yangtze Valley, which had become the economic centre of the country, with the north, which remained the political centre.

The first route was controlled by the Arabs who shipped the spices to Egypt, and by the Venetians who loaded cargoes at Alexandria for distribution in Europe.

The Middle East on the eve of the Muslim invasions was dominated by two great empires; the Byzantine, which from Constantinople controlled the lands of the eastern Mediterranean, and the Sassanian, ruling the Tigris-Euphrates valleys and the Iranian plateau.

This was a defensive pact, designed to protect Germany against the French, who aspired to recover the Alsace-Lorraine provinces lost in 1871, and also to protect Austria-Hungary against the Russians, with whom they continually clashed in the Balkans. 　　

Queen Elizabeth knighted him with the Ⅱvery sword that Queen Elizabeth had Ⅰused almost 400 years earlier to knight Sir Francis Drake after he had sailed around the world for the first time.

At one extreme are Hawaii and Brazil,  where racial intermixture is extensive and continuing, and where racial discrimination is relatively minor.

处于一个极端的是夏威夷和巴西，在那里，种族混合十分广泛，而且正在继续进行，因此，种族歧视较少。

He was an old-line Stalinist who had spent 16 years in Hungarian jails in the interwar period and who was now unwilling to share authority with the "nationalist" Hungarian Communists.

他还是一位老牌的斯大林主义者，曾在两次世界大战之间的时期内在匈牙利监狱呆了１６年，因而这时不愿与 " 民族主义的 " 匈牙利共产党人分享权力。

Vanity FairVanity Fair

She knew the tradesmen who were bankrupt by his extravagance…… the mean shifts and rogueries with which he had administered to it…… the astounding falsehoods by which he had imposed upon the most generous of her aunt, and the ingratitude and ridicule by which he had repaid her sacrifices.